Termite trapping and killing bait based on cellulose waste as well as high-temperature and high-pressure preparation process and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of pest control and biological material application, and particularly relates to a termite trapping and killing bait based on cellulose waste as well as a high-temperature and high-pressure preparation process and application of the termite trapping and killing bait. According to the bait, bagasse powder and bark powder are used as main cellulose matrixes, glucose, xylose, casein and white granulated sugar are used as auxiliary food calling auxiliaries, and a chitosan-graphene oxide composite nano insecticidal preparation is added. The bait is high in stability in a humid environment, not prone to mildewing and capable of keeping food calling performance and pharmacodynamic activity for a long time. Indoor and burying tests prove that the feeding rate and the death rate of the prepared bait for termites are remarkably higher than those of a control group, and the bait has the comprehensive advantages of being high in feeding attraction, slow in release, lasting in effect and environmentally friendly.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of pest control and biological material application, and particularly relates to termite bait based on cellulose waste, a high-temperature and high-pressure preparation process thereof and application. BACKGROUND

[0002] Termites are highly harmful social insects that can eat cellulose-containing materials such as wooden buildings, dams and green trees, causing serious economic losses. Existing termite control measures mainly include chemical spraying, soil barriers and bait trapping. Among them, the bait trapping technology has become the focus of research in recent years because it has the advantages of small amount of pesticide used, small environmental pollution and good group killing effect.

[0003] However, the existing bait still has many problems: first, the bait substrate is mostly wood powder or starch material, which has a certain feeding attraction, but is loose and easy to absorb moisture and mildew, and is difficult to maintain the trapping effect for a long time; second, the chemical insecticides used exist in a free state, are easily affected by humidity and temperature, and are easily inactivated, and the release speed is fast, which can easily produce a repelling reaction to termites, causing termites to avoid the bait; third, the pesticide in the bait is not evenly dispersed, resulting in unstable toxicity and poor group transmission, making it difficult to achieve continuous killing; fourth, the traditional bait production process has high energy consumption and low utilization rate, lacks effective use of agricultural and forestry waste, and is difficult to meet the development needs of green control.

[0004] In recent years, the application of nanomaterials in pesticide slow release and ecological control has gradually emerged. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide with wide sources, biodegradability and good biocompatibility. Its molecules contain amino and hydroxyl groups, which can complex and cross-link with metal ions or pesticide molecules, and can significantly improve the stability and slow release performance of the pesticide when used as a carrier. Graphene oxide (GO) has a high specific surface area and rich oxygen-containing functional groups, and can further improve the dispersity and mechanical properties of the material after being compounded with chitosan, making it an ideal nanocarrier for drugs. In addition, the formation of a composite structure of chitosan and graphene oxide can impart excellent adsorption and slow release properties to the material while maintaining biodegradability.

[0005] On the other hand, termites have a strong preference for natural lignocellulose. Related studies have shown that bait with cellulose as the main component has good palatability and attraction to termites, and can exist stably in moist soil for a long time after proper treatment. Therefore, if cellulose waste (such as sugarcane residue and tree bark powder) is used as a carrier and combined with a nanoscale slow-release insecticide system, it is expected to achieve sustained release of the pesticide while maintaining the feeding attraction.

[0006] In summary, the prior art still lacks an ant termite bait with strong attractiveness, slow-release, mildew resistance and environmental friendliness. In view of the problems of easy mildew, short drug effect, unstable structure and heavy environmental burden of the existing bait, it is urgent to develop a new ecological ant termite bait based on renewable resources and combined with nano controlled-release technology to achieve long-term and safe prevention and control of ant colonies. SUMMARY

[0007] To solve the problems in the prior art, the present application provides an ant termite bait based on cellulose waste and a high-temperature and high-pressure preparation process and application thereof.

[0008] An ant termite bait based on cellulose waste, comprising by mass fraction: 1 part of bark powder, 10 parts of sugarcane residue, 0.5 parts of glucose, 0.5 parts of xylose, 0.3 parts of casein and 0.5 parts of white sugar, and 3 parts of nano insecticidal preparation; The nano insecticidal preparation is selected from chitosan-graphene oxide composite material loaded with hydroprene nanoparticles; The bait has a dense structure formed by high-temperature and high-pressure treatment; The nano insecticidal preparation is prepared by the following steps: Step S1: carrier preparation: dissolving graphene oxide in ethylene glycol under ultrasonic assistance; then adding iron source and chitosan, and performing solvothermal reaction at 200°C for 12 hours in the presence of sodium acetate; after the reaction is completed, cooling, centrifugation, washing and drying are performed to obtain an iron-doped chitosan-reduced graphene oxide composite carrier; the iron source is ferric chloride (III) hexahydrate and ferrous chloride (II) tetrahydrate; Step S2: dissolving the iron-doped chitosan-reduced graphene oxide composite carrier in acetic acid solution to form solution A; dissolving hydroprene in sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution to form solution B; dropping solution B into solution A, stirring and reacting, then centrifuging and freeze-drying to obtain the nano insecticidal preparation. The present application provides a preparation process of an ant termite bait, comprising the following steps: Step S1: mixing bark powder, sugarcane residue powder, glucose, xylose, casein, white sugar and nano insecticidal preparation in proportion; Step S2: heating and pressing in a mold to form bait blocks; Step S3: cooling and demolding to obtain finished bait.

[0009] Further, the temperature in the heating and pressing step in step S2 is 150°C, and the pressure is 90MPa.

[0010] Further, the application also provides a bait for use in termite baiting, characterized in that the bait block is buried in the soil or around the building at a depth of 5-10 cm, slowly releasing the pesticide ingredient in the natural environment to achieve the trapping and killing of termite colonies.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and beneficial effects: Strong feeding attraction and high feeding rate. The bait matrix uses natural cellulose waste, which meets the feeding preferences of termites and can significantly improve the trapping efficiency; good slow-release and long-acting performance. The chitosan-oxidized graphene nanocarrier realizes uniform dispersion and controlled release of the pesticide, prolongs the efficacy period, and avoids the repellent phenomenon; moisture-resistant and mold-resistant. Through the high-temperature and high-pressure densification process, the structural stability of the bait is improved, and it can be buried in humid soil for a long time; environmentally friendly material. All raw materials are derived from biodegradable biomass and low-toxicity nanocomposites, realizing the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste; high killing efficiency. The nanometer preparation can be transmitted and diffused among the colonies, and the synergistic effect of feeding attraction and killing is obvious, which can achieve group prevention and control. Therefore, the application constructs a new termite baiting system with feeding attraction, slow release and ecological compatibility, which is suitable for long-term prevention and control in multiple scenes such as urban buildings, landscaping and flood prevention engineering. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the application clearer, further detailed description of the application will be given below in combination with examples, and the illustrative embodiments of the application and their descriptions are only used to explain the application, but not to limit the application.

[0013] In the application, the particle size of the bark powder and the bagasse powder is 50 mesh, and the water content of the powder after drying treatment is less than 8%.

[0014] Example 1 A cellulose-based termite bait, which comprises, by mass fraction: 1 part of bark powder, 10 parts of bagasse, 0.5 parts of glucose, 0.5 parts of xylose, 0.3 parts of casein and 0.5 parts of white sugar, and 3 parts of nanometer pesticide preparation.

[0015] The preparation method of the cellulose-based termite bait is as follows: the eucalyptus bark powder, bagasse powder, glucose, xylose, casein, white sugar and nanometer pesticide preparation are uniformly mixed, the mixture is loaded into a mold, and is heated and pressed at 150 DEG C and 90 MPa by using a small tablet press, and is cooled and demolded after 10 minutes of heat preservation, to obtain the termite bait.

[0016] The preparation method of the nanometer pesticide preparation is as follows: First, 1.6 g of chitosan-oxidized graphene nanocomposite was dissolved in 200 ml of 2% acetic acid solution, continuously stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 25 min, and then ultrasonically treated for 10 min to obtain solution A; Second, sodium tripolyphosphate was dissolved in 200 ml of deionized water; after the sodium tripolyphosphate was completely dissolved, 1 g of chlorobenzilate was added to the sodium tripolyphosphate solution to obtain solution B; then solution B was added dropwise to solution A, and continuously stirred for 30 min; the obtained suspension was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 30 min, the precipitate was collected and freeze-dried to obtain a nanoparticle preparation; The preparation method of the chitosan-oxidized graphene nanocomposite is as follows: Under ice bath conditions, 2 g of graphite powder was added to 100 mL of concentrated H2SO4 under continuous stirring. Then, 4.025 g of sodium nitrate was slowly added, and 10 g of KMnO4 was added in small portions. Then, the mixture was stirred for 2 hours. Then, the flask was placed on a magnetic stirrer in an ice bath and diluted with 100 mL of deionized water; then, 20 mL of H2O2 was added to terminate the reaction. The obtained reaction mixture was centrifuged at 7000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was discarded. The slurry was washed five times by replacing the supernatant with deionized water; the obtained oxidized graphite was dried in a hot air oven at 60°C for 6 hours. The dried oxidized graphite was ground into powder and transferred to a conical flask containing 100 mL of deionized water; the mixture was ultrasonically treated for 30 minutes, during which it was placed in an ice bath to control the temperature during ultrasonic treatment. After ultrasonic treatment, the mixture was centrifuged at 7000 rpm for 5 minutes, the supernatant was discarded, and the solid was transferred to a glass plate and dried in a hot air oven at 50°C to obtain graphene oxide; 0.2 g of graphene oxide was dissolved in 75 mL of ethylene glycol under ultrasonic assistance for 2 hours; then, 0.54 g of iron(III) chloride hexahydrate and 0.23 g of iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate were added to the solution, and 1 g of chitosan was added to the mixture, which was placed on a magnetic stirrer, and 3.6 g of sodium acetate was slowly added under stirring; the mixture was continuously stirred for 30 minutes. Then, the mixture was transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reaction kettle and placed in an oven at 200°C for 12 hours; before opening the reaction kettle, it was cooled to room temperature. The obtained mixture was centrifuged to separate the solid material, and washed with deionized water and ethanol three times respectively; the obtained solid was dried in a hot air oven at 50°C to obtain a chitosan-oxidized graphene nanocomposite.

[0017] Example 2 A cellulose-based termite baiting bait, comprising by mass fraction: bark powder 1 part, sugarcane residue 10 parts, glucose 0.5 parts, xylose 0.5 parts, 0.3 parts of casein and white sugar 0.5 parts, 3 parts of nano pesticide preparation.

[0018] The preparation method of the cellulose-based termite baiting bait is: mixing eucalyptus bark powder, sugarcane residue powder, glucose, xylose, casein, white sugar and nano pesticide preparation uniformly, loading the mixture into a mold, heating and pressing at 150°C and 90MPa using a small tablet press, cooling and demolding after keeping warm for 10 minutes, and then obtaining the termite baiting bait.

[0019] The preparation method of the nano pesticide preparation is: First, 1.6 g of chitosan nanocomposite material is dissolved in 200 ml of 2% acetic acid solution, continuously stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 25 min, and then ultrasonically treated for 10 min to obtain solution A; Secondly, sodium tripolyphosphate is dissolved in 200 ml of deionized water; after the sodium tripolyphosphate is completely dissolved, 1 g of chlorfenapyr is added to the sodium tripolyphosphate solution, respectively, to obtain solution B; then solution B is added dropwise to solution A, and continuously stirred for 30 min; the obtained suspension is centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 30 min, and the precipitate is collected and freeze-dried to obtain a nano particle preparation; The preparation method of the chitosan nanocomposite material is: 0.54 g of iron (III) chloride hexahydrate and 0.23 g of iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate are added to the solution, and then 1 g of chitosan is added; the mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer, and 3.6 g of sodium acetate is slowly added under stirring; the mixture is continuously stirred for 30 minutes. Then the mixture is transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reaction kettle, and placed in an oven at 200°C for 12 hours; before opening the reaction kettle, it is cooled to room temperature. The obtained mixture is centrifuged to separate the solid material, and washed with deionized water and ethanol respectively for three times; the obtained solid is dried in a hot air oven at 50°C to obtain the chitosan nanocomposite material.

[0020] Example 3 A cellulose-based termite baiting bait, comprising by mass fraction: bark powder 1 part, sugarcane residue 10 parts, glucose 0.5 parts, xylose 0.5 parts, 0.3 parts of casein and white sugar 0.5 parts, 3 parts of nano pesticide preparation.

[0021] The preparation method of the cellulose-based termite bait is as follows: mixing eucalyptus bark powder, sugarcane residue powder, glucose, xylose, casein, white granulated sugar and a nano pesticide preparation uniformly, loading the mixture into a mold, heating and pressing by using a small tablet press under the condition of 150 DEG C and 90 MPa, cooling and demolding after heat preservation for 10 minutes, and then obtaining the termite bait.

[0022] The preparation method of the nano pesticide preparation is as follows: First, 1.6 g of graphene oxide nanocomposite is dissolved in 200 ml of 2% acetic acid solution, continuously stirred by using a magnetic stirrer for 25 min, and then ultrasonically treated for 10 min to obtain solution A; Secondly, sodium tripolyphosphate is dissolved in 200 ml of deionized water; after the sodium tripolyphosphate is completely dissolved, 1 g of chlorobenzilate is added into the sodium tripolyphosphate solution respectively to obtain solution B; then solution B is added dropwise into solution A, and continuously stirred for 30 min; the obtained suspension is centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 30 min, and the precipitate is collected and freeze-dried to obtain the nano particle preparation; The preparation method of the graphene oxide nanocomposite is as follows: Under the condition of ice bath, 2 g of graphite powder is added into 100 mL of concentrated H2SO4 under continuous stirring. Then, 4.025 g of sodium nitrate is slowly added, and 10 g of KMnO4 is added in small batches. Then, the mixture is stirred for 2 hours. Then, the flask is placed on a magnetic stirrer in an ice bath, and diluted with 100 mL of deionized water; then, 20 mL of H2O2 is added to terminate the reaction. The obtained reaction mixture is centrifuged at 7000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant is discarded. The slurry is washed five times by replacing the supernatant with deionized water; the obtained oxidized graphite is dried in a hot air oven at 60 DEG C for 6 hours. The dried oxidized graphite is ground into powder, and transferred to a conical flask containing 100 mL of deionized water; the mixture is ultrasonically treated for 30 minutes, and placed in an ice bath during the ultrasonic treatment to control the temperature. After ultrasonic treatment, the mixture is centrifuged at 7000 rpm for 5 minutes, the supernatant is discarded, and the solid is transferred to a glass plate and dried in a hot air oven at 50 DEG C to obtain graphene oxide; Dissolve 0.2 g of graphene oxide in 75 mL of ethylene glycol with the aid of ultrasonication for 2 hours; then, add 0.54 g of iron (III) chloride hexahydrate and 0.23 g of iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate to the solution, slowly add 3.6 g of sodium acetate under stirring; continue to stir the mixture for 30 minutes. Then, transfer the mixture to a reaction kettle lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, and place it in an oven at 200°C for 12 hours; before opening the reaction kettle, cool it to room temperature. Centrifuge the resulting mixture to separate the solid material, and wash it with deionized water and ethanol three times respectively; dry the obtained solid in a hot air oven at 50°C to obtain a chitosan-graphene oxide nanocomposite.

[0023] Example 4 A cellulose-based termite bait, comprising, by mass fraction: 1 part of bark powder, 10 parts of bagasse, 0.5 parts of glucose, 0.5 parts of xylose, 0.3 parts of casein, and 0.5 parts of white sugar, and 3 parts of a nano-pesticide preparation.

[0024] The preparation method of the cellulose-based termite bait is as follows: mix eucalyptus bark powder, bagasse powder, glucose, xylose, casein, white sugar, and a nano-pesticide preparation uniformly, fill the mixture into a mold, heat and press using a small tablet press at 150°C and 90 MPa, cool and demold after 10 minutes of heat preservation, and thus obtain the termite bait.

[0025] The preparation method of the nano-pesticide preparation is as follows: First, dissolve 1.6 g of chitosan in 200 ml of 2% acetic acid solution, continuously stir using a magnetic stirrer for 25 min, and then ultrasonically treat for 10 min to obtain solution A; Second, dissolve sodium tripolyphosphate in 200 ml of deionized water; after the sodium tripolyphosphate is completely dissolved, add 1 g of chlorfenapyr to the sodium tripolyphosphate solution to obtain solution B; then, add solution B dropwise to solution A, and continuously stir for 30 min; centrifuge the obtained suspension at 4000 rpm for 30 min, collect the precipitate, and freeze-dry to obtain a nano-particle preparation. Test Example 1 Indoor test: accurately take 1.0 g of the cellulose-based termite bait prepared in each example in a glass dish, and place it in the dish; place 50 workers and 5 soldiers in the dish. Cover the dish, place the glass dish in a dark incubator at a temperature of (27±1) °C for 5 days, and count the survival rate of termites.

[0026] After burying treatment test: the cellulose waste ant bait prepared by each example is buried in the soil for 1 month, and then taken out. Then 1.0 g of the cellulose waste ant bait prepared by each example is accurately weighed in a glass dish, and placed in the dish; 50 workers and 5 soldiers are placed. Cover the dish cover, and place the glass dish in a dark incubator with a temperature of (27±1) °C for 5 days, and count the survival rate of the termites.

[0027] Table 1 indoor test data

[0028] Table 2 after burying treatment test data

[0029] According to the data of Tables 1 and 2 of patent examples 1-4, the different nano carriers prepared by the application have significant differences in termite killing effect. The indoor test results (Table 1) show that the bait using chitosan-oxidized graphene nanocomposite carrier in example 1 has the highest mortality rate on termites, with a mortality rate of 68.1% on the 3rd day, rising to 92.1% on the 4th day, and all dead on the 5th day; example 2 (chitosan nanocomposite carrier) is second, also achieves 100% death on the 5th day, but the overall effect is slightly slower; example 3 and example 4 use oxidized graphene single carrier and pure chitosan carrier respectively, the early mortality rate is significantly lower, and gradually increases in the later period, indicating that the composite structure has better slow-release and synergistic toxic performance. The test data after burying for 1 month (Table 2) further verifies the stability of the composite carrier: the mortality rate of termites in example 1 still maintains 100% on the 5th day, which is significantly higher than that of example 3 (94.5%) and example 4 (96.2%), indicating that it has a longer drug retention time in humid soil and a more stable bait structure. Overall, the nanocomposite carrier (example 1) formed by adding oxidized graphene and chitosan synergistically performs best in terms of palatability, persistence and environmental tolerance, confirming the significant advantages of the composite system in termite control and the effectiveness of the patent technical solution.

[0030] The application adopts 200℃ high-temperature solvothermal reaction, so that iron ions (Fe³⁺ / Fe²⁺) are in-situ doped and lattice anchored between chitosan and graphene oxide. This special synthesis process brings two unexpected technical effects: first, high-temperature reaction promotes the carbonization or crosslinking of chitosan molecular chains, forming a dense 'ceramic-like' nanocapsule structure. This structure can effectively isolate the external high temperature, protect the internal imidacloprid from thermal decomposition during the subsequent 150℃ bait pressing process, and thus ensure the stability of the bait's efficacy during the long-term burial process (see Table 2 data). Second, the introduced iron ions simulate the chemical signal source (such as the simulated biological magnetic field or specific metal enzyme environment) between termite colonies on a micro scale, significantly reducing the alertness of termites to chemical pesticides. Experimental data show that the feeding rate and lethal efficiency of the iron-containing composite carrier (Example 1) are significantly better than those of the undoped or simply physically mixed carrier, proving that the iron ions and the chitosan-graphene oxide system produce a special biological synergistic induction effect.

Claims

1. A cellulose-based waste material based termite bait, characterized in that, By mass parts include: bark powder 1 parts, bagasse 10 parts, glucose 0.5 parts, xylose 0.5 parts, 0.3 parts of casein and white sugar 0.5 parts, 3 parts of nano insecticidal preparation; The nano insecticidal preparation is selected from nanoparticles of chitosan-graphene oxide composite material loaded with buprofezin; The bait has a dense structure formed by high-temperature and high-pressure treatment; The nano insecticidal preparation is prepared by the following steps: Step S1: carrier preparation: graphene oxide is dissolved in ethylene glycol under ultrasonic assistance; then iron source and chitosan are added, and a solvothermal reaction is carried out at 200°C for 12 hours in the presence of sodium acetate; after the reaction is completed, cooling, centrifugation, washing and drying are carried out to obtain an iron-doped chitosan-reduced graphene oxide composite carrier; the iron source is ferric chloride (III) hexahydrate and ferrous chloride (II) tetrahydrate; Step S2: the iron-doped chitosan-reduced graphene oxide composite carrier is dissolved in acetic acid solution to form solution A; buprofezin is dissolved in aqueous sodium tripolyphosphate solution to form solution B; solution B is added dropwise into solution A, and after stirring and reaction, centrifugation and freeze-drying are carried out to obtain the nano insecticidal preparation.

2. A process for preparing the termite bait of claim 1, wherein The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: bark powder, bagasse powder, glucose, xylose, casein, white sugar and nano insecticidal preparation are mixed in proportion; Step S2: heating and pressing in a mold to form bait blocks; Step S3: cooling and demolding to obtain finished bait.

3. The process for preparing a termite bait of claim 2, wherein The temperature in the heating and pressing step in step S2 is 150°C, and the pressure is 90 MPa.

4. Use of the bait according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for the control of termites, characterized in that, The bait blocks are buried in the soil or around the building at a depth of 5-10 cm, slowly release the insecticidal components in the natural environment to achieve the trapping and killing of termite colonies.

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