Perlite water and fertilizer retention slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural technologies, and discloses a perlite water and fertilizer retention slow release fertilizer which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of a chemical fertilizer, 5-20 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 5-20 parts of a potash fertilizer, 20-50 parts of water and 10-40 parts of perlite, according to the preparation method, the porous perlite is used as a fertilizer carrier, the core problem of low fertilizer utilization rate is effectively solved, leaching and runoff loss of soluble nutrients such as nitrogen and potassium in the early stage of crop growth are remarkably reduced, it is ensured that the fertilizer can be fully absorbed in the critical period of fertilizer demand of nursery stocks, the fertilizer utilization rate is greatly increased, and the yield of the nursery stocks is increased. The agricultural production cost is reduced, and the environmental pressure such as water eutrophication caused by nutrient loss is relieved from the source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, specifically to a perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of agricultural production and horticulture, chemical fertilizers are an important means of providing key nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needed for plant growth and ensuring crop yield and quality. Traditional fertilization methods, such as surface application and trench application, have a series of significant technical defects.

[0003] Firstly, fertilizer utilization is low, especially for highly water-soluble nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Since not much nutrition is needed at the time of sowing, this stage is the most critical period for fertilizer loss. When irrigation or rainfall occurs, fertilizer is easily leached into deeper soil layers that crop roots cannot reach, or it is directly lost through surface runoff. This not only causes direct economic losses but also leads to serious environmental problems, such as eutrophication of water bodies. When seedlings need nutrients, fertilizer loss prevents plants from fully absorbing the nutrients, greatly reducing fertilizer utilization. Therefore, we propose a perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer and its preparation method to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer and its preparation method, solving two major drawbacks of traditional fertilizers: Firstly, the fertilizer does not require a large amount of nutrients at the time of sowing; secondly, highly water-soluble nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are easily leached away by irrigation or rainfall, or lost through surface runoff, resulting in low fertilizer utilization; and thirdly, when seedlings need nutrients, the fertilizer has already been lost, thus preventing plants from fully absorbing the nutrients and greatly reducing fertilizer utilization.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of chemical fertilizer, 5-20 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 5-20 parts of potassium fertilizer, 20-50 parts of water, and 10-40 parts of perlite.

[0006] Preferably, the fertilizer is one of urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate.

[0007] Preferably, the phosphate fertilizer is one of superphosphate, triple superphosphate, and diammonium phosphate.

[0008] Preferably, the potassium fertilizer is one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate.

[0009] Preferably, the perlite has a particle size of 2-5 mm and a porous structure, which is used for adsorbing and slow-releasing fertilizer nutrients.

[0010] Preferably, the perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer also includes manure granules.

[0011] This invention provides a method for preparing perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer, which includes the following steps:

[0012] S1. Add chemical fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer to water according to the ratio, and stir until completely dissolved to form a mixed fertilizer;

[0013] S2. Add the appropriate amount of perlite to the mixed fertilizer solution and stir thoroughly to ensure that the perlite evenly absorbs the mixed fertilizer.

[0014] S3. Let the adsorbed mixture stand at room temperature for 12-48 hours until the perlite fully absorbs the fertilizer solution and forms granular fertilizer.

[0015] S4. The aged product is dried to control the moisture content between 10% and 20%, thus obtaining the perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, the perlite is pretreated before being added to the mixed fertilizer solution, including washing, dust removal and pre-wetting treatment, to enhance its adsorption capacity.

[0017] Preferably, in step S4, the drying process is natural air drying or low-temperature drying, with the drying temperature controlled at 40-60℃.

[0018] Beneficial effects

[0019] This invention provides a perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer and its preparation method. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages:

[0020] This perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer and its preparation method effectively adsorb and fix easily soluble nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium by using porous perlite as a fertilizer carrier. This effectively solves the core problem of low fertilizer utilization rate. It significantly reduces the leaching and runoff loss of easily soluble nutrients such as nitrogen and potassium in the early stage of crop growth, ensuring that the fertilizer can be fully absorbed during the critical period of seedling nutrient demand. This not only greatly improves fertilizer utilization rate and reduces agricultural production costs, but also reduces environmental pressures such as eutrophication of water bodies caused by nutrient loss from the source. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the preparation method of the perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown:

[0024] A perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts chemical fertilizer, 5-20 parts phosphate fertilizer, 5-20 parts potassium fertilizer, 20-50 parts water, and 10-40 parts perlite.

[0025] The fertilizer is one of urea, ammonium sulfate, or ammonium nitrate.

[0026] The phosphate fertilizer is one of superphosphate, triple superphosphate, or diammonium phosphate;

[0027] Potassium fertilizer is one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, or potassium nitrate.

[0028] Example 1:

[0029] A water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer made of perlite is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts urea, 7.5 parts superphosphate, 7.5 parts potassium sulfate, 25 parts water, and 10 parts perlite with a particle size of 3 mm.

[0030] This invention provides a method for preparing a water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer made from perlite, comprising the following steps;

[0031] S1. Add 15 parts urea, 7.5 parts superphosphate and 7.5 parts potassium sulfate to 25 parts water and stir until completely dissolved to form a uniform mixed fertilizer solution.

[0032] S2. Add 10 portions of washed, dust-removed and pre-wetted perlite to the above mixed fertilizer solution and stir thoroughly for 45 minutes to allow the perlite particles to evenly absorb the mixed fertilizer solution.

[0033] S3. Let the adsorbed mixture stand at room temperature for 24 hours to allow the perlite to fully absorb the fertilizer solution.

[0034] S4. Dry the aged product at a low temperature of 50℃, and control the moisture content of the final product to about 15%, thus obtaining granular perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer.

[0035] Example 2:

[0036] A water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer made of perlite is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts ammonium nitrate, 10 parts diammonium phosphate, 10 parts potassium chloride, 30 parts water, and 10 parts perlite with a particle size of 3 mm.

[0037] This invention provides a method for preparing a water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer made from perlite, comprising the following steps;

[0038] S1. Add 25 parts ammonium nitrate, 10 parts diammonium phosphate and 10 parts potassium chloride to 30 parts water and stir until completely dissolved to form a uniform mixed fertilizer solution.

[0039] S2. Add 10 portions of washed, dust-removed and pre-wetted perlite to the mixed fertilizer solution and stir thoroughly for 45 minutes to allow the perlite particles to evenly absorb the mixed fertilizer solution.

[0040] S3. Let the adsorbed mixture stand at room temperature for 24 hours to allow the perlite to fully absorb the fertilizer solution.

[0041] S4. Dry the aged product at a low temperature of 50℃, and control the moisture content of the final product to about 15%, thus obtaining granular perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer.

[0042] Example 3:

[0043] A water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer made of perlite is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts ammonium nitrate, 10 parts diammonium phosphate, 10 parts potassium chloride, 30 parts water, 10 parts perlite with a particle size of 3 mm, and 15 parts household fertilizer granules.

[0044] This invention provides a method for preparing a water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer made from perlite, comprising the following steps;

[0045] S1. Add 25 parts ammonium nitrate, 10 parts diammonium phosphate and 10 parts potassium chloride to 35 parts water and stir until completely dissolved to form a uniform mixed fertilizer solution.

[0046] S2. Add 10 portions of washed, dust-removed and pre-wetted perlite to the mixed fertilizer solution prepared in step S1, and stir thoroughly for 45 minutes to ensure that the perlite particles are uniform and fully absorb the mixed fertilizer solution.

[0047] S3. Add 15 parts of manure granules to the mixture obtained in step S2, and gently stir for 20 minutes to ensure that the manure granules are evenly mixed with the perlite that has absorbed the fertilizer solution. Then, let the mixture stand at room temperature for 24 hours to age. This process not only allows the perlite to continue absorbing the fertilizer solution, but also facilitates the initial and gentle interaction between the beneficial microbial community in the manure granules and the inorganic nutrients.

[0048] S4. The aged product is dried at a low temperature of 50℃. This temperature can effectively remove excess moisture without killing most of the beneficial microorganisms in the manure granules. The moisture content of the final product is controlled at about 15%, which yields a granular slow-release fertilizer rich in organic matter that has both water and fertilizer retention and soil improvement functions.

[0049] This solution, by adding manure granules, transforms the fertilizer from a simple nutrient mixture into a self-regulating, continuously fertilizing, and soil-improving micro-ecosystem, thus truly and better realizing the role of compound fertilizer.

[0050] The working principle is as follows: using pretreated porous perlite as the core carrier, its huge specific surface area and rich pore structure can absorb a large amount of mixed fertilizer solution made of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer like a "sponge". Through the aging process, the fertilizer solution is fully absorbed and fixed inside the perlite. After being applied to the soil, the nutrients in the perlite carrier will not be washed away by water quickly, but will be slowly released under the action of water, root exudates and microorganisms, thereby achieving the purpose of long-term effect, slow release, water retention and prevention of loss.

[0051] This invention, by using porous perlite as a fertilizer carrier, effectively adsorbs and fixes easily soluble nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium, effectively solving the core problem of low fertilizer utilization. It significantly reduces the leaching and runoff loss of easily soluble nutrients such as nitrogen and potassium in the early stage of crop growth, ensuring that fertilizer can be fully absorbed during the critical period of seedling nutrient demand. This not only greatly improves fertilizer utilization and reduces agricultural production costs, but also alleviates environmental pressures such as eutrophication of water bodies caused by nutrient loss from the source.

[0052] It should be noted that: when fertilizing in front of the seeder and sowing in the back, the fertilizer should be distributed to both sides of the seed at the same depth to ensure full utilization. When sowing in the middle, the fertilizer is placed in the middle of the seed. Therefore, fertilizing with a seeder can greatly improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perlite water and fertilizer retaining slow-release fertilizer, characterized by, The fertilizer is prepared from the following components by weight parts: chemical fertilizer 10-30 parts, phosphorus fertilizer 5-20 parts, potassium fertilizer 5-20 parts, water 20-50 parts, and perlite 10-40 parts.

2. The perlite water and fertilizer retaining slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chemical fertilizer is one of urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate.

3. The perlite water and fertilizer retaining slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphorus fertilizer is one of superphosphoric acid calcium, heavy superphosphoric acid calcium, and diammonium phosphate.

4. The perlite water and fertilizer retaining slow release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potassium fertilizer is one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate.

5. The perlite water and fertilizer retaining slow release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the perlite is 2-5 mm, and the perlite has a porous structure for adsorbing and slowly releasing the fertilizer.

6. The perlite water and fertilizer retaining slow release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer also includes household fertilizer particles.

7. A method for preparing the perlite water and fertilizer retaining slow-release fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, adding the chemical fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer into water according to the ratio, stirring until completely dissolved, and forming a mixed fertilizer; S2, adding a matching amount of perlite into the mixed fertilizer liquid, fully stirring, and making the perlite uniformly adsorb the mixed fertilizer; S3, placing the adsorbed mixture at room temperature for aging for 12-48 hours until the perlite fully absorbs the fertilizer liquid and forms a granular fertilizer; S4, drying the aged product, controlling the water content to be between 10%-20%, and obtaining the perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer.

8. The method for preparing perlite water and fertilizer retarding release fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S2, the perlite is pretreated before being added into the mixed fertilizer liquid, including cleaning, dust removal, and pre-wetting treatment, to enhance the adsorption capacity.

9. The method for preparing perlite water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining slow-release fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S4, the drying treatment is natural air drying or low-temperature drying, and the drying temperature is controlled to be 40-60℃.

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