Special synergistic pesticide fertilizer for perennial root sugarcane in seedling stage as well as preparation method and application of special synergistic pesticide fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical fertilizer preparation, and discloses a special synergistic pesticide fertilizer for a ratoon cane seedling stage, a preparation method and application thereof, the pesticide fertilizer adopts a core-shell layered structure, and comprises a core fertilizer layer, a pesticide layer and a resin coating layer from inside to outside in sequence; the medical fertilizer comprises the following components: 20-40% of an organic fertilizer; 20%-40% of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer; 5%-20% of a medium element fertilizer; 0.1%-2.5% of an insecticide; 0.1%-2.5% of a bactericide; 0.5%-5% of a composite slow release agent; 0.4%-2% of a resin coating material; and the balance of filler. By optimizing a formula and a preparation process, synergistic release of fertilizer nutrients and pesticide active ingredients is realized, nutrient requirements and disease and pest control requirements of ratoon sugarcanes in the seedling stage are met, the budding rate is remarkably increased, the withered seedling rate is reduced, and yield and income are finally increased; the stability and effectiveness of each component in the pesticide fertilizer can be effectively ensured; through precise application, multiple effects of the pesticide fertilizer are exerted to the maximum extent, and a standardized technical scheme is provided for seedling management of ratoon sugarcanes.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of chemical fertilizer preparation, in particular to a special synergistic fertilizer for ratoon cane seedling stage, a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important sugar crop and energy crop in China, sugarcane is mainly planted in the mode of "1 year new planting + 2-4 years ratoon planting". The ratoon planting mode can significantly reduce the production costs of sugarcane farmers such as land plowing and seedling purchase, and the longer the ratoon planting period, the more prominent the economic benefits. However, there are significant shortcomings in the current ratoon sugarcane cultivation and management, especially the backward management technology in the seedling stage, which has become a key bottleneck restricting the yield and quality improvement of ratoon sugarcane.

[0003] The ratoon sugarcane seedling stage (from sugarcane harvesting to stable tillering) faces multiple growth challenges: first, the overwintering generation of pests (the outbreak period is from the end of March to the beginning of April) causes serious damage to the seedling stage, the larvae feed on sugarcane buds and young stems, resulting in a high rate of dead heart seedlings of more than 45% (blank control data), directly reducing the number of effective seedlings; second, the wound surface left by sugarcane harvesting lacks effective protection and is easily infected by pathogenic bacteria, leading to rotting of sugarcane buds and reduction of bud emergence rate; third, the soil nutrient supply in the seedling stage is insufficient, and traditional fertilization is mainly concentrated in the period of 4-6 months of large cultivation, and the nutrient deficiency in the seedling stage leads to slow and less bud emergence and weak growth of young seedlings; fourth, in the traditional management, the sugarcane farmers often use the method of on-site mixing of "conventional compound fertilizer / urea + pesticide", which is not only cumbersome and increases labor costs, but also the amount of fertilization and pesticide use is controlled by experience, which easily leads to waste of fertilizer and pesticide, increases production costs, and may cause environmental pollution.

[0004] In the prior art, although there are some special fertilizers for sugarcane fields or pesticide products, there are obvious limitations: single fertilizer product can only provide nutrients and cannot prevent and control diseases and pests; single pesticide product can only prevent and control diseases and pests and cannot meet the nutrient demand of seedling growth; ordinary fertilizer-pesticide products are mostly simple mixed formulations, there are compatibility problems between pesticide and fertilizer components, and there is no targeted slow-release design, which leads to short duration of fertilizer and pesticide effects and makes it difficult to match the growth demand of ratoon sugarcane seedling stage for 2-3 months. In addition, the existing fertilizer-pesticide products do not fully consider the four demands of "pest prevention, disease prevention, bud emergence promotion and yellowing prevention" in the ratoon sugarcane seedling stage, and cannot fundamentally solve the management problems in the seedling stage. In view of the above problems, a special synergistic fertilizer for ratoon sugarcane seedling stage, a preparation method and application thereof are proposed. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a special synergistic fertilizer for ratoon sugarcane seedling stage, a preparation method and application thereof, which solves the problem of not being able to realize multifunctional treatment in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the application provides the following technical scheme: a special synergistic fertilizer for ratoon cane seedling stage, which adopts a core-shell layered structure, and from inside to outside, it is a core fertilizer layer, a pesticide layer and a resin coating layer; the fertilizer comprises the following components by weight percentage:

[0007] Organic fertilizer: 20%-40%, which is made by mixing and fermenting marine product processing waste, livestock and poultry manure and crop straw at a mass ratio of 1:2-3, and adding 0.5%-1% of a compound microbial agent during the fermentation process, the compound microbial agent is compounded by Bacillus subtilis, yeast and actinomycetes at an active bacteria number ratio of 2:1:1, and after fermentation, the organic matter content is ≥60% and the pH value is 6.5-7.5;

[0008] Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer: 20%-40%, which is compounded by urea and monoammonium phosphate at a mass ratio of 3:1-2;

[0009] Medium element fertilizer: 5%-20%, which is compounded by magnesium sulfate and calcium nitrate at a mass ratio of 2:1;

[0010] Insecticide: 0.1%-2.5%, which is compounded by chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam at a mass ratio of 1:1; fungicide: 0.1%-2.5%, which is compounded by pyraclostrobin and difenoconazole at a mass ratio of 2:1;

[0011] Compound slow-release agent: 0.5%-5%, which is compounded by oxalic acid, humic acid powder and zeolite powder at a mass ratio of 1:3:6;

[0012] Resin coating material: 0.4%-2%, which is compounded by polyurethane resin and silicone resin at a mass ratio of 3:1;

[0013] Filling agent: the balance, which is kaolin with a particle size of 200-300 mesh.

[0014] Further, the marine product processing waste is at least one of shrimp shells, crab shells and fish bones; the livestock and poultry manure is at least one of chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure and cow manure; and the crop straw is at least one of sugarcane residue and corn straw.

[0015] Further, the fermentation period of the organic fertilizer is 30-45 days.

[0016] Further, the preparation method of the special synergistic fertilizer for ratoon cane seedling stage comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1: core fertilizer layer preparation: the organic fertilizer is crushed to a particle size of ≤1mm, mixed with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, medium element fertilizer, compound slow-release agent and filler according to a proportion, deionized water is added to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 18%-22%, and the mixture is sent into a centrifugal extrusion and roundness forming three-in-one granulation equipment to form particles with a particle size of 2-3mm under the conditions of a rotating speed of 300-400r / min and a temperature of 50-60 DEG C; the particles are sent into a dryer, the inlet air temperature is controlled to be 150-170 DEG C, the outlet air temperature is controlled to be 50-60 DEG C, and the particles are dried until the moisture content of the particles is ≤5%, so that the core fertilizer layer is obtained;

[0018] S2: pesticide layer coating: the insecticide and the fungicide are mixed according to a proportion, 5%-10% of a dispersing agent based on the total mass of the pesticide is added, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to form a pesticide suspension; the core fertilizer layer particles are sent into a hemispherical disc coating machine, the rotating speed of the disc is controlled to be 15-20r / min, the pesticide suspension is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the particles, the spraying amount is 5-8kg of the pesticide suspension per 100kg of the core fertilizer layer, and the particles are dried at 30-40 DEG C for 10-15min after spraying, so that the pesticide fertilizer particles are obtained;

[0019] S3: resin coating layer preparation: a resin coating material is dissolved in ethanol to form a coating liquid with a mass concentration of 10%-15%; the coating liquid is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the pesticide fertilizer particles, the spraying amount is 3-5kg of the coating liquid per 100kg of the pesticide fertilizer particles, the temperature is increased to 60-70 DEG C for 5-8min, the coating material is polymerized in situ to form a resin coating layer, and the resin coating layer is screened and impurities are removed after cooling to room temperature, so that the special synergistic pesticide fertilizer for ratoon sugarcane seedling stage is obtained.

[0020] Further, the dispersing agent in S2 is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.

[0021] Further, the application of the special synergistic pesticide fertilizer for ratoon sugarcane seedling stage is as follows: the special pesticide fertilizer is uniformly applied in a range of 10-15cm around the sugarcane head within 7-10 days after the previous crop of sugarcane is cut, the application amount is 15-20kg per mu, and the soil is covered with a mulch film after the application, the soil is covered with the mulch film when the soil moisture content is less than 15%, and the soil is not covered with the mulch film when the soil moisture content is more than 15%.

[0022] Further, no additional fertilization or pesticide application is required within 30-40 days after the application of the pesticide fertilizer.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the special synergistic pesticide fertilizer for ratoon sugarcane seedling stage has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The application provides a special synergistic pesticide fertilizer for ratoon cane seedling stages, a preparation method and application thereof. The pesticide fertilizer adopts a core-shell layered structure design, realizes the synergistic release of fertilizer nutrients and pesticide effective components through optimization of a formula and a preparation process, simultaneously meets the nutrient demand and pest and disease control demand of the ratoon cane seedling stages, significantly improves the germination rate and reduces the rate of dry seedlings, and finally realizes yield increase and income increase. The method is stable in process and simple in operation, can realize large-scale production, and can effectively ensure the stability and effectiveness of each component in the pesticide fertilizer. Through accurate application, the multiple effects of the pesticide fertilizer are maximized, and a standardized technical scheme is provided for the ratoon cane seedling stage management.

[0025] The core-shell layered structure is adopted, the core fertilizer layer provides sustained nutrient supply, the pesticide layer accurately controls pests and diseases, and the resin coating layer realizes controlled release regulation, and the functions of each layer are clear and synergistic.

[0026] The organic fertilizer is obtained by compounding and fermenting marine product waste, livestock and poultry manure and crop straw, and adding a compound microbial agent, so that the organic matter content is improved, the soil microecological environment is improved, and the root growth is promoted.

[0027] The inorganic nitrogen fertilizer is obtained by compounding urea and monoammonium phosphate, so that the available nitrogen and phosphorus supply are considered, and the nutrient demand of the seedling stage root development and seedling growth is met.

[0028] The insecticide and fungicide both adopt a compounding scheme, the control spectrum is expanded, and the pest and disease control effect is improved; the introduction of the compound slow-release agent realizes the slow release of nutrients and pesticides, the fertilizer effect and the pesticide effect have a long duration period, the growth period of the ratoon cane seedling stage is matched, and the application frequency is reduced.

[0029] Centrifugal extrusion paragranulation and in-situ polymerization coating technology are adopted, so that the pesticide fertilizer particles are uniform and the coating is dense, the interaction between the components is effectively avoided, and the product stability is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The application provides a special synergistic pesticide fertilizer for ratoon cane seedling stages, a preparation method and application thereof. The pesticide fertilizer adopts a core-shell layered structure design, through optimization of a formula and a preparation process, realizes the synergistic release of fertilizer nutrients and pesticide effective components, simultaneously meets the nutrient demand and pest and disease control demand of the ratoon cane seedling stages, significantly improves the germination rate and reduces the rate of dry seedlings, and finally realizes yield increase and income increase; the method is stable in process and simple in operation, can realize large-scale production, and can effectively ensure the stability and effectiveness of each component in the pesticide fertilizer; through accurate application, the multiple effects of the pesticide fertilizer are maximized, and a standardized technical scheme is provided for the ratoon cane seedling stage management; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0032] The application will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0033] Embodiment 1

[0034] A special medicine and fertilizer for sugarcane ratoon seedling stage, the components are as follows in percentage by weight:

[0035] Organic fertilizer: 30% (shrimp shells: cow dung: sugarcane residue = 1:2:1, fermented by adding 0.8% compound microbial agent, organic matter content 65%);

[0036] Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer: 30% (urea: monoammonium phosphate = 3:1.5);

[0037] Medium element fertilizer: 10% (magnesium sulfate: calcium nitrate = 2:1);

[0038] Insecticide: 0.14% (chlorantraniliprole: thiamethoxam = 1:1, chlorantraniliprole 0.07%, thiamethoxam 0.07%);

[0039] Bactericide: 0.2% (pyraclostrobin: difenoconazole = 2:1, pyraclostrobin 0.13%, difenoconazole 0.07%);

[0040] Compound slow-release agent: 2% (oxalic acid: humic acid powder: zeolite powder = 1:3:6);

[0041] Resin coating material: 0.6% (polyurethane resin: silicone resin = 3:1);

[0042] Filler: kaolin, supplemented to 100%.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 Preparation method:

[0044] Core fertilizer layer preparation: mix the above components, adjust the moisture content to 20%, granulate at 350 r / min and 55°C, particle size 2-3 mm, then dry at 160°C inlet temperature and 55°C outlet temperature to a moisture content of 4%;

[0045] Pesticide layer coating: mix the insecticide and bactericide, add 8% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to form a suspension, spray in a disc coating machine at 18 r / min, spray amount 6 kg / 100 kg core particles, dry at 35°C for 12 min;

[0046] Resin coating layer preparation: dissolve the coating material in ethanol to prepare a 12% concentration coating solution, spray amount 4 kg / 100 kg medicine and fertilizer particles, 65°C for 6 min, in-situ polymerization and cooling screening to obtain the special medicine and fertilizer.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] The difference from Example 1 is that the insecticide is 0.1% (chlorantraniliprole 0.05%, thiamethoxam 0.05%), the fungicide is 0.1% (pyraclostrobin 0.07%, difenoconazole 0.03%), and the compound slow-release agent is 1%. The remaining components and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] The difference from Example 1 is that the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer is 25% (urea: monoammonium phosphate = 3:1), and the medium element fertilizer is 8%. The remaining components and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0051] Comparative Example 1 (Traditional fertilizer and pesticide combination)

[0052] The following mixture was applied on-site: 20 kg / mu of conventional compound fertilizer (NPK=15-15-15) + 50 mL / mu of chlorantraniliprole emulsifiable concentrate (20% effective ingredient content) + 30 mL / mu of pyraclostrobin suspension concentrate (25% effective ingredient content). The application time was the same as in Example 1.

[0053] Field trials verification

[0054] Experimental Design

[0055] Experimental location: Sugarcane planting base in Nanning, Guangxi, with red soil and sugarcane (Yuetang 61) as the previous crop.

[0056] The experiment included Examples 1-3, Comparative Example 1, and a blank control group (no fertilizer or pesticide applied). Each group had a plot area of ​​66.7 square meters. The experiment was repeated 4 times, with a randomized block design and a row spacing of 1.1m. Except for the application of fertilizers and pesticides, the other field management (weeding and irrigation) was carried out in accordance with the usual procedures.

[0057] Measurement indicators and results

[0058] The rate of dead heart seedlings and the efficacy of stem borer control were measured after the stem borer outbreak (mid-April); the total number of seedlings per mu (unit of land area) was measured after tillering stabilized (late May); and the effective stems per mu and yield per mu were measured at maturity (late November). The results are shown in the table below:

[0059] Test group Rate of dead seedling (%) Control effect of borer (%) Total seedling number per mu (plants) Effective stem number per mu (plants) Theoretical yield per mu (tons) Example 1 0.18 99.62 9620 5810 8.75 Example 2 2.35 94.78 8250 4980 7.12 Example 3 0.52 98.84 8860 5320 7.86 Comparative Example 1 8.75 79.44 6520 3850 5.23 Blank control group 44.80 - 3820 2280 2.98

[0060] Table 1

[0061] The results above show that the special fertilizer and pesticide of Examples 1-3 of the present invention are significantly better than Comparative Example 1 (traditional fertilizer and pesticide combination) and blank control group in terms of controlling dead heart seedlings, increasing seedling number and yield. Among them, Example 1 has the best effect, with a stem borer control efficacy of 99.62% and a yield per mu that is 190% higher than the blank control and 67.3% higher than Comparative Example 1, which fully demonstrates the superiority of the fertilizer and pesticide of the present invention.

[0062] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0063] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A special synergistic fertilizer for ratooned sugarcane seedlings, characterized in that: The fertilizer-pesticide adopts a core-shell layered structure, consisting of a core fertilizer layer, a pesticide layer, and a resin coating layer from the inside out; by weight percentage, the fertilizer-pesticide comprises the following components: Organic fertilizer: 20%-40%, wherein the organic fertilizer is made by fermenting seafood processing waste with livestock and poultry manure and crop straw in a mass ratio of 1:2-3. During the fermentation process, 0.5%-1% of compound microbial agent is added. The compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, yeast and actinomycetes in a live bacteria ratio of 2:1:

1. After fermentation, the organic matter content is ≥60% and the pH value is 6.5-7.

5. Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer: 20%-40%, is a mixture of urea and monoammonium phosphate in a mass ratio of 3:1-2; Medium-element fertilizer: 5%-20%, is a mixture of magnesium sulfate and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 2:1; Insecticide: 0.1%-2.5%, a mixture of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam in a 1:1 mass ratio; Fungicide: 0.1%-2.5%, a mixture of pyraclostrobin and difenoconazole in a 2:1 mass ratio; Compound sustained-release agent: 0.5%-5%, composed of oxalic acid, humic acid powder and zeolite powder in a mass ratio of 1:3:6; Resin coating material: 0.4%-2%, which is a mixture of polyurethane resin and silicone resin in a mass ratio of 3:1; Filler: Balance, is kaolin with a particle size of 200-300 mesh.

2. The special synergistic fertilizer for ratooned sugarcane seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seafood processing waste is at least one of shrimp shells, crab shells, and fish bones; the livestock and poultry manure is at least one of chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, and cow manure; and the crop straw is at least one of sugarcane bagasse and corn stalks.

3. The special synergistic fertilizer for ratooned sugarcane seedlings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fermentation cycle of the organic fertilizer is 30-45 days.

4. A method for preparing a special synergistic fertilizer for ratooned sugarcane seedlings as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Core fertilizer layer preparation: Crush organic fertilizer to a particle size ≤1mm, mix it with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, medium element fertilizer, compound slow-release agent and filler in proportion, add deionized water to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 18%-22%, and send it into a centrifugal extrusion and rounding three-in-one granulation equipment. Granulate it at a speed of 300-400r / min and a temperature of 50-60℃ to obtain particles with a particle size of 2-3mm. Send the particles into a dryer, control the inlet air temperature to 150-170℃ and the outlet air temperature to 50-60℃, and dry it until the particle moisture content is ≤5% to obtain the core fertilizer layer. S2: Pesticide layer coating: Insecticide and fungicide are mixed in proportion, and dispersant accounting for 5%-10% of the total pesticide mass is added. The mixture is stirred evenly to prepare a pesticide suspension. The core fertilizer layer granules are fed into a hemispherical disc coating machine. The disc rotation speed is controlled at 15-20 r / min. The pesticide suspension is evenly sprayed on the surface of the granules. The spraying amount is 5-8 kg of pesticide suspension per 100 kg core fertilizer layer. After spraying, the granules are dried at 30-40℃ for 10-15 min to obtain pesticide-fertilizer granules. S3: Preparation of resin coating layer: Dissolve the resin coating material in ethanol to prepare a coating solution with a mass concentration of 10%-15%; uniformly spray the coating solution onto the surface of the fertilizer granules, with a spraying amount of 3-5 kg ​​of coating solution per 100 kg of fertilizer granules; heat to 60-70℃ and keep warm for 5-8 minutes to allow the coating material to polymerize in situ to form a resin coating layer; after cooling to room temperature, sieve to remove impurities to obtain a special synergistic fertilizer for ratooning sugarcane seedlings.

5. The method for preparing a special synergistic fertilizer for ratooned sugarcane seedlings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dispersant in S2 is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

6. The application of a special synergistic fertilizer for ratooned sugarcane seedlings as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The application method is as follows: 7-10 days after the previous sugarcane harvest, choose a sunny or cloudy day and evenly spread the special fertilizer and pesticide within a 10-15cm range around the sugarcane head. The application rate is 15-20kg / mu. After spreading, cover the soil with mulch film according to the soil moisture. Cover the soil with mulch film when the soil moisture content is below 15% and do not cover the soil with mulch film when the soil moisture content is above 15%.

7. The application of the special synergistic fertilizer for ratooned sugarcane seedlings according to claim 6, characterized in that: No additional fertilization or pesticide application is required within 30-40 days after the application of the pesticide-fertilizer.

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