Super-elastic and super-tough mechanical shutter blade compounded by carbon fiber and polyimide film

Abstract

The invention relates to a super-elastic and super-tough mechanical shutter blade compounded by carbon fibers and a polyimide film, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical shutters of large optical telescopes. A polyimide film material is pasted on single-layer carbon fiber cloth, or a polyimide film is clamped between two layers of carbon fiber cloth, so that a sandwich structure is formed. And the fiber direction of the carbon fiber cloth and the edge straight line of the blade are staggered at 45 degrees. A resin matrix, carbon fiber cloth and a polyimide film are consolidated in a high-temperature hot pressing forming mode, and the shutter blade front end with super-strong elasticity is manufactured. Due to the addition of the polyimide film material, the carbon fiber cloth at the front end of the carbon fiber mechanical blade has the characteristic of tear resistance and is more tough, and the front end of the blade with a large-size plane of 620 mm * 50 mm is still not broken or damaged under the super-strong elasticity of being bent by nearly 90 degrees.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanical shutter technology for large optical telescopes, specifically relating to a superelastic and super-tough mechanical shutter blade using a composite of carbon fiber and polyimide film. Background Technology

[0002] Large-aperture mechanical shutters are commonly used for exposure control in large optical telescopes. Rotary mechanical shutters are simple in structure and offer significant advantages in reliability. Therefore, a rotating opposing mechanical shutter was adopted in a certain type of large-aperture space optical telescope, consisting of two sets of opposing rotating mechanical shutters arranged in a opposed configuration. When the shutter is closed, it provides seamless light blocking across the entire focal plane. However, the two opposing mechanical blades overlap. If a sudden collision occurs during the opening or closing of the shutter, it can damage the traditional rigid mechanical blades, causing malfunctions in the mechanical shutter and even the telescope itself. In existing technologies, mechanical shutter blades mostly use single carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite materials, which have an elastic modulus of over 200 GPa, but an elongation at break of only 1.5% to 2.0%, and cannot absorb energy through elastic deformation during sudden collisions. Although polyimide films have excellent toughness (elongation at break ≥100%) and resistance to high and low temperatures, their tensile strength is only 150 to 200 MPa, and they cannot meet the strength requirements of the blade structure when used alone. Therefore, it is urgent to achieve synergistic optimization of strength and toughness through composite structure design. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above technical problems, this invention provides a superelastic and super-tough mechanical shutter blade using a composite of carbon fiber and polyimide film. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0004] The carbon fiber mechanical blades are manufactured using a prepreg-layout hot-press molding process. The resin matrix of the elastic section uses a flexible resin formulation to ensure its flexibility. The elastic section is reinforced with carbon fiber to ensure its strength. At the overlapping section at the front end of the shutter blades, a combination of multiple layers of carbon fiber cloth and polyimide film, or a double layer of carbon fiber cloth sandwiching a polyimide film, is used. High-temperature curing forms a 50mm wide × 620mm long elastic blade. This section of the mechanical blade possesses extremely high elasticity and toughness. In the event of a sudden collision, even if the two mechanical blades collide, the impact force can be released through the elastic deformation of the blades, solving the collision damage problem associated with fully rigid mechanical blades.

[0005] Furthermore, the reinforcement of the elastic segment is carbon fiber.

[0006] Furthermore, the reinforcement at the blade tip is a sandwich structure consisting of a combination of multilayer carbon fiber cloth and polyimide film, or carbon fiber cloth sandwiching a polyimide film in between.

[0007] Furthermore, the fiber orientation of the carbon fiber cloth is staggered with the straight line of the blade edge at a 45° angle.

[0008] Furthermore, the carbon fiber cloth and polyimide film are solidified by high-temperature hot pressing.

[0009] Furthermore, the shutter blade substrate sampling flexible resin formulation.

[0010] Furthermore, the polyimide film is preferably 0.1~0.2 mm thick.

[0011] Furthermore, the polyimide film preferably has a tensile strength ≥180MPa and an elongation at break ≥120%.

[0012] Furthermore, the polyimide film is preferably a homopolymer polyimide film.

[0013] Furthermore, the elastic blade is 50mm wide and 620mm long.

[0014] Advantages of this invention:

[0015] Simple structure: It does not change the original mechanical structure, but only adds an elastic section at the front end of the mechanical blade;

[0016] The manufacturing process is simple: a polyimide film is bonded to a single- or double-layer carbon fiber prepreg and then hot-pressed into shape.

[0017] The ultra-elastic and ultra-tough carbon fiber and polyimide composite thin structure of the present invention can be applied in space high-elasticity and high-toughness structures, such as rotating split mechanical shutter blades, and can effectively solve the mechanical protection problem of sudden blade collision when the opening or closing of the space rotating split mechanical shutter fails. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1 is a polyimide film; 2 is a carbon fiber cloth. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, specific embodiments are described below, with reference to the appendix. Figure 1-2 This invention will be further described below.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a superelastic and super-tough mechanical shutter blade using a composite of carbon fiber and polyimide film. Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the entire mechanical shutter blade, including the elastic section and the blade tip. The entire mechanical shutter blade is manufactured using a prepreg-layout hot-press molding process. The blade matrix is ​​a flexible resin formulation to ensure the flexibility of the elastic section. The elastic section is reinforced with carbon fiber to ensure its strength. Multiple layers of carbon fiber cloth 2 are overlapped with polyimide film 1 at the tip of the shutter blade, or the carbon fiber cloth 2 sandwiches the polyimide film 1 in between. Figure 2 As shown in Forms 1 and 2, the fiber orientation of carbon fiber cloth 2 is staggered with the straight line of the blade edge at 45°. It is cured at high temperature to form an elastic blade with a width of 50mm and a length of 620mm. This section of mechanical blade has ultra-high elasticity and toughness. In the event of a sudden collision failure, even if the two mechanical blades collide, the impact force can be released through the elastic deformation of the blades, thus solving the problem of collision damage caused by using fully rigid mechanical blades.

[0023] The polyimide film 1 is preferably a homopolymer polyimide film with a thickness of 0.1~0.2mm, a tensile strength ≥180MPa, an elongation at break ≥120%, and can withstand high and low temperature cycling and vacuum irradiation in the space environment, thus avoiding material aging and failure.

[0024] The composite blade structure of this invention has been verified through the following tests, and its performance meets the requirements for use in space optical telescopes:

[0025] Collision resistance test: Simulating shutter collision conditions, the collision speed is 2m / s. The blades absorb the collision energy through elastic deformation and recover immediately after unloading, without cracks, delamination or fiber breakage.

[0026] Environmental adaptability test: subjected to temperature cycling from -40℃ to +80℃ and 10 -3 After testing in a vacuum environment (100h), the blade tensile strength retention rate was ≥95%, with no aging or cracking.

[0027] Lightweight test: Leaf surface density 1.6 g / cm³ 3 It reduces weight by 40% compared to traditional metal elastic sheets, meeting the lightweight design requirements of space equipment.

[0028] The parts of this invention not described in detail are well-known in the field.

Claims

1. A superelastic and supertough mechanical shutter blade using carbon fiber and polyimide film composite, characterized in that: The mechanical shutter blade consists of an elastic section and a blade tip. The entire mechanical shutter blade is manufactured using a prepreg laying and hot-press molding process. The elastic section is reinforced with a reinforcing body, and a reinforcing body is also installed at the overlapping point of the blade tip.

2. The superelastic and supertough mechanical shutter blade using carbon fiber and polyimide film composite as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcement of the elastic segment is carbon fiber.

3. The superelastic and supertough mechanical shutter blade using carbon fiber and polyimide film composite as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcement at the blade tip is a combination of multi-layer carbon fiber cloth and polyimide film, or carbon fiber cloth sandwiching polyimide film in the middle, forming a sandwich structure.

4. The superelastic and supertough mechanical shutter blade using carbon fiber and polyimide film composite as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The fibers of the carbon fiber cloth are arranged at a 45° angle to the straight line of the blade edge.

5. A superelastic and supertough mechanical shutter blade using carbon fiber and polyimide film composite as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Carbon fiber cloth and polyimide film are bonded together by high-temperature hot pressing.

6. The superelastic and supertough mechanical shutter blade using carbon fiber and polyimide film composite as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The shutter blade substrate uses a flexible resin formulation.

7. A superelastic and supertough mechanical shutter blade using carbon fiber and polyimide film composite as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The preferred thickness of the polyimide film is 0.1~0.2 mm.

8. A superelastic and supertough mechanical shutter blade using carbon fiber and polyimide film composite as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The polyimide film preferably has a tensile strength ≥180MPa and an elongation at break ≥120%.

9. A superelastic and supertough mechanical shutter blade using carbon fiber and polyimide film composite as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The preferred polyimide film is a homopolymer polyimide film.

10. A superelastic and supertough mechanical shutter blade using carbon fiber and polyimide film composite as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible blade is 50mm wide and 620mm long.

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