Industrial high-yield cultivation method for tricholoma lobayense heim

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mushroom cultivation, and discloses a tricholoma lobayense heim industrial high-yield cultivation method which comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a fermentation culture material; s2, mixing the materials and bagging the materials; s3, sterilizing; s4, performing tertiary purification and inoculation; s5, performing regular culture in a culture room; s6, carrying out after-ripening culture; and S7, earthing culture. The raw materials used in the method are naturally composted and biologically fermented, so that the growth of tricholoma lobayense hyphae is facilitated, meanwhile, the cardinal number of germs in the compost is reduced, and the high-temperature sterilization time is shortened; meanwhile, the reed soft filiform scraps are used as main raw materials, lotus seed shells or wood shavings are used as auxiliary materials for planting the tricholoma lobayense heim, export requirements are met, and the production cost is also reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mushroom cultivation, and in particular to a high-yield industrial cultivation method of Tricholoma lobayense. BACKGROUND

[0002] Tricholoma lobayense is a high-quality edible fungus under development, and its commodity name is white pine mushroom. The fruiting body of Tricholoma lobayense is large, the flesh is thick and white, the taste is slightly sweet and delicious, it has a distinct mushroom aroma, and it has good storage resistance, and is suitable for fresh sales and dry processing.

[0003] Currently, Tricholoma lobayense is mainly cultivated using cottonseed hulls and waste mushroom chaff as main materials. How to improve the yield and quality of Tricholoma lobayense is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application provides a Tricholoma lobayense cultivation method with good mushroom type, high biological conversion rate, low production cost, and is suitable for industrial production and export.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present application to solve its technical problems is: A high-yield industrial cultivation method of Tricholoma lobayense is provided, comprising the following steps: S1, preparing wood shavings or lotus seed shell fermentation culture material; S2, mixing and bagging: the following raw materials are added to water according to the weight percentage for mixing and bagging: 60~68% reed soft shavings, 13.5~21.5% lotus seed shell fermentation culture material or wood shavings shaving fermentation culture material, 8~10% vegetable cake or / and bean dregs, 8~10% bran, 1.0~1.1% lime or 1.5% lime, 1% gypsum; S3, sterilization: the fungus bag obtained in S2 is sent to a sterilization cabinet for sterilization; S4, three-stage purification and inoculation: the sterilized fungus bag is sequentially purified through a ten-thousand-level purification room and a thousand-level purification room, and then inoculated in a hundred-level purification room; S5, regular cultivation in a cultivation room: the inoculated fungus bag is placed in a mushroom house for regular cultivation; S6, post-mature cultivation: the fungus bag full of mycelium is post-mature cultivated; S7, soil covering cultivation: the fungus bag after post-mature cultivation is taken out of the bag and sent to a forest land greenhouse for soil covering cultivation.

[0006] In some optional embodiments, in step S1, the lotus seed shell fermentation culture material is prepared according to the following steps: a, 97% lotus seed shell and 3% lime are selected according to the weight percentage, the lime is added to the lotus seed shell, and the moisture and pH value are adjusted to obtain a culture material pile; b, covering the culture material pile with a film, pile fermentation and turning, and obtaining the lotus seed shell fermented culture material.

[0007] In some alternative embodiments, the moisture content of the lotus seed shell fermented culture material is 60% to 65%, the pile fermentation time is 10 to 15 hours, and if water is needed to be added, 3 to 5% concentration of lime water is added, and the turning time is when the moisture in the culture material pile is sufficient and the lotus seed shell is soft.

[0008] In some alternative embodiments, in the step S1, the wood shaving fermented culture material is prepared according to the following steps: Spray clean water to the wood shaving until there is water at the edge of the pile, and turn the pile with a forklift after 15 days. Ensure that the surface of the pile is not dry during the whole fermentation period. Spray water until there is water flowing out of the edge of the pile after it is dry, and ferment for 1 month.

[0009] In some alternative embodiments, the moisture content of the wood shaving or lotus seed shell fermented culture material pile is 60% to 65%, the pH value is ≥7, the width of the pile is 1.2 to 1.5 m, the height is 0.8 to 1.0 m, and the length is ≥1 m.

[0010] In some alternative embodiments, in the step S2, the following raw materials are added to water according to the weight percentage to mix and bag: 68% reed soft silk-like chips, 13.5% lotus seed shell fermented culture material, 8% vegetable cake or / and bean dregs, 8% bran, 1.0 to 1.1% lime, and 1% gypsum; Alternatively, the following raw materials are added to water according to the weight percentage to mix and bag: 68% reed soft silk-like chips, 13.5% wood shaving fermented culture material, 8% vegetable cake or / and bean dregs, 8% bran, 1.5% lime, and 1% gypsum In some alternative embodiments, in the step S2, each raw material is first dry-mixed for 30 minutes, then water is added and stirred for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 60 r / min, the moisture content of the mixed material is 63 to 67%, the pH value is controlled at 8 to 8.3, and the bagging amount is 1250 to 1300 g / bag.

[0011] In some alternative embodiments, in the step S5, the culture conditions are: temperature 26°C to 28°C, humidity 65 to 75%, CO2 concentration ≤2000 ppm, and culture time 25 to 30 days.

[0012] In some alternative embodiments, in the step S6, the culture conditions are: temperature 26°C to 30°C, humidity 65 to 75%, CO2 concentration ≤3000 ppm, and culture time ≥20 days.

[0013] In some alternative embodiments, in the step S7, the soil covering culture is performed according to the following steps: Covering with soil: Deeply turn over the soil inside the greenhouse and remove weeds, adjust the pH value of the soil to 7, spray water to keep warm and seal the greenhouse, spray the whole greenhouse with 800 times dilution of dichlorvos after 5 days, and seal the greenhouse for another 2 days. Covering with soil in the greenhouse: After the mushroom bags have been removed from the bags after the post-ripening culture, they are placed in the forest greenhouse for soil covering and cultivation. After the soil covering is completed, water is sprayed to keep the soil moist and the humidity in the greenhouse is adjusted to 85-95%. Cultivate in the dark until there are obvious mycelia in the soil. Bud formation cultivation: After obvious mycelium appears in the soil, maintain the brightness in the greenhouse above 200 lux and the temperature between 22℃ and 38℃ until buds appear; Bud differentiation culture: After buds appear, maintain a brightness of over 200 lux, a temperature of 22℃~30℃, and a humidity of over 90% in the greenhouse to promote bud differentiation; Mushroom cultivation: After the buds have fully formed, maintain a brightness of 100 lux and a temperature of 20℃~25℃ in the greenhouse. The resulting mushrooms will be white and tender.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The raw materials used in this invention are naturally composted and biologically fermented, which is conducive to the growth of *Pleurotus ostreatus* mycelium, while reducing the number of pathogens in the culture medium and shortening the high-temperature sterilization time. At the same time, using reed filaments as the main raw material, supplemented with lotus seed shells or wood shavings to cultivate *Pleurotus ostreatus*, meets export requirements and also reduces production costs. 2. The *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* mushrooms cultivated using the technology of this invention have a bioconversion rate of ≥75%, intact mushroom shape, thick caps, good morphology, and significantly improved economic benefits. 3. This invention uses forest greenhouses to grow Golden Fortune Mushrooms, which develops the forest economy and improves the forest soil. Detailed Implementation

[0015] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0016] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] This embodiment provides a high-yield cultivation method for the industrialization of Mushroom 'Golden Fortune', including the following steps: S1. Prepare a fermented culture medium of sawdust or lotus seed shells, wherein the lotus seed shell fermented culture medium is prepared according to the following steps: a. Select 97% lotus seed shells and 3% lime by weight percentage, add lime to the lotus seed shells, and adjust the moisture and pH value to obtain the culture medium pile. b. Cover the culture material pile with a film, pile fermentation and turn over, and obtain lotus seed shell fermented culture material. The moisture content of the lotus seed shell fermented culture material of the present embodiment is 60% to 65%, the pile fermentation time is 10 to 15 hours, lime water with a concentration of 3 to 5% is added if water is needed to be supplemented, and the turn over time is when the moisture in the culture material pile is sufficient and the lotus seed shell is soft.

[0018] The wood shaving fermented culture material is prepared according to the following steps: Spray clean water to the wood shaving until there is water at the edge of the pile, and use a forklift to turn over the pile after 15 days. Ensure that the surface of the pile is not dry during the whole fermentation period. Spray water until there is water flowing out at the edge of the pile after the pile is dry. Ferment for 1 month.

[0019] The moisture content of the wood shaving or lotus seed shell fermented culture material pile described above is 60% to 65%, the pH value is ≥7, the width of the pile is 1.2 to 1.5 m, the height is 0.8 to 1.0 m, and the length is ≥1 m.

[0020] S2. Mixing and bagging: the following raw materials are added to water according to the weight percentage for mixing and bagging: 60 to 68% reed filamentous chips, 13.5 to 21.5% lotus seed shell fermented culture material or wood shaving fermented culture material, 8 to 10% vegetable cake or / and bean dregs, 8 to 10% bran, 1.0 to 1.1% lime or 1.5% lime, and 1% gypsum.

[0021] Specifically, in one embodiment, the following raw materials are added to water according to the weight percentage for mixing and bagging: 68% reed filamentous chips, 13.5% lotus seed shell fermented culture material, 8% vegetable cake or / and bean dregs, 8% bran, 1.0 to 1.1% lime, and 1% gypsum.

[0022] In another embodiment, the following raw materials are added to water according to the weight percentage for mixing and bagging: 68% reed filamentous chips, 13.5% wood shaving fermented culture material, 8% vegetable cake or / and bean dregs, 8% bran, 1.5% lime, and 1% gypsum.

[0023] In the above described methods, each raw material is dry mixed for 30 minutes, then water is added and stirred for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 60 r / min. The moisture content of the mixed material is 63 to 67%, the pH value is controlled at 8 to 8.3, and the bagging amount is 1250 to 1300 g / bag.

[0024] S3. Sterilization: the fungus bag obtained in S2 is sent to a sterilization cabinet for sterilization at a sterilization temperature of 100 to 120°C for 6 to 8 hours.

[0025] S4, tertiary purification, inoculation: the sterilized fungus bag is sequentially purified through the ten-thousand-level purification room and the thousand-level purification room, and then inoculated in the hundred-level purification room, and the inoculation amount is 6g / bag; S5, regular cultivation in the cultivation room: the inoculated fungus bag is placed in the mushroom house for regular cultivation, and the cultivation conditions are as follows: temperature 26~28℃, humidity 65~75%, CO2concentration≤2000ppm, and cultivation time 25~30 days; S6, post-culture: the fungus bag with mycelium is post-cultured, and the cultivation conditions are as follows: temperature 26~30℃, humidity 65~75%, CO2concentration≤3000ppm, and cultivation time≥20 days; S7, soil covering cultivation: the fungus bag after post-culture is taken out of the bag and sent to the forest land greenhouse for soil covering cultivation, and the specific steps are as follows: Soil covering treatment: deep ploughing the soil in the greenhouse and removing weeds, adjusting the pH value of the soil to 7, spraying water for heat preservation and smothering the greenhouse, spraying 800 times of dichlorvos in the whole greenhouse after 5 days, and smothering the greenhouse for another 2 days; Soil covering in the greenhouse: the fungus bag after post-culture is taken out of the bag and sent to the forest land greenhouse for soil covering cultivation, and after the soil covering is completed, water is sprayed for moisture retention, and the humidity in the greenhouse is adjusted to 85~95%, and the cultivation is carried out in the dark until there are obvious mycelium in the soil; Bud emergence cultivation: after there are obvious mycelium in the soil, the brightness in the greenhouse is maintained above 200 lux, and the temperature is 22~38℃ until the buds emerge; Bud differentiation cultivation: after the buds emerge, the brightness in the greenhouse is maintained above 200 lux, the temperature is 22~30℃, and the humidity is above 90% to promote bud differentiation; Mushroom cultivation: after the buds are completely formed, the brightness in the greenhouse is maintained at 100 lux, and the temperature is 20~25℃, and the grown mushrooms are white and tender.

[0026] During the growth and harvesting period of Jinfu mushroom, when a cluster of mushrooms is more than half mature, the large ones can be picked, and the small ones cannot be moved, which will wither and die. The picked mushrooms are timely removed from the soil, sliced, dried or refrigerated, and packaged and sold after being frozen.

[0027] The cultivation conditions during the mycelium recovery period are as follows: the temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 20~38℃, water supply is stopped for 3 days, the temperature is higher than 33℃ after 3 days, and high humidity is strictly prohibited; when the temperature is lower than 33℃, the humidity is maintained at 90~95%. The greenhouse can be ventilated once at 9am and around 6pm, and the surrounding crops and small trees can be shaded to maintain the ventilation state overnight, and the greenhouse wind is prohibited to promote the transition to the wet stage and bud emergence.

[0028] The management of the mushroom bud transfer and the weather is related, such as the forecast of heavy rain or continuous rain, the fertilizer water and a large amount of water can be supplemented, the material surface is mainly supplemented, the fertilizer water has compound fertilizer, brown sugar, triacontanol, and the measurement is supplemented.

[0029] It is worth mentioning that: the reed water content of the embodiment is limited, and the reed is cultivated in the later period. Therefore, the weight ratio of reed to water in the culture medium formula is about 1:1.3; the reed rod has poor water retention, and if it is crushed too finely, it will not be breathable, so it is made into reed soft silk to meet the growth of Jinfu mushroom mycelium. After the reed soft silk is digested by the mycelium, it is easy to shrink. The addition of lotus seed shell or wood shaving can avoid shrinkage. The bean dregs and vegetable cake supplement protein, and the price is cheap. The mycelium residue produced in the embodiment can be used to make organic fertilizer, and organic vegetables, fruits, rice and other crops can be planted.

[0030] The above is only an embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent range of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation using the content of the present application specification, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, is also included in the patent protection range of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for industrialization of Tricholoma giganteum, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: S1, preparing sawdust shaving or lotus seed shell fermentation medium; S2, mixing and bagging: the following raw materials are added to water according to the percentage by weight to mix and bag: 60~68% reed soft silk-like chips, 13.5~21.5% lotus seed shell fermentation medium or sawdust shaving fermentation medium, 8~10% vegetable cake or / and bean dregs, 8~10% bran, 1.0~1.1% lime or 1.5% lime, 1% gypsum; S3, sterilization: the fungus bag obtained in S2 is sent to a sterilization cabinet for sterilization; S4, three-stage purification and inoculation: the sterilized fungus bag is sequentially purified through a ten-thousand-level purification room and a thousand-level purification room, and then inoculated in a hundred-level purification room; S5, regular cultivation in a cultivation room: the inoculated fungus bag is placed in a mushroom house for regular cultivation; S6, post-curing cultivation: the fungus bag full of mycelium is subjected to post-curing cultivation; S7, soil covering cultivation: the fungus bag after post-curing cultivation is taken out of the bag and sent to a forest land greenhouse for soil covering cultivation.

2. The high-yield cultivation method of the H. annosus of claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the lotus seed shell fermentation medium is prepared according to the following steps: a. 97% lotus seed shell and 3% lime are selected according to the percentage by weight, the lime is added to the lotus seed shell, and the moisture and pH value are adjusted to obtain a medium pile; b. The medium pile is covered with a film, and the pile is fermented and turned over to obtain the lotus seed shell fermentation medium.

3. The high-yield cultivation method of the H. laetissimus industrialization according to claim 2, characterized in that, The moisture content of the lotus seed shell fermentation medium is 60%~65%, the pile fermentation time is 10h~15h, if water needs to be added, 3~5% lime water is added, and the turning over time is when the internal moisture of the medium pile is sufficient and the lotus seed shell is soft.

4. The high-yield cultivation method of the H. annosus of claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the sawdust shaving fermentation medium is prepared according to the following steps: Clean water is sprayed on the sawdust shaving until there is water at the edge of the pile, the pile is turned over with a forklift after 15 days, and the surface of the pile is ensured to be wet during the entire fermentation period, and water is sprayed until water flows out at the edge of the pile after it dries.

5. The high-yield cultivation method of the H. annosus of claim 2 or 4, characterized in that, The moisture content of the sawdust shaving or lotus seed shell fermentation medium pile is 60%~65%, the pH value is ≥7, the width of the pile is 1.2~1.5m, the height is 0.8~1.0m, and the length is ≥1m.

6. The high-yield cultivation method for *Mushroom arborescens* according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the following raw materials are added to water according to the percentage by weight to mix and bag: 68% reed soft silk-like chips, 13.5% lotus seed shell fermentation medium, 8% vegetable cake or / and bean dregs, 8% bran, 1.0~1.1% lime, 1% gypsum; Alternatively, the following raw materials are added to water according to the percentage by weight to mix and bag: 68% reed soft silk-like chips, 13.5% sawdust shaving fermentation medium, 8% vegetable cake or / and bean dregs, 8% bran, 1.5% lime, 1% gypsum.

7. The high-yield cultivation method of the H. annosus of claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, each raw material is dry-mixed for 30min, then water is added and stirred for 15min, the stirring speed is 60r / min, the moisture content of the mixed material is 63~67%, the pH value is controlled at 8~8.3, and the bagging amount is 1250~1300g / bag.

8. The high-yield cultivation method of the H. annosus of claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the cultivation conditions are: temperature 26℃~28℃, humidity 65~75%, CO2 concentration ≤2000ppm, and cultivation time 25~30 days.

9. The high-yield cultivation method of the H. annosus of claim 1, characterized in that, The step S6, the culture condition is: temperature 26~30℃, humidity 65~75%, CO2 concentration ≤3000ppm, culture time ≥20 days.

10. The high-yield cultivation method of the H. annosus of claim 1, characterized in that, The step S7, the following steps are carried out for the soil culture: Soil treatment: deep plough the soil in the greenhouse and remove weeds, adjust the pH value of the soil to 7, spray water to keep warm and cover the greenhouse, after 5 days, spray the whole greenhouse with 800 times dichlorvos, cover the greenhouse for another 2 days; Enter the greenhouse and cover the soil: after the post-culture of the fungus bag, send it into the greenhouse in the forest land to cover the soil, after the soil covering is completed, spray water to keep moist, and adjust the humidity in the greenhouse to 85~95%, culture under the condition of no light until there are obvious mycelium in the soil; Elongation culture: after the elongation, keep the brightness in the greenhouse above 200 lux, the temperature 22~38℃, until the elongation; Bud differentiation culture: after the elongation, keep the brightness in the greenhouse above 200 lux, the temperature 22~30℃, the humidity above 90%, promote the bud differentiation; Mushroom culture: after the complete formation of the bud, keep the brightness in the greenhouse 100 lux, the temperature 20~25℃, the grown mushrooms are white and tender.