Phosphogypsum reverse flotation collecting agent and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an ardealite reverse flotation collecting agent and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of phosphorus chemical solid waste treatment, the ardealite reverse flotation collecting agent comprises the following components by weight: 40-60 parts of alkyl ammonium bromide, 10-20 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 10-20 parts of non-polar hydrocarbon oil, 10-15 parts of vinyl trimethoxy silane, and 10-20 parts of a polysaccharide agent. Through the reasonable proportion of the components, the separation effect of CaSO4. 2H2O, silicon dioxide, black organic carbon and other impurities is remarkably improved, the whiteness and purity of CaSO4. 2H2O are improved, the collecting agent has the advantages of being high in flotation efficiency, low in dosage, high in collecting capacity and the like, and meanwhile the collecting agent is simple and feasible in preparation method, low in cost and high in industrial application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of phosphorus chemical solid waste treatment technology, specifically to a phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Phosphogypsum is a solid waste generated during the wet-process phosphoric acid production process, and its main component is calcium sulfate dihydrate. Approximately 4.5 to 5 tons of phosphogypsum are produced for every ton of wet-process phosphoric acid produced. Currently, the comprehensive utilization rate of phosphogypsum is low, making its resource recovery and comprehensive treatment an urgent problem to be solved. Large-scale stockpiling of phosphogypsum not only occupies land resources but also may cause environmental pollution. Therefore, developing effective phosphogypsum treatment technologies to achieve its resource utilization is of significant economic and environmental importance. Besides calcium sulfate, phosphogypsum also contains phosphorus, iron, quartz, silica, and organic impurities, which severely affect its performance as a high-value-added product. The whiteness of phosphogypsum is an important indicator of its actual utilization value. Removing organic impurities such as silica and iron oxides from phosphogypsum and performing whitening treatment can significantly enhance its application value in energy storage materials, building materials, and other fields.

[0003] Currently, flotation technology for phosphogypsum is an effective means of realizing its resource utilization. Through technological innovation and process optimization, the high-value utilization of phosphogypsum can be achieved, and the selection of flotation collectors is crucial for improving the whiteness and purity of phosphogypsum. Currently, phosphogypsum flotation mainly uses direct flotation and reverse flotation. However, direct flotation suffers from problems such as complex material usage, cumbersome processes, the need to adjust the pulp pH, and difficult wastewater treatment. While reverse flotation is simpler and does not require pulp pH adjustment, current reverse flotation collectors have poor flotation performance, making it difficult to meet process application standards. Therefore, developing an environmentally friendly and efficient reverse flotation collector for phosphogypsum is particularly important. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, the present invention provides a phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, its preparation method and application, aiming to solve the technical problem of poor flotation effect of existing phosphogypsum reverse flotation collectors.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, comprising the following components by weight: 40-60 parts of alkane-based ammonium bromide, 10-20 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 10-20 parts of non-polar hydrocarbon oil, 10-15 parts of vinyltrimethoxysilane, and 10-20 parts of polysaccharide agent.

[0006] Preferably, alkane-based ammonium bromide includes at least one of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers include at least one of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; Non-polar hydrocarbon oils include at least one of kerosene and diesel oil; Polysaccharide agents include at least one of hydroxy starch and carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0007] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix non-polar hydrocarbon oil with alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and perform high-pressure homogenization emulsification to obtain an emulsifying agent. S2. Under stirring conditions, vinyltrimethoxysilane, polysaccharide reagent and alkane-based ammonium bromide are added to the emulsifying agent, and pressure homogenization is carried out to obtain phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the conditions for high-pressure homogenization emulsification are: pressure of 138~207MPa, pressurization time of 3~10min, and number of cycles of 3~5.

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, the conditions for pressurized homogenization are: pressure of 50~138MPa, pressurization time of 3~5min, and number of cycles of 2~3.

[0010] Thirdly, the present invention provides an application of a phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector in phosphogypsum reverse flotation.

[0011] Preferably, the application of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector in phosphogypsum reverse flotation specifically includes the following steps: S1. Grind the phosphogypsum, add water to adjust the slurry, and then add phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector to the slurry for a first-stage roughing process to obtain roughing concentrate and roughing tailings. S2. Add phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector to the roughing concentrate for a first-stage cleaning process to obtain a first-stage cleaned concentrate. Add phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector to the first-stage cleaned concentrate for a second-stage cleaning process to obtain a second-stage cleaned concentrate. Filter and dry the second-stage cleaned concentrate to obtain whitened phosphogypsum.

[0012] Preferably, the fineness of the phosphogypsum after grinding is -200 mesh with a content of 80%~85%; the concentration of the slurry is 18%~30%.

[0013] Preferably, the amount of phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector used in the first roughing stage is 0.3~0.4 kg / t based on the mass of phosphogypsum.

[0014] Preferably, the amount of phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector used in the first and second stages of the cleaning process is 0.05~0.1 kg / t, calculated by the mass of phosphogypsum.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector provided by this invention, through the synergistic effect of multi-component scientific formulation and process optimization, can effectively improve the flotation effect of phosphogypsum, significantly improve its whiteness and purity, and eliminates the need for additional frothers. It boasts advantages such as excellent frother properties, good collection effect, and fast flotation speed. This collector is simple to prepare, involves no complex processes, has low production costs, and is clean and environmentally friendly, possessing high economic value and promising prospects for widespread application. It solves the problem of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by large-scale stockpiling of phosphogypsum, while simultaneously improving the grade and recovery rate of phosphate concentrate. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation process in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] To address the technical problem of poor flotation performance of existing phosphogypsum reverse flotation collectors, this invention provides a phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, its preparation method, and its application. Through the synergistic effect of multiple components, the flotation effect of phosphogypsum can be effectively improved.

[0019] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, comprising, by weight, the following components: 40-60 parts of alkane-based ammonium bromide, 10-20 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 10-20 parts of non-polar hydrocarbon oil, 10-15 parts of vinyltrimethoxysilane, and 10-20 parts of polysaccharide reagent.

[0020] In the technical solution of this invention embodiment, a collector is used, which is a compound of alkane-based ammonium bromide, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, nonpolar hydrocarbon oil, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and polysaccharide agents. Alkane-based ammonium bromide, as a typical cationic collector, contains NH4+ in its molecule. +The functional groups can selectively adsorb onto the surface of silicate minerals such as quartz, binding with the Si-O bonds on the surface and changing them from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, thereby achieving the collection of gangue minerals such as quartz. Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and non-polar hydrocarbon oils work synergistically in the pulp to effectively destroy and remove organic matter and carbonaceous impurities, improve mineral surface wettability, and promote subsequent separation processes. Vinyltrimethoxysilane hydrolyzes in the pulp to generate Si-O groups, which, together with polysaccharide agents, act on the calcium sites of CaSO4 in phosphogypsum to form a stable complex structure, effectively inhibiting the misfloatation of calcium sulfate during the flotation process. At the same time, the covering effect of the polysaccharide molecular chains further enhances the selective inhibition of CaSO4. Through the synergistic cooperation of collection-decarbonization-inhibition among the components, the removal efficiency of impurities can be significantly improved, and the whiteness and purity of phosphogypsum can be improved simultaneously, thus achieving a comprehensive effect of impurity removal and whitening.

[0021] Furthermore, in some embodiments, alkane-based ammonium bromide includes at least one of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide.

[0022] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether includes at least one of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0023] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the non-polar hydrocarbon oil includes at least one of kerosene and diesel oil.

[0024] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the polysaccharide agent includes at least one of hydroxy starch and carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0025] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for preparing a phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix non-polar hydrocarbon oil with alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and perform high-pressure homogenization emulsification to obtain an emulsifying agent. S2. Under stirring conditions, vinyltrimethoxysilane, polysaccharide reagent and alkane-based ammonium bromide are added to the emulsifying agent, and pressure homogenization is carried out to obtain phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector.

[0026] In the technical solution of this invention embodiment, it is preferable to first premix non-polar hydrocarbon oil with alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and then perform emulsification treatment using high-pressure homogenization. Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, as a highly efficient emulsifier, can significantly reduce the interfacial tension between the non-polar hydrocarbon oil and the aqueous phase, enabling the non-polar hydrocarbon oil to form a stable emulsion state in water. Simultaneously, high-pressure homogenization further refines the droplet size, enhancing the uniformity and stability of the emulsion, thus resulting in a mixture exhibiting good water solubility and dispersibility. Based on this, the emulsified system is further mixed and homogenized with components such as vinyltrimethoxysilane, alkane-based ammonium bromide, and polysaccharide agents. This allows the components to be fully dispersed in the aqueous phase and maintain a stable synergistic effect, thereby improving the efficiency of the collector in the slurry and enhancing its impurity removal and whitening effect.

[0027] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the conditions for high-pressure homogenization emulsification in step S1 are: pressure of 138~207MPa, pressurization time of 3~10min, and number of cycles of 3~5.

[0028] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the conditions for pressurized homogenization in step S2 are: pressure of 50~138MPa, pressurization time of 3~5min, and number of cycles of 2~3.

[0029] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an application of a phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector in phosphogypsum reverse flotation.

[0030] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the application of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector in phosphogypsum reverse flotation specifically includes the following steps: S1. Grind the phosphogypsum, add water to adjust the slurry, and then add phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector to the slurry for a first-stage roughing process to obtain roughing concentrate and roughing tailings. S2. Add phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector to the roughing concentrate for a first-stage cleaning process to obtain a first-stage cleaned concentrate. Add phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector to the first-stage cleaned concentrate for a second-stage cleaning process to obtain a second-stage cleaned concentrate. Filter and dry the second-stage cleaned concentrate to obtain whitened phosphogypsum.

[0031] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the fineness of the phosphogypsum after grinding is -200 mesh with a content of 80%~85%.

[0032] In the technical solution of this invention embodiment, grinding can effectively improve the liberation degree of phosphogypsum, fully expose its internal impurities, and provide good conditions for subsequent flotation processes.

[0033] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the concentration of the slurry is 18% to 30%.

[0034] In the technical solution of this invention embodiment, the pulp concentration is controlled within a suitable range to ensure sufficient contact between the collector and the mineral particles, thereby improving flotation efficiency.

[0035] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the amount of phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector used in the roughing stage is 0.3~0.4 kg / t based on the mass of phosphogypsum.

[0036] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the amount of phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector used in the first and second stages of selection is 0.05~0.1 kg / t, respectively, based on the mass of phosphogypsum.

[0037] Furthermore, in some embodiments, after step S2, the process further includes: merging the tailings obtained from the first and second stage cleaning processes and performing scavenging to obtain scavenged ore and scavenged tailings; the scavenged ore is then returned to the first stage cleaning process for further flotation. The rough tailings obtained in step S1 are subjected to three scavenging processes to obtain three portions of middlings and tailings. The three portions of middlings are combined and re-selected to obtain tailings and re-selected middlings. The re-selected middlings and scavenged tailings are combined and returned to the original ore for another roughing process.

[0038] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the amount of phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector used in middlings reprocessing is 0.05~0.1 kg / t based on the mass of phosphogypsum.

[0039] The following are some specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they shall be performed in accordance with the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0040] Example 1 Application of a phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector in phosphogypsum reverse flotation, such as Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include: S1. Preparation of phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector: S11. Prepare the raw materials required for the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, which include, by weight: 50 parts of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 15 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 15 parts of kerosene, 12 parts of vinyltrimethoxysilane, and 18 parts of hydroxy starch. S12. Kerosene and octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether are mixed and subjected to high-pressure homogenization emulsification. The pressure is set to 150 MPa and the pressurization time is 5 minutes. The mixture is circulated 4 times to obtain the emulsified agent. S13. Add vinyltrimethoxysilane, hydroxy starch and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide sequentially to the emulsifying agent and stir. Then, perform pressure homogenization at 100 MPa for 4 minutes and repeat 3 times to obtain the collector. S2. Grind the phosphogypsum to a fineness of -200 mesh with a content of 80%, add water to adjust the slurry concentration to 25%, and carry out a first-stage roughing process. Add 0.35 kg / t of collector during the first-stage roughing process to obtain roughing concentrate and roughing tailings. S3. Add 0.1 kg / t collector to the rough concentrate for a first stage of fine cleaning to obtain a first stage concentrate. Add 0.05 kg / t collector to the first stage concentrate for a second stage of fine cleaning to obtain the final concentrate. Filter the final concentrate and dry it at 80℃ to obtain the final whitened phosphogypsum CaSO4·2H2O product. S4. Combine the tailings obtained from the first and second stage cleaning processes and perform scavenging to obtain scavenged ore and scavenged tailings; the scavenged ore is returned to the first stage cleaning process for further flotation. S5. The roughing tailings obtained in step S2 are subjected to three scavenging processes to obtain three portions of middlings and tailings. The three portions of middlings are combined, and 0.05 kg / t collector is added to perform middlings re-selection to obtain tailings and re-selected middlings. The re-selected middlings and the scavenging tailings in S4 are combined and returned to the original ore for further roughing.

[0041] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in step S1, the preparation of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector: S11. Prepare the raw materials required for the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, which include, by weight: 55 parts of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 18 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 12 parts of diesel oil, 10 parts of vinyltrimethoxysilane, and 20 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose. S12. Mix diesel oil and octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and homogenize under pressure. Set the pressure to 150 MPa and the pressure time to 5 minutes. Repeat the cycle 4 times to obtain a mixed agent. S13. Add vinyltrimethoxysilane, carboxymethyl cellulose and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to the mixed reagent in sequence and stir. Then, perform pressure homogenization at a pressure of 100 MPa for 4 minutes and repeat 3 times to obtain the collector.

[0042] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0043] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in step S1, the preparation of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector: S11. Prepare the raw materials required for the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, which include, by weight: 60 parts of octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 15 parts of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 15 parts of kerosene, 12 parts of vinyltrimethoxysilane, and 20 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose. S12. Mix kerosene and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and homogenize under pressure. Set the pressure to 150 MPa and the pressure time to 5 minutes. Repeat the cycle 4 times to obtain a mixed agent. S13. Add vinyltrimethoxysilane, carboxymethyl cellulose and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to the mixed reagent in sequence and stir. Then, perform pressure homogenization at a pressure of 100 MPa for 4 minutes and repeat the cycle 3 times to obtain the collector.

[0044] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector is the traditional collector sodium dodecyl sulfate.

[0046] The remaining steps of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation process are the same as in Example 1.

[0047] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector is alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0048] The remaining steps of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation process are the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector is a composite system of kerosene and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide. S1, Preparation of phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector: S11, Prepare the raw materials required for the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, which include, by weight: 50 parts of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide and 15 parts of kerosene; S12, Mix and stir the kerosene and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and perform pressure homogenization. The pressure is set to 100 MPa, the pressure time is 4 minutes, and the cycle is repeated 3 times to obtain the collector.

[0050] The remaining steps of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation process are the same as in Example 1.

[0051] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector is a composite system of carboxymethyl cellulose and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide. S1, Preparation of phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector: S11, Prepare the raw materials required for the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, which include, by weight: 50 parts of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide and 18 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose; S12, Mix and stir the carboxymethyl cellulose and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and perform pressure homogenization. The pressure is set to 100 MPa, the pressure time is 4 minutes, and the cycle is repeated 3 times to obtain the collector.

[0052] The remaining steps of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation process are the same as in Example 1.

[0053] Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector is a composite system of carboxymethyl cellulose, kerosene, and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide. S1, Preparation of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector: S11, Prepare the raw materials required for the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, which include, by weight: 50 parts of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 15 parts of kerosene, and 18 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose; S12, Add carboxymethyl cellulose and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide to kerosene and stir, then perform pressure homogenization. The pressure is set to 100 MPa, the pressure time is 4 minutes, and the cycle is repeated 3 times to obtain the collector.

[0054] The remaining steps of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation process are the same as in Example 1.

[0055] Comparative Example 6 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector is a composite system of carboxymethyl cellulose, vinyltrimethoxysilane, kerosene and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide. S1, Preparation of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector: S11, Prepare the raw materials required for the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, which include, by weight: 50 parts of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 15 parts of kerosene, 12 parts of vinyltrimethoxysilane and 18 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose; S12, Add vinyltrimethoxysilane, carboxymethyl cellulose and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide to the kerosene in sequence and stir, perform pressure homogenization, set the pressure to 100 MPa, pressurize for 4 minutes, and cycle 3 times to obtain the collector.

[0056] The remaining steps of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation process are the same as in Example 1.

[0057] The phosphogypsum concentrate obtained by reverse flotation process in each embodiment and comparative example was tested to determine the CaSO4·2H2O content and whiteness. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0058] Table 1

[0059] Test results show that the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector provided by this invention can significantly improve the purity and whiteness of the final phosphogypsum product. The purity of the final product CaSO4·2H2O can reach about 95%, and the whiteness can reach over 75%. Compared with the single traditional collectors sodium dodecyl sulfate and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene used in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector provided by this invention has good foaming properties and dense foam. During the flotation process, organic matter adheres to the surface of the bubbles to form black foam for a longer time and with a deeper color. It has a better removal effect on mineral impurities such as quartz, and the purity of phosphogypsum is increased by about 5%. Comparative Example 3 uses a composite collector system of kerosene and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, which can improve the recovery of hydrophobic particles, but its inhibitory effect on impurities is insufficient. Comparative Example 4 uses carboxymethyl cellulose as an inhibitor and combines it with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide collector for flotation. The impurity removal rate is slightly improved, but the inhibitor and collector do not work in sync, resulting in the loss of some useful minerals. Comparative Example 5 uses a compound system of carboxymethyl cellulose, kerosene and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide for flotation. The impurity removal effect is acceptable, but the flotation foam stability is insufficient. Comparative Example 6 uses carboxymethyl cellulose and vinyltrimethoxysilane as inhibitors and combines them with kerosene and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide. This improves the pulp dispersibility to a certain extent, but the interfacial bonding force is still insufficient.

[0060] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments that have the same structure and perform the same effects as the technical concept within the scope of the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, are also included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following components: 40-60 parts of alkyl ammonium bromide, 10-20 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 10-20 parts of non-polar hydrocarbon oil, 10-15 parts of vinyltrimethoxysilane, and 10-20 parts of polysaccharide agent.

2. The phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alkane-based ammonium bromide includes at least one of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; And / or, the alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether includes at least one of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; And / or, the non-polar hydrocarbon oil includes at least one of kerosene and diesel oil; And / or, the polysaccharide agent includes at least one of hydroxy starch and carboxymethyl cellulose.

3. The method for preparing the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Mix non-polar hydrocarbon oil with alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and perform high-pressure homogenization emulsification to obtain an emulsifying agent. S2. Under stirring conditions, vinyltrimethoxysilane, polysaccharide and alkane-based ammonium bromide are added to the emulsifying agent, and pressure homogenization is performed to obtain the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector.

4. The method for preparing the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S1, the conditions for the high-pressure homogenization emulsification treatment are: pressure of 138~207MPa, pressurization time of 3~10min, and number of cycles of 3~5.

5. The method for preparing the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, the conditions for the pressurized homogenization process are: pressure of 50~138MPa, pressurization time of 3~5min, and number of cycles of 2~3.

6. The application of the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 in the reverse flotation of phosphogypsum.

7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: S1. Grind the phosphogypsum, add water to adjust the slurry, and then add the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector to the slurry for a first-stage roughing process to obtain roughing concentrate and roughing tailings. S2. Add the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector to the rough concentrate for a first-stage cleaning process to obtain a first-stage clean concentrate; add the phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector to the first-stage clean concentrate for a second-stage cleaning process to obtain a second-stage clean concentrate; filter and dry the second-stage clean concentrate to obtain whitened phosphogypsum.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, the fineness of the phosphogypsum after grinding is -200 mesh with a content of 80%~85%; the concentration of the slurry is 18%~30%.

9. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the amount of phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector used in the first roughing stage is 0.3~0.4 kg / t based on the mass of phosphogypsum.

10. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the amount of phosphogypsum reverse flotation collector used in the first and second stages of the fine-grained process is 0.05~0.1 kg / t, respectively, based on the mass of phosphogypsum.

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