Zingiber striolatum Diels-parasite expelling plant intercropping layout optimization method

Abstract

The invention discloses a zingiber striolatum diels-desinsectization plant intercropping layout optimization method, which comprises the following steps: S1, land selection and preparation: selecting a land suitable for the growth of zingiber striolatum diels and desinsectization plants, turning over the land, and applying a base fertilizer which is formed by mixing decomposed farmyard manure and calcium superphosphate according to a mass ratio of 5: 1; the zingiber striolatum diels variety is a local good variety with the growth cycle of 3-4 years and high lodging resistance, and the insect repelling plant variety is a plant variety with the insect repelling spectrum covering main plant diseases and insect pests of zingiber striolatum diels and the growth height smaller than or equal to 60 cm. The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. According to the zingiber striolatum diels-desinsectization plant intercropping layout optimization method, a wide-narrow row intercropping mode is adopted, common growth of zingiber striolatum diels and desinsectization plants is achieved on limited land, the land utilization rate of unit area is increased, meanwhile, the desinsectization plants such as mint, houttuynia cordata or pyrethrum can serve as additional commercial crops to be harvested, the agricultural output is increased, and the economic benefit is increased. The economic benefits of farmers are obviously improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, in particular to a layout optimization method for interplanting and intercropping of Zingiber strioatum and insect-repelling plants. BACKGROUND

[0002] The patent with the name of a planting method of Zingiber strioatum (authorized publication number: CN106717837A, authorized publication date: May 31, 2017) comprises the following steps: step one, site selection: selecting low mountains, using underground stems for reproduction, from the middle and late November to February of the next year, setting up planting holes, placing the underground stems on the planting device, the planting device is a hollow ellipsoidal elastic device provided with a plurality of vertical hole, the planting device is provided with 0.3-0.5 m thick mixture of rabbit manure organic fertilizer and expanded perlite, the tuber is placed on the upper part of the planting device, the bud faces upward, and the soil is irrigated with 5-8% concentration of water and manure; fertilization and irrigation, pest control: during the occurrence of pests, the essential oil containing volatile gas extracted from Zingiber strioatum is mixed with water and sprayed on the Zingiber strioatum plants; step five, harvesting: the edible parts of Zingiber strioatum are tender buds, flower vines and underground stems, and the harvesting periods are different, Zingiber strioatum is planted by using the planting device and the insect-repelling gas from Zingiber strioatum itself, so as to solve the problem of low yield of Zingiber strioatum planted in low mountains in the prior art.

[0003] Based on the above-mentioned document: with the rapid development of modern agriculture, the single crop planting mode gradually exposes the problems of low resource utilization efficiency, great difficulty in pest control and easy destruction of ecological environment, Zingiber strioatum is an important economic crop, and its planting process is often attacked by various diseases and pests, common diseases and pests are aphid, root rot pathogen, which seriously affects the growth and development of Zingiber strioatum, once attacked by aphid, the leaves of Zingiber strioatum will curl and shrink, the photosynthesis is hindered, the plant growth is slow, and the yield is reduced; and the root rot pathogen will attack the root system of Zingiber strioatum, the root will rot, the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients will decrease, and in severe cases, the plant will die, which brings huge economic losses to the growers.

[0004] In recent years, intercropping as an ecological agricultural technology, through the synergies between different crops, can effectively optimize the field ecological environment, improve resource utilization efficiency, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, especially intercropping with Zingiber strioatum and insect-repellent plants, using the repellent effect of volatile substances released by insect-repellent plants on pests and the inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria, can significantly reduce the incidence of pests and diseases, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and achieve green and safe agricultural production, however, the current research on intercropping of Zingiber strioatum and insect-repellent plants is still in its infancy, and there is a lack of systematic planting technology specifications and optimized layout design, the selection of insect-repellent plants, planting density and field management in the prior art lack scientific basis, resulting in unsatisfactory intercropping effect, and it is difficult to achieve the expected pest control and yield improvement goal, therefore, the present application provides a Zingiber strioatum-insect-repellent plant intercropping layout optimization method. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a Zingiber strioatum-insect-repellent plant intercropping layout optimization method, which solves the problems of relying on chemical control of pests and diseases, low land resource utilization rate and non-standard intercropping technology in the current Zingiber strioatum planting.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is implemented by the following technical scheme: a Zingiber strioatum-insect-repellent plant intercropping layout optimization method, comprising the following steps: S1, site selection and land preparation: selecting land suitable for the growth of Zingiber strioatum and insect-repellent plants, ploughing the land and applying base fertilizer, the base fertilizer is mixed by 5:1 of mature farmyard manure and superphosphate according to mass ratio; S2, variety selection: the Zingiber strioatum variety is selected to be a local excellent variety with a growth cycle of 3-4 years, strong resistance to lodging, and the insect-repellent plant variety is selected to be a plant variety with a growth height of less than or equal to 60cm and covering the main pests and diseases of Zingiber strioatum; S3, intercropping layout design: adopting a wide and narrow row planting mode, interplanting insect-repellent plants in the wide row and interplanting Zingiber strioatum in the narrow row; S4, Zingiber strioatum and insect-repellent plant planting: Zingiber strioatum is propagated by underground stem, and insect-repellent plants are propagated by seed direct sowing or cutting; S5, field management: after planting, irrigation is carried out according to the soil moisture content, Zingiber strioatum is fertilized in stages during growth, regular intertillage and weeding are carried out, and the occurrence of pests and diseases is monitored, and the natural insect-repellent of insect-repellent plants or biological control means is used for auxiliary control in combination with the occurrence degree of pests and diseases.

[0007] Preferably, the land in S1 is loam or sandy loam land with a pH value of 5.5-7.5 and an organic matter content of greater than or equal to 1.5%, and the ploughing depth is 25-35cm.

[0008] Preferably, the base fertilizer is used in an amount of 2000-3000 kg per mu, and simultaneously, drainage ditches with a depth of 40-50 cm, a width of 30-40 cm and a spacing of 10-15 cm are excavated.

[0009] Preferably, the S2 is at least one of mint, houttuynia cordata or pyrethrum, and the insect repellent spectrum covers aphids and root rot pathogenic bacteria.

[0010] Preferably, in the S3, the wide row spacing is 80-100 cm, the narrow row spacing is 40-50 cm, the spacing of yinhe is 30-40 cm, the spacing of the insect repellent plant is 15-20 cm, the insect repellent plant is planted in double rows in the wide row, and the double row spacing is 20-25 cm and the distance from the narrow row yinhe is 30-35 cm.

[0011] Preferably, in the S4, the yinhe underground stem is soaked in 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid for 15-20 minutes for disinfection before planting, the planting depth is 8-12 cm, the insect repellent plant seeds are soaked in 30℃ warm water for 2-3 hours for germination before direct seeding, the planting depth is 1-2 cm, and when cutting propagation is performed, 8-12 cm healthy branches are selected, and the cutting depth is 3-5 cm.

[0012] Preferably, in the S5, irrigation needs to keep the soil water content at 60%-70% of the maximum field water holding capacity, and 2-3 times of fertilizer is applied during the growth of yinhe, 10-15 kg of urea per mu is applied 15-20 days after germination, 20-25 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu is applied during the tillering period, 8-12 kg of dihydrogen potassium phosphate per mu is applied during the budding period, and the weeds are removed once every 20-30 days by 5-8 cm deep cultivation, and the roots are not damaged during the cultivation, and the weeds are removed from the planting plot in time after the cultivation to prevent the weeds from rotting and breeding diseases and pests.

[0013] Preferably, in the S5, the biological control means includes releasing natural enemy insects and applying biological pesticides, the release amount of seven-star ladybugs is 1000-1500 per mu, the release amount of aphid wasps is 800-1200 per mu, and the biological pesticide is 0.3% sophoramine aqueous agent 800-1000 times liquid or 10% liuyang mycin emulsifiable concentrate 1500-2000 times liquid.

[0014] Advantages The application provides a yinhe-insect repellent plant intercropping and interplanting layout optimization method. 1. The yinhe-insect repellent plant intercropping and interplanting layout optimization method adopts a wide-narrow row intercropping and interplanting mode, realizes the common growth of yinhe and insect repellent plants on limited land, improves the land utilization rate per unit area, at the same time, the insect repellent plants such as mint, houttuynia cordata or pyrethrum can be collected as additional economic crops to increase agricultural output and significantly improve the economic benefits of farmers.

[0015] 2、The sun-gourd-pest-repelling plant intercropping layout optimization method utilizes the fact that peppermint, houttuynia cordata or chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium can continuously release volatile substances during growth, which can specifically repel aphids and inhibit the reproduction of root rot pathogenic bacteria, reducing pest feeding and disease infection, and cooperating with biological control methods to reduce the use of chemical pesticides throughout the process, reduce pesticide residues in sun-gourd products, meet the needs of consumers for green and healthy food, and protect the ecological environment in the field and maintain ecological balance.

[0016] 3、The sun-gourd-pest-repelling plant intercropping layout optimization method provides suitable soil conditions, light and nutrients for the growth of sun-gourd by scientific site selection, soil preparation, variety selection and field management, and the wide-narrow row layout avoids competition for resources between sun-gourd and pest-repelling plants, ensuring the healthy growth of sun-gourd plants, improving the yield per mu of sun-gourd, and improving the tuber fullness and active ingredient content, enhancing the market competitiveness of sun-gourd products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The sun-gourd-pest-repelling plant intercropping layout optimization method flow chart. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0019] Please refer to Figure 1 The present application provides a technical solution: A sun-gourd-pest-repelling plant intercropping layout optimization method, comprising the following steps: S1, site selection and soil preparation: selecting land suitable for the growth of sun-gourd and pest-repelling plants, plowing the land and applying base fertilizer, the base fertilizer being mixed by 5 parts of well-rotted farmyard manure and 1 part of superphosphate according to mass ratio; S2, variety selection: selecting a local excellent variety with a growth cycle of 3-4 years and strong resistance to lodging for sun-gourd, and selecting a plant variety with a growth height of less than or equal to 60 cm for pest-repelling plants, the pest-repelling spectrum of which covers the main pests and diseases of sun-gourd; S3, interplanting layout design: adopting a wide-narrow row planting mode, planting pest-repelling plants in the wide rows and planting sun-gourd in the narrow rows; S4, planting of sun-gourd and pest-repelling plants: sun-gourd is propagated by underground stems, and pest-repelling plants are propagated by seed direct sowing or cutting; S5, field management: after planting, irrigation according to soil moisture, stage fertilization during the growth of Yanghe, regular intertillage and weeding, and monitoring the occurrence of diseases and pests, combined with the degree of occurrence of diseases and pests, using natural repellent or biological control means to assist in prevention and control.

[0020] When the repellent plant variety is a mixture of peppermint and houttuynia cordata, the planting ratio of peppermint and houttuynia cordata is 2:1, and the mixed repellent plants are evenly distributed in the wide rows; The wide and narrow row intercropping mode is adopted to realize the common growth of Yanghe and repellent plants on limited land, improve the land utilization rate per unit area, at the same time, peppermint, houttuynia cordata or chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium can be used as additional economic crops for harvesting, increasing agricultural output and significantly improving the economic benefits of farmers.

[0021] The repellent plants can continuously release volatile substances during growth, which can specifically repel aphids and inhibit the reproduction of root rot pathogens, reduce pest feeding and disease infection, and cooperate with biological control means to reduce the use of chemical pesticides throughout the process, reduce pesticide residues in Yanghe products, meet the needs of consumers for green and healthy food, and protect the ecological environment in the field and maintain ecological balance.

[0022] In this embodiment, the land in S1 is a soil or sandy soil land with pH value of 5.5-7.5 and organic matter content of ≥1.5%, and the plowing depth is 25-35cm.

[0023] The reason for choosing the land with pH value of 5.5-7.5 is that the root system of Yanghe has the highest absorption efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in this range of acidity, and lower than 5.5 will hinder the development of root system, and higher than 7.5 will reduce the availability of trace elements such as iron and zinc; The organic matter content of ≥1.5% can ensure the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil to avoid the phenomenon of Yanghe growth in the later period, and at the same time, the base fertilizer 5:1 ratio provides long-term organic matter according to the mature farmyard manure, and the calcium superphosphate supplements phosphorus elements. This ratio can match the demand of Yanghe underground stem development for phosphorus elements and reduce the malformation rate of tubers.

[0024] In this embodiment, the amount of base fertilizer is 2000-3000kg / acre, and the drainage ditch with a depth of 40-50cm, a width of 30-40cm and a spacing of 10-15cm is excavated.

[0025] In this embodiment, the repellent plant in S2 is at least one of peppermint, houttuynia cordata or chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, and the repellent spectrum covers aphids and root rot pathogens.

[0026] In this embodiment, the wide row spacing of S3 is 80-100 cm, the narrow row spacing is 40-50 cm, the spacing of Yanghe is 30-40 cm, and the spacing of the insect-repelling plant is 15-20 cm. The insect-repelling plant is planted in double rows in the wide row, and the distance between the double rows is 20-25 cm, and the distance between the insect-repelling plant and the Yanghe in the narrow row is 30-35 cm.

[0027] The wide row spacing of 80-100 cm facilitates field work and provides sufficient space for the growth of the insect-repelling plant. The narrow row spacing of 40-50 cm ensures the planting density of Yanghe (about 3500-4000 plants per mu), which meets the requirements of reasonable density planting of Yanghe, avoids land waste due to excessively wide row spacing, and prevents poor ventilation and high disease incidence between plants due to excessively narrow row spacing. The double-row insect-repelling plant layout advantage is that double-row planting can form an "insect-repelling plant belt", which expands the coverage of volatile substances and improves the protection rate of Yanghe from pests and diseases compared to single-row planting. The distance between the double rows is 20-25 cm, which can prevent overcrowding of the insect-repelling plant and ensure the growth of individual plants. In this embodiment, the underground stems of Yanghe in S4 are soaked in 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid for 15-20 minutes before planting, with a planting depth of 8-12 cm. The seeds of the insect-repelling plant are soaked in warm water at 30°C for 2-3 hours to accelerate germination before direct seeding, with a seeding depth of 1-2 cm. When propagating by cuttage, select 8-12 cm healthy branches, and the cutting depth is 3-5 cm.

[0028] In this embodiment, S5 requires that the soil moisture content during irrigation be maintained at 60%-70% of the maximum field water holding capacity. During the growth of Yanghe, apply 2-3 times of fertilizer. After emergence, apply 10-15 kg of urea per mu 15-20 days later, 20-25 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer per mu during the tillering stage, and 8-12 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu during the budding stage. Cultivate and weed once every 20-30 days, with a cultivation depth of 5-8 cm. Avoid damaging the root system during cultivation. After cultivation, remove weeds from the planting area in time to prevent the growth of disease and pests.

[0029] When cultivating and weeding, avoid damaging the root systems of Yanghe and the insect-repelling plant. After cultivation, remove weeds from the planting area in time to prevent the growth of disease and pests. In this embodiment, the biological control methods in S5 include releasing natural enemy insects and applying biological pesticides. The release amount of Coccinella septempunctata is 1000-1500 heads per mu, and the release amount of Aphidiidae is 800-1200 heads per mu. The biological pesticide is 0.3% sophoramine water 800-1000 times liquid or 10% Liuyang mycin emulsion 1500-2000 times liquid.

[0030] Through scientific site selection, soil preparation, variety selection and field management, suitable soil conditions, light and nutrients are provided for the growth of Yanghe, and the wide and narrow row layout avoids the competition for resources between Yanghe and insect-repelling plants, ensuring the healthy growth of Yanghe plants, improving the yield per mu of Yanghe, and improving the tuber fullness and active ingredient content, and enhancing the market competitiveness of Yanghe products.

[0031] Meanwhile, the contents not described in detail in the specification all belong to the prior art known by those skilled in the art.

[0032] It should be noted that, in this text, the relationship terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between the entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "contain" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or equipment.

[0033] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the layout of intercropping of Icycium carnaticum and Artemisia vulgaris, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting and land preparation: selecting land suitable for the growth of Yanghe and insect-repelling plants, ploughing the land and applying base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is mixed from mature farmyard manure and superphosphate according to a mass ratio of 5:1; S2, variety selection: selecting a local excellent variety of Yanghe with a growth period of 3-4 years and strong resistance to lodging, and selecting a plant variety of insect-repelling plants with an insect-repelling spectrum covering main diseases and insect pests of Yanghe and a growth height of ≤60 cm; S3, layout design of interplanting: adopting a wide-narrow row planting mode, interplanting insect-repelling plants in wide rows and interplanting Yanghe in narrow rows; S4, interplanting of Yanghe and insect-repelling plants: Yanghe is propagated by underground stems, and insect-repelling plants are propagated by seed direct sowing or cutting; S5, field management: after planting, irrigation is performed according to soil moisture conditions, fertilizer is applied in stages during the growth period of Yanghe, regular intertillage and weeding are performed, and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is monitored, and natural insect-repelling of insect-repelling plants or biological control means are used for auxiliary control according to the occurrence degree of diseases and insect pests.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The land in S1 is loam or sandy loam land with a pH value of 5.5-7.5 and an organic matter content of ≥1.5%, and the ploughing depth is 25-35 cm.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that: The base fertilizer in S1 is used in an amount of 2000-3000 kg / mu, and a drainage ditch with a depth of 40-50 cm, a width of 30-40 cm and a spacing of 10-15 cm is excavated.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The insect-repelling plants in S2 are at least one of mint, houttuynia cordata or chrysanthemum, and the insect-repelling spectrum covers aphid, root rot pathogen.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that: In S3, the row spacing of wide rows is 80-100 cm, the row spacing of narrow rows is 40-50 cm, the plant spacing of Yanghe is 30-40 cm, the plant spacing of insect-repelling plants is 15-20 cm, the insect-repelling plants in wide rows are planted in double rows with a spacing of 20-25 cm and a distance of 30-35 cm from Yanghe in narrow rows.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that: In S4, the underground stems of Yanghe are soaked in 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid for 15-20 minutes for disinfection before planting, the planting depth is 8-12 cm, the seeds of insect-repelling plants are soaked in 30°C warm water for 2-3 hours for germination before direct sowing, the sowing depth is 1-2 cm, and when cutting is used for propagation, 8-12 cm healthy branches are selected, and the cutting depth is 3-5 cm.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that: In S5, irrigation is required to keep the soil water content at 60%-70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field, 2-3 times of fertilizer is applied during the growth period of Yanghe, 10-15 kg / mu of urea is applied 15-20 days after emergence, 20-25 kg / mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied at the tillering stage, 8-12 kg / mu of dihydrogen potassium phosphate is applied at the budding stage, intertillage and weeding are performed once every 20-30 days, the intertillage depth is 5-8 cm, the root system is avoided to be damaged during intertillage, weeds are removed from the planting plot in time after intertillage to prevent weeds from rotting and breeding diseases and insect pests.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that: In S5, the biological control means include releasing natural enemy insects and applying biological pesticides, the release amount of seven-star ladybugs is 1000-1500 heads / mu, the release amount of aphid wasp is 800-1200 heads / mu, and the biological pesticides are 0.3% sophoramine aqueous agent 800-1000 times liquid or 10% liuyang mycin emulsifiable concentrate 1500-2000 times liquid.

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