Hypolipidemic agaric powder as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing, and particularly relates to blood fat reducing agaric powder as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: crushing pretreated black fungus residues in an ultrafine crusher, adding the crushed black fungus residues into boiling water, and stirring the crushed black fungus residues to obtain a thick solution; mixing the thick solution with hot water, carrying out sound crushing, then adjusting the pH value to 4.5-5.0, and adding a compound enzyme for enzymolysis to obtain an enzymatic hydrolysate; and boiling for enzyme deactivation, then grinding by adopting a colloid mill, homogenizing in a homogenizer after grinding is finished, and finally performing spray drying to obtain the product. The agaric powder is obtained through a superfine grinding technology, then the agaric powder is promoted to be dissolved more rapidly through ultrasonic waves to form colloid, a compound enzyme system is used for synergistically degrading cell walls to further release polysaccharide, a uniform and stable solution is obtained through homogenization and refinement, and the finished product agaric powder is finally obtained through spray drying. The extraction rate of active ingredients and the product quality are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of food processing technology, specifically relating to a lipid-lowering black fungus powder, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Black fungus, also known as wood ear fungus, is the fruiting body of the Auricularia auricula-judae plant. It has been cultivated in my country for over 1000 years and is a traditional Chinese health food. Modern medical researchers have made new discoveries about the medicinal value of black fungus. For example, rabbit experiments have shown that black fungus has effects such as lowering blood lipids, resisting experimental atherosclerosis and thrombosis, and inhibiting platelet aggregation. Human observation experiments have shown that black fungus has significant effects in lowering blood lipids, resisting thrombosis, and inhibiting platelet aggregation. Modern medical research confirms that the important physiological functions of black fungus are closely related to its polysaccharide components.

[0003] Black fungus is rich in dietary fiber, β-glucan, polysaccharides, and other active ingredients, possessing functions such as lowering blood lipids, anti-oxidation, and enhancing immunity. The extraction of polysaccharides from black fungus generally employs water extraction, dilute salt extraction, and alkali extraction methods, each yielding different polysaccharide components. Traditional extraction methods suffer from low dissolution rates of active ingredients, coarse particle texture, and low bioavailability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a lipid-lowering black fungus powder, its preparation method, and its application. Specifically, the following technical solution is adopted: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing lipid-lowering black fungus powder, comprising the following steps: S1. Place the pretreated black fungus residue into an ultra-fine pulverizer for pulverization to obtain black fungus powder; S2. After heating the water to a boil, add the black fungus powder and stir to obtain a thick solution. S3. The viscous solution is mixed with hot water for sonication, then the pH is adjusted to 4.5-5.0, and β-glucanase, cellulase and pectinase are added for enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain the hydrolysate. S4. Boil the enzymatic hydrolysate to inactivate the enzyme, then grind it using a colloid mill. After grinding, place it in a homogenizer for homogenization, and finally spray dry it to obtain the lipid-lowering black fungus powder.

[0005] This invention utilizes ultrafine pulverization technology to obtain black fungus powder, then uses ultrasound to promote faster dissolution of the powder to form a colloid, employs a complex enzyme system (β-glucanase, cellulase, pectinase) to synergistically degrade cell walls to further release polysaccharides, homogenizes and refines to obtain a uniform and stable solution, and finally spray-dries to obtain the finished black fungus powder, significantly improving the extraction rate of active ingredients and product quality.

[0006] As a further preferred embodiment, the preprocessing includes the following steps: Place the black fungus in a grinder and grind it to obtain black fungus residue.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment, the pulverization time in S1 is 5 min-10 min, and the pulverization temperature is 4℃-8℃.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment, the volume ratio of the viscous solution to hot water in S3 is 1:50.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment, the ultrasonic fragmentation time in S3 is 10 min-15 min.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of β-glucanase, cellulase, pectinase to black fungus powder is 0.02g-0.03g: 0.03g-0.04g: 0.005g-0.015g: 1g.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 50°C and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 2-3 hours.

[0012] As a further preferred embodiment, the spray drying temperature is 200°C and the feed rate is 400 mL / h-600 mL / h.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention provides a lipid-lowering black fungus powder, which is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0014] Thirdly, the present invention provides the application of the lipid-lowering black fungus powder described above in tea drinks, health products or food additives.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) The present invention uses ultrafine grinding technology to process black fungus to obtain black fungus powder. By using ultrafine grinding to refine the particles to the extreme, the release of polysaccharide substances in black fungus is increased, the rate is fast and the extraction rate is high. (2) This invention utilizes a complex enzyme system (β-glucanase, cellulase, pectinase) in conjunction with ultrasound-assisted degradation of the cell wall to further release polysaccharides, thereby improving the dissolution of black fungus polysaccharides and making them easier for the human body to absorb. (3) The present invention uses homogenization treatment combined with spray drying technology to further obtain samples. It utilizes the characteristic of spray drying technology to protect heat-sensitive components, reduce losses, and improve the yield of black fungus powder. The obtained black fungus powder can form a viscous and uniform colloidal solution more quickly after dissolving in water, which enhances the fat absorption capacity in the intestine, improves the blood lipid lowering function, and is more easily absorbed by the human body. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] Example 1 A method for preparing lipid-lowering black fungus powder, which specifically includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Take dried black fungus and crush it for 20 seconds with a pulverizer to obtain crushed residue; (2) Ultrafine grinding: The residue obtained in step (1) is ultrafine ground for 5 minutes, and the grinding temperature is controlled at 5℃; (3) Dissolving and boiling: Add 1000mL of water to the pot, bring to a boil, add 20g of wood ear powder, keep boiling and reduce the power, and stir constantly until there are no lumps and a thick solution is formed. (4) Dilution and ultrasonic treatment: Pour the solution into a beaker, add 100℃ hot water at a ratio of 1:50 to the 1000mL mark, and perform ultrasonic disruption for 10 minutes; (5) Enzymatic hydrolysis: Adjust the pH of the solution to 4.7 using 1 mol / L food-grade citric acid solution, add 0.0275 g / g black fungus powder of β-glucanase, 0.03375 g / g black fungus powder of cellulase and 0.01 g / g black fungus powder of pectinase, and enzymatically hydrolyze in a 50℃ water bath for 2 hours; (6) Enzyme inactivation and refining: Boil for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme. After inactivation, refine the material by three-stage grinding with a colloid mill. Start the initial grinding with a grinding disc gap of 0.5 mm and circulate the material twice. Adjust the gap to 0.2 mm and circulate the material twice. Finally, adjust the grinding disc gap to 0.05 mm and circulate the material 3-5 times at this gap. Take a drop of the product on a glass slide and observe with the naked eye that there are no visible coarse fibers. (7) Homogenization: The material after grinding in the colloid mill is circulated three times under a pressure of 400 bar using a homogenizer; (8) Spray drying: Spray drying is carried out at 200℃ and a feeding rate of 500mL / h to obtain lipid-lowering black fungus powder.

[0018] Example 2 A method for preparing lipid-lowering black fungus powder is similar to that in Example 1. The difference is that in step (2) of Example 1, "the residue obtained in step (1) is subjected to ultra-fine grinding for 5 minutes and the grinding temperature is controlled at 5℃" is changed to "the residue obtained in step (1) is subjected to ultra-fine grinding for 3 minutes and the grinding temperature is controlled at 5℃". All other steps remain unchanged, and lipid-lowering black fungus powder is obtained.

[0019] Example 3 A method for preparing lipid-lowering black fungus powder is similar to that in Example 1, except that in step (8) of Example 1, "spray drying at 200°C and 500 mL / h" is changed to "spray drying at 190°C and 800 mL / h". All other steps remain unchanged, and lipid-lowering black fungus powder is obtained.

[0020] Example 4 A method for preparing lipid-lowering black fungus powder is similar to that in Example 1, except that the step (8) in Example 1, "spray drying at 200°C and 500mL / h" is changed to "spray drying at 190°C and 600mL / h". All other steps remain unchanged, and lipid-lowering black fungus powder is obtained.

[0021] Comparative Example 1 A method for preparing lipid-lowering black fungus powder is similar to that in Example 1. The difference is the ultrasonic step in step (4) and the enzymatic hydrolysis step in step (5) in Example 1. The remaining steps remain unchanged. The experimental results show that in steps (8) and (9), the homogenizer and spray drying equipment caused varying degrees of blockage, which greatly reduced the yield.

[0022] Example 5 The method for determining the polysaccharide content of black fungus powder for lowering blood lipids includes the following specific steps: (1) Take 10g of the black fungus powder prepared by the above preparation method, remove the fat by reflux extraction with petroleum ether using a fat extractor, and after the residue has evaporated the solvent, add 95% ethanol and reflux at 90℃ twice for 1.5 h each time. Centrifuge, evaporate the solvent, and soak the residue in 300 mL of distilled water (material-liquid ratio 1:30) at 95℃ for 2 h, and extract twice.

[0023] (2) Combine the extracts and concentrate them to about 30 mL. Extract with chloroform three times to remove the protein.

[0024] (3) After filtration, add 3 times the volume of 95% ethanol to the filtrate for alcohol precipitation. Let stand overnight to precipitate the polysaccharide. Filter the precipitate and wash the filter cake twice with 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol and twice with 10 mL of ether. Dry at 60°C to constant weight to obtain the crude polysaccharide sample.

[0025] (4) Finally, the polysaccharide content was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method.

[0026] Take the wood ear powder obtained in Examples 1-4, and the following two control samples: A. Wood ear powder prepared by the process of Comparative Example 1 (without ultrasound or enzymatic hydrolysis); B. Commercially available "ordinary black fungus ultrafine powder" (sieved through 80 mesh, without any enzymatic hydrolysis or ultrasound treatment, the same below) The crude polysaccharide mass fraction was determined according to the "phenol-sulfuric acid method". Each group was tested in triplicate, and the results were calculated on a dry basis.

[0027] The results are shown in Table 1: Table 1. Polysaccharide content (%, n=3, mean±SD) of black fungus powder processed by different methods Conclusion: Compared with traditional water extraction or single pulverization processes, the composite process of this invention (ultrafine pulverization + ultrasound + composite enzymatic hydrolysis) increases the yield of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides by 76%~92% (p<0.01).

[0028] Example 6 Animal experiments comparing the lipid-lowering effects (1) Experimental animals: SPF-grade male SD rats, weighing 180±20 g, a total of 72 rats, were randomly divided into 6 groups after 3 days of acclimatization feeding, with 12 rats in each group.

[0029] (2) Grouping and processing Blank control group: Normal maintenance feed + physiological saline by gavage; Model group: High-fat diet (1% cholesterol, 0.2% sodium cholate, 10% lard) with free access + physiological saline by gavage; Positive control group: Free access to high-fat diet + simvastatin suspension 10 mg / kg -1 ·d -1 Gavage; Example 1: High-fat feed with free access + gavage. Example 1: A suspension of black fungus powder, dosage 400 mg / kg. -1 ·d -1 ; Comparative Example 1: High-fat diet with free access + gavage. The dosage of the black fungus powder suspension in Comparative Example 1 was 400 mg / kg. -1 ·d -1 ; Commercially available control: High-fat feed with free access + gavage. The commercially available control, a suspension of black fungus powder, was 400 mg / kg. -1 ·d -1 ; During the experiment, rats had free access to water, and their remaining feed was weighed daily and their body weight changes were recorded (once a week). After 28 days, the weight gain trend of each group was consistent (average weight gain of 52–58 g), and there was no statistically significant difference between groups (P > 0.05), indicating that the test substance did not affect the normal growth of rats.

[0030] (3) Detection indicators: After the last administration, patients fasted for 12 hours, blood was collected from the orbital cavity, serum was separated, and the following levels were measured according to the kit (enzymatic method): total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).

[0031] (4) Data processing: SPSS 22.0 was used for one-way ANOVA. The results are expressed as mean ± SD. Compared with the model group, ##P < 0.01, and compared with the positive control group, **P < 0.05.

[0032] (5) The experimental results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Serum lipid levels in rats (6) Conclusion In Example 1, TC, TG, and LDL-C were reduced by 43%, 43%, and 55% respectively compared with the model group, HDL-C increased by 49%, and AI decreased by 73%. There was no statistical difference with the positive control (P>0.05), which was significantly better than Comparative Example 1 and the commercially available control group (P<0.05).

[0033] Polysaccharide content is positively correlated with lipid-lowering activity: Example 1 has the highest polysaccharide content and its lipid-lowering effect is closest to that of a chemical positive drug, proving that the integrated process of "ultra-micro pulverization-ultrasound-compound enzymatic hydrolysis-homogenization-spray drying" can simultaneously improve the yield and biological activity of black fungus polysaccharides.

[0034] The solutions of this application have been described above in conjunction with various embodiments. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the core ideas of this application. However, this application is not limited to the specific implementation methods described above. The specific implementation methods described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of protection of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a lipid-lowering black fungus powder, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Place the pretreated black fungus residue into an ultra-fine pulverizer for pulverization to obtain black fungus powder; S2. After heating the water to a boil, add the black fungus powder and stir to obtain a thick solution. S3. The viscous solution is mixed with hot water for sonication, then the pH is adjusted to 4.5-5.0, and β-glucanase, cellulase and pectinase are added for enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain the hydrolysate. S4. Boil the enzymatic hydrolysate to inactivate the enzyme, then grind it using a colloid mill. After grinding, place it in a homogenizer for homogenization, and finally spray dry it to obtain the lipid-lowering black fungus powder.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preprocessing includes the following steps: Place the black fungus in a grinder and grind it to obtain black fungus residue.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulverization time described in S1 is 5 min-10 min, and the pulverization temperature is 4℃-8℃.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the viscous solution to hot water in S3 is 1:

50.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ultrasonic fragmentation time described in S3 is 10 min-15 min.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of β-glucanase, cellulase, pectinase to black fungus powder is 0.02g-0.03g: 0.03g-0.04g: 0.005g-0.015g: 1g.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 50℃, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 2h-3h.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray drying temperature is 200℃, and the feed rate is 400mL / h-600mL / h.

9. A lipid-lowering black fungus powder, characterized in that, It is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. The application of the lipid-lowering black fungus powder according to claim 9 in tea drinks, health products or food additives.

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