Acoustic modal test method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides an acoustic modal test method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: controlling at least one sound source device to output a preset audio signal at the same time; acquiring response signals detected by the plurality of sensors; the plurality of sensors are used for respectively executing sound detection at a plurality of detection positions in a compartment area; establishing a geometric model based on the audio signal, the detection position and a response signal detected by the sensor; and analyzing the geometric model to obtain an acoustic modal test result. According to the embodiment of the invention, the acoustic modal test result measured by the method is beneficial to improving the riding experience of passengers.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of acoustic mode measurement, in particular to an acoustic mode test method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of high-speed railways and urban rail transit, train ride comfort has become one of the key indicators for measuring the comprehensive performance. The noise level and acoustic characteristics in the vehicle have a direct impact on the passenger's ride experience, especially the distribution and excitation of acoustic modes, which are the main source of prominent acoustic problems such as low-frequency booming and uneven sound pressure distribution.

[0003] In recent years, acoustic mode recognition technology based on acoustic cameras and distributed sensor arrays has been applied to some extent. However, these methods are still generally limited by high equipment costs, complex test procedures, and difficult data processing. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a vehicle acoustic mode test method with high precision, strong anti-interference ability, and adaptability to complex train operating environments, thereby providing effective data support for vehicle body acoustic optimization and low-noise design. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the embodiments of the present application provide an acoustic mode test method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium to realize accurate measurement of acoustic modes.

[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide an acoustic mode test method, which comprises: controlling at least one sound source device to simultaneously output a preset acoustic signal; obtaining a response signal detected by a plurality of sensors; the plurality of sensors are used to perform sound detection at a plurality of detection positions in a vehicle compartment area; establishing a geometric model based on the acoustic signal, the detection position, and the response signal detected by the sensor; analyzing the geometric model to obtain an acoustic mode test result.

[0006] In a feasible implementation, the frequency of the acoustic signal is 10-800 Hz; the acoustic signal includes at least one of white noise and pink noise; The sound source device includes at least one of the following: a dodecahedron non-directional sound source device and a volume sound source device.

[0007] In a feasible implementation, the at least one sound source device is located at a preset position inside the vehicle compartment; the at least one sound source device is used to provide a stable internal sound field for the vehicle compartment; The vehicle compartment is placed in a target area, and the decibel in the target area is lower than a preset decibel.

[0008] In an implementation, the at least one sound source device is located at a preset position inside the vehicle cabin; the at least one sound source device is configured to provide a stable interior sound field inside the vehicle cabin. The vehicle cabin is located in a target area; the target area is provided with a plurality of external sound source devices located outside the vehicle cabin, and the external sound source devices are configured to restore the external sound field when the vehicle is running.

[0009] In an implementation, a geometric model is established based on the sound frequency signal, the detection positions, and the response signals detected by the sensors, including: A geometric model is created in accordance with the scale of the vehicle cabin. The geometric model is provided with node information and connection information between nodes; each node corresponds to a detection position of a sensor, and stores a response signal detected by the sensor at the detection position.

[0010] In an implementation, the geometric model is analyzed to obtain sound modal test results, including: Based on the geometric model, a frequency response function and a coherence coefficient of each node are calculated; the frequency response function is used to represent the relationship between the response signal and the sound frequency signal, and the coherence coefficient is used to evaluate the quality of the response signal. For each node, the frequency response functions obtained by multiple measurements at the node are averaged to obtain a processed frequency response function. Based on the processed frequency response functions of all nodes, sound modal test results are obtained.

[0011] In an implementation, based on the processed frequency response functions of all nodes, sound modal test results are obtained, including: Based on the processed frequency response functions of all nodes, a steady-state diagram is calculated by a modal parameter identification method. Based on the poles in the steady-state diagram that meet the preset stability requirements, sound modal test results including natural frequency, damping ratio, and mode shape are obtained; the poles are used to describe the dynamic characteristics of the interior acoustic system of the vehicle cabin.

[0012] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide a sound modal test device, including: A control module is configured to control at least one sound source device to simultaneously output a preset sound frequency signal. A detection module is configured to obtain response signals detected by a plurality of sensors; the plurality of sensors are configured to perform sound detection at a plurality of detection positions in the vehicle cabin area. a model building module, configured to build a geometric model based on the audio signal, the detection positions, and the response signals detected by the sensors; an analysis module, configured to analyze the geometric model to obtain a sound modal test result.

[0013] In an implementation, the audio signal has a frequency of 10-800 Hz; and the audio signal comprises at least one of a white noise signal and a pink noise signal. The sound source device comprises at least one of a dodecahedron non-directional sound source device and a volume sound source device.

[0014] In an implementation, the at least one sound source device is located at a preset position inside the vehicle cabin; and the at least one sound source device is configured to provide a stable internal sound field inside the vehicle cabin. The vehicle cabin is located in a target area, and the decibel in the target area is lower than a preset decibel.

[0015] In an implementation, the at least one sound source device is located at a preset position inside the vehicle cabin; and the at least one sound source device is configured to provide a stable internal sound field inside the vehicle cabin. The vehicle cabin is located in a target area; and the target area is provided with a plurality of external sound source devices located outside the vehicle cabin, and the external sound source devices are configured to restore an external sound field when the vehicle is running.

[0016] In an implementation, the model building module is configured to build a geometric model based on the audio signal, the detection positions, and the response signals detected by the sensors, so as to: create a geometric model in which a vehicle cabin is set in a same proportion; The geometric model is provided with node information and connection information between nodes; each node corresponds to a detection position of a sensor, and stores a response signal detected by the sensor at the detection position.

[0017] In an implementation, the analysis module is configured to analyze the geometric model to obtain a sound modal test result, so as to: calculate a frequency response function and a coherence coefficient of each node based on the geometric model; the frequency response function is used to represent a relationship between the response signal and the audio signal, and the coherence coefficient is used to evaluate a quality of the response signal; for each node, average the frequency response functions obtained by multiple measurements at the node to obtain a processed frequency response function; obtain a sound modal test result based on the processed frequency response functions of all nodes.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the analysis module is configured to obtain the acoustic modal test result based on the processed frequency response functions of all the nodes, and the acoustic modal test result is used for: calculating a steady-state map based on the processed frequency response functions of all the nodes by a modal parameter identification method; obtaining the acoustic modal test result including the natural frequency, the damping ratio and the vibration mode based on the poles meeting the preset stability requirement in the steady-state map, and the poles are used to describe the dynamic characteristics of the acoustic system in the vehicle cabin.

[0019] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide an electronic device, including a processor, a storage medium and a bus, the storage medium stores machine readable instructions executable by the processor, when the electronic device is running, the processor and the storage medium communicate through the bus, and the processor executes the machine readable instructions to perform the steps of the method in any one of the first aspect.

[0020] In a fourth aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer readable storage medium, the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to perform the steps of the method in any one of the first aspect.

[0021] The acoustic modal test method, device, electronic device and storage medium provided by the embodiments of the present application can provide a stable and energy-distributed uniform internal sound field in the vehicle cabin to be detected by controlling at least one sound source device to output a preset acoustic signal at the same time.

[0022] Then, the acoustic modal test result in the vehicle cabin can be analyzed based on the acoustic signal, the detection positions and the geometric model established based on the response signals of the detection positions, and the acoustic modal test result can accurately reveal the inherent dynamic characteristics of the acoustic system in the vehicle cabin, so as to improve the riding experience of passengers based on the acoustic modal test result.

[0023] In order to make the above objectives, characteristics and advantages of the present application more apparent and easy to understand, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail below, and the accompanying drawings are described as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be considered as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.

[0025] Figure 1 A flow chart of a sound modal test method provided by an embodiment of the application is shown.

[0026] Figure 2 A structural diagram of a test support provided by an embodiment of the application is shown.

[0027] Figure 3 A flow chart of another sound modal test method provided by an embodiment of the application is shown.

[0028] Figure 4 A structural diagram of a sound modal test device provided by an embodiment of the application is shown.

[0029] Figure 5 A structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will be combined with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application to make a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the accompanying drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0031] With the rapid development of high-speed railways and urban rail transit, high-speed trains, bullet trains and airplanes have become the preferred means of transportation for long-distance travel. In this context, the comfort of passengers in the closed space of the car and the cabin has become one of the key indicators of its overall performance. However, the noise level and acoustic characteristics in such a closed space have a direct impact on the passenger's ride experience. Among them, the distribution and excitation of sound modes are the main source of prominent acoustic problems such as low-frequency booming and uneven sound pressure distribution.

[0032] Imagine that when passengers are in a closed space, if the vibration frequency of the car structure coincides with the frequency of a certain order of the internal acoustic space, it will cause strong acoustic-structure coupling resonance and produce unbearable low-frequency booming sound, which will greatly reduce the user's ride comfort experience. Therefore, it is urgently needed to accurately detect the sound modal parameters inside the car to guide the seat layout, interior optimization and active noise control strategy, and to avoid or weaken the above resonance problems from the root.

[0033] In recent years, the acoustic modal identification technology based on acoustic camera and distributed sensor array has been applied to a certain extent. However, these methods are still generally subject to high equipment cost, complex test process, weak anti-interference ability in complex operating environment, and difficult data processing. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a train interior acoustic modal test method with high precision, strong anti-interference ability, and adaptability to complex train operating environment, so as to provide effective and reliable data support for train body acoustic optimization and low-noise design.

[0034] Based on this, the embodiment of the application provides a kind of acoustic modal test method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium, which are described below by embodiment.

[0035] For the convenience of understanding the present embodiment, the present application takes the measurement of acoustic modal in train compartment as an example to introduce the acoustic modal test method provided by the present application in detail. Figure 1 As shown in the flow chart of one kind of acoustic modal test method, the following steps are included: Step 101, control at least one sound source device to output preset sound frequency signal simultaneously.

[0036] The sound source device is set at a specific position inside the compartment, which can provide a stable internal sound field inside the compartment. When the compartment is long and large, multiple sound source devices can be set to improve the stability of the sound field. By controlling these sound source devices to output preset sound frequency signals simultaneously, the sound field inside the compartment can be ensured to be stable.

[0037] Illustratively, the sound source device includes at least one of the following: dodecahedron non-directional sound source device, volume sound source device.

[0038] The dodecahedron non-directional sound source device can accurately detect and feedback its volume velocity signal, which serves as the excitation reference of acoustic modal test, and is combined with the sound pressure response signal collected by the microphone arranged at each detection position in the compartment to calculate the frequency response function. The volume sound source device can provide high sound pressure level and high stability acoustic excitation in low frequency range, and its equivalent volume acceleration can be accurately calculated through internal structure parameters and driving signal, which can also serve as a high-quality reference signal to ensure high signal-to-noise ratio test data in full frequency range, especially in low frequency range.

[0039] The sound source device realizes data interaction between the data acquisition signal source and the computer.

[0040] To accurately simulate the actual acoustic environment perceived by passengers during train operation and to obtain acoustic modal parameters with high engineering value, this application sets the excitation frequency range of the audio signal to 10 Hz to 800 Hz. This range fully covers the main frequency bands that may cause low-frequency rumbling and resonance within the train carriage. The audio signal includes at least one of white noise and pink noise signals, and its wideband characteristics allow for the efficient excitation of all potential acoustic modes within this range in a single operation.

[0041] Step 102: Acquire response signals detected by multiple sensors; the multiple sensors are used to perform sound detection at multiple detection locations within the carriage area.

[0042] Sensors are devices used to detect sound; for example, a sensor could be a microphone. The sensors are evenly distributed throughout the space inside the train carriage. For instance, multiple microphones can be simultaneously placed inside the carriage by installing microphone racks.

[0043] For example, in such Figure 2 A microphone is fixed at each intersection point of the bracket shown (considered the detection points), and the bracket is then placed inside one of the cross-sections of the carriage. This allows the response signals at each intersection point on this cross-section to be detected.

[0044] It is important to note that Figure 2 The structure of the bracket shown is only a reference. When measuring inside the actual carriage, the shape of the bracket can be designed comprehensively based on the seat position and shape inside the carriage, as well as the structure of the carriage (such as the position of the luggage rack), so as to achieve the effect of evenly arranging multiple sensors on a cross-section in the longitudinal direction of the carriage.

[0045] After the sound source device emits a preset audio frequency signal, the sound waves will reflect and superimpose with the walls inside the enclosed carriage, forming a complex standing wave field and acoustic modes. This results in significant differences in the actual sound pressure level and frequency response at different spatial locations within the carriage. To accurately reproduce the spatial distribution characteristics of the three-dimensional sound field inside the carriage and obtain representative acoustic response signals, a high-density distribution of sound points is required within the space.

[0046] Therefore, this embodiment provides an optional sensor deployment scheme: sensors can be installed on multiple cross-sections along the longitudinal direction of the carriage, such as... Figure 2 The sensor brackets shown can be installed at regular intervals (e.g., 1 meter), or one can be fixed behind each row of seats. In this way, a uniformly distributed three-dimensional array of measuring points can be formed inside the carriage, thereby ensuring that response signals with high spatial resolution can be detected synchronously and across the entire area, laying a data foundation for the high-precision identification of subsequent acoustic modal parameters.

[0047] In another embodiment, considering that if multiple cross-section sensor arrays are simultaneously arranged in the vehicle cabin, the response signals of all sensors need to be received in parallel, which can cause problems such as inter-channel crosstalk, excessive system complexity, and excessive data processing burden.

[0048] To overcome the above problems, in a more preferred embodiment, the response signals are collected in the following way: in view of the fact that the sound source device can provide a highly stable steady-state sound field inside the vehicle cabin, the response signals of different cross-sections can be collected sequentially. Specifically, a movable sensor support can be used to first arrange and collect the response signals of the first target cross-section; after collecting for a certain period of time, the support is moved as a whole to the next cross-section (for example, 1 meter longitudinally along the vehicle cabin), and data collection is continued. In this way, the measurement of all target cross-sections can be sequentially completed from the front to the rear of the vehicle.

[0049] The advantage of this scheme is that only a limited number of sensors of one cross-section are involved in each measurement, which significantly reduces the system complexity and hardware cost, effectively avoids the interference problems that can be introduced by multi-channel parallel collection, and simplifies the subsequent data processing process.

[0050] Further, by limiting the distance by which the support is moved as a whole to the next cross-section, the detection position of each sensor can be effectively determined, which provides a guarantee for the accuracy of the geometric model constructed subsequently.

[0051] Step 103, based on the sound signal, the detection position, and the response signal detected by the sensor, a geometric model is established.

[0052] Based on the known input (sound signal) and measured output (response signal), a digital model containing the acoustic response data of all positions is constructed in a geometric space defined by the measurement point coordinates (detection positions). This model is the physical and mathematical basis for subsequent acoustic modal analysis.

[0053] The sound signal is the known excitation signal emitted by the sound source device, which serves as the system input or reference benchmark. When calculating the frequency response function subsequently, the response signal needs to be compared with this original excitation signal.

[0054] The detection position is the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of all sensors (microphones) in the vehicle cabin space; they define the geometric structure and nodes of the model. These detection positions become "nodes" in the model, and the relative positional relationship between them constitutes the geometric shape of the acoustic cavity.

[0055] The response signal is the sound pressure signal detected by each sensor at its respective position excited by the sound signal. These data are "bound" to the corresponding nodes of the geometric model, representing the acoustic response of the position under excitation.

[0056] The geometric model established according to the information can better restore and analyze the sound mode information in the vehicle cabin.

[0057] For example, the geometric model can be established according to the following manner: A geometric model is created according to the scale of the vehicle cabin; the geometric model is provided with node and connection information between nodes; each node corresponds to a detection position of a sensor and stores a response signal detected by the sensor at the detection position.

[0058] That is, according to the "detection position" of all sensors, a three-dimensional grid model representing the acoustic cavity in the vehicle cabin is created in the computer in a scaled manner. The position of each sensor is a node of the model. The "audio signal" and the "response signal" measured at each node are associated, which helps to calculate the frequency response function of each node. At this time, the model is no longer an empty shell, but a digital model of an acoustic system containing rich physical properties (each node has its frequency response characteristics).

[0059] In step 104, the geometric model is analyzed to obtain a sound mode test result.

[0060] Since the geometric model stores the audio signal and the response signal of each node, the sound mode test result can be obtained by mathematical analysis of the geometric model.

[0061] In the analysis, the parameters of the sound mode can be calculated by the following formula:

[0062] Wherein, p: sound pressure, equivalent to displacement in the structure. : Time second-order derivative of sound pressure, equivalent to acceleration in the structure. : Laplace operator of sound pressure p in space. This represents the tendency of sound pressure to diffuse from high pressure area to low pressure area, which can be understood as the "spatial change" of sound. c: sound velocity. : Medium density. : Time rate of change of volume velocity of a monopole sound source (i.e. "volume acceleration"). The on the right side of the equation is the sound source term, which is the "driving force" to produce sound.

[0063] The equation can be transformed (add damping and discretization) to obtain the following equation:

[0064] Wherein, : Time first-order derivative of sound pressure, equivalent to velocity in the structure. : Sound mass matrix, analogous to the mass matrix in a structure. : Sound damping matrix, analogous to the damping matrix in a structure (representing energy loss, such as energy absorbed by walls). : Acoustic stiffness matrix, analogous to the stiffness matrix in a structure (related to the volume and shape of the cavity, representing the "elasticity" of the air).

[0065] For example, Figure 3 A flowchart of another acoustic modal testing method provided in an embodiment of this application is shown, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the geometric model is analyzed to obtain the acoustic modal test results, including: Step 301: Based on the geometric model, calculate the frequency response function and coherence coefficient of each node; the frequency response function is used to represent the relationship between the response signal and the audio signal, and the coherence coefficient is used to evaluate the quality of the response signal.

[0066] The frequency response function is central to describing system dynamics. It quantitatively expresses the transmission relationship between the audio signal (input) and the response signal (output). In acoustic modal testing, it is typically expressed as: sound pressure / (volume velocity). The coherence coefficient is a value between 0 and 1 used to evaluate the quality and reliability of the measured frequency response function. The coherence coefficient helps determine which frequency response data are reliable. For example, the coherence coefficient is typically close to 1 at resonance peaks, while it decreases at anti-resonance points or in noisy frequency bands.

[0067] Step 302: For each node, the frequency response function obtained from multiple measurements at the node is averaged to obtain the processed frequency response function.

[0068] Under identical conditions, repeated measurements at each node yield a set of frequency response functions. Due to the presence of random noise, the frequency response functions measured each time will have slight differences. By averaging the frequency response functions from multiple measurements, random noise can be suppressed, the signal-to-noise ratio improved, and a stable and reliable frequency response function obtained.

[0069] Step 303: Based on the frequency response function of all nodes after processing, obtain the acoustic modal test results.

[0070] For example, in one optional implementation, the acoustic modal test results are obtained based on the frequency response function after processing all nodes, including: Based on the frequency response function after processing all nodes, a steady-state diagram is calculated using a modal parameter identification method. Based on the poles in the steady-state diagram that meet the preset stability requirements, acoustic modal test results containing natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes are obtained. These poles are used to describe the dynamic characteristics of the acoustic system inside the carriage.

[0071] In this scheme, the method first calculates the steady-state diagram in the modal identification process according to the selected frequency range and the measured frequency response function, and intuitively presents the distribution of the system poles under different model orders through the steady-state diagram; then, according to preset criteria such as frequency stability, damping stability and mode correlation, the required stable poles are selected from the diagram.

[0072] Each stable pole directly corresponds to a first-order mode of the acoustic system, from which the following core parameters can be extracted: (1) natural frequency, i.e., the specific frequency at which the system resonates; (2) damping ratio, reflecting the decay rate of energy under this resonance mode; (3) mode shape, representing the distribution of sound pressure in the three-dimensional space inside the vehicle cabin at the resonance frequency, i.e., the relative amplitude and phase relationship of the sound pressure at each measurement point in the form of a standing wave.

[0073] The natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shape identified in this way together constitute the complete acoustic modal test results, accurately revealing the inherent dynamic characteristics of the acoustic space inside the vehicle cabin, and providing key data support for the acoustic design and optimization of the vehicle cabin.

[0074] The frequency response functions of all the nodes after processing are input into a preset algorithm (such as a modal parameter identification algorithm) as a complete data set, and a unified mathematical model can be found through global fitting to best describe the entire data set. Thus, (1) natural frequency: the frequencies at which the system will resonate; (2) damping ratio: the energy decay rate of the resonance peak; (3) mode shape: the relative amplitude and phase distribution of sound pressure at all measurement points at each resonance frequency, i.e., the form of the standing wave in three-dimensional space.

[0075] The natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shape identified in this way, as the core parameters of acoustic modes, together reveal the inherent dynamic characteristics of the acoustic space inside the vehicle cabin.

[0076] The acoustic modal test method and device provided by the embodiments of the present application, the electronic device and the storage medium can provide a stable and energy-distributed internal sound field inside the vehicle cabin to be detected by controlling at least one sound source device to output a preset acoustic signal at the same time. At this time, the response signal corresponding to the acoustic signal can be detected synchronously by the sensors arranged at multiple detection positions in the vehicle cabin area.

[0077] Then, the acoustic modal test results inside the vehicle cabin can be analyzed based on the geometric model established based on the acoustic signal, the detection positions and the response signals of each detection position. The acoustic modal test results can accurately reveal the inherent dynamic characteristics of the acoustic system inside the vehicle cabin, so as to improve the riding experience of passengers based on the acoustic modal test results.

[0078] In one feasible implementation, the at least one sound source device is located at a preset position inside the carriage; the at least one sound source device is used to provide a stable internal sound field inside the carriage; the carriage is placed in a target area where the decibel level is lower than a preset decibel level.

[0079] The target area is a space large enough to accommodate the train carriage, such as a laboratory. Sound-absorbing equipment (sound-absorbing panels, etc.) installed in the laboratory ensures that the noise level inside the laboratory is below a preset decibel level. This way, the train carriage will not be disturbed by external noise during testing in the target area.

[0080] The advantage of this approach is that, by placing the vehicle cabin in a noise-reducing environment before it leaves the factory, accurate acoustic modal test results can be obtained, allowing for a thorough evaluation of the cabin design. In other words, it provides a set of clean, high signal-to-noise ratio baseline acoustic data during the critical stages of vehicle development and production. The acoustic modal parameters (natural frequencies, damping ratios, mode shapes) revealed by this data are the most direct basis for objectively evaluating the rationality of the cabin structural design and the selection of interior acoustic materials.

[0081] In one feasible implementation, the at least one sound source device is located at a preset position inside the carriage; the at least one sound source device is used to provide a stable internal sound field inside the carriage; the carriage is stationary in the target area; the target area is provided with a plurality of external sound source devices located outside the carriage, the external sound source devices being used to reproduce the external sound field when the vehicle is in motion.

[0082] Assuming the target area remains a laboratory, the core of this approach lies in simulating real-world conditions and evaluating the overall performance of the vehicle system under combined acoustic field excitation. During actual driving, the vehicle cabin, as a complete acoustic system, simultaneously experiences complex excitations from both internal and external sound fields (such as wind noise, road noise, and engine noise). These external sound fields interact with the internal acoustic modes of the cabin, creating an "acoustic-structure coupling" effect that significantly alters its vibration characteristics.

[0083] By using external sound source equipment placed outside the vehicle in a laboratory environment to faithfully reproduce the target road spectrum (such as noise during high-speed cruising, rough road surfaces, or tunnel passage), this method can accurately reproduce this complex coupling state. This allows the test results to truly reflect the acoustic environment actually perceived by passengers under specific driving conditions, directly affecting the end-user's riding experience.

[0084] Based on the same technical concept, embodiments of this application also provide an acoustic modal testing device, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium, etc., as detailed in the following embodiments.

[0085] In a feasible implementation plan Figure 4A schematic diagram of the structure of an acoustic modal testing device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown, as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the device includes: The control module 401 is used to control at least one sound source device to simultaneously output a preset audio signal.

[0086] The detection module 402 is used to acquire response signals detected by multiple sensors; the multiple sensors are used to perform sound detection at multiple detection locations within the carriage area.

[0087] The model building module 403 is used to build a geometric model based on the audio signal, the detection position, and the response signal detected by the sensor.

[0088] Analysis module 404 is used to analyze the geometric model and obtain acoustic modal test results.

[0089] In one feasible implementation, the frequency of the audio signal is 10 Hz to 800 Hz; the audio signal includes at least one of white noise signal and pink noise signal.

[0090] The sound source device includes at least one of the following: a dodecahedral omnidirectional sound source device, and a volumetric sound source device.

[0091] In one feasible implementation, the at least one sound source device is located at a preset position inside the carriage; the at least one sound source device is used to provide a stable internal sound field inside the carriage.

[0092] The carriage is placed in the target area, where the decibel level is lower than a preset decibel level.

[0093] In one feasible implementation, the at least one sound source device is located at a preset position inside the carriage; the at least one sound source device is used to provide a stable internal sound field inside the carriage.

[0094] The carriage is placed in the target area; the target area is equipped with multiple external sound source devices located outside the carriage, which are used to reproduce the external sound field when the vehicle is in motion.

[0095] In one feasible implementation, the model building module is used to establish a geometric model based on the audio signal, the detection location, and the response signal detected by the sensor, for the following purposes: Create a geometric model that is scaled up to the size of the carriage.

[0096] The geometric model includes nodes and the connection information between them; each node corresponds to a detection position of the sensor and stores the response signal detected by the sensor at that detection position.

[0097] In one feasible implementation, an analysis module is used to analyze the geometric model to obtain acoustic modal test results, for the purpose of: Based on the geometric model, the frequency response function and coherence coefficient of each node are calculated; the frequency response function is used to represent the relationship between the response signal and the audio signal, and the coherence coefficient is used to evaluate the quality of the response signal.

[0098] For each node, the frequency response function obtained from multiple measurements at that node is averaged to obtain the processed frequency response function.

[0099] Based on the frequency response function after processing all nodes, the acoustic modal test results are obtained.

[0100] In one feasible implementation, the analysis module is used to obtain the acoustic modal test results based on the frequency response function processed by all nodes, for the following purposes: The steady-state diagram is calculated based on the frequency response function after processing all nodes using the modal parameter identification method.

[0101] Based on the poles in the steady-state diagram that meet the preset stability requirements, the acoustic modal test results, including natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shape, are obtained; the poles are used to describe the dynamic characteristics of the acoustic system inside the carriage. Figure 5 The diagram illustrates the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application, including: a processor 501, a storage medium 502, and a bus 503. The storage medium 502 stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor 501. When the electronic device runs the acoustic modal testing method as described in the embodiment, the processor 501 communicates with the storage medium 502 via the bus 503, and the processor 501 executes the machine-readable instructions to perform the steps as described in the embodiment.

[0102] In this embodiment, the storage medium 502 may also execute other machine-readable instructions to perform other methods as described in the embodiment. For details on the specific execution steps and principles, please refer to the description of the embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0103] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that is executed by a processor to perform the steps as described in the embodiments.

[0104] In this embodiment, the computer program, when run by the processor, can also execute other machine-readable instructions to perform other methods as described in the embodiments. For details on the specific execution steps and principles, please refer to the description of the embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0105] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Additionally, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some communication interface; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or modules may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0106] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0107] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0108] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a processor-executable, non-volatile, computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0109] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of acoustic modal testing, characterized by, The method comprises: controlling at least one sound source device to simultaneously output a preset sound signal; obtaining a response signal detected by a plurality of sensors; the plurality of sensors are used to perform sound detection at a plurality of detection positions in a vehicle cabin area respectively; based on the sound signal, the detection position and the response signal detected by the sensor, a geometric model is established; the geometric model is analyzed to obtain a sound modal test result.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The frequency of the sound signal is 10-800 Hz; the sound signal comprises at least one of white noise signal and pink noise signal; The sound source device comprises at least one of the following: a dodecahedron non-directional sound source device and a volume sound source device.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The at least one sound source device is located at a preset position inside the vehicle cabin; the at least one sound source device is used to provide a stable internal sound field inside the vehicle cabin; The vehicle cabin is placed in a target area, and the decibel in the target area is lower than a preset decibel.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The at least one sound source device is located at a preset position inside the vehicle cabin; the at least one sound source device is used to provide a stable internal sound field inside the vehicle cabin; The vehicle cabin is placed in a target area; the target area is provided with a plurality of external sound source devices located outside the vehicle cabin, and the external sound source devices are used to restore the external sound field when the vehicle is running.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, Based on the sound signal, the detection position and the response signal detected by the sensor, a geometric model is established, which comprises: creating a geometric model set in proportion to the vehicle cabin; The geometric model is provided with node and connection information between nodes; each node corresponds to a detection position of a sensor, and stores a response signal detected by the sensor at the detection position.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The geometric model is analyzed to obtain a sound modal test result, which comprises: Based on the geometric model, the frequency response function and the coherence coefficient of each node are calculated; the frequency response function is used to represent the relationship between the response signal and the sound signal, and the coherence coefficient is used to evaluate the quality of the response signal; For each node, the frequency response functions obtained by multiple measurements at the node are averaged to obtain a processed frequency response function; Based on the processed frequency response functions of all nodes, a sound modal test result is obtained.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, Based on the processed frequency response functions of all nodes, a sound modal test result is obtained, which comprises: Based on the processed frequency response functions of all nodes, a steady-state diagram is calculated by a modal parameter identification method; Based on the poles in the steady-state diagram that meet the preset stability requirements, a sound modal test result containing natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shape is obtained; the poles are used to describe the dynamic characteristics of the internal acoustic system of the vehicle cabin.

8. An acoustic modal testing apparatus, characterized by, The device comprises: a control module for controlling at least one sound source device to simultaneously output a preset sound signal; a detection module for obtaining a response signal detected by a plurality of sensors; the plurality of sensors are used to perform sound detection at a plurality of detection positions in a vehicle cabin area respectively; a model building module for establishing a geometric model based on the sound signal, the detection position and the response signal detected by the sensor; an analysis module for analyzing the geometric model to obtain a sound modal test result.

9. An electronic device, comprising: It comprises: A processor, a storage medium storing machine readable instructions executable by the processor, and a bus for communication between the processor and the storage medium when the electronic device is running, the processor executing the machine readable instructions to perform the steps of the acoustic modal testing method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program stored on the computer readable storage medium, the computer program when executed by a processor performing the steps of the acoustic modal testing method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

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