Continuous symbiotic cultivation method for cassava and dendrobium officinale

Abstract

The invention discloses a continuous symbiotic cultivation method for cassava and dendrobium officinale, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. According to the method, cassava is planted in a wide-row dense-plant mode (the row spacing is 180-210 cm, and the plant spacing is 50-80 cm), and space and illumination are reserved for growth of dendrobium officinale; in the middle stage of cassava growth, dendrobium officinale seedlings are directly fixed to stems of the lower middle portion (an epiphytic cultivation area, namely the area 30-120 cm away from the ground) of cassava through binding bands, culture media and sphagna, and wild-imitating cultivation is conducted; the growth of the dendrobium officinale is ensured through micro-spraying moisturizing and foliage dressing; finally, the problems of continuous growth and overwintering of the dendrobium officinale are solved in the mode that when cassava stems and leaves are harvested, stem vertical piles with the height of 130-150 cm are reserved and covered with a sunshade net. According to the method, the land utilization rate and economic output are greatly increased, the planted dendrobium officinale is excellent in quality and high in polysaccharide and effective component content, and the method is an efficient ecological farming mode worthy of popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-value agricultural ecological cultivation technology, specifically to a method for the continuous symbiotic cultivation of cassava and Dendrobium officinale. Background Technology

[0002] Dendrobium officinale ( Dendrobium oficinale Dendrobium officinale (Kimoides et Migo) is a precious traditional Chinese medicine with extremely high medicinal value and economic benefits. Traditionally, the cultivation of Dendrobium officinale is mainly divided into greenhouse cultivation and semi-wild cultivation. Greenhouse cultivation has high input costs and requires meticulous management, and the quality of Dendrobium officinale produced is often considered inferior to that of semi-wild cultivation; while semi-wild cultivation usually relies on forest trees or artificially constructed biomimetic environments, which has problems such as long cycle, difficulty in site selection, large initial investment, and unstable yield.

[0003] Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Cassava (Crantz) can be categorized into three types based on its applications: industrial, food, and feed, showing broad application prospects. Cassava can not only be used as a raw material for livestock and poultry compound feed but can also be applied in appropriate amounts to aquatic feed to improve the quality of finished feed, enhance animal digestibility of feed nutrients, and improve production performance. Cassava is rarely contaminated with aflatoxin or other mycotoxins in feed production, making it the most widely accepted and accepted energy feed. Furthermore, cassava stalks themselves are loose in texture, have good water retention and aeration, and are rich in mineral elements, theoretically making them a potentially excellent epiphytic substrate.

[0004] While there are reports of intercropping Dendrobium officinale with fruit trees and forest trees in existing technologies, there is no known method of symbiotic cultivation of Dendrobium officinale using live cassava as a host. Therefore, developing a new cultivation model that can quickly create a shading environment, coexist with Dendrobium officinale for a long time without interference, and generate dual economic benefits is of great significance for promoting the development of efficient ecological agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide an innovative method for the sustainable symbiotic cultivation of cassava and Dendrobium officinale. This method fundamentally changes the way cassava is used, transforming it into a perennial forage shrub. It fully utilizes the shaded space and humid microenvironment under the cassava bushes to create near-wild growth conditions for Dendrobium officinale, achieving an ecologically efficient planting model of "multiple uses of one plot of land, double yield and double harvest, combination of high and low yields, and complementary advantages," thereby improving quality and efficiency while saving land and costs.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: (1) Land preparation: 1-2 months before planting cassava, the planting land should be deeply plowed and sun-dried, then harrowed and leveled; fully decomposed farmyard manure and superphosphate should be applied as base fertilizer; ridges should be made according to the terrain to ensure smooth drainage.

[0007] (2) Cassava planting: The planting time is in spring (when the temperature is stable above 15℃). The planting pattern adopts the wide row and dense plant method to ensure ventilation and light penetration. Select healthy, plump buds from the middle and lower part of the stem as seed stems. After disinfecting the seed stems, plant them by direct insertion.

[0008] (3) Cassava management: Regular water and fertilizer management, timely pruning, leaving only one main stem. Cassava can be prepared for epiphytic Dendrobium officinale 3 to 4 months after planting.

[0009] (4) Preparation of Dendrobium officinale seedlings: Select Dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedlings with wide adaptability, strong resistance, high yield and well-developed root system. After hardening treatment, wash the culture medium, disinfect the Dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedlings and dry them for later use.

[0010] (5) Epiphytic cultivation: Epiphytic cultivation is carried out in spring (April to May) or autumn (September to October). Select the middle and lower part of the cassava stem, first remove the cassava petioles that have not yet fallen off naturally in the epiphytic area, then attach the roots of the Dendrobium officinale seedlings tightly to the epiphytic area of ​​the cassava stem, and fill the space between the Dendrobium officinale root ball and the cassava stem with cultivation substrate and moist sphagnum moss (the humidity should be such that it does not drip when squeezed by hand) to induce the aerial roots to adhere to the stem and keep it moist. Finally, use a fixing device to wrap and fix the Dendrobium officinale in the epiphytic area with appropriate tightness. After epiphytic cultivation, carry out routine water and nutrient management and prevent and control diseases and pests.

[0011] (6) Harvesting: The underground tubers of cassava are not harvested. Only the above-ground stems and leaves of cassava are harvested periodically as feed. Dendrobium officinale is harvested 2-3 years after planting in autumn or spring when it is sunny. When harvesting, mature stems are cut with scissors, while tender stems and bases are retained to continue to sprout and achieve continuous production.

[0012] Preferably, the depth of deep plowing and sun-drying in step (1) is 25-35cm.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), the amount of well-rotted farmyard manure applied is 1500-2000 kg / mu, and the amount of superphosphate applied is 30-50 kg / mu.

[0014] Preferably, in step (1), the width of the raised bed is 120-140cm, the width of the furrow is 30-40cm, and the depth of the furrow is 20-25cm. Preferably, in step (2), the spacing between plants in wide-row, dense-planting pattern is 180-210cm and the spacing between plants is 50-80cm.

[0015] Preferably, the density of cassava planted per mu in step (2) is 400 to 750 plants.

[0016] Preferably, in step (2), the length of the seed stem is 15-20cm, each segment of the seed stem has 3-5 buds, and the diameter of the seed stem is ≥3cm.

[0017] Preferably, the disinfection method in step (2) is to soak the fungicide or wood ash.

[0018] Preferably, the tissue culture seedlings in step (4) are 8-12 cm tall and have 3-4 leaves.

[0019] Preferably, the seedling hardening treatment in step (4) takes 5 to 7 days.

[0020] Preferably, the disinfection method in step (4) is: soaking in a carbendazim solution diluted 800 to 1000 times for 5 to 10 minutes.

[0021] Preferably, the thickness of the moistened sphagnum moss is 1 to 2 cm.

[0022] Preferably, in step (5), the epiphytic area refers to the area where the cassava stem is 30 to 120 cm above the ground.

[0023] Preferably, the cultivation substrate in step (5) is a mixture of bark, wood chips and coconut coir, wherein the volume ratio of bark, wood chips and coconut coir is 1:1:1 to 3:4:2.

[0024] More preferably, in step (5), the cultivation substrate is a mixture of bark, wood chips and coconut coir, wherein the volume ratio of bark, wood chips and coconut coir is 3:4:2.

[0025] Preferably, in step (5), each cassava stem can be used to surround and fix 3 to 5 clumps of Dendrobium officinale seedlings, with 3 to 5 seedlings per clump.

[0026] Preferably, the fixing material in step (5) is an environmentally friendly non-woven fabric strap or hemp rope.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation method for Dendrobium officinale, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) Significant economic benefits: It realizes "one piece of land, two harvests", and can stably harvest high-quality cassava stems and leaves feed 1-2 times a year. At the same time, Dendrobium officinale grows continuously in a stable environment, with high cumulative yield and good quality. The comprehensive economic benefits can be increased by more than 200%, far exceeding the traditional single planting model, which greatly improves the economic benefits per unit of land.

[0028] (2) Significant ecological benefits: Improves field ecology, the coexistence of two crops increases biodiversity and reduces the occurrence of single pests and diseases; the transpiration during the growth of cassava increases the air humidity in the space between rows, which just meets the needs of Dendrobium officinale for a high humidity environment. The two complement each other in the use of light, temperature, water and space resources; forming a stable perennial community reduces soil disturbance, which is conducive to soil and water conservation and the maintenance of soil fertility. It is an efficient ecological circular agriculture model.

[0029] (3) High value for promotion and application: The method has a clear technical route and is easy to operate. It has extremely high promotion value, especially in the vast cassava planting areas in southern my country, opening up new ways for farmers to increase their income.

[0030] (4) Quality advantages: Dendrobium officinale grows on living cassava, which is closest to its original epiphytic state. It receives diffused light and has good ventilation. Its morphology and accumulation of medicinal components are closer to wild quality, and its market value is higher. According to the test, the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale cultivated by the method of this invention can reach 32% to 35%, which is better than most greenhouse-grown products (usually 28% to 30%).

[0031] (5) Low cost: The tall cassava bushes provide natural shade for the shade-loving Dendrobium officinale, simulating its native environment, saving the expensive cost of building special supports or finding living trees. The cost of support materials and labor can be saved by more than 2,000 yuan per mu. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram (side view) of the symbiotic cultivation of cassava and Dendrobium officinale for feed in this invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram (three-dimensional view) of the symbiotic cultivation of cassava and Dendrobium officinale for feed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1 Experimental location: Nanning City, Guangxi Province; Experimental period: May 2023 to April 2024 A method for cultivating Dendrobium officinale includes the following steps: (1) Site selection and preparation: Select a sunny plot with an altitude of 300-800m, a slope of ≤15°, loose soil, and good drainage. The plot is acidic red soil. In March 2023, deep plowing and sun-drying of the soil will be carried out. The plowing depth is 25-35cm, and the soil will be harrowed and leveled. Apply 1500 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu and 50 kg of superphosphate per mu as base fertilizer. Make ridges according to the terrain. The ridge surface is 130cm wide, the ridge ditch is 35cm wide and the ditch is 20m deep to ensure smooth drainage.

[0036] (2) Cassava planting: On May 10, 2023, planting holes were dug with a row spacing of 180cm and a plant spacing of 60cm. The middle and lower stems of healthy "Guishu 1289" (upright plant type, variety right number: CNA20201001121) with plump buds were selected as seed stems and cut into small sections of 15-20cm in length. Each section was guaranteed to have 3-5 buds. After disinfection by soaking in carbendazim or wood ash, the stems were inserted into the holes by direct insertion. About 600 cassava plants were planted per mu for feed. 1000kg / mu of organic fertilizer was applied. After planting, routine water and fertilizer management was carried out. During the planting period, the branches were pruned in time, leaving only 1 main stem. Epiphytic Dendrobium officinale can be prepared 5 months after planting.

[0037] (3) Dendrobium officinale cultivation: Select Dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedlings with wide adaptability, strong resistance, high yield and well-developed root system (seedling height 8-12cm, with 3-4 leaves); after 5-7 days of hardening treatment, wash the culture medium, soak in 1000 times carbendazim solution for 5-10 minutes for disinfection, and dry for later use. On September 10, 2023, the cassava has grown to 160cm in height, with dense canopy in the upper and middle parts of the plant and petioles in the lower and middle parts naturally falling off; select vigorous cassava stems, wrap the roots of Dendrobium officinale seedlings with cultivation substrate and sphagnum moss, and then tie them firmly with hemp rope at a height of 30-120cm above the ground. Each cassava stem can be used to fix 3-5 clumps of Dendrobium officinale seedlings, with 3-5 seedlings in each clump.

[0038] (4) Daily management: Use drip irrigation and spray systems to maintain air humidity at 70% to 85%, spray 0.1% balanced water-soluble fertilizer once a month, and use manual capture to control snails and slugs.

[0039] (5) Cassava harvesting and subsequent management: On November 25, 2023, the above-ground stems and leaves of cassava were harvested, but the tubers were not harvested. The cassava stems were cut off from 150cm above the ground with a saw, leaving the uprights; a shade net with a shading rate of 60% was immediately erected above the plot; and water was sprayed every 3 to 5 days at noon during the winter.

[0040] The growth and yield of single-clump Dendrobium officinale are shown in Table 1, and the content of the main effective components of Dendrobium officinale is shown in Table 2.

[0041] Example 2 Experiment location: Nanning City, Guangxi Province.

[0042] A method for cultivating Dendrobium officinale includes the following steps: (1) Site selection and preparation: Select a sunny plot with an altitude of 300-800m, a slope of ≤15°, loose soil, and good drainage. The plot should be acidic sandy loam. In February 2023, deep plowing and sun-drying should be carried out. The plowing depth should be 25-35cm, and the soil should be harrowed and leveled. Apply 2000kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu and 30kg of superphosphate per mu as base fertilizer. Make ridges according to the terrain. The ridge surface should be 130cm wide, and the ridge ditch should be 35cm wide and 20m deep to ensure smooth drainage.

[0043] (2) Cassava planting: In March 2023, dig planting holes with a row spacing of 200cm and a plant spacing of 80cm. Select the middle and lower stems of healthy "Guishu 1203" (high-branched plant type, variety right number: CNA20201001458) with full buds as seed stems. Cut them into small sections of 15-20cm in length, ensuring that each section has 3-5 buds. After disinfection by soaking in carbendazim or wood ash, insert them into the holes using the direct insertion method. Plant about 350 cassava plants per mu for feed. Apply 2000kg / mu of well-rotted farmyard manure and 50kg of compound fertilizer (NPK:15-15-15). After planting, carry out routine water and fertilizer management. During the planting period, prune the branches in time, leaving only 1 main stem. After 4 months of planting, you can prepare epiphytic Dendrobium officinale.

[0044] (3) Dendrobium officinale cultivation: Select Dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedlings with wide adaptability, strong resistance, high yield and well-developed root system (seedling height 8-12cm, with 3-4 leaves); after 5-7 days of hardening treatment, wash the culture medium, soak in 1000 times carbendazim solution for 5-10 minutes for disinfection, and dry for later use. In July 2023, the cassava has grown to 150cm in height, with dense canopy in the upper and middle parts of the plant and petioles in the lower and middle parts naturally falling off; select vigorous cassava stems, wrap the roots of Dendrobium officinale seedlings with cultivation substrate and sphagnum moss, and then tie them firmly with hemp rope at a height of 30-120cm above the ground. Each cassava stem can be used to fix 3-5 clumps of Dendrobium officinale seedlings, with 3-5 seedlings in each clump.

[0045] (4) Daily management: Use drip irrigation and spray systems to maintain air humidity at 70% to 85%, spray 0.1% balanced water-soluble fertilizer once a month, and use manual capture to control snails and slugs.

[0046] (5) Cassava harvesting and subsequent management: In October 2023, the above-ground stems and leaves of cassava were harvested, but the tubers were not harvested. The cassava stems were cut off from 130cm above the ground with a saw, leaving the stumps. Immediately after harvesting, 20kg of urea per mu was applied as top dressing. A shade net with a shading rate of 70% was immediately erected above the plot. In winter, water was sprayed every 3 to 5 days at noon.

[0047] (6) Subsequent management: The buds left at the top of the cassava quickly sprout new branches, and the canopy is reformed after about a month. The above-ground parts are harvested once a year in April and October, and topdressing and shading management are carried out accordingly. Dendrobium officinale is fertilized with special slow-release fertilizer every spring.

[0048] The growth and yield of single-clump Dendrobium officinale are shown in Table 1, and the content of the main effective components of Dendrobium officinale is shown in Table 2.

[0049] Comparative Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that pine wood is used as the epiphytic material of Dendrobium officinale. The growth and yield of a single Dendrobium officinale clump are shown in Table 1, and the content of the main effective components of Dendrobium officinale is shown in Table 2.

[0050] Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 1, the difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that Chinese fir is used as the epiphytic material of Dendrobium officinale. The growth and yield of a single Dendrobium officinale clump are shown in Table 1, and the content of the main effective components of Dendrobium officinale is shown in Table 2.

[0051] Comparative Example 3 Dendrobium officinale was cultivated in a conventional greenhouse. The growth and yield of a single Dendrobium officinale clump are shown in Table 1, and the content of the main effective components of Dendrobium officinale is shown in Table 2.

[0052] Table 1 Comparison of growth and yield indicators of single-clump Dendrobium officinale under different planting patterns (mean ± standard deviation) Note: Different letters following the same row of data indicate significant differences at the p<0.05 level. (The same applies below) Growth data showed that the cassava stem group exhibited significantly better growth indicators than traditional epiphytic trees (pine and fir), particularly in the number of tillers and fresh weight per clump, exceeding the pine group by 26.8% and 26.5%, respectively. This indicates that the growth environment provided by cassava stems is more conducive to the vegetative growth and biomass accumulation of Dendrobium officinale. Compared with standardized greenhouse cultivation, Dendrobium officinale grown via cassava stem epiphytic cultivation showed comparable stem length and diameter, but still demonstrated advantages in tillering and fresh weight, proving its high-yield characteristics as an epiphytic cultivation substrate.

[0053] Table 2 Comparison of the content of main effective components of Dendrobium officinale under different planting methods (mean ± standard deviation) In terms of core medicinal components, the cassava stem group exhibited an overwhelming advantage. Its polysaccharide content reached 32.5%, significantly higher than both tree control groups (25.9% and 23.6% higher, respectively), and also significantly higher than the greenhouse-grown group. The extract content (an important indicator for evaluating the extraction efficiency or quality of effective components) and the contents of total flavonoids and total phenols also showed similar trends, with the cassava stem group having the highest levels or comparable to other groups. This indicates that using cassava stems for epiphytic cultivation of *Dendrobium officinale* can comprehensively and effectively improve its medicinal quality.

Claims

1. A method for the continuous symbiotic cultivation of cassava and Dendrobium officinale, characterized in that: Dendrobium officinale was epiphytically cultivated on cassava stems.

2. The method for continuous symbiotic cultivation of cassava and Dendrobium officinale according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Plant cassava. When the diameter of the main stem of the cassava is ≥3cm, plant Dendrobium officinale epiphytically in the epiphytic area of ​​the cassava stem. First, remove the cassava petioles that have not yet fallen off naturally in the epiphytic area. Then, press the roots of the Dendrobium officinale seedlings tightly against the cassava stem. At the same time, fill the space between the Dendrobium officinale root ball and the cassava stem with cultivation substrate and moist sphagnum moss. Use a fixing device to wrap and fix the Dendrobium officinale to the epiphytic area on the cassava stem.

3. The method for continuous symbiotic cultivation of cassava and Dendrobium officinale according to claim 2, characterized in that: When planting cassava, the row spacing should be 180-210cm and the plant spacing should be 50-80cm.

4. The method for continuous symbiotic cultivation of cassava and Dendrobium officinale according to claim 2, characterized in that: Epiphytic areas refer to the areas where the cassava stems are 30 to 120 cm above the ground.

5. The method for continuous symbiotic cultivation of cassava and Dendrobium officinale according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cultivation substrate is a mixture of bark, sawdust, and coconut coir, with the optimal volume ratio of bark, sawdust, and coconut coir being 1:1:1 to 3:4:

2.

6. The method for continuous symbiotic cultivation of cassava and Dendrobium officinale according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing material is non-woven fabric straps or hemp rope.

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