River channel hydroelectric generation system
By using modular vertical turbine generator sets and intelligent aerodynamic regulation systems, the problems of large engineering workload, difficult maintenance, and low water resource utilization in river hydropower systems have been solved, achieving efficient, stable, and safe river hydropower generation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510596730.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing river hydropower technologies suffer from problems such as large engineering workload, ecological damage, maintenance difficulties, low water resource utilization, low single-unit power generation efficiency, and inability to adapt to water level fluctuations. In particular, the combination of multi-unit coordinated power generation and adaptive water flow regulation is not effective in rivers with natural drop.
The modular vertical turbine generator set, combined with an intelligent aerodynamic regulation system and flow channel design, achieves closed-loop control through flow velocity and water level sensors to regulate the flow velocity and flow rate of the turbine unit. It is embedded in the groove of the artificial waterway to form a guide wall, and is equipped with a bypass flood discharge channel and a priority drainage channel to achieve automated regulation and efficient power generation.
It improves the stability and efficiency of the power generation system, reduces maintenance costs, enhances the system's adaptability, reduces water flow resistance and turbulence effects, and ensures the system's safety and reliability.
Smart Images
Figure CN121345709A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydropower technology, and in particular to a river hydropower system. Background Technology
[0002] Traditional river hydropower primarily employs dam construction and water storage, which suffers from problems such as large engineering scale, damage to river ecosystems, and wide-area inundation. Existing run-of-river power generation systems generally suffer from drawbacks such as fixed turbine installation leading to maintenance difficulties, inability to adapt to water level fluctuations, and low single-unit power generation efficiency. While attempts at canal-based power generation have emerged in recent years, they generally suffer from rigid and unadjustable waterway structures, poor unit coordination, and a lack of intelligent flow control, resulting in low water resource utilization and high maintenance costs. Particularly for rivers with natural drops, current technologies have failed to effectively combine multi-unit coordinated power generation with adaptive flow regulation, hindering the efficiency of clean energy development. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a river hydroelectric power generation system to solve the problems existing in the prior art.
[0004] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows: A river hydroelectric power generation system includes a river with a drop in elevation, an artificial waterway on one side of the river, an inlet and an outlet of the artificial waterway connected to the river, a main sluice gate at the inlet of the artificial waterway, and a plurality of turbine generator sets arranged sequentially on the artificial waterway. Each turbine generator set includes a housing, a turbine shaft vertically mounted inside the housing, turbine blades mounted on the turbine shaft, the upper end of the turbine shaft extending from the top of the housing and connected to the power generation components, an inlet on the front side of the housing and an outlet on the rear side, a flow velocity sensor and a water level sensor on the front side of the inlet, an adjusting cover flush with the side wall of the artificial waterway and hinged thereto, the adjusting cover being connected to the telescopic rod of a cylinder mounted on the side wall of the artificial waterway, a groove on the other side wall of the artificial waterway corresponding to the location of the turbine generator set, and the outer side of the housing being located within the groove.
[0005] The river hydropower system of this invention features a modular, embedded installation method for vertical turbine units, facilitating installation and maintenance. Through coordinated control of a pneumatic regulating cover and intelligent sensors, the system adjusts the angle of the regulating cover to maintain a constant flow velocity as much as possible when the water flow velocity or flow rate in the river varies with the season or time period, thereby improving the stability, power generation efficiency, and service life of the entire power generation system. Simultaneously, the outer shell of the system is embedded in the groove of the artificial waterway to form a sealed guide wall, which reduces water flow resistance, changes the flow direction, prevents turbulence, and improves power generation efficiency. In summary, the river hydropower system of this invention has advantages such as high stability, high power generation efficiency, long service life, and ease of maintenance.
[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, a bypass spillway is provided between the middle reaches of the artificial waterway and the river channel. A first drainage gate is installed on the bypass spillway, and a second drainage gate is provided on the artificial waterway corresponding to the rear side of the bypass spillway. This allows for the regulation of river water volume by constructing a bypass spillway in areas with high water levels, especially when the water volume is excessive, thus reducing the risk of flooding. Furthermore, this design facilitates the inspection and maintenance of the turbine generator set.
[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, a priority drainage channel is provided on the outer side of the groove corresponding to the turbine generator set. The priority drainage channel is connected to the artificial waterway, and a third drainage gate is provided at the inlet of the priority drainage channel. The priority drainage channel can be set at a location with a large drainage volume or a large drop as needed, so that when the water volume is too large, the third drainage gate can be opened to drain the water directly, ensuring the safe operation of the system.
[0008] As a further improvement of this invention, the main sluice gate, the first drainage gate, the second drainage gate, the third drainage gate, the cylinder, the flow velocity sensor, the water level sensor, and the power generation components are all connected to the automatic control system to automate the water flow regulation of the sluice gates. The system monitors the entire operation by detecting and controlling the speed and flow rate, and simultaneously monitors the power generation of each turbine generator set, checking the total power generation and identifying any problems with the generator turbines to ensure stable and efficient system operation. Coatings are applied to both the river channel and the artificial waterway to reduce water flow resistance.
[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, an inclined baffle is provided between the bottom of the artificial river channel and the lower edge of the adjacent water inlet to adjust the water inlet angle of the turbine generator set, so that the water can wash the turbine blades at the optimal angle and improve the power generation efficiency.
[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the turbine blade includes a central connecting cylinder and a hollow blade. The central connecting cylinder is connected to the turbine shaft, and the root of the hollow blade is detachably connected to the central connecting cylinder. The connection is convenient and easy to maintain. In addition, the hollow blade helps to reduce its own weight, so as to generate buoyancy and improve the service life of the mechanical device.
[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the top side of the shell and the side wall of the artificial river are detachably connected by bolts. The connection method is simple and easy to install and disassemble. After the bolt connection is removed, it can be easily hoisted by a crane.
[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, a turbine shaft support plate is provided inside the housing, and the turbine shaft support plate is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the turbine blade. A detachable movable top plate is provided at the upper end of the housing. Bearings are provided on the turbine shaft support plate and the movable top plate at the positions through which the turbine shaft passes, resulting in a stable structure and reliable transmission.
[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the power generation component includes a generator, a gearbox, a speed-increasing shaft, a first sprocket and chain drive assembly, and a second sprocket and chain drive assembly. The upper end of the turbine shaft is connected to the speed-increasing shaft through the first sprocket and chain drive assembly. The speed-increasing shaft is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox through the second sprocket and chain drive assembly. The gearbox is connected to the generator to ensure the power generation effect.
[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the generator is connected to the power transmission assembly, which includes a converter, a transformer, a power transmission clutch, a power transmission line and a power transmission tower connected in sequence to ensure the reliability of power transmission. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of the river hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention.
[0016] Figure 2 This is a side view of the river channel of the river hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention.
[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the turbine generator structure of the river hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Side view.
[0019] Among them, 1 is the river channel, 2 is the artificial waterway, 3 is the main sluice gate, 4 is the turbine generator set, 401 is the housing, 402 is the turbine shaft, 403 is the turbine blade, 404 is the regulating cover, 405 is the cylinder, 406 is the turbine shaft support plate, 407 is the movable top plate, 408 is the bearing, 5 is the flow rate sensor, 6 is the water level sensor, 7 is the bypass flood discharge channel, 8 is the first drainage gate, 9 is the second drainage gate, 10 is the priority drainage channel, 11 is the third drainage gate, 12 is the baffle plate, 13 is the connecting seat, 14 is the generator, 15 is the gearbox, 16 is the speed increaser shaft, 17 is the first sprocket and chain drive assembly, 18 is the second sprocket and chain drive assembly, 19 is the converter, 20 is the transformer, 21 is the power distribution clutch, 22 is the power transmission line and power transmission tower, 23 is the sinking trough, and 24 is the bolt hole. Detailed Implementation
[0020] like Figure 1-4 The hydroelectric power generation system shown in the diagram includes a river channel 1 with a drop in elevation. An artificial waterway 2 is located on one side of the river channel 1, with its inlet and outlet connected to the river channel 1. A main sluice gate 3 is located at the inlet of the artificial waterway 2. Several turbine generator sets 4 are sequentially installed on the artificial waterway 1. To reduce water flow resistance, both the river channel 1 and the artificial waterway 2 are coated. The coating can be epoxy or fluorocarbon, etc., as needed. Compared to using stainless steel lining plates, this coating method is more cost-effective.
[0021] The turbine generator set 4 includes a housing 401, within which a turbine shaft 402 is vertically mounted. Turbine blades 403 are mounted on the turbine shaft 402. The upper end of the turbine shaft 402 extends from the top of the housing 401 and connects to the power generation components. The housing 401 has an inlet on its front side and an outlet on its rear side. A flow rate sensor 5 and a water level sensor 6 are located in front of the inlet. An adjusting cover 404 is hinged to the inner side of the housing 401, flush with the side wall of the artificial waterway 2. The adjusting cover 404 is connected to the telescopic rod of a cylinder 405, and the cylinder 405 is mounted on the side wall of the artificial waterway 2. The method of slotting the cylinder 405 in the artificial waterway 2 and reserving space for auxiliary facilities such as air connection pipes is existing technology and will not be described further. A groove is provided on the other side wall of the artificial waterway 2 corresponding to the location of the turbine generator set 4, and the outer side of the housing 401 is positioned within this groove.
[0022] like Figure 3 As shown, the turbine blade 403 includes a central connecting cylinder and hollow blades. The central connecting cylinder is connected to the turbine shaft, and the root of the hollow blade is detachably connected to the central connecting cylinder, facilitating connection and replacement / maintenance. The use of hollow blades reduces the weight of the turbine blade 403, creating buoyancy and extending the lifespan of the mechanical device. An inclined baffle 12 is provided between the bottom of the artificial river channel 1 and the lower edge of the adjacent inlet, adjusting the water inlet angle of the turbine generator set 4 so that the incoming water can flush the turbine blade 403 at the optimal angle, improving power generation efficiency.
[0023] The top side of the shell 401 is detachably connected to the side wall of the artificial river channel 2 by four bolts. Specifically, a connecting seat 13 is provided on the top of one side of the shell 401, and a base is provided on the side wall of the artificial river channel 1 at the corresponding position of the connecting seat 13. The connecting seat 13 and the base are connected by bolts. Bolt holes 24 are directly provided on the outer edge of the top of the other side of the shell 401. The shell on this side is connected to the side wall of the artificial river channel 1 by bolts. The connection method is simple and easy to install and disassemble. After the bolt connection is removed, it can be easily lifted by a crane.
[0024] A bypass spillway 7 is constructed between the middle reaches of artificial waterway 2 and river channel 1. A first drainage gate 8 is installed on the bypass spillway 7, and a second drainage gate 9 is installed on the rear side of artificial waterway 2 corresponding to the bypass spillway 7. This allows for the regulation of water volume in river channel 1 when the waterway is long or has significant gradient differences, particularly during periods of excessive water volume, enabling flood discharge and reducing the risk of flooding. Furthermore, this design facilitates the inspection and maintenance of turbine generator set 4.
[0025] A priority drainage channel 10 can be provided on the outer side of the groove corresponding to the turbine generator set 4. The priority drainage channel 10 is connected to the artificial waterway 2, and a third drainage gate 11 is provided at the inlet of the priority drainage channel 10. The priority drainage channel 10 can be set at a location with a large drainage volume or a large drop as needed, so that the third drainage gate 11 can be opened directly to drain water when the water volume is too large, ensuring the safe operation of the system. In this embodiment, the priority drainage channel 10 is only provided next to the second to last downstream turbine generator set 4. However, in actual implementation, the setting position and number of priority drainage channels 10 are designed according to actual needs, and there can be various variations in actual implementation.
[0026] The main sluice gate 3, the first drainage gate 8, the second drainage gate 9, the third drainage gate 11, the cylinder 405, the flow velocity sensor 5, the water level sensor 6, and the power generation components are all connected to the automatic control system, thereby realizing the automation of water volume regulation of the sluice gates. By detecting the automatic control speed and flow, the system monitors the operation of the entire system. At the same time, it monitors the power generation of each of the 14 turbine generators, checks the total power generation, checks whether there are any problems with the power generation turbines, and ensures the stable and efficient operation of the system.
[0027] like Figure 4 As shown, a turbine shaft support plate 406 is provided inside the housing 401. The turbine shaft support plate 406 is located on the upper and lower sides of the turbine blades 403. A detachable movable top plate 407 is provided at the upper end of the housing 401. Bearings 408 are provided at the positions where the turbine shaft 402 passes through the turbine shaft support plate 406 and the movable top plate 407. The structure is stable, the transmission is reliable, and it is easy to disassemble and maintain. At the same time, in order to reduce the water flow resistance of the cement at the bottom of the hydroelectric power generation system, a sinking trough 23 is provided at the bottom position of the artificial river channel 1 corresponding to the bottom position of the housing 401. The bottom of the sinking trough 23 is horizontal, and the bottom of the housing 401 is accommodated in the sinking trough 23, so that the turbine shaft 402 can remain vertical, reduce water flow, and improve efficiency.
[0028] The power generation assembly includes a generator 14, a gearbox 15, a speed-increasing shaft 16, a first sprocket and chain drive assembly 17, and a second sprocket and chain drive assembly 18. The speed-increasing shaft 16 is parallel to the turbine shaft 402, and its lower end is rotatably connected to the movable top plate 407 via bearings. The upper end of the turbine shaft 402 is connected to the speed-increasing shaft 16 via the first sprocket and chain drive assembly 17, and the speed-increasing shaft 16 is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox 15 via the second sprocket and chain drive assembly 18. The gearbox 15 is connected to the generator 14 to ensure power generation efficiency. In this embodiment, the connection between the gearbox 15 and the generator 14 also uses a sprocket and chain drive assembly, which helps to further reduce the overall height of the power generation assembly and facilitates the design and installation of the protective cover. The generator 14 is connected to the power transmission assembly, which includes a converter 19, a transformer 20, a power distribution clutch 21, a power transmission line, and a power transmission tower 22 connected in sequence to ensure reliable power transmission.
[0029] The river hydroelectric power generation system of this embodiment has the following advantages: (1) Modular vertical turbine generator set design The turbine generator set adopts an independently encapsulated housing structure, with the outer side of the housing embedded in a groove in the side wall of the artificial waterway, forming a modular integrated unit. This design makes each generator set a standardized component that can be independently disassembled and assembled. During maintenance, only a single module needs to be operated, and it can be hoisted in and out individually without interrupting the operation of the entire waterway.
[0030] (2) Intelligent pneumatic regulation system The regulating cover adopts a variable cross-section flow guiding design (in this embodiment, the angle between the artificial waterway and the regulating cover is adjustable from 0-45°), forming a closed-loop control system with a high-precision flow velocity sensor and a water level sensor. When the inlet flow velocity exceeds the set maximum threshold, the control system drives the cylinder to reduce the opening of the regulating cover, thereby expanding the flow cross-section to bring the flow velocity back to the optimal operating range and avoid turbine overload; when the flow velocity is lower than the set minimum threshold, the opening of the regulating cover increases, creating a Venturi effect to accelerate the water flow, bringing the flow velocity back to the optimal operating range and ensuring power generation efficiency.
[0031] (3) Flow channel morphology design By installing a baffle plate at the inlet of the turbine generator set and adjusting the inlet angle, the incoming water can be directed to the optimal angle to flush the turbine blades, thus improving power generation efficiency. Simultaneously, a sealed guide wall is formed by embedding one side of the turbine generator set within an artificial waterway groove. This significantly reduces the turbulence intensity as water flows through the unit, preventing disordered energy dissipation and mitigating fluctuations in power output and equipment vibration caused by unstable water input energy due to turbulence. This approach improves power generation efficiency while simultaneously extending equipment lifespan and ensuring long-term stable system operation.
[0032] This invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Based on the technical solutions disclosed in this invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some of the technical features without creative effort, and all such substitutions and modifications are within the protection scope of this invention.
Claims
1. A river hydroelectric power generation system comprising a river having a fall, characterised in that: One side of the river channel is provided with an artificial waterway, the entrance and exit of the artificial waterway are communicated with the river channel, a main water gate is arranged at the entrance of the artificial waterway, a plurality of turbine generator sets are sequentially arranged on the artificial river channel, the turbine generator set comprises a shell, a turbine shaft is vertically arranged in the shell, turbine blades are arranged on the turbine shaft, the upper end of the turbine shaft extends out of the top of the shell and is connected with a power generation assembly, a water inlet is arranged on the front side of the shell, a water outlet is arranged on the rear side of the shell, a flow rate sensor and a water level sensor are arranged on the front side of the water inlet, the inner side of the shell is flush with the side wall of the artificial waterway and is hingedly connected with an adjusting cover, the adjusting cover is connected with the telescopic rod of a pneumatic cylinder arranged on the side wall of the artificial waterway, a groove is arranged on the other side wall of the artificial waterway corresponding to the position of the turbine generator set, and the outer side of the shell is arranged in the groove.
2. The riverway hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 1, characterized by: A bypass spillway is arranged between the artificial waterway and the river channel, a first drainage gate is arranged on the bypass spillway, and a second drainage gate is arranged on the rear side of the artificial waterway corresponding to the bypass spillway.
3. The riverway hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 2, characterized by: A preferential drainage channel is arranged on the outer side of the groove corresponding to the turbine generator set, the preferential drainage channel is communicated with the artificial waterway, and a third drainage gate is arranged at the entrance of the preferential drainage channel.
4. The riverway hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 3, characterized by: The main water gate, the first drainage gate, the second drainage gate, the third drainage gate, the pneumatic cylinder, the flow rate sensor, the water level sensor and the power generation assembly are connected with an automatic control system, and a coating is arranged in the river channel and the artificial waterway.
5. The riverway hydroelectric power generation system, as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: An inclined water baffle is arranged between the bottom of the artificial river channel and the lower edge of the adjacent water inlet.
6. The riverway hydroelectric power generation system, as recited in claim 1, characterized by: The turbine blade comprises a central connecting cylinder and a hollow blade, the central connecting cylinder is connected with the turbine shaft, and the root of the hollow blade is detachably connected with the central connecting cylinder.
7. The riverway hydroelectric power generation system, as recited in claim 1, characterized by: The top side of the shell is detachably connected with the side wall of the artificial river channel through bolts.
8. The riverway hydroelectric power generation system, as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: A turbine shaft support plate is arranged in the shell, the turbine shaft support plate is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the turbine blade, a detachable movable top plate is arranged at the upper end of the shell, and bearings are arranged at positions corresponding to the turbine shaft passing through the turbine shaft support plate and the movable top plate.
9. The riverway hydroelectric power generation system, as recited in claim 1, characterized by: The power generation assembly comprises a generator, a transmission, a speed-up shaft, a first sprocket and chain transmission assembly and a second sprocket and chain transmission assembly, the upper end of the turbine shaft is connected with the speed-up shaft through the first sprocket and chain transmission assembly, the speed-up shaft is connected with the output shaft of the transmission through the second sprocket and chain transmission assembly, and the transmission is connected with the generator.
10. The riverway hydroelectric power generation system of claim 9, wherein: The generator is connected with a power transmission assembly, the power transmission assembly comprises a converter, a transformer, a distribution clutch, a power transmission line and a power transmission tower which are sequentially connected.