Indirect cultivation method for morchella strain bags

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for indirectly cultivating a morchella strain bag, and belongs to the technical field of edible mushrooms. The invention provides a method for indirectly cultivating a morchella strain bag. The method comprises the following steps: (1) indirectly cultivating a strain bag; 2) covering with a mulching film; (3) bag cultivation and fruiting management, wherein bag indirect cultivation comprises outdoor cultivation and indoor frame cultivation. According to the method, a traditional toadstool cultivation method based on a nutrition bag is changed, the method is different from a secondary nutrition bag-free cultivation method, the bag opening is sealed by using the vigorous toadstool strain, the situation that the nutrition bag is polluted by infectious microbes in soil after the bag is buckled is avoided, meanwhile, bidirectional growth of toadstool hyphae in the soil and the nutrition bag matrix can be achieved, and the yield of the toadstool is increased. Nutrient components of the nutrition bag can be conveyed to hyphae growing in soil, the purposes of efficiently utilizing nutrition and improving the yield are achieved, sowing and nutrition bag placing are completed at a time, and raw materials and labor cost for nutrition bag manufacturing, sowing, arch building, film covering and the like are saved by 20%-30%.

Description

[0001] The present application is a divisional application of the application with the application date of December 1, 2019, the application number of 201911209496.2, and the invention title of 'Morel seed bag cultivation method'. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of edible fungi, in particular to a method for indirect cultivation of Morel seed bags. BACKGROUND

[0003] Morel is the general term of Morchella fungi, belonging to Ascomycota, Pezizomycetes, Pezizales and Morchellaceae. It is classified into three groups, namely Yellow morel, Black morel and Rufobrunnea morel. Currently, only some species of Black morel and Rufobrunnea morel can be artificially cultivated.

[0004] Since Ower achieved the success of indoor cultivation of Morel in 1982, there are three modes of industrial cultivation of Morel, namely indoor cultivation based on Ower's patent, field cultivation based on Populus tremuloides substrate and field cultivation based on nutrient bag technology (including facility greenhouse, indoor bed type and indoor frame type, etc.). The cultivation based on nutrient bag technology is the main mode of commercial cultivation of Morel. Under the condition of environmental and climatic conditions, the nutrient bag technology realizes the repeatability of Morel cultivation, but the stability of yield and high cost are still the main factors restricting the cultivation of Morel. The lack of mycelial activity and the pollution of nutrient bag are important factors affecting the yield. Although some inventions attempt to solve the problem of nutrient bag (publication numbers CN110089344A and CN109845577A), the technology has not realized the bidirectional growth of mycelium and the effective transport of nutrients to soil mycelium. The problems of lack of mycelial activity, pollution of nutrient bag, delayed fruiting and unstable yield still exist. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a method for indirect cultivation of Morel seed bags, to solve the problems of bidirectional growth of mycelium and effective transport of nutrients to soil mycelium in the cultivation of Morel in the prior art, lack of mycelial activity, pollution of nutrient bag, delayed fruiting and unstable yield.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: The present application provides a method for indirect cultivation of Morel seed bags, comprising the following steps: 1) Indirect cultivation of bag, including one of the following cultivation methods; (1) Outdoor cultivation: under sterile conditions, the prepared Morel spores are inoculated in the bag, and the inoculation amount is used to cover the material surface of the bag opening. After inoculation, 15~22℃ culture for less than 72 hours, when the spores germinate and the inoculation surface is downward, the spores and culture medium are not easy to fall off. According to the cultivation requirements, the shading shed is set up, the soil is turned over and the soil is prepared. When the soil temperature at 10cm of the ground surface is lower than 20℃, the drip irrigation pipe is arranged, and the soil moisture is lower than 18% when the pre-wetting is carried out 2 days before cultivation. The cultivated bag is inverted and pressed on the soil surface to make it stand upright. (2) Indoor frame cultivation: under sterile conditions, the prepared Morel spores are inoculated in the bag opening, and the inoculation amount is used to cover the material surface of the bag opening. After inoculation, 15~22℃ culture for less than 72 hours, when the spores germinate and the inoculation surface is downward, the spores and culture medium are not easy to fall off. The cultivation substrate is installed in the frame, and the frame length and width specifications are not limited, and the height is 15~35cm, and the material thickness is 10~25cm. When the substrate moisture is lower than 18%, pre-wetting is carried out 2 days before cultivation. The cultivated bag is inverted and pressed on the bed surface to make it stand upright. 2) Covering the film: covering the film is completed on the same day of sowing; 3) Management of bag cultivation of Morel: the air temperature is maintained below 20℃, and the soil temperature is lower than 17℃. After 7 days, a small amount of spores are generated. When the relative humidity of the air under the film is lower than 70%, humidification is given. According to the air temperature conditions, the primordium appears after 30 days, the substrate moisture content is 20~25% through drip irrigation, the air relative humidity is 75~85%, and the film edge is appropriately left to ventilate. The fruiting body is matured for 7 days and can be harvested.

[0007] Preferably, the Morel is artificially cultivated Morchella angusticeps, Morchella esculenta or Morchella conica.

[0008] Preferably, the bag shape is a cultivation bottle.

[0009] Preferably, the cultivation substrate includes one or a mixture of several kinds of natural field soil, mountain soil, humus soil, grass carbon soil and artificial composite substrate.

[0010] The present application has the following technical effects and advantages: The present application changes the traditional Morchella cultivation method based on the nutrient bag, which is different from the secondary nutrient bag cultivation method, and the present application uses the Morchella strain with high vitality to seal the bag opening, which avoids the pollution of the soil bacteria to the nutrient bag after the bag is buckled, and at the same time, the Morchella mycelium can grow in the soil and the nutrient bag substrate in two directions at the same time, the nutrient components of the nutrient bag can be effectively transported to the mycelium growing in the soil, so as to achieve the purpose of efficient utilization of nutrients and improve the yield; The hole seeding or ditch seeding of the present application is also different from the current direct placement of the nutrient bag after the seeding or ditch seeding, and since the material surface of the seed bag does not contact the substrate, the pollution caused by the direct placement of the nutrient bag after the seeding or ditch seeding can be avoided; The present application completes the seeding and the placement of the nutrient bag at one time, and saves the raw materials and labor costs of the nutrient bag production, seeding, arch erection, film covering and the like by 20~30%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The present application provides a kind of Morchella seed bag indirect cultivation method, comprising the following steps: 1) seed bag indirect cultivation, including one of the following cultivation methods; (1) outdoor cultivation: under sterile conditions, the prepared Morchella strain is connected to the seed bag, and the inoculation amount is accurate to cover the material surface of the bag opening, 15~22℃ is cultured for less than 72 hours after inoculation, and the strain and culture material are not easy to fall off when the inoculation surface is downward, a shading shed is erected according to the cultivation requirements, the soil is turned over to make the soil, the spray drip irrigation pipe is arranged when the soil temperature at the local surface 10cm is lower than 20℃, the soil moisture is lower than 18%, the pre-wetting is carried out 2 days before cultivation when the soil moisture is 17%, the seed bag is inverted and pressed well to stand upright on the soil surface; The temperature of the culture after inoculation is preferably 18℃, and the culture time is preferably 48h; Preferably, when the soil temperature at the local surface 10cm is 17℃, the spray drip irrigation pipe is arranged; Preferably, when the soil moisture is 17%, the pre-wetting is carried out 2 days before cultivation; (2) indoor frame cultivation: under sterile conditions, the prepared Morchella strain is connected to the seed bag opening, and the inoculation amount is accurate to cover the material surface of the bag opening, 15~22℃ is cultured for less than 72 hours after inoculation, and the strain and culture material are not easy to fall off when the inoculation surface is downward, the cultivation substrate is installed with a cultivation frame, the length and width specifications of the frame are not limited, the height is preferably 15~35cm, the material thickness is preferably 10~25cm, the pre-wetting is carried out 2 days before cultivation when the substrate moisture is lower than 18%, the seed bag is inverted and pressed well to stand upright on the bed surface; The temperature of the culture after inoculation is preferably 18℃, and the culture time is preferably 60h; The height of the cultivation frame is preferably 30cm; the material thickness is preferably 15cm; 2) mulching film: the mulching film is covered the day after seeding; 3) Management of mushroom production in seed bags: Keep the air temperature below 20℃ and the soil temperature below 17℃. A small amount of mycelial frost will appear after 7 days. When the relative humidity of the air under the film is below 70%, humidify it. Primordia will appear after 30 days depending on the air temperature. Irrigate the substrate with a moisture content of 20-25% and a relative humidity of 75-85%. Leave appropriate gaps at the edges of the film for ventilation. Harvest when the fruiting bodies are 70% mature.

[0012] In this invention, the morel mushroom is an artificially cultivated morel mushroom, such as morel mushroom, morel mushroom, or morel mushroom.

[0013] In this invention, the seed bag is in the form of a cultivation bottle.

[0014] In this invention, the cultivation substrate includes one or a mixture of several of the following: natural field soil, mountain soil, humus soil, peat soil, and artificial composite substrate.

[0015] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Example 1

[0017] The "Morel Mushroom Cultivation Method" (outdoor indirect cultivation using 560mL wide-mouth glass bottles (750mL plastic cultivation bottles) as seed bags includes the following steps: (1) Seed bag cultivation Prepare the YAASYPL6 spawn for morel mushroom cultivation. Use the spawn 3 days after it has fully colonized the bottle. Under aseptic conditions, evenly inoculate the spawn into the inoculum bottle (the formula is 75% wheat grains, 15% sawdust, 8% rice husks, 1% gypsum, and 1% lime; mix the dry materials first, then add water and stir until the moisture content is 60%. For a 560mL wide-mouth glass bottle, use approximately 220g of wet substrate (for a 750mL spawn bottle, use approximately 300g of wet substrate). Inoculate 5-7g per bottle. After inoculation, incubate at 18℃. The inoculum germinates within 48 hours, at which point the inoculation surface is facing downwards and the inoculum and culture medium are not easily detached. Set up a shade structure according to cultivation requirements, till the soil and prepare ridges. When the soil temperature (10cm below the surface) is 17℃, install drip irrigation pipes. The soil moisture content should be 17%. Pre-moisten the soil two days before cultivation. Place the culture bags upside down on the ridge surface and press them down firmly to ensure they stand upright. The amount of culture bags used per acre is 2500 560mL wide-mouth glass bottles or 1800 750mL cultivation bottles.

[0018] (2) Covering with mulch film

[0019] The plastic film should be covered on the same day after sowing.

[0020] (3) Management of mushroom production in integrated seed bag cultivation

[0021] After the cultivation is completed, enter the cultivation culture and mushroom management, the air temperature is basically maintained below 20℃, the ground temperature is maintained at 13~17℃, a small amount of bacteria frost is generated after 7 days, when the relative humidity of the air under the film is less than 70%, give drip irrigation, each time the water supply is 20~30 minutes. After 30 days, primordium appears, through drip irrigation, the soil water content is 20~25%, the air relative humidity is 75~85%, do not uncover the film, the ground edge is appropriately ventilated, the fruiting body is 7 mature, and it can be harvested. When harvesting, the film is uncovered and harvested, and it should not be fully opened to avoid large changes in temperature and humidity leading to the death of young mushrooms and primordium.

[0022] Example 2

[0023] The "morchella bag integrated cultivation method" inoculated with solid mycelium homogenate liquid includes the following steps: (1) Bag integrated cultivation Make morchella YAASHL6 cultivation species, and use the species after the bottle is full of mycelium for 3 days; under sterile conditions, put the cultivated species into a homogenizer treated with sterilization and add sterilized water (1:2 of species and water), and make solid mycelium homogenate liquid after homogenization. The homogenate liquid is evenly inoculated in a bag (formula: wheat 65%, sawdust 18%, chaff 15%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%, water content 55%, 750 mL of cultivation bottle with wet material 300 grams or so), and 15~20 mL of the homogenate liquid is inoculated in each bottle; after inoculation, cultivate at 18℃ for 60 hours. Wide High = 65 cm 40 cm 30 cm

[0024] (2) Covering the film

[0025] Cover the film on the day after sowing.

[0026] (3) Bag integrated cultivation mushroom management

[0027] Keep the indoor ventilation good, and the air temperature is basically maintained below 18℃, and there is a diurnal temperature difference, the temperature in the frame is maintained at 13~17℃, a small amount of bacteria frost is generated after 7 days, when the relative humidity of the air under the film is less than 70%, give humidification. After 30 days, primordium appears, keep the air relative humidity at 75~85% and the scattered light for more than 5 hours a day, do not uncover the film, the film edge is appropriately left to ventilate, the fruiting body is 7 mature, and it can be harvested. When harvesting, the film is uncovered and harvested, and it should not be fully opened to avoid large changes in temperature and humidity leading to the death of young mushrooms and primordium.

[0028] From the above examples, the present application provides a method for indirect cultivation of Morel seed bags. The present application changes the traditional Morel cultivation method based on nutrient bags, which is different from the secondary nutrient bag cultivation method. The present application uses vigorous Morel spores to seal the bag opening, which avoids the pollution of the soil in the bag after the bag is buckled. At the same time, the present application can realize the bidirectional and simultaneous growth of Morel mycelium in the soil and the nutrient bag substrate. The nutrient components of the nutrient bag can be effectively transported to the mycelium growing in the soil, achieving the purpose of efficient utilization of nutrients and improving yield. The hole seeding or furrow seeding of the present application is also different from the current direct placement of nutrient bags after broadcasting or furrow seeding. Since the material surface of the seed bag does not contact the substrate, it can avoid the pollution caused by direct placement of nutrient bags after broadcasting or furrow seeding. The present application completes the seeding and placement of nutrient bags at one time, saving 20-30% of the raw materials and labor costs for the production of nutrient bags, seeding, arch erection, film covering, etc.

[0029] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, which should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of indirect cultivation of Morel spawn bags, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: 1) Indirect cultivation of seed bags, comprising one of the following cultivation methods: (1) Outdoor cultivation: Under sterile conditions, the prepared Morel spores are inoculated in the seed bags, and the inoculation amount is sufficient to cover the material surface of the bag opening. After inoculation, the culture is maintained at 15-22℃ for less than 72 hours. When the spores germinate and the inoculation surface is downward, the spores and culture medium are not easily detached. According to the cultivation requirements, a shading shed is set up, the soil is prepared, and the soil temperature at 10 cm is lower than 20℃. The drip irrigation pipes are arranged, and the soil moisture is lower than 18%. Pre-wetting is performed 2 days before cultivation. The cultivated seed bags are inverted and pressed firmly on the soil surface to stand upright. (2) Indoor frame cultivation: Under sterile conditions, the prepared Morel spores are inoculated in the seed bag opening, and the inoculation amount is sufficient to cover the material surface of the bag opening. After inoculation, the culture is maintained at 15-22℃ for less than 72 hours. When the spores germinate and the inoculation surface is downward, the spores and culture medium are not easily detached. The cultivation substrate is loaded into the cultivation frame, which has no size limit. The height is 15-35 cm, and the thickness is 10-25 cm. The substrate moisture is lower than 18%, and pre-wetting is performed 2 days before cultivation. The cultivated seed bags are inverted and pressed firmly on the bed surface to stand upright. 2) Covering with mulch film: The mulch film is covered on the same day after sowing. 3) Management of seed bag cultivation: The air temperature is maintained below 20℃, and the soil temperature is lower than 17℃. After 7 days, there is a small amount of spore frost. When the relative humidity of the air under the film is lower than 70%, humidification is given. According to the air temperature conditions, primordia appear after 30 days. The substrate moisture content is 20-25% through drip irrigation, the air relative humidity is 75-85%, and the film edge is appropriately left with a gap for ventilation. The fruiting bodies are matured after 7 days and can be harvested.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The Morel is artificially cultivated Morchella angusticeps, Morchella esculenta, or Morchella esculenta.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The seed bag shape is a cultivation bottle.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The cultivation substrate includes one or a mixture of several natural field soil, mountain soil, humus soil, grass charcoal soil, and artificial composite substrate.