Storage forklift

Abstract

The invention discloses a storage forklift and relates to the technical field of logistics storage, the storage forklift comprises a lifting assembly, a movable base, a movable support and a driving mechanism, the movable support comprises a portal, a fork assembly, a supporting assembly and a lifting mechanism, and the supporting assembly comprises a supporting frame and first supporting wheels installed on the supporting frame; the lifting assembly comprises a lifting part, an abutting part and a floating elastic part, when the supporting frame is in the retraction state, the abutting part abuts against the lifting part, and the floating elastic part is arranged in the mode that when the load of the pallet fork assembly is smaller than a preset value N, the weight of the movable support and the pressure generated by the load of the movable support on the lifting part are smaller than the elastic force of the floating elastic part; when the load of the fork assembly is larger than a preset value N, the weight of the movable support and the pressure generated by the load of the movable support on the lifting piece are larger than the elastic force of the floating elastic piece. According to the storage forklift, through mechanical balance of the floating elastic piece and the load of the pallet fork, self-adaptive switching of the grounding state of the supporting wheels is achieved, and light-load moving flexibility and heavy-load supporting stability are both considered.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of logistics warehousing, and in particular to a warehousing forklift. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core equipment for cargo handling in the logistics and warehousing scene, the warehousing forklift is widely used in warehouses, workshops, and logistics transfer stations, etc. Its operation stability and mobile flexibility directly affect the efficiency of warehousing logistics. During the cargo handling process, the outrigger (support assembly) of the forklift needs to realize the function switching of extension support and retraction movement: when extended, the support wheel shares the load at the front end of the fork to avoid side overturning caused by the shift of the center of gravity; when retracted, the support wheel needs to be lifted off the ground to avoid interference with ground obstacles and ensure the flexible movement of the forklift.

[0003] There are various outrigger folding structures in the prior art. For example, the Chinese utility model patent authorized publication No. CN222312648U (authorized publication date January 7, 2025) discloses an outrigger folding structure, a cargo taking device, and a forklift. The outrigger folding structure realizes the functions of gradually grounding the supporting wheel when the outrigger is extended and gradually lifting the supporting wheel off the ground when the outrigger is retracted by setting a first inclined surface on the bottom surface of the outrigger and cooperating with the guide wheel in the containing space. However, this technical solution still has the following obvious deficiencies: 1. Insufficient support stability adaptation: the folding of the outrigger only relies on the mechanical hard cooperation of the inclined surface and the guide wheel to achieve the function, without considering the influence of the load change of the fork on the support stability. When the fork carries heavy objects, if the supporting wheel is lifted during the retraction of the outrigger, the fork and the heavy objects will shake, and even cause the forklift to overturn, which seriously affects the operation safety. 2. Driving load and energy consumption problems are prominent: when the outrigger is retracted, the driving mechanism needs to overcome the weight of the fork itself and the weight of the cargo to lift the outrigger. Especially in the case of heavy load, the driving mechanism must provide additional driving force to lift the fork and the cargo to retract the outrigger, which makes the driving load large and the energy consumption high, and at the same time accelerates the wear of the parts and reduces the service life of the equipment. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a warehousing forklift, which realizes adaptive switching of the support wheel grounding state through the mechanical balance of the floating elastic member and the load of the fork, and takes into account the mobile flexibility of light load and the support stability of heavy load.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the following technical solutions are adopted in the present application: A warehouse forklift includes a movable base, a movable support connected to the movable base, and a drive mechanism for driving the movable support to move laterally relative to the movable base. The movable support includes a mast, a fork assembly liftably connected to the mast, a support assembly fixed to the mast, and a lifting mechanism for driving the fork assembly to move up and down relative to the mast. The fork assembly includes fork teeth for supporting and lifting goods. The support assembly includes a support frame and first support wheels mounted on the support frame. The support frame has an extended state relative to the movable base and a retracted state. It also includes a lifting assembly, which includes a lifting member, a clamping member, and a floating elastic member. The floating elastic member is installed in one of the movable base and the support frame, and the clamping member is installed in the other of the movable base and the support frame. The lifting member is connected to the floating elastic member and has a first position and a second position. The elastic force of the floating elastic member causes the lifting member to tend to move towards the second position. When the support frame is in the retracted state, the clamping member abuts against the lifting member. The floating elastic element is configured as follows: When the support frame is in the retracted state and the load on the fork assembly is less than the preset value N, the pressure exerted by the weight and load of the moving bracket on the lifting component is less than the elastic force of the floating elastic component. The floating elastic component drives the lifting component to move to the second position, and the lifting component lifts the support frame so that the first support wheel is off the ground. When the support frame is in the retracted state and the load on the fork assembly is greater than the preset value N, the pressure exerted by the weight of the moving bracket and its load on the lifting component is greater than the elastic force of the floating elastic component. The support frame overcomes the elastic force of the floating elastic component, causing the first support wheel to contact the ground.

[0006] In the above technical solution, the lifting component can lift the support frame when it is in the retracted state, so that the first support wheel is off the ground, making it easy for the mobile base to move flexibly; when the support frame is in the extended state, the lifting component releases the support frame and makes the first support wheel abut the ground, sharing the load at the front end of the fork assembly, improving operational stability, and avoiding the risk of tipping over due to the shift of the center of gravity.

[0007] The working principle of the warehouse forklift in the above technical solution is as follows: After the moving base moves to the target position, first ensure that the height of the fork teeth on the fork assembly is lower than the goods. Then, activate the drive mechanism to push the moving bracket to move laterally relative to the moving base, realizing the extension operation of the fork assembly and support assembly, and switching the support frame from the retracted state to the extended state. When the fork teeth on the fork assembly reach the bottom of the goods, activate the lifting mechanism to drive the fork assembly to rise to lift the goods. At this time, the support frame is in the extended state, the first support wheel abuts the ground, bearing part of the load, and at the same time preventing the forklift from tipping over due to the shift of the center of gravity. After the goods are lifted, activate the drive mechanism to push the moving bracket to move laterally in the opposite direction relative to the moving base, realizing the retraction operation of the fork assembly and support assembly, and switching the support frame from the extended state to the retracted state. During this process, if the load on the fork assembly is less than the preset value N, after the clamping part contacts and clamps the lifting part... The weight and load of the moving support exert less pressure on the lifting member than the elastic force of the floating elastic element, preventing deformation and keeping the lifting member in the second position. The clamping member is lifted by the lifting member, which in turn lifts the support frame, causing the first support wheel to leave the ground. If the load on the fork assembly exceeds a preset value N, after the clamping member contacts and clamps the lifting member, the weight and load of the moving support exert greater pressure on the lifting member than the elastic force of the floating elastic element. This allows the lifting member to remain in the first position or switch from the second position to the first position. Meanwhile, the support frame, in its retracted state, keeps the first support wheel in contact with the ground, preventing the entire moving support from swaying under heavy loads due to the support frame lifting. Furthermore, since the support frame is not lifted during retraction, the drive mechanism does not need to provide additional driving force for lifting the support frame, reducing the load requirements of the drive mechanism and improving the reliability and energy efficiency of the system. After the support frame retracts, the lifting mechanism is activated, lowering the fork tines on the fork assembly to place the goods on the moving base, which then supports the goods. During this process, if the load on the fork assembly is less than the preset value N, the support frame remains raised, and the first support wheel remains off the ground. If the load on the fork assembly is greater than the preset value N, since the fork assembly becomes unloaded after the moving base supports the goods, the floating elastic element can switch the lifting component from the first position to the second position, raising the support frame so that the first support wheel changes from being in contact with the ground to being off the ground. Then, the traveling mechanism of the moving base is activated, allowing the warehouse forklift to move to the next target position. During the movement of the warehouse forklift, the support frame remains retracted and the first support wheel is off the ground to avoid interference with ground obstacles and ensure stable driving.Once the forklift has moved to the next target position, the traveling mechanism stops, and the lifting mechanism starts, raising the fork assembly so that the fork teeth can lift the goods on the moving base again. During this process, if the load on the fork assembly is less than a preset value N, the support frame remains raised; if the load on the fork assembly is greater than the preset value N, the support frame lowers, and the first support wheel touches the ground. Subsequently, the drive mechanism moves again, pushing the moving bracket to move laterally relative to the moving base, enabling the fork assembly and support assembly to extend, and the support frame switches from the retracted state to the extended state. During this process, if the load on the fork assembly is greater than the preset value N, the support frame remains lowered; if the load on the fork assembly is less than the preset value N, the support frame lowers, and the first support wheel touches the ground. When the fork teeth move above the goods stacking position, the lifting mechanism starts, smoothly lowering the fork assembly so that the goods on the fork teeth slowly fall to the designated stacking position. After the goods are placed in place, the drive mechanism is activated to push the moving bracket to move laterally in the opposite direction relative to the moving base, thereby retracting the fork assembly and support assembly. This switches the support frame from the extended state to the retracted state. During this process, since the fork assembly becomes unloaded, the support frame lifts up, and the first support wheel leaves the ground. Then, the lifting mechanism is activated to lower the height of the fork teeth on the fork assembly. At this time, the traveling mechanism of the moving base is activated again, driving the warehouse forklift smoothly away from the work area and entering the preparation state for the next cycle.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the reasonable configuration of the elastic force of the floating elastic element ensures that the support frame automatically adjusts its grounding state under different load conditions, thereby achieving flexible movement of the equipment under light load and stable support under heavy load. Since the floating elastic element does not have the ability to actively switch states, its response depends entirely on the mechanical balance relationship caused by load changes. Therefore, the system always operates in a passive adaptive manner without additional control intervention. When the load on the fork assembly is less than the preset value N, the load on the fork assembly has little impact on the vehicle's stability. During the process of the support frame switching from the extended state to the retracted state, the support frame can be lifted by the lifting component, causing the first support wheel to leave the ground. After the first support wheel leaves the ground, the traveling mechanism of the moving base can drive the entire warehouse forklift to move, and the first support wheel will not interfere with the movement. When the load on the fork assembly exceeds the preset value N, the load on the fork assembly has a significant impact on the vehicle's stability. During the retraction process, the support frame keeps the first support wheel in contact with the ground, preventing the entire moving support from swaying due to the lifting of the support frame under heavy load. Furthermore, since the support frame is never lifted during the retraction process, the drive mechanism does not need to provide additional driving force required to lift the support frame, reducing the load requirements of the drive mechanism and improving the reliability and energy efficiency of the system operation.

[0009] In this application, the preset value N can be 0 kg. That is, when the fork assembly is unloaded, the floating elastic element drives the lifting element to move to the second position, the support frame is lifted, and the first support wheel is lifted off the ground. Whenever the fork assembly carries cargo, the cargo weight exceeds the preset value of 0 kg. The support frame then overcomes the elastic force of the floating elastic element and moves downwards under the weight of the cargo, causing the first support wheel to re-apply to the ground, achieving adaptive switching. In this application, since the elasticity of the floating elastic element changes during deformation, the preset value N can be a small range rather than a single fixed value. Furthermore, in practical applications, if the cargo weight is within the critical range of the preset value N, the floating elastic element is in a partially deformed state. Since the load is small at this time, the impact on the stability of the cargo is limited. After subsequent actions place the cargo on the moving base, the first support wheel can still be fully lifted.

[0010] Preferably, the lifting member is slidably connected to the movable base or support frame, and the floating elastic member drives the lifting member to move along the sliding direction, the sliding direction of the lifting member having a component in the vertical direction; or, the lifting member is hinged to the movable base or support frame, the floating elastic member drives the lifting member to swing around the hinge point, the swing path of the lifting member having a displacement component in the vertical direction.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the swing path of the lifting member has a displacement component in the vertical direction, which ensures that the floating elastic element can effectively realize the vertical displacement of the support frame during the sliding process of driving the lifting member. The swing path of the lifting member has a displacement component in the vertical direction, which ensures that the floating elastic element can effectively realize the vertical displacement of the support frame during the swing process of driving the lifting member.

[0012] Preferably, when the support frame is in the extended state, the clamping member and the lifting member are misaligned so that the lifting member disengages from the clamping member, and there is always a gap between the lifting member and the clamping member or the support frame, so that the support frame descends under the action of gravity and the first support wheel touches the ground.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the clamping member cooperates with the lifting member to realize the lifting and releasing actions of the lifting assembly. When the support frame is in the retracted state, the clamping member abuts against the lifting member, which can transfer the load on the moving support to the floating elastic member through the lifting member. The floating elastic member adaptively deforms according to the load on the moving support, allowing the lifting member to switch between a first position and a second position, thereby realizing the lifting and releasing of the support frame. When the support frame is in the extended state, the clamping member and the lifting member are misaligned. Regardless of whether the lifting member is in the first or second position, there is always a gap between the lifting member and the clamping member or the support frame. The lifting assembly will not exert force on the support frame, ensuring that the first support wheel can always abut against the ground when the support frame is in the extended state, thus ensuring the stability of the moving support in the working state.

[0014] Preferably, the clamping member is provided with an inclined first guide slope. When the support frame switches from the extended state to the retracted state and the support frame approaches the retracted state, the lifting member moves along the first guide slope. Alternatively, the clamping member is provided with an inclined first guide slope and a horizontally arranged first lifting plane. When the support frame switches from the extended state to the retracted state and the support frame approaches the retracted state, the lifting member moves along the first guide slope to abut against the first lifting plane. Alternatively, the lifting member is provided with a second guide ramp. When the support frame switches from the extended state to the retracted state and the support frame approaches the retracted state, the abutting member moves along the second guide ramp. Alternatively, the lifting member is provided with a second guide ramp and a second lifting plane. When the support frame switches from the extended state to the retracted state and the support frame approaches the retracted state, the clamping member moves along the second guide ramp to abut against the second lifting plane.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the guide ramp serves to achieve a smooth transition between the lifting component and the clamping component, converting the lateral force during the retraction of the support frame into the vertical displacement of the lifting component, thus avoiding impact and jamming caused by hard contact. When the clamping component has a first guide ramp, during the retraction of the support frame, the lifting component rolls or slides along the ramp. The elastic force of the floating elastic element, combined with the guide of the ramp, gradually lifts the clamping component, thereby smoothly lifting the support frame. If a first lateral lifting plane is added, after the support frame is fully retracted, the lifting component will abut against the plane, forming a stable support, preventing the lifting component from sliding along the ramp, ensuring that the first support wheel is always off the ground, and improving stability during travel. When the lifting component has a second guide ramp, during the retraction of the support frame, the clamping component moves along the ramp, and the guide effect of the ramp squeezes the lifting component, causing the lifting component to compress the floating elastic element or achieve the lifting action with the help of the elastic force of the floating elastic element. When paired with the second lifting plane, the clamping member moves to the plane and forms a rigid limit, preventing excessive displacement of the lifting member and ensuring precise and controllable lifting height. It also disperses contact pressure, reducing component wear. Regardless of the configuration, the guide ramp reduces frictional resistance between the lifting member and the clamping member, ensuring smooth transition between the support frame's retraction and lifting actions. Combined with the adaptive elastic force of the floating elastic element, it achieves smooth switching under different loads, further improving the smoothness and reliability of equipment operation.

[0016] Preferably, when the support frame is in the extended state, the clamping member abuts against the lifting member.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the clamping component is part of the support frame.

[0018] Preferably, the lifting component and the floating elastic component are connected to the movable base, the abutting component is installed on the support frame, the side of the movable bracket away from the first support wheel is the pivot position and is pivotally connected to the movable base, the lifting component and the floating elastic component are located between the pivot position and the first support wheel, when the support frame is in the retracted state, the lifting force of the lifting component on the support frame relative to the pivot position is the first lever arm, when the support frame is in the extended state, the lifting force of the lifting component on the support frame relative to the pivot position is the second lever arm, and the first lever arm is greater than the second lever arm; The floating elastic element is configured as follows: When the support frame is in the extended state and the fork assembly is unloaded, the downward pressure exerted by the moving bracket on the lifting member is greater than the elastic force of the floating elastic member. The lifting member and the support frame overcome the elastic force of the floating elastic member, causing the first support wheel to contact the ground.

[0019] In the above technical solution, the side of the movable support away from the first support wheel is a pivot position and pivotally connected to the movable base to form a first support point. The first support wheel abuts against the ground surface to form a second support point for the support frame and the movable support. The lifting component is located between the pivot position and the first support wheel to form a third support point, and the three form a lever support. When the support frame is in the retracted state, the lifting component is away from the first support point, and the load on the movable support acts on the lifting component through the longer first lever arm, resulting in minimal pressure on the lifting component. At this time, the lifting force required by the lifting component to lift the support frame is minimal, which is beneficial for the lifting component to lift the support frame. When the support frame is in the retracted state, the lifting component is close to the first support point, and the load on the movable support acts on the lifting component through the shorter first lever arm, resulting in maximum pressure on the lifting component. At this time, the lifting force required by the lifting component to support the support frame is maximum. This can be configured so that even if the fork assembly is unloaded, the pressure of the support frame on the lifting component is greater than the elastic force of the floating elastic element, allowing the support frame to descend. By designing the above technical solution, the lifting component can adaptively lift the support frame in its retracted state according to the load of the moving support. During the extension of the support frame, as the lever arm decreases, the pressure on the lifting component gradually increases. When the pressure on the lifting component reaches the preset elastic force threshold of the floating elastic element, the lifting component begins to compress the floating elastic element, and the support frame gradually descends until the first support wheel contacts the ground, achieving stable support for both the support frame and the moving support. This technical solution enables automatic switching between the retracted and extended lifting states of the support frame without manual intervention, improving the convenience and safety of equipment operation.

[0020] Preferably, the fork teeth have a first bearing surface for supporting the goods, the movable base has a second bearing surface for supporting the goods, and the lifting mechanism drives the fork assembly to rise and fall so that the fork teeth have a high position interval, a critical interval and a low position interval arranged sequentially from high to low. When the support frame is extended and the fork teeth are in the high position, the first bearing surface supports the goods, and the second bearing surface is detached from the goods. When the support frame is in the retracted state and the fork teeth are in the high position range, the first bearing surface supports the goods, and the second bearing surface is detached from the goods. When the support frame is in the retracted state and the fork teeth are in the low position range, the first bearing surface is detached from the goods, and the second bearing surface supports the goods. When the support frame is in the retracted state and the fork teeth are in the critical range, the lifting component switches between the first position and the second position, and the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface simultaneously support the goods.

[0021] In the above technical solution, the fork teeth have a high-position interval, a critical interval, and a low-position interval arranged sequentially from high to low. The lifting and lowering of the fork teeth allows for the switching of the cargo support position. When the support frame is in the retracted state, the cargo can be smoothly transferred from the first bearing surface to the second bearing surface. The cargo is supported by the movable base, thus converting the fork assembly into an unloaded state. When the fork teeth are in the high-position interval and retracting with the cargo, the lifting component switches from the first position to the second position using the load of the cargo. This eliminates the need to lift the support frame with a load, thus reducing the load on the drive mechanism to overcome the weight of the cargo, lowering the power requirement of the drive mechanism, and reducing costs. Furthermore, since the support frame does not need to be lifted with the cargo when the fork assembly retracts with the cargo, the risk of the cargo swaying or tipping over during movement is eliminated, improving the stability and safety of the equipment operation.

[0022] Preferably, the end of the support assembly away from the first support wheel is fixed to the gantry, and the bottom of the gantry abuts against the movable base through a support roller, so that the movable bracket can swing slightly relative to the movable base around the support roller. Alternatively, the movable support may further include a support plate that is laterally slidably connected to the movable base, a gantry bottom that is rotatably connected to the support plate, and a support assembly that is away from the first support wheel that is fixed to the gantry, so that the gantry and the support assembly can swing slightly relative to the movable base around the pivot at the bottom of the gantry. Alternatively, the movable support can be slidably mounted on the movable base, and the movable base is provided with a guide structure. The gantry forms a sliding fit with the movable base through the guide structure. When the movable support slides up and down, the drive mechanism always maintains a lateral driving effect on the movable support.

[0023] In the first technical solution, a flexible connection between the movable support and the movable base is achieved through support rollers, allowing the movable support to swing slightly around the support rollers. When the lifting assembly raises the support frame, the support rollers always remain in contact with the movable base, ensuring that the stability of the movable support is not affected. Furthermore, power transmission is achieved by connecting the support rollers to the output end of the drive mechanism, and this power transmission is not interrupted by the relative swinging between the movable support and the movable base. In the second technical solution, a double flexible connection structure is formed by the lateral sliding cooperation between the support plate and the movable base, superimposed with the rotational connection between the gantry and the support plate. The gantry and support assembly can swing slightly around the bottom pivot of the gantry. Power transmission is achieved by connecting the support plate to the output end of the drive mechanism. In the third technical solution, the guide structure of the movable base provides guidance for the up-and-down sliding of the movable support, ensuring the stability of the gantry posture during lifting and avoiding deviation or jamming. During the up-and-down sliding of the movable support, the drive mechanism always maintains a lateral driving effect on the movable support, achieving coordinated lifting and lateral movement, significantly improving operational efficiency.

[0024] Preferably, the lifting member includes a lifting body and a first roller rotatably mounted on the lifting body; or, the abutting member is a second roller rotatably mounted on a movable base or support frame.

[0025] In the above technical solution, the first roller and the second roller can convert the sliding friction between the lifting body and the clamping member into rolling friction, which greatly reduces the resistance when the two move relative to each other, making the cooperation between the support frame and the lifting member smoother during the retraction process, and avoiding component wear caused by jamming or hard friction.

[0026] Preferably, the movable support moves relative to the movable base in the left-right direction. The bottom of the movable base is provided with several universal support wheels and two drive wheels spaced apart on the left and right. The axle of the drive wheels extends in the left-right direction. There are two support components, which are spaced apart on opposite sides of the mast. The fork assembly is located between the two support components. The support component also includes a vertical frame integrally formed with the support frame. The vertical frame is perpendicular to the support frame and vertically fixed to the mast. A support bar is inclinedly arranged between the support frame and the vertical frame. The two ends of the support bar are fixed to the support frame and the vertical frame respectively. The support frame, the vertical frame, and the support bar form a triangular support structure. The movable base is provided with a limiting structure to restrict the lateral position of the movable support.

[0027] In the above technical solution, the left-right oriented shaft of the drive wheel can drive the mobile base to move back and forth. The speed difference between the two drive wheels enables steering control of the mobile base, improving the mobility of the equipment in confined spaces. The omnidirectional support wheels provide multi-directional flexible support for the mobile base, adapting to uneven ground and reducing running resistance. Two symmetrically arranged support components on the front and rear sides of the mast, with the fork assembly positioned between them, form a balanced support structure. When the fork assembly carries goods, the front and rear support components can simultaneously share the load, effectively offsetting the eccentric torque caused by the weight of the goods, preventing the mobile support from tilting or swaying due to uneven force, and ensuring load balance during handling. The upright frame and support frame are vertically connected and then fixed by inclined support bars. The triangular support structure formed by these three components utilizes the stability of a triangle to significantly improve the structural strength and deformation resistance of the support components. Compared to a single rigid connection, this structure can distribute loads more evenly, distributing the force from the fork assembly to the mast across the support frame and uprights. This avoids component damage caused by localized stress concentration and allows the support assembly to maintain a stable posture even when carrying heavy loads. The limiting structure on the moving base precisely restricts the lateral travel of the moving support, preventing collisions or interference with the moving base or other components due to excessive movement. It also ensures precise and controllable movement of the fork assembly, improving the accuracy of loading and unloading. Furthermore, this limiting structure provides cushioning when the moving support reaches its limit position, reducing impact loads on the drive mechanism and support assembly, and extending the equipment's service life.

[0028] Preferably, the movable base is provided with a receiving groove for accommodating the fork teeth, which are stored in the receiving groove when the fork teeth descend.

[0029] In the above technical solution, the receiving groove provides storage space for the fork teeth. When the fork teeth are in the downward position, they can be completely embedded in the receiving groove, avoiding the risk of collision, wear or personnel bumping into the exposed fork teeth when not in operation, thus improving the safety of equipment use.

[0030] Preferably, the clamping member is installed on the support frame and is integrally formed with the support frame.

[0031] Preferably, the fork assembly further includes a front and rear telescopic mechanism, wherein the fork teeth are connected to the telescopic end of the front and rear telescopic mechanism to drive the fork teeth to extend or retract, and the lifting mechanism is used to drive the front and rear telescopic mechanism to lift.

[0032] In the above technical solution, compared with the fixed-length fork structure, this telescopic design can improve operational flexibility without increasing the overall size of the equipment, enabling the warehouse forklift to adapt to rack layouts with different spacing and reducing the equipment's occupation of warehouse space. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of this application; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in this application where the fork tooth is in the low position range; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the fork tooth is in the high position range in this application.

[0034] In the figure: movable base 1, second bearing surface 11, receiving groove 12, movable bracket 2, mast 21, fork assembly 22, fork teeth 221, first bearing surface 2211, support assembly 23, support frame 231, first support wheel 232, upright 233, support bar 234, lifting mechanism 24, support roller 25, drive mechanism 3, lifting assembly 4, lifting component 41, lifting body 410, first roller 413, clamping component 42, first guide slope 421, first lifting plane 422, floating elastic component 43. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present application will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1: like Figures 1 to 8As shown, a warehouse forklift includes a movable base 1, a lifting assembly 4, a movable support 2 connected to the movable base 1, and a drive mechanism 3 for driving the movable support 2 to move laterally relative to the movable base 1. The movable support 2 includes a mast 21, a fork assembly 22 that is liftably connected to the mast 21, a support assembly 23 fixed to the mast 21, and a lifting mechanism 24 for driving the fork assembly 22 to rise and fall relative to the mast 21. The fork assembly 22 includes fork teeth 221 for supporting and lifting goods. The support assembly 23 includes a support frame 231 and a first support wheel 232 mounted on the support frame 231. 231 has an extended state relative to the movable base 1 and a retracted state relative to the movable base 1. The lifting assembly 4 includes a lifting member 41, a clamping member 42 and a floating elastic member 43. The floating elastic member 43 is installed in one of the movable base 1 and the support frame 231, and the clamping member 42 is installed in the other of the movable base 1 and the support frame 231. The lifting member 41 is connected to the floating elastic member 43 and has a first position and a second position. The elastic force of the floating elastic member 43 causes the lifting member 41 to have a tendency to move towards the second position. When the support frame 231 is in the retracted state, the clamping member 42 abuts against the lifting member 41. The floating elastic element 43 is configured as follows: When the support frame 231 is in the retracted state and the load of the fork assembly 22 is less than the preset value N, the pressure exerted by the weight of the moving bracket 2 and its load on the lifting member 41 is less than the elastic force of the floating elastic member 43. The floating elastic member 43 drives the lifting member 41 to move to the second position, and the lifting assembly 4 lifts the support frame 231 so that the first support wheel 232 is lifted off the ground. When the support frame 231 is in the retracted state and the load on the fork assembly 22 is greater than the preset value N, the pressure exerted by the weight of the moving bracket 2 and its load on the lifting member 41 is greater than the elastic force of the floating elastic member 43. The support frame 231 overcomes the elastic force of the floating elastic member 43 and makes the first support wheel 232 abut against the ground.

[0037] In this embodiment, the mobile base 1 is equipped with a walking mechanism that enables the warehouse forklift to move on the ground. The walking mechanism includes drive wheels connected to a motor to provide propulsion. The walking direction of the walking mechanism is perpendicular to the lateral movement direction of the mobile support 2, ensuring that the warehouse forklift can move flexibly within the aisle while the support component 23 can stably extend and retract to adapt to different shelf positions. Because the walking direction of the walking mechanism is perpendicular to the lateral movement direction of the mobile support 2, if the support frame 231 does not lift and the first support wheel 232 touches the ground while the walking mechanism is moving, interference will occur between the first support wheel 232 and the ground, affecting the normal movement of the mobile base 1. Therefore, before the walking mechanism is activated, the floating drive component 43 must first drive the lifting component 41 to switch from the first position to the second position, causing the first support wheel 232 to lift off the ground. In this embodiment, the walking mechanism, lifting mechanism 24, and drive mechanism 3 can all adopt corresponding mechanisms commonly used in the art, capable of respectively realizing walking, lifting, and lateral movement functions, and the mechanisms are linked and coordinated through a control system.

[0038] In the above technical solution, the lifting component 4 can lift the support frame 231 when it is in the retracted state, so that the first support wheel 232 is off the ground, making it easier for the mobile base 1 to move flexibly; when the support frame 231 is in the extended state, the lifting component 4 releases the support frame 231 and makes the first support wheel 232 abut against the ground, sharing the load at the front end of the fork assembly 22, improving operational stability, and avoiding the risk of tipping over due to the shift of the center of gravity.

[0039] The working principle of the warehouse forklift in the above technical solution is as follows: After the movable base 1 moves to the target position, it first ensures that the height of the fork teeth 221 on the fork assembly 22 is lower than that of the goods. Then, the drive mechanism 3 is activated to push the movable support 2 to move laterally relative to the movable base 1, realizing the extension operation of the fork assembly 22 and the support assembly 23, so that the support frame 231 switches from the retracted state to the extended state. When the fork teeth 221 on the fork assembly 22 extend into the bottom of the goods, the lifting mechanism 24 is activated to drive the fork assembly 22 to rise to lift the goods. At this time, the support frame 231 is in the extended state, and the first support wheel 232 abuts the ground, bearing part of the load and preventing the forklift from tipping over due to a shift in the center of gravity. When the goods are lifted, the drive mechanism 3 is activated to push the moving bracket 2 to move laterally in the opposite direction relative to the moving base 1, realizing the retraction of the fork assembly 22 and the support assembly 23, so that the support frame 231 switches from the extended state to the retracted state. During this process, if the load on the fork assembly 22 is less than the preset value N, after the clamping member 42 contacts and clamps the lifting member 41, the moving bracket 231 will retract. The pressure exerted by the weight and load of the support 2 on the lifting member 41 is less than the elastic force of the floating elastic member 43, so the floating elastic member 43 cannot be deformed, keeping the lifting member 41 in the second position. The clamping member 42 is lifted by the lifting member 41, thereby driving the support frame 231 to rise, causing the first support wheel 232 to leave the ground. If the load on the fork assembly 22 is greater than the preset value N, after the clamping member 42 contacts and clamps the lifting member 41, the pressure exerted by the weight and load of the moving support 2 on the lifting member 41 is greater than the elastic force of the floating elastic member 43. The lifting mechanism 24 keeps the lifting component 41 in the first position or switches it from the second position to the first position. Even when retracted, the support frame 231 maintains the first support wheel 232 in contact with the ground, preventing the entire moving support 2 from swaying under heavy loads due to the lifting of the support frame 231. Since the support frame 231 is not lifted during retraction, the drive mechanism 3 does not need to provide additional driving force for lifting the support frame 231, reducing the load requirements of the drive mechanism 3 and improving the reliability and energy efficiency of the system. After the support frame 231 retracts, the lifting mechanism 24 is activated, lowering the height of the fork teeth 221 on the fork assembly 22, thereby placing the goods on the moving base 1, which then supports the goods. During this process, if the load on the fork assembly 22 is less than the preset value N, the support frame 231 remains raised, and the first support wheel 232 remains off the ground. If the load on the fork assembly 22 is greater than the preset value N, since the fork assembly 22 becomes unloaded after the movable base 1 supports the goods, the floating elastic element 43 can switch the lifting element 41 from the first position to the second position, raising the support frame 231 so that the first support wheel 232 changes from being in contact with the ground to being off the ground. Then, the traveling mechanism of the movable base 1 is activated, causing the warehouse forklift to move to the next target position.During the movement of the warehouse forklift, the support frame 231 remains retracted and the first support wheel 232 is off the ground to avoid interference with ground obstacles and ensure stable travel. When the warehouse forklift reaches the next target position, the traveling mechanism stops, the lifting mechanism 24 starts and drives the fork assembly 22 to rise, causing the fork teeth 221 to lift the goods on the moving base 1 again. During this process, if the load on the fork assembly 22 is less than a preset value N, the support frame 231 remains raised; if the load on the fork assembly 22 is greater than the preset value N, the support frame 231 lowers, and the first support wheel 232 touches the ground. Then, the drive mechanism 3 actuates again, pushing the moving bracket 2 to move laterally relative to the moving base 1. During the extension operation of the fork assembly 22 and support assembly 23, the support frame 231 switches from the retracted state to the extended state. During this process, if the load on the fork assembly 22 is greater than a preset value N, the support frame 231 remains in a lowered state; if the load on the fork assembly 22 is less than the preset value N, the support frame 231 lowers, and the first support wheel 232 touches the ground. When the fork tines 221 move above the cargo stacking position, the lifting mechanism 24 is activated, driving the fork assembly 22 to descend smoothly, allowing the cargo on the fork tines 221 to slowly fall to the designated stacking position. After the cargo is placed in place, the drive mechanism 3 is activated to push the movable support 2 to move laterally in the opposite direction relative to the movable base 1, realizing the retraction operation of the fork assembly 22 and support assembly 23, causing the support frame 231 to switch from the extended state to the retracted state. During this process, since the fork assembly 22 becomes unloaded, the support frame 231 is raised, and the first support wheel 232 leaves the ground. Then, the lifting mechanism 24 is activated, causing the fork tines 221 on the fork assembly 22 to descend in height. At this point, the walking mechanism of the mobile base 1 starts again, driving the warehouse forklift to smoothly leave the work area and enter the preparation state for the next cycle.

[0040] In the above technical solution, the reasonable configuration of the elastic force of the floating elastic element 43 ensures that the support frame 231 automatically adjusts its grounding state under different load conditions, thereby achieving flexible movement of the equipment under light load and stable support under heavy load. Since the floating elastic element 43 does not have the ability to actively switch states, its response depends entirely on the mechanical balance relationship caused by load changes. Therefore, the system always operates in a passive adaptive manner without the need for additional control intervention. When the load of the fork assembly 22 is less than the preset value N, the load of the fork assembly 22 has little impact on the stability of the vehicle. During the process of the support frame 231 switching from the extended state to the retracted state, the support frame 231 can be lifted by the lifting component 4, causing the first support wheel 232 to leave the ground. After the first support wheel 232 leaves the ground, the traveling mechanism of the moving base 1 can drive the entire warehouse forklift to move, and the first support wheel 232 will not interfere with the movement. When the load on the fork assembly 22 is greater than the preset value N, the load on the fork assembly 22 has a significant impact on the vehicle's stability. During the retraction process, the support frame 231 keeps the first support wheel 232 in contact with the ground, preventing the entire moving support 2 from shaking due to the lifting of the support frame 231 under heavy load. Since the support frame 231 is not lifted during the retraction process, the drive mechanism 3 does not need to provide additional driving force for lifting the support frame 231, reducing the load requirements of the drive mechanism 3 and improving the reliability and energy efficiency of the system operation.

[0041] In this application, the preset value N can be 0 kg. That is, when the fork assembly 22 is unloaded, the floating elastic element 43 drives the lifting element 41 to move to the second position, the support frame 231 is lifted, and the first support wheel 232 is lifted off the ground. As long as the fork assembly 22 is carrying goods, the weight of the goods is greater than the preset value 0 kg. The support frame 231 then overcomes the elastic force of the floating elastic element 43 and moves downward under the action of the weight of the goods, so that the first support wheel 232 touches the ground again, realizing adaptive switching. In this application, since the elasticity of the floating elastic element 43 changes during deformation, the preset value N in this application can be a small range value, rather than a single fixed value. In practical applications, if the weight of the goods is within the critical range of the preset value N, the floating elastic element 43 is in a partially deformed state. Since the load is small at this time, the impact on the stability of the goods is limited. After the subsequent action places the goods on the movable base 1, the first support wheel 232 can still be fully lifted.

[0042] Specifically, in this embodiment, the fork assembly 22 further includes a front and rear telescopic mechanism. The fork teeth 221 are connected to the telescopic end of the front and rear telescopic mechanism to drive the fork teeth 221 to extend or retract. The lifting mechanism 24 is used to drive the front and rear telescopic mechanism to lift. Compared with a fixed-length fork tooth 221 structure, this telescopic design can improve operational flexibility without increasing the overall size of the equipment, allowing the warehouse forklift to adapt to rack layouts with different spacing and reducing the equipment's occupation of warehouse space. The movable base 1 is provided with a receiving groove 12 for accommodating the fork teeth 221. When the fork teeth 221 are lowered, they are stored in the receiving groove 12. The receiving groove 12 provides storage space for the fork teeth 221. When the fork teeth 221 are lowered, they can be completely embedded in the receiving groove 12, avoiding the risk of collision, wear, or personnel bumping into the exposed fork teeth 221 when not in operation, thus improving the safety of equipment use.

[0043] In this embodiment, the movable support 2 moves relative to the movable base 1 in the left-right direction. The bottom of the movable base 1 is provided with several universal support wheels and two drive wheels spaced apart on the left and right. The drive wheels' shafts extend in the left-right direction. There are two support components 23, which are spaced apart and symmetrically arranged on opposite front and rear sides of the mast 21. The fork assembly 22 is located between the two support components 23 and is centrally arranged along the front-rear direction of the mast 21, which can maintain load balance during transportation. The support component 23 also includes a vertical frame 233 integrally formed with the support frame 231. The vertical frame 233 is perpendicular to the support frame 231 and vertically fixed to the mast 21. A support bar 234 is inclinedly arranged between the support frame 231 and the vertical frame 233. The two ends of the support bar 234 are fixed to the support frame 231 and the vertical frame 233, respectively. The support frame 231, the vertical frame 233, and the support bar 234 form a triangular support structure. The movable base 1 is provided with a limiting structure to restrict the lateral position of the movable support 2.

[0044] In the above technical solution, the support component 23 can also be located directly below the fork assembly 22 or inside the fork assembly 22. The left-right rotating shaft of the drive wheel can drive the mobile base 1 to move back and forth. The speed difference between the two drive wheels can realize the steering control of the mobile base 1, improving the mobility of the equipment in narrow spaces. The universal support wheel can provide multi-directional flexible support for the mobile base 1, adapting to uneven ground and reducing running resistance. Two symmetrically arranged support components 23 on the front and rear sides of the mast 21 place the fork assembly 22 between the two support components 23, forming a balanced support pattern. When the fork assembly 22 carries goods, the front and rear support components 23 can simultaneously share the load, effectively offsetting the eccentric torque caused by the weight of the goods, preventing the mobile support 2 from tilting or swaying due to uneven force, and ensuring load balance during handling. The upright frame 233 is vertically connected to the support frame 231 and then fixed by the inclined support bar 234. The triangular support structure formed by the three utilizes the stability characteristics of a triangle to greatly improve the structural strength and deformation resistance of the support component 23. Compared to a single rigid connection, this structure can distribute the load more evenly, distributing the force from the fork assembly 22 to the mast 21 across the support frame 231 and the upright frame 233. This avoids damage to components caused by localized stress concentration, allowing the support assembly 23 to maintain a stable posture even when carrying heavy loads. The limiting structure on the movable base 1 precisely restricts the lateral travel of the movable support 2, preventing it from colliding with the movable base 1 or other components due to excessive movement. It also ensures precise and controllable movement of the fork assembly 22, improving the accuracy of loading and unloading. Furthermore, this limiting structure provides cushioning when the movable support 2 reaches its limit position, reducing impact loads on the drive mechanism 3 and the support assembly 23, and extending the equipment's service life.

[0045] Preferably, in this embodiment, the fork tooth 221 has a first bearing surface 2211 for supporting the goods, the movable base 1 has a second bearing surface 11 for supporting the goods, and the lifting mechanism 24 drives the fork assembly 22 to rise and fall so that the fork tooth 221 has a high position interval, a critical interval and a low position interval arranged sequentially from high to low. When the support frame 231 is in the extended state and the fork 221 is in the high position range, the first bearing surface 2211 supports the goods and the second bearing surface 11 is detached from the goods. When the support frame 231 is in the retracted state and the fork 221 is in the high position range, the first bearing surface 2211 supports the goods and the second bearing surface 11 is detached from the goods. When the support frame 231 is in the retracted state and the fork 221 is in the low position range, the first bearing surface 2211 is detached from the goods, and the second bearing surface 11 supports the goods. When the support frame 231 is in the retracted state and the fork 221 is in the critical range, when the lifting member 41 switches between the first position and the second position, the first bearing surface 2211 and the second bearing surface 11 simultaneously support the goods.

[0046] In the above technical solution, the fork teeth 221 have a high-position interval, a critical interval, and a low-position interval arranged sequentially from high to low. The lifting and lowering of the fork teeth 221 enables the switching of the cargo support position. When the support frame 231 is in the retracted state, the cargo can be smoothly transferred from the first bearing surface 2211 to the second bearing surface 11, with the cargo supported by the movable base 1, thus converting the fork assembly 22 to an unloaded state. When the fork teeth 221 are in the high-position interval and retracting with the cargo, the lifting member 41 is switched from the first position to the second position by the load of the cargo. There is no need to lift the support frame 231 with a load, thus eliminating the need to increase the load on the drive mechanism 3 to overcome the weight of the cargo, reducing the power requirement of the drive mechanism 3 and lowering costs. Simultaneously, since the support frame 231 does not need to be lifted with the cargo when the fork assembly 22 retracts with the cargo, there is no risk of the cargo swaying or tipping over during movement, improving the stability and safety of the equipment operation.

[0047] It is understandable that, in one embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the lifting member 41 is slidably connected to the movable base 1 or the support frame 231. The floating elastic member 43 drives the lifting member 41 to move along the sliding direction, and the sliding direction of the lifting member 41 has a vertical component. The swing path of the lifting member 41 has a displacement component in the vertical direction, which can ensure that the floating elastic member 43 can effectively realize the vertical displacement of the support frame 231 in the lifting and lowering direction during the process of driving the lifting member 41 to slide.

[0048] Understandably, in another embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the lifting member 41 is hinged to the movable base 1 or the support frame 231. The floating elastic member 43 drives the lifting member 41 to swing around the hinge point, and the swing path of the lifting member 41 has a displacement component in the vertical direction. The fact that the swing path of the lifting member 41 has a displacement component in the vertical direction ensures that the floating elastic member 43 can effectively realize the vertical displacement of the support frame 231 during the swinging process of driving the lifting member 41.

[0049] It is understandable that, in one embodiment, such as Figures 1 to 5As shown, when the support frame 231 is in the extended state, the clamping member 42 and the lifting member 41 are misaligned so that the lifting member 41 disengages from the clamping member 42. When the floating elastic member 43 drives the lifting member 41 to switch from the first position to the second position, there is always a gap between the lifting member 41 and the clamping member 42 or the support frame 231, so that the support frame 231 descends under the action of gravity and the first support wheel 232 abuts against the ground.

[0050] In the above technical solution, there is always a gap between the lifting member 41 and the clamping member 42 or the support frame 231, including the case where the lifting member 41 just contacts the clamping member 42 or the support frame 231 in the second position, but the support frame 231 is not lifted. The clamping member 42 is used to cooperate with the lifting member 41 to realize the lifting and releasing action of the lifting component 4. When the support frame 231 is in the retracted state, the clamping member 42 abuts against the lifting member 41, which can transfer the load on the moving bracket 2 to the floating elastic member 43 through the lifting member 41. The floating elastic member 43 adaptively deforms according to the load on the moving bracket 2, so that the lifting member 41 switches between the first position and the second position, thereby realizing the lifting and releasing of the support frame 231. When the support frame 231 is in the extended state, the clamping member 42 and the lifting member 41 are misaligned. Regardless of whether the lifting member 41 is in the first or second position, there is always a gap between the lifting member 41 and the clamping member 42 or the support frame 231. The lifting component 4 will not exert force on the support frame 231, ensuring that the first support wheel 232 can always be in contact with the ground when the support frame 231 is in the extended state, thus ensuring the stability of the mobile support 2 in the working state.

[0051] Understandably, in another embodiment, when the support frame 231 is in the extended state, the abutting member 42 abuts against the lifting member 41. That is, when the support frame 231 is in the retracted and extended states, the abutting member 42 is always correspondingly positioned to the lifting member 41, meaning the abutting member 42 is elongated in the lateral movement direction of the movable bracket 2. The above technical solution ensures that the abutting member 42 and the lifting member 41 are always within their effective range when the support frame 231 is extended or retracted, ensuring that when the floating elastic member 43 drives the lifting member 41 to switch from the first position to the second position, the lifting assembly 4 lifts the support frame 231, so that the first support wheel 232 switches from a state of contact with the ground to a state of being detached from the ground. In the above technical solution, the abutting member 42 is part of the support frame 231. The abutting member 42 is installed on the support frame 231 and is integrally formed with the support frame 231.

[0052] Preferably, the lifting member 41 and the floating elastic member 43 are connected to the movable base 1, the abutting member 42 is installed on the support frame 231, the side of the movable bracket 2 away from the first support wheel 232 is the pivot position and is pivotally connected to the movable base 1, the lifting member 41 and the floating elastic member 43 are located between the pivot position and the first support wheel 232, when the support frame 231 is in the retracted state, the lifting force of the lifting component 4 on the support frame 231 relative to the pivot position is the first lever arm, when the support frame 231 is in the extended state, the lifting force of the lifting component 4 on the support frame 231 relative to the pivot position is the second lever arm, and the first lever arm is greater than the second lever arm; The floating elastic element 43 is configured such that when the support frame 231 is in the extended state and the fork assembly 22 is unloaded, the downward pressure exerted by the moving bracket 2 on the lifting member 41 is greater than the elastic force of the floating elastic element 43, and the lifting member 41 and the support frame 231 overcome the elastic force of the floating elastic element 43 to make the first support wheel 232 abut against the ground.

[0053] In the above technical solution, the side of the movable support 2 away from the first support wheel 232 is a pivot position and is pivotally connected to the movable base 1 to form a first support point. The first support wheel 232 abuts against the ground surface to form a second support point on the support frame 231 and the movable support 2. The lifting component 4 is located between the pivot position and the first support wheel 232 to form a third support point. The three components form a lever support. When the support frame 231 is in the retracted state, the lifting component 4 is away from the first support point. The load on the movable support 2 acts on the lifting component 4 through the longer first lever arm, resulting in minimal pressure on the lifting component 4. At this time, the lifting force required for the lifting component 4 to lift the support frame 231 is minimal, which is beneficial for the lifting component 4 to lift the support frame 231. When the support frame 231 is in the retracted state, the lifting assembly 4 is close to the first support point. The load on the moving bracket 2 acts on the lifting assembly 4 through the shorter first lever arm, resulting in the maximum pressure on the lifting assembly 4. At this time, the lifting assembly 4 provides the maximum lifting force required to support the support frame 231. It can be configured so that even if the fork assembly 22 is unloaded, the pressure of the support frame 231 on the lifting assembly 4 is greater than the elastic force of the floating elastic element 43, allowing the support frame 231 to descend. Through the above technical solution, the lifting assembly 4 can adaptively lift the support frame 231 according to the load condition of the moving bracket 2 when the support frame 231 is in the retracted state. During the extension of the support frame 231, as the lever arm decreases, the pressure of the support frame 231 on the lifting component 4 gradually increases. When the pressure on the lifting component 4 reaches the preset elastic force threshold of the floating elastic element 43, the lifting component 41 begins to compress the floating elastic element 43, and the support frame 231 gradually descends, eventually causing the first support wheel 232 to contact the ground, thus achieving stable support for the support frame 231 and the movable support 2. The above technical solution realizes the automatic switching of the lifting state of the support frame 231 during retraction and extension without manual intervention, improving the convenience and safety of equipment operation.

[0054] It is understandable that, in one embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the clamping member 42 is provided with an inclined first guide slope 421. When the support frame 231 switches from the extended state to the retracted state and the support frame 231 approaches the retracted state, the lifting member 41 moves along the first guide slope 421.

[0055] In the above technical solution, the guide ramp serves to achieve a smooth transition between the lifting member 41 and the clamping member 42, converting the lateral force when the support frame 231 retracts into the vertical displacement of the lifting member 41, thus avoiding impact and jamming caused by hard contact. When the clamping member 42 is provided with the first guide ramp 421, during the retraction of the support frame 231, the lifting member 41 rolls or slides along the ramp. The elastic force of the floating elastic member 43, in conjunction with the guide of the ramp, causes the lifting member 41 to gradually lift the clamping member 42, thereby smoothly lifting the support frame 231.

[0056] Understandably, in another embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the clamping member 42 is provided with an inclined first guide slope 421 and a horizontally arranged first lifting plane 422. When the support frame 231 switches from the extended state to the retracted state, and the support frame 231 approaches the retracted state, the lifting member 41 moves along the first guide slope 421 to abut against the first lifting plane 422.

[0057] In the above technical solution, the guide ramp serves to achieve a smooth transition between the lifting member 41 and the clamping member 42, converting the lateral force when the support frame 231 retracts into the vertical displacement of the lifting member 41, thus avoiding impact and jamming caused by hard contact. When the clamping member 42 is provided with the first guide ramp 421 and the first lifting plane 422, during the retraction of the support frame 231, the lifting member 41 rolls or slides along the ramp. The elastic force of the floating elastic member 43, in conjunction with the ramp guidance, causes the lifting member 41 to gradually lift the clamping member 42, thereby smoothly lifting the support frame 231. When the support frame 231 is fully retracted, the lifting member 41 will abut against the plane, forming a stable support, preventing the lifting member 41 from sliding along the ramp, ensuring that the first support wheel 232 is always off the ground, and improving stability during travel.

[0058] Understandably, in another embodiment, the lifting member 41 is provided with a second guide ramp. When the support frame 231 switches from the extended state to the retracted state and the support frame 231 approaches the retracted state, the abutting member 42 moves along the second guide ramp.

[0059] In the above technical solution, the guide ramp serves to achieve a smooth transition between the lifting member 41 and the clamping member 42, converting the lateral force when the support frame 231 retracts into the vertical displacement of the lifting member 41, thus avoiding impact and jamming caused by hard contact. When the lifting member 41 is provided with a second guide ramp, when the support frame 231 retracts, the clamping member 42 moves along the ramp, squeezing the lifting member 41 through the guiding effect of the ramp, causing the lifting member 41 to compress the floating elastic member 43 or achieve the lifting action with the help of the elastic force of the floating elastic member 43.

[0060] Understandably, in another embodiment, the lifting member 41 is provided with a second guide ramp and a second lifting plane. When the support frame 231 switches from the extended state to the retracted state and the support frame 231 approaches the retracted state, the abutting member 42 moves along the second guide ramp to abut against the second lifting plane.

[0061] In the above technical solution, the guide ramp serves to achieve a smooth transition between the lifting member 41 and the clamping member 42, converting the lateral force when the support frame 231 retracts into the vertical displacement of the lifting member 41, thus avoiding impact and jamming caused by hard contact. When the lifting member 41 is provided with a second guide ramp and a second lifting plane, when the support frame 231 retracts, the clamping member 42 moves along the ramp, squeezing the lifting member 41 through the guiding action of the ramp, causing the lifting member 41 to compress the floating elastic member 43 or achieve the lifting action with the elastic force of the floating elastic member 43. When combined with the second lifting plane, the clamping member 42 forms a rigid limit after moving to the plane, preventing excessive displacement of the lifting member 41, ensuring precise and controllable lifting height, and dispersing contact pressure to reduce component wear.

[0062] It is understandable that, in one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the end of the support component 23 furthest from the first support wheel 232 is fixed to the gantry 21. The bottom of the gantry 21 abuts against the movable base 1 via a support roller 25, allowing the movable support 2 to swing slightly relative to the movable base 1 around the support roller 25. In the above technical solution, the support roller 25 enables a flexible connection between the movable support 2 and the movable base 1, allowing the movable support 2 to swing slightly around the support roller 25. When the lifting component 4 lifts the support frame 231, the support roller 25 always remains in contact with the movable base 1, ensuring that the stability of the movable support 2 is not affected. Furthermore, by connecting the support roller 25 to the output end of the drive mechanism 3, power transmission can be achieved, and the power transmission will not be interrupted due to the relative swing between the movable support 2 and the movable base 1.

[0063] Understandably, in another embodiment, the movable support 2 further includes a support plate laterally slidably connected to the movable base 1, the bottom of the gantry 21 being rotatably connected to the support plate, and the end of the support component 23 away from the first support wheel 232 being fixed to the gantry 21, so that the gantry 21 and the support component 23 can swing slightly relative to the movable base 1 around the pivot at the bottom of the gantry 21. In the above technical solution, a double flexible connection structure is formed by the lateral sliding cooperation between the support plate and the movable base 1, superimposed with the rotatable connection between the gantry 21 and the support plate. The gantry 21 and the support component 23 can swing slightly around the pivot at the bottom of the gantry 21. Power transmission can be achieved by connecting the support plate to the output end of the drive mechanism 3.

[0064] Understandably, in another embodiment, the movable support 2 is slidably mounted on the movable base 1, and the movable base 1 is provided with a guide structure. The gantry 21 forms a sliding engagement with the movable base 1 through the guide structure. When the movable support 2 slides up and down, the drive mechanism 3 always maintains a lateral driving force on the movable support 2. In the above technical solution, the guide structure of the movable base 1 provides guidance for the up and down sliding of the movable support 2, ensuring the stability of the gantry 21 during lifting and lowering, and avoiding deviation or jamming. When the movable support 2 slides up and down, the drive mechanism 3 always maintains a lateral driving force on the movable support 2, realizing the coordinated operation of lifting and lateral movement, and greatly improving work efficiency.

[0065] It is understandable that, in one embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the lifting member 41 includes a lifting body 410 and a first roller 413 rotatably mounted on the lifting body 410. In the above technical solution, the first roller 413 can convert the sliding friction between the lifting body 410 and the abutment member 42 into rolling friction, which greatly reduces the resistance when the two move relative to each other, making the cooperation between the support frame 231 and the lifting member 41 smoother during the retraction process, and avoiding component wear caused by jamming or hard friction.

[0066] Understandably, in another embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the clamping member 42 is a second roller, which is rotatably mounted on the movable base 1 or the support frame 231. In the above technical solution, the second roller can convert the sliding friction between the lifting member 41 and the clamping member 42 into rolling friction, which greatly reduces the resistance when the two move relative to each other, making the cooperation between the support frame 231 and the lifting member 41 smoother during the retraction process, and avoiding component wear caused by jamming or hard friction.

Claims

1. A warehouse forklift, comprising a mobile base (1), a mobile support (2) connected to the mobile base (1), and a driving mechanism (3) for driving the mobile support (2) to move laterally relative to the mobile base (1), the mobile support (2) comprising a portal frame (21), a fork assembly (22) connected to the portal frame (21) in a liftable manner, a support assembly (23) fixed to the portal frame (21), and a lifting mechanism (24) for driving the fork assembly (22) to lift relative to the portal frame (21), the fork assembly (22) comprising a fork tooth (221) for supporting and lifting a cargo, the support assembly (23) comprising a support frame (231) and a first support wheel (232) mounted to the support frame (231), the support frame (231) having an extended state of extending out of the mobile base (1) and a retracted state of retracting, characterized in that, the warehouse forklift further comprises a lifting assembly (4), the lifting assembly (4) comprising a lifting piece (41), an abutting piece (42), and a floating elastic piece (43), the floating elastic piece (43) being mounted to one of the mobile base (1) and the support frame (231), the abutting piece (42) being mounted to the other one of the mobile base (1) and the support frame (231), the lifting piece (41) being connected to the floating elastic piece (43) and having a first position and a second position, the floating elastic piece (43) having a tendency to move the lifting piece (41) to the second position, and the abutting piece (42) abutting against the lifting piece (41) when the support frame (231) is in the retracted state. The floating elastic piece (43) is arranged in such a way that: when the support frame (231) is in the retracted state and the load of the fork assembly (22) is less than a preset value N, the weight of the mobile support (2) and the load thereof generate a pressure on the lifting piece (41) that is less than the elastic force of the floating elastic piece (43), the floating elastic piece (43) drives the lifting piece (41) to move to the second position, and the lifting assembly (4) lifts the support frame (231) so that the first support wheel (232) is lifted off the ground; when the support frame (231) is in the retracted state and the load of the fork assembly (22) is greater than the preset value N, the weight of the mobile support (2) and the load thereof generate a pressure on the lifting piece (41) that is greater than the elastic force of the floating elastic piece (43), and the support frame (231) abuts against the ground against the elastic force of the floating elastic piece (43). The lifting piece (41) is slidingly connected to the mobile base (1) or the support frame (231), the floating elastic piece (43) drives the lifting piece (41) to move along a sliding direction, and the sliding direction of the lifting piece (41) has a component in the vertical direction; or, the lifting piece (41) is hingedly connected to the mobile base (1) or the support frame (231), the floating elastic piece (43) drives the lifting piece (41) to swing about a hinge point, and the swing path of the lifting piece (41) has a displacement component in the vertical direction.

2. A warehouse fork truck according to claim 1, characterized in that ​ 3. A warehouse fork truck according to claim 1 wherein, The abutting part (42) is arranged in dislocation with the lifting part (41) when the support frame (231) is in the extended state, so that the lifting part (41) is separated from the abutting part (42), and a gap always exists between the lifting part (41) and the abutting part (42) or the support frame (231), so that the support frame (231) is lowered under the action of gravity, and the first support wheel (232) abuts against the ground.

4. A warehouse fork truck according to claim 3, wherein, The abutting part (42) is provided with a first guide inclined surface (421) arranged in an inclined manner, and when the support frame (231) is switched from the extended state to the retracted state and the support frame (231) approaches the retracted state, the lifting part (41) moves along the first guide inclined surface (421); Or, the abutting part (42) is provided with a first guide inclined surface (421) arranged in an inclined manner and a first lifting plane (422) arranged in a transverse manner, and when the support frame (231) is switched from the extended state to the retracted state and the support frame (231) approaches the retracted state, the lifting part (41) moves along the first guide inclined surface (421) to abut against the first lifting plane (422); Or, the lifting part (41) is provided with a second guide inclined surface, and when the support frame (231) is switched from the extended state to the retracted state and the support frame (231) approaches the retracted state, the abutting part (42) moves along the second guide inclined surface; Or, the lifting part (41) is provided with a second guide inclined surface and a second lifting plane, and when the support frame (231) is switched from the extended state to the retracted state and the support frame (231) approaches the retracted state, the abutting part (42) moves along the second guide inclined surface to abut against the second lifting plane.

5. A warehouse fork truck according to claim 1 wherein, The abutting part (42) abuts against the lifting part (41) when the support frame (231) is in the extended state.

6. A warehouse fork truck according to claim 5, characterized in that The lifting part (41) and the floating elastic part (43) are connected to the moving base (1), the abutting part (42) is mounted to the support frame (231), the moving support (2) is pivoted to the moving base (1) at a pivoting position away from one side of the first support wheel (232), the lifting part (41) and the floating elastic part (43) are arranged between the pivoting position and the first support wheel (232), the lifting assembly (4) has a first force arm relative to the pivoting position when the support frame (231) is in the retracted state, and the lifting assembly (4) has a second force arm relative to the pivoting position when the support frame (231) is in the extended state, and the first force arm is greater than the second force arm. The floating elastic part (43) is arranged as follows: When the support frame (231) is in the extended state and the fork assembly (22) is empty, the pressure generated by the moving support (2) on the lifting part (41) is greater than the elastic force of the floating elastic part (43), and the support frame (231) overcomes the elastic force of the floating elastic part (43) to make the first support wheel (232) abut against the ground.

7. A warehouse fork truck according to claim 1 wherein, The tine (221) has a first load-bearing surface (2211) for supporting the goods, the moving base (1) has a second load-bearing surface (11) for supporting the goods, and the lifting mechanism (24) drives the lifting of the fork assembly (22) to make the tine (221) have a high position interval, a critical interval and a low position interval arranged in sequence from high to low; When the support frame (231) is in the extended state and the tine (221) is in the high position interval, the first load-bearing surface (2211) supports the goods, and the second load-bearing surface (11) is separated from the goods; When the support frame (231) is in the retracted state and the tine (221) is in the high position interval, the first load-bearing surface (2211) supports the goods, and the second load-bearing surface (11) is separated from the goods; When the support frame (231) is in the retracted state and the tine (221) is in the low position interval, the first load-bearing surface (2211) is separated from the goods, and the second load-bearing surface (11) supports the goods; When the support frame (231) is in the retracted state and the tine (221) is in the critical interval, the first load-bearing surface (2211) and the second load-bearing surface (11) simultaneously support the goods when the lifting piece (41) switches between the first position and the second position.

8. A warehouse fork truck according to claim 1 wherein, The support assembly (23) is fixed to the portal (21) at an end away from the first support wheel (232), the bottom of the portal (21) abuts the moving base (1) through a support roller (25), so that the moving support (2) can swing relative to the moving base (1) about the support roller (25); Or, the moving support (2) further includes a support plate laterally slidingly connected to the moving base (1), the bottom of the portal (21) is rotationally connected to the support plate, and the support assembly (23) is fixed to the portal (21) at an end away from the first support wheel (232), so that the portal (21) and the support assembly (23) can swing relative to the moving base (1) about the rotation shaft of the bottom of the portal (21); Or, the moving support (2) is slidingly arranged on the moving base (1), the moving base (1) is provided with a guide structure, the portal (21) is slidingly connected to the moving base (1) through the guide structure, and the driving mechanism (3) always maintains a lateral driving action on the moving support (2) when the moving support (2) slides up and down.

9. A warehouse fork truck according to claim 1 wherein, The lifting piece (41) includes a lifting body (410) and a first roller (413) rotatably mounted to the lifting body (410); or the abutting piece (42) is a second roller, and the second roller is rotatably mounted to the moving base (1) or the support frame (231).

10. A warehouse fork truck according to claim 1 wherein, The mobile support (2) moves along the left-right direction relative to the mobile base (1), the bottom of the mobile base (1) is provided with a plurality of universal support wheels and two driving wheels arranged at intervals left and right, the rotation shaft of the driving wheel extends along the left-right direction, the number of the support assembly (23) is two, and the two support assemblies (23) are arranged at intervals on the opposite sides of the portal (21), and the fork assembly (22) is arranged between the two support assemblies (23); the support assembly (23) further comprises a stand (233) arranged integrally with the support frame (231), the stand (233) is arranged perpendicularly with the support frame (231), and the stand (233) is fixed vertically on the portal (21), and the support bar (234) is arranged obliquely between the support frame (231) and the stand (233), the two ends of the support bar (234) are fixed with the support frame (231) and the stand (233) respectively, and the support frame (231), the stand (233) and the support bar (234) form a triangular support structure; the mobile base (1) is provided with a limiting structure for limiting the transverse position of the mobile support (2).

11. A warehouse fork truck according to claim 7 wherein, The mobile base (1) is provided with a containing groove (12) for accommodating the prongs (221), and the prongs (221) are accommodated in the containing groove (12) when descending.

12. A warehouse fork truck according to claim 1 wherein, The abutting piece (42) is mounted on the support frame (231) and is an integral molding structure with the support frame (231).

13. A warehouse fork truck according to claim 1 wherein, The fork assembly (22) further comprises a front-rear telescopic mechanism, the prongs (221) are connected with the telescopic end of the front-rear telescopic mechanism for driving the prongs (221) to extend or retract, and the lifting mechanism (24) is used for driving the front-rear telescopic mechanism to lift.

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