Application of all-trans-retinoic acid in regulation of oxidation resistance and digestion and metabolism capabilities of Ningxiang pigs

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of animal growth regulation, in particular to application of all-trans retinoic acid in regulation of oxidation resistance and digestion and metabolism capacity of Ningxiang pigs. According to the application, all-trans-retinoic acid is added into the Ningxiang pig feed, and the research on the antioxidant capacity of intestinal microorganisms and serum of the Ningxiang pig feed shows that all-trans-retinoic acid can improve the antioxidant capacity of the Ningxiang pig by enhancing the total antioxidant capacity of the Ningxiang pig, changing the diversity of intestinal flora of the Ningxiang pig and changing microbial metabolites and metabolic pathways of the intestinal flora; the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids are promoted, so that the oxidation resistance and digestion and metabolism capabilities of the Ningxiang pigs are enhanced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of animal growth regulation, and particularly relates to application of all-trans retinoic acid in regulating the antioxidant capacity and digestive metabolic capacity of Ningxiang pigs. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of large-scale breeding, the antioxidant capacity and nutrient digestive metabolic capacity of pigs are key traits for evaluating the health status and growth performance of pigs. The health status and growth performance of pigs can directly affect the economic benefits and production efficiency of the pig industry, and breeders and the pig industry have been paying close attention to and exploring how to improve the health status and growth performance of pigs. Ningxiang pigs, as a fine local pig breed in China, have the characteristics of roughage tolerance, strong resistance, early maturity, strong fat storage, tender meat, and delicious meat flavor, and are known as one of the four famous pigs in China. In July 2006, Ningxiang pigs were listed in the first batch of national livestock and poultry genetic resource protection list. However, compared with foreign introduced breeds, Ningxiang pigs have the disadvantages of low lean meat rate, long growth cycle, and not deep opening of germplasm resources and small scale of breeding. Therefore, how to improve the health status and growth performance of Ningxiang pigs in the breeding process is of great importance to improve the promotion value and breeding scale of Ningxiang pigs, and protect the utilization and protection of China's livestock and poultry germplasm resources. SUMMARY

[0003] Based on the above problems, the application discloses application of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in regulating the antioxidant capacity and digestive metabolic capacity of Ningxiang pigs. By adding all-trans retinoic acid to the daily feed of Ningxiang pigs, the serum antioxidant capacity of Ningxiang pigs is improved, and the digestive metabolic capacity of Ningxiang pigs is improved by increasing the abundance and metabolic function of intestinal flora.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the application discloses application of all-trans retinoic acid in regulating the antioxidant capacity and digestive metabolic capacity of Ningxiang pigs, which comprises adding all-trans retinoic acid to the feed of Ningxiang pigs for daily feeding.

[0005] Further, the digestive metabolic capacity is the amino acid biosynthesis and metabolic capacity of Ningxiang pigs.

[0006] Further, the feeding amount of all-trans retinoic acid is 10 mg / kg.bw.

[0007] Beneficial effects: by adding all-trans retinoic acid to the feed of Ningxiang pigs, through the research on the serum antioxidant capacity and intestinal microorganisms, it is found that all-trans retinoic acid can enhance the total antioxidant capacity of Ningxiang pigs, and promote the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids by changing the diversity of intestinal flora and the microbial metabolites and metabolic pathways of intestinal flora, so as to enhance the digestive metabolic capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0008] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative labor.

[0009] Figure 1 OTU Venn diagram of Example 2 control group and ATRA group; wherein, Control is the control group; ATRA is the all-trans retinoic acid feeding group.

[0010] Figure 2 Dilution curve of Example 2;

[0011] Figure 3 PCoA principal coordinate analysis result of Example 2; wherein, A is the door level; B is the genus level (the top 20 genera in relative abundance).

[0012] Figure 4 Door level and genus level dominant species diagram of Example 2;

[0013] Figure 5 PCA score scatter plot of Example 2 sample;

[0014] Figure 6 OPLS-DA diagram of Example 2 ATRA group and control group;

[0015] Figure 7 Differential metabolite screening result of Example 2; wherein, A is the differential metabolite screening volcano plot; B is the differential metabolite violin plot (showing the top 20 differential metabolites in VIP value).

[0016] Figure 8 KEGG metabolite enrichment column chart of Example 2; wherein, the color represents the p value of enrichment analysis (threshold P <0.05), the redder the color, the more significant the enrichment degree, and the number on the column represents the rich factor, and the rich factor represents the proportion of the number of differential metabolites in the pathway in the number of metabolites annotated in the pathway.

[0017] Figure 9 Heat map of Example 2 differential genus and differential metabolite correlation analysis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0019] The experimental object of the present application is Ningxiang pigs, and the addition amount of 10 mg / kg.bw is determined through previous experiments and existing technologies, and the following tests are carried out under the addition amount.

[0020] Example 1 Effect of ATRA on the serum antioxidant capacity of Ningxiang pigs

[0021] Experimental animals: The test was carried out in the Ningxiang pig farm of Changyu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, and 20 Ningxiang pigs were randomly selected for the test.

[0022] Experimental method:

[0023] 1. Ningxiang pig feeding management: the test group was added with 10 mg / kg.bw ATRA (ATRA dissolved in corn oil) in pig feed every morning, and continuously fed for 18 days. The control group was fed with basic pig feed (added with the same amount of corn oil). The basic pig feed: corn, soybean meal, sodium chloride, calcium bicarbonate, stone powder, tannic acid enzyme, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D3 and lysine, etc.

[0024] 2. Collection of Ningxiang pig serum samples

[0025] Blood was collected in the morning after the addition of ATRA the next day, and blood was collected from the anterior vena cava. Centrifuge tubes without anticoagulant were used, and the centrifuge was centrifuged at 3000 r / min for 15 min. The separated serum was stored in the centrifuge tube, temporarily stored in the pig farm-20°C refrigerator, and transported back to the laboratory-80°C refrigerator after the test was completed.

[0026] 3. Determination of Ningxiang pig serum antioxidant indexes

[0027] The detection method and index are shown in Table 1.

[0028] Table 1 Antioxidant performance detection index and method

[0029]

[0030] The experimental results and analysis: the experimental results are shown in Table 2, the serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) concentration of ATRA group is significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). There is no significant difference in the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) (P > 0.05). The SOD, T-AOC, MDA and GSH-Px in animal serum are important indicators reflecting the body's antioxidant capacity, which can reflect the health status of the body by measuring the levels of SOD, T-AOC, MDA and GSH-Px in serum. Retinoic acid is an active factor derived from vitamin A, which has been proved to have multiple functions, including antioxidant effect. The antioxidant capacity of animals is related to the regulation of animal health and reproductive process, and the present study found that the concentration of T-AOC in the serum of Ningxiang pigs fed with ATRA continuously increased significantly, indicating that the addition of ATRA can significantly improve the level of T-AOC in Ningxiang pigs, thereby enhancing their antioxidant capacity.

[0031] Table 2 Effect of ATRA on the antioxidant capacity of Ningxiang pig serum

[0032]

[0033] Note: the same row data with different small letters represent significant difference (P < 0.05), and no letter represents no significant difference (P > 0.05), the same below.

[0034] Example 2 Effect of ATRA on intestinal microorganisms and metabolites of Ningxiang pigs

[0035] Experimental animals and Ningxiang pig feeding management are the same as in Example 1.

[0036] Experimental method:

[0037] 1. Ningxiang pig fecal sample collection: after feeding ATRA, 20 pigs were taken, fresh fecal samples were collected by rectal collection method in the morning, and were placed in frozen tubes and frozen in liquid nitrogen, temporarily stored in the pig farm-20℃ refrigerator, and then transferred to the laboratory-80℃ refrigerator for storage.

[0038] 2. Ningxiang pig fecal sample 16S rDNA detection

[0039] Sample detection method: Meta Amplicon DNA sample detection method: PCR amplification.

[0040] (1) Pretreatment before detection: after thawing the sample on ice, centrifuge and mix thoroughly, detect the sample quality by Nanodrop, and take 30 ng for PCR amplification.

[0041] (2) The PCR amplification system is shown in Table 3 and Table 4.

[0042] Table 3 PCR amplification system of fecal samples of Ningxiang pigs

[0043]

[0044] (3) Amplification primer sequence

[0045] Table 4 16S rDNA V3-V4 region amplification primer sequence

[0046]

[0047] (4) PCR amplification procedure: 94℃ 5 min; 94℃ 30 s, 50℃ 30 s, 72℃ 60 s, 30Cycles; 72℃ 7 min; 4℃ end.

[0048] (5) Agarose gel electrophoresis detection parameters: 1% agarose gel, 170 V voltage, electrophoresis for 30 min.

[0049] (6) Library construction and high-throughput sequencing analysis used Illumina PE250 cloud platform of Nanjing Oveson Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (http: / / 218.2.224.234:8008 / platform / analysis).

[0050] 3. Non-targeted metabolome detection of feces of Ningxiang pigs

[0051] (1) Metabolite extraction: 25 mg of sample was weighed in an EP tube at low temperature, homogenate beads were added, 500 μL of extraction solution (methanol: acetonitrile: water = 2:2:2) was added, and the extraction solution contained isotope-labeled internal standards; vortex for 30 s; homogenize in a homogenizer (35 Hz, 4 min), then transfer to an ice water bath for ultrasonic treatment for 5 min, repeat this step for 3 times; stand at -40℃ for 1 h; centrifuge the sample at 4℃, 12000 rpm for 15 min; take the supernatant to a sample injection bottle for machine detection; mix equal amounts of supernatant from all samples to prepare a QC sample for machine detection.

[0052] (2) On-machine detection: For polar metabolites, the Vanquish (Thermo Fisher Scientific) ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph was used in this test, and the Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide (2.1 mm x 50 mm, 1.7 μm) liquid chromatography column was used for chromatographic separation of the target compound. The liquid chromatography A phase is an aqueous phase containing 25 mmol / L ammonium acetate and 25 mmol / L ammonia water, and the B phase is acetonitrile. The sample disc temperature is 4°C, and the injection volume is 2 μL. The Orbitrap Exploris 120 mass spectrometer can perform mass spectrometry data acquisition under the control of the control software (Xcalibur, Thermo).

[0053] Experimental results and analysis

[0054] 1. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing of intestinal microorganisms of Ningxiang pigs

[0055] (1) Sequence assembly: 12 fecal samples of Ningxiang pigs were subjected to high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rDNA on the Illumina PE 250 sequencing platform. The Fastq data was quality controlled using the Pear software, and sequences containing ambiguous bases, primer mismatch sequences were removed. The sequences were trimmed to remove bases with a quality value less than Q20, and the two end sequences were spliced (merged) according to the overlap relationship of paired-end reads (minimum overlap of 10 bp, p-value of 0.0001) to obtain high-quality sequences. A total of 927118 high-quality sequences were obtained from 12 fecal samples, with an average of 77260 high-quality sequences per sample. Clustering produced a total of 4898 OTUs, of which 4896 OTUs remained after abstraction.

[0056] The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in each sample was detected. The OTU Venn diagram of the control group and the ATRA group is shown in Figure 1 : There are 764 OTUs unique to the control group, 511 OTUs unique to the ATRA group, and 3621 OTUs common to both groups, indicating that the addition of ATRA reduces the abundance of intestinal microbial diversity of Ningxiang pigs.

[0057] (2) Dilution curve of Ningxiang pig fecal samples

[0058] After obtaining the OTUs, a dilution curve was drawn to evaluate whether the current sequencing depth of each sample was sufficient to reflect the microbial diversity contained in the sample. From Figure 2The dilution curves show that the curve flattens out as the number of samples increases, meaning that the number of OTUs does not increase with the number of samples, proving that the sequencing depth is sufficient.

[0059] (3) Effects of ATRA on Alpha diversity of pig feces in Ningxiang

[0060] In community ecology, the alpha diversity of microbial communities is studied, and it reflects the abundance and diversity of the microbial community. Alpha diversity of pig fecal microbiota in Ningxiang was measured using the following alpha diversity indices: Chao1 index, Simpson index, Observed species index, PD whole tree index, and Shannon index. The results are shown in Table 5: there was no significant difference in alpha diversity indices between the control group and the ATRA group (P > 0.05).

[0061] Table 5. Alpha diversity index of pig fecal microbiota in Ningxiang

[0062]

[0063] (4) Effects of ATRA on Beta diversity of pig fecal microbiota in Ningxiang

[0064] Beta diversity PCoA analysis, or Principal Coordinates Analysis, is used to study the similarity or difference in the composition of sample communities. PCoA can reveal the clustering and dispersion of samples in coordinate space, thus providing a better understanding of structural changes in microbial communities under different environmental conditions. Figure 3 PCoA principal coordinate analysis showed that there was overlap between the control group and the ATRA group. The contribution rates of the PC1 axis and the PC2 axis to the results were 30.3% and 17.44%, respectively, indicating that the microbial composition of the control group and the ATRA group had certain similarities.

[0065] (5) Effects of ATRA on the relative abundance of microorganisms in pig manure in Ningxiang

[0066] By analyzing the community structure of samples at the phylum and genus levels, the dominant bacterial genera at different levels can be identified. This experiment, through analysis of the microbial community classification of pig feces from Ningxiang, yielded the following results: Figure 4 (The results shown in the diagram of dominant species at the phylum and genus levels) are as follows: At the phylum level, the top 10 most abundant bacterial groups in the ATRA group are as follows: Figure 4As shown in A, the phylum is Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Spirochaetota, Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Fibrobacterota, Patescibacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Euryarchaeota, and the relative abundance is 82.68%, 8.26%, 4.88%, 1.73%, 0.91%, 0.79%, 0.28%, 0.20%, 0.11%, 0.02% respectively; the top ten relative abundance of the bacterial flora in the control group is as shown in Figure 4 As shown in A, the phylum is Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Spirochaetota, Actinobacteriota, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Patescibacteria, Fibrobacterota, Euryarchaeota, and the relative abundance is 77.97%, 12.43%, 6.17%, 1.76%, 1.01%, 0.23%, 0.15%, 0.08%, 0.04%, 0.04% respectively. Among them, the phylum of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fibrobacterota and Patescibacteria is the dominant phylum in the ATRA group.

[0067] At the genus level, the top 20 relative abundance of bacterial flora in the ATRA group is as shown in Figure 4as shown in Figure B, in turn are Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Clostridia_UCG-014, Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group, RF39, Terrisporobacter, Treponema, Muribaculaceae, uncultured, UCG-005, Romboutsia, Turicibacter, UCG-002, NK4A214_group, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, Lactobacillus, Monoglobus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Eubacterium_siraeum_group, and the relative abundances are in turn 11.05%, 8.55%, 8.29%, 6.20%, 5.51%, 4.85%, 4.70%, 4.58%, 4.00%, 3.87%, 3.84%, 3.13%, 2.91%, 2.61%, 2.57%, 2.50%, 2.16%, 2.12%, 1.07%, 0.90%; the top 20 relative abundances of the control group are as shown in Table 1. Figure 4Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Clostridia_UCG-014, Muribaculaceae, RF39, Treponema, Lactobacillus, uncultured, Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group, UCG-002, Terrisporobacter, UCG-005, NK4A214_group, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Romboutsia, Turicibacter, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Monoglobus, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, 10.44%, 9.55%, 8.04%, 7.04%, 6.15%, 5.59%, 4.94%, 4.85%, 4.61%, 4.30%, 4.17%, 3.57%, 2.78%, 2.02%, 1.60%, 1.44%, 1.38%, 1.38%, 1.29%, 0.95% as shown in Figure B. Among them, the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group, Terrisporobacter, Romboutsia, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Family_XIII_AD3011_group and Monoglobus in the ATRA group was higher than that in the control group.

[0068] (6) Screening of differential genera

[0069] The top 20 genera in terms of relative abundance at the genus level were analyzed by variance analysis, as shown in Table 6. It was found that there were 4 genera with significant differences in relative abundance between the two groups at the genus level. Among them, the relative abundance of Romboutsia, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Monoglobus in the ATRA group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05).

[0070] Table 6 Differential genera of intestinal microorganisms of Ningxiang pigs at the genus level

[0071]

[0072] 3. Effects of ATRA on fecal metabolome of Ningxiang pigs

[0073] (1) Principal component analysis (PCA) of samples

[0074] Principal component analysis (PCA) is to recombine all identified metabolites linearly, so that they reflect as much information as possible of the original variables, so as to achieve the purpose of dimension reduction. It is used to measure the difference of data. From the PCA score scatter plot of samples, it can be seen that there is a certain overlap between the ATRA group and the control group, indicating that the samples within the two groups are similar. Figure 5

[0075] (2) OPLS-DA analysis between groups

[0076] Orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) is a supervised discriminant analysis statistical method, which can effectively reduce the complexity of the model and enhance the interpretability of the model, so as to maximize the difference between groups. The results show that from the OPLS-DA score plot, it can be seen that the sample scores of the ATRA group and the control group are very significant, indicating that there are significant differences in metabolites between the ATRA group and the control group. Figure 6 - OPLS-DA plot of ATRA group and control group.

[0077] (3) Screening of significant metabolite differences

[0078] As shown in Figure 7 - Screening of differential metabolites (A: volcano plot of differential metabolite screening; B: violin plot of differential metabolites (showing the top 20 differential metabolites with VIP values) shows that 329 differential metabolites were screened after ATRA treatment, of which 145 were down-regulated and 184 were up-regulated. Figure 7 ​A). The screened differential metabolites were ranked according to VIP values (top 20 differential metabolites in VIP values), and the contents of crotonoside, guanosine, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole, 8-hydroxyguanine, 3,4-diaminoanisole, N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide, N-(2,5-difluorobenzyl)-1-methoxy-2-propanesulfonamide, Majonoside-R1 and Kipukasin D were increased in the ATRA group compared with the control group; the contents of promethazine, 16-phenoxytetrahydroprostaglandin F2α, zearalenone, methyl oleate, benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium cation, 3-amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-pyrazinecarboxamide, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl glycol, 2-(benzylamino)-2,4,6-cycloheptatriene, 5,6-dihydrouridine, N-acetylarginine, 1-ethyl-5-fluoro-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde were decreased Figure 7 B). It was shown that feeding ATRA had an effect on the metabolism of Ningxiang pigs.

[0079] (4) Differential metabolite pathway analysis

[0080] KEGG analysis found 98 pathways enriched with differential metabolites in the two groups, including biosynthesis of amino acids, tryptophan metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, etc. metabolic pathways (only the top 20 enriched metabolic pathways are shown) Figure 8 -KEGG metabolite enrichment column chart). These metabolic pathways are most relevant to the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, indicating that feeding ATRA can promote the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids in Ningxiang pigs.

[0081] (5) Correlation analysis of differential metabolites and differential genera

[0082] The correlation between the significant difference genus and the significant difference metabolites was analyzed by Spearman network correlation analysis. The results showed that Romboutsia was significantly positively correlated with 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) pyrazole (P < 0.05) and significantly negatively correlated with benzyl dimethyl tetradecyl cation, 2-(benzylamino)-2,4,6-cycloheptatriene, propyl pyridazine, 16-phenoxy tetrahydro prostaglandin F2α, and N-acetylamino acid (P < 0.05). Family_XIII_AD3011_group was significantly negatively correlated with 16-phenoxy tetrahydro prostaglandin F2α, 3-amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-pyrazine carboxyl, and 1-ethyl-5-fluoro-1H-indole-3-carbonyl (P < 0.05). Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was significantly positively correlated with 8-hydroxyguanine, 3,4-diaminoanisole, N-(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene sulfonamide, N-(2,5-difluorobenzyl)-1-methoxy-2-propanone, Kipukasin D, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) pyrazole, and Majonoside-R1 (P < 0.05) and significantly negatively correlated with benzyl dimethyl tetradecyl ammonium cation, 2-(benzylamino)-2,4,6-cycloheptatriene, propyl pyridazine, 16-phenoxy tetrahydro prostaglandin F2α, and N-acetylarginine (P < 0.05). Monoglobus was significantly positively correlated with N-(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene sulfonamide, N-(2,5-difluorobenzyl)-1-methoxy-2-propanone, and Kipukasin D (P < 0.05) and significantly negatively correlated with 3,4-diaminoanisole (P < 0.05). Figure 9 The correlation between the significant difference genus and the significant difference metabolites was analyzed by Spearman network correlation analysis. The results showed that Romboutsia was significantly positively correlated with 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) pyrazole (P < 0.05) and significantly negatively correlated with benzyl dimethyl tetradecyl cation, 2-(benzylamino)-2,4,6-cycloheptatriene, propyl pyridazine, 16-phenoxy tetrahydro prostaglandin F2α, and N-acetylamino acid (P < 0.05). Family_XIII_AD3011_group was significantly negatively correlated with 16-phenoxy tetrahydro prostaglandin F2α, 3-amino-5,6-dimethyl-2-pyrazine carboxyl, and 1-ethyl-5-fluoro-1H-indole-3-carbonyl (P < 0.05). Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was significantly positively correlated with 8-hydroxyguanine, 3,4-diaminoanisole, N-(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene sulfonamide, N-(2,5-difluorobenzyl)-1-methoxy-2-propanone, Kipukasin D, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) pyrazole, and Majonoside-R1 (P < 0.05) and significantly negatively correlated with benzyl dimethyl tetradecyl ammonium cation, 2-(benzylamino)-2,4,6-cycloheptatriene, propyl pyridazine, 16-phenoxy tetrahydro prostaglandin F2α, and N-acetylarginine (P < 0.05). Monoglobus was significantly positively correlated with N-(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene sulfonamide, N-(2,5-difluorobenzyl)-1-methoxy-2-propanone, and Kipukasin D (P < 0.05) and significantly negatively correlated with 3,4-diaminoanisole (P < 0.05).

[0083] From the above analysis, it can be seen that:

[0084] (1) Feeding ATRA changed the relative abundance of intestinal microorganisms in Ningxiang pigs. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Romboutsia, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Monoglobus significantly increased. This indicated that ATRA could change the microbial diversity in the feces of Ningxiang pigs and enhance the absorption of nutrients by Ningxiang pigs.

[0085] (2) ATRA affected the fecal metabolites and metabolic pathways of Ningxiang pigs, and the contents of purine, amide, pyrazole and acetone metabolites were up-regulated, among which amide and acetone metabolites were enriched in the amino acid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathway.

[0086] (3) Spearman network correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Monoglobus in the intestinal microorganisms of Ningxiang pigs fed with ATRA was significantly up-regulated, which changed the intestinal microbial diversity of Ningxiang pigs and enhanced the absorption and metabolism of nutrients in Ningxiang pigs, among which the contents of amide and acetone were up-regulated, which enhanced the metabolism of amino acids and promoted the digestive and metabolic capacity of Ningxiang pigs.

[0087] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. Application of all-trans retinoic acid in regulating the antioxidant capacity and digestive metabolic capacity of Ningxiang pigs, characterized in that, The all-trans retinoic acid is added to the feed of Ningxiang pigs for daily feeding.

2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The digestive metabolic capacity is the amino acid biosynthesis and metabolic capacity of Ningxiang pigs.

3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding amount of the all-trans retinoic acid is 10 mg / kg.bw.

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