Self-adaptive suspension water flow sand content measuring equipment and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sand content detection, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive suspension water flow sand content measuring device and method. A lifting buoy; an air bag is arranged at the upper part in the lifting buoy; the air bag is connected with the air supply unit, and the air supply unit performs inflation and deflation control so as to control the sinking and floating position of the lifting buoy on the water surface; a grating detector, a lens and a light source are arranged in the sand content measuring cylinder, and the light source irradiates the grating detector through the lens; a water pressure gauge is mounted on the sand content measuring cylinder; and a controller. According to the scheme, through inflation and deflation control of the air bag, stable suspension and self-adaptive positioning of the equipment at the specified depth in water flow are achieved; the problems of data distortion and high maintenance cost caused by the sensor are avoided; the grating sensor is used for directly obtaining the weight and the sand content of water flow and detailed sand grain grading distribution data in a long time and high precision mode, and the bottleneck that a traditional indirect measuring method is greatly interfered by sand characteristics is broken through.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sediment content detection technology, specifically relating to an adaptive suspension water flow sediment content measurement device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Detection of sediment content in river flow is a fundamental task in fields such as water conservancy projects, water resource management, and ecological protection. It can ensure the safe operation of water conservancy projects, support water resource development and utilization, and serve river management and planning.

[0003] In existing technologies, the measurement of sediment content in water flows mainly relies on methods such as manual sampling, fixed online monitoring, or fixed-point suspended measurement. Manual sampling requires collecting water samples at specific depths and then sending them to the laboratory for filtration, drying, and weighing analysis. This process is cumbersome and time-consuming, cannot obtain continuous data, and is high-risk during flood season. Fixed or suspended monitoring equipment (such as optical turbidimeters (OBS) or acoustic devices (ADCP)) is usually rigidly installed on the riverbed, bridge piers, or moored buoys, and the sediment content is inferred by indirectly measuring the turbidity of the water or the intensity of backscattered sound waves.

[0004] The above methods have significant limitations: First, fixed sensors cannot adapt to drastic rises and falls in water level, which can easily lead to measurement interruptions or data loss of representativeness. Secondly, the sensor surface is in the same position for a long time, making it very easy to be completely buried by silt or attached by aquatic organisms, resulting in serious data distortion and extremely difficult maintenance. Furthermore, indirect measurement methods are greatly affected by the particle size, color, and shape of sediment particles, making it difficult to guarantee measurement accuracy. Moreover, they usually cannot simultaneously obtain the crucial particle size distribution of sediment.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to design an adaptive suspended water flow sediment content measurement device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies, this solution provides an adaptive suspension water flow sediment concentration measurement device and method.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: An adaptive suspension water flow sediment concentration measurement device includes: A fixed mounting bracket is installed at the measurement point in the water area; The lifting float is vertically mounted on a fixed mounting frame and can be raised and lowered. An air bladder is installed in the upper part of the lifting float. The air bladder is connected to an air supply unit, and the air supply unit controls the inflation and deflation of the air to control the floating position of the lifting float on the water surface. The sediment concentration measuring cylinder is horizontally fixed at the lower part of the lifting float; the sediment concentration measuring cylinder is equipped with a measuring channel for water flow, and a grating detector, lens and light source are installed in the measuring channel. The light source illuminates the grating detector through the lens; a water pressure gauge is installed on the sediment concentration measuring cylinder. The controller is electrically connected to the water pressure gauge and the air supply unit, and controls the air supply unit according to the measurement value of the water pressure gauge to change the measurement depth.

[0008] Optional: The air supply unit includes an air inlet pipe, an electric air inlet valve, a pressure gauge, and an air compressor; the air inlet of the air compressor is connected to the air inlet pipe, the electric air inlet valve and the pressure gauge are both installed on the air inlet pipe, and one end of the air inlet pipe has an air inlet that connects to the atmospheric environment; the air compressor is installed inside the lifting float; the airbag is also connected to a vacuum pump through a pipe.

[0009] Optionally: The top and bottom openings of the lifting pontoon are respectively provided with first debris-blocking grids; a track is provided on the side wall of the lifting pontoon, the middle of the track is fixedly connected to one end of the expansion joint and the other end is connected to a pulley, the pulley is in rolling cooperation with the track on the fixed mounting frame to cooperate with the lifting and lowering movement of the lifting pontoon.

[0010] Optional: A second debris barrier is installed inside the inlet of the sand content measuring cylinder; the grating detector, lens and light source are arranged sequentially along the water flow direction.

[0011] Optionally: When the airbag is inflated and deflated and its volume is changed, the adaptive suspended water flow sediment content measuring device rises and falls. The airbag volume is ,satisfy:

[0012] in, The total weight of the water flow sediment concentration measuring equipment. ρ is the buoyancy of the water flow sediment content measuring device, ρ is the density of water = 1000 kg / m³, and g is the gravitational acceleration = 9.8 m / s².

[0013] Optional: Water pressure gauges are installed at the inlet and outlet of the sediment concentration measuring cylinder; the water pressure gauges are located on the center line of the sediment concentration measuring cylinder; the depth of the sediment concentration measuring cylinder... ,satisfy:

[0014] in, To measure water pressure, ρ is the standard atmospheric pressure at the measurement point; ρ is the density of water = 1000 kg / m³; g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m / s².

[0015] in, The measurement value is at the water inlet. This is the measurement value at the water outlet.

[0016] Optional: When the air compressor is running, the rising process is as follows: the air compressor inflates the air bladder, the air bladder volume increases, the drainage volume increases, the buoyancy increases, and the equipment rises; the falling process is as follows: the vacuum pump extracts air from the air bladder, the air bladder volume decreases, the drainage volume decreases, the buoyancy decreases, and the equipment falls. During the above process, the pressure at which the air compressor inflates the air bag is: :

[0017] Where ρ is the density of water = 1000 kg / m³, and g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m / s²; The depth of the sand content measuring cylinder; The standard atmospheric pressure at the measurement point is denoted as . This represents the pipeline pressure loss, with a value ranging from 10 to 20 kPa.

[0018] A method for measuring sediment content in flowing water, using the aforementioned adaptive suspension sediment content measurement device; the specific steps are as follows: S1: Select the known particle size distribution (PSD) of the particle group and calculate the theoretical light intensity that should be received on each ring of the grating detector. ; S2: By discretizing a continuous particle size range into a finite number of particle size intervals, the measured light intensity is obtained through a system of linear equations. ; S3: Solve using optimization algorithms such as the least squares method to minimize the sum of squared residuals between the calculated theoretical light intensity and the measured light intensity;

[0019] S4: The volume concentration for each particle size range was calculated. The total volumetric sand content is the sum of the volumetric concentrations of all particle size ranges; S5: Convert the calculated value in S4 into weight sand content.

[0020] Optional: In step S1: Theoretically, the total scattered light intensity at angle θ is the sum of the contributions from all particles of different sizes;

[0021] Where D is the particle size. Let D be the volume concentration of particles with a diameter of D. The astigmatic intensity is measured at the scattering angle θ. It is the intensity of scattered light produced by a single particle with a diameter of D at an angle θ; In step S2: Measured light intensity

[0022] in: It is the scattering angle corresponding to the i-th detector ring; It is the representative particle size of the j-th particle size range; is the volume concentration of the j-th particle size range; the maximum value N of i is determined by the number of channels of the photodetector; the maximum value M of j is determined by the resolution of the algorithm result.

[0023] Optional: In step S4: Calculate the percentage of sediment particle volume relative to the water volume. : ; In step S5: Convert to weight sediment content :

[0024] in, The density of the silt particles is 2650 g / L.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This solution achieves overall buoyancy control of the equipment by controlling the inflation and deflation of the airbag, solving the problem that existing equipment cannot maintain the optimal measurement position with changes in water level due to fixed installation, and realizing stable suspension and adaptive positioning of the equipment at a specified depth in the water flow. 2. At the same time, it also avoids the problem of sensors being easily clogged due to long-term exposure, leading to data distortion and high maintenance costs. By adding a detachable dirt-blocking grid (which facilitates regular cleaning), the reliability of long-term measurements is ensured. 3. By deploying grating sensors that can be placed underwater for extended periods, the weight sediment content and detailed sediment particle size distribution data of water flow can be obtained directly, over a long period, and with high precision. This overcomes the bottleneck of traditional indirect measurement methods being greatly affected by sediment characteristics, thus providing more comprehensive and reliable technical support for hydrological research, water conservancy projects, and disaster early warning. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this scheme or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the adaptive suspension water flow sediment concentration measurement device in this scheme.

[0028] In the diagram: 1-Air inlet; 2-Electric air inlet valve; 3-Pressure gauge; 4-Pipe inlet; 5-Lifting float; 6-First debris barrier; 7-Airbag; 8-Air compressor; 9-Railway; 10-Expansion joint; 11-Pulley; 12-Sand content measuring cylinder; 13-Water inlet; 14-Second debris barrier; 15-Light grating detector; 16-Lens; 17-Light source; 18-Water outlet; 19-Water pressure gauge. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions in this embodiment will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this solution without creative effort are within the protection scope of this solution.

[0030] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment designs an adaptive suspended water flow sediment content measuring device, including a fixed mounting frame, an air inlet pipe, an electric air inlet valve 2, a pressure gauge 3, a pipe opening 4, a lifting float 5, a first debris barrier 6, an air bladder 7, an air compressor 8, a track 9, an expansion joint 10, a pulley 11, a sediment content measuring cylinder 12, a second debris barrier 14, a grating detector 15, a lens 16, a light source 17, a water pressure gauge 19, and other components.

[0031] Fixed mounting brackets are typically installed at measurement points in river areas and are used for the installation of components such as lifting buoys.

[0032] The lifting pontoon 5 is vertically mounted on a fixed mounting frame and can be raised and lowered. A track 9 is provided on the side wall of the lifting pontoon 5. The middle part of the track 9 is fixedly connected to one end of the telescopic joint 10 and the other end is connected to a pulley 11. The pulley 11 rolls with the track on the fixed mounting frame to cooperate with the raising and lowering movement of the lifting pontoon 5.

[0033] An air bladder 7 is installed in the upper part of the lifting pontoon 5. The air bladder 7 is connected to the air supply unit and is controlled by the air supply unit to control the floating position of the lifting pontoon 5 on the water surface. When in use, the lifting pontoon 5 floats on the water surface of the river. When the air bladder 7 is inflated, the lifting pontoon 5 floats up and when the air bladder 7 is deflated, the lifting pontoon 5 sinks.

[0034] The air supply unit includes an air inlet pipe, an electric air inlet valve 2, a pressure gauge 3, and an air compressor 8. The air inlet 1 of the air compressor 8 is connected to the air inlet pipe. The electric air inlet valve 2 and the pressure gauge 3 are both installed on the air inlet pipe, and one end of the air inlet pipe has an air inlet 1 that connects to the atmospheric environment. The air compressor 8 is installed inside the lifting float 5. The air bladder 7 is also connected to a vacuum pump via a pipe. The air compressor 8 is used to draw air into the air bladder 7, and the vacuum pump is used to extract the air from the air bladder 7 into the atmospheric environment.

[0035] The top and bottom openings of the lifting float 5 are respectively provided with first debris-blocking grids 6; water can enter or exit from the bottom opening of the lifting float 5, and air can enter or exit from the top opening of the lifting float 5, thereby avoiding the influence of negative pressure on the floating and buoyancy of the lifting float 5.

[0036] When the airbag 7 is inflated and deflated, changing its volume, the adaptively suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device rises and falls; the airbag volume is... ,satisfy:

[0037] in, The total weight of the water flow sediment concentration measuring equipment. ρ is the buoyancy of the water flow sediment content measuring device, ρ is the density of water = 1000 kg / m³, and g is the gravitational acceleration = 9.8 m / s².

[0038] The sediment concentration measuring cylinder 12 is horizontally fixed at the lower part of the lifting float 5 and submerged in water. A measuring channel for water flow is provided inside the sediment concentration measuring cylinder 12. A grating detector 15, a lens 16, and a light source 17 are installed within the measuring channel, arranged sequentially along the water flow direction. A second debris barrier 14 is installed inside the water inlet 13 of the sediment concentration measuring cylinder 12 to prevent debris from entering the grating detector 15 and affecting its detection.

[0039] Light source 17 illuminates grating detector 15 through lens 16; a water pressure gauge 19 is installed on sediment concentration measuring cylinder 12; water pressure gauges 19 are respectively installed at the inlet 13 and outlet 18 of sediment concentration measuring cylinder 12; the water pressure gauges 19 are located on the center line of sediment concentration measuring cylinder 12; the depth of sediment concentration measuring cylinder 12 is... ,satisfy:

[0040] in, To measure water pressure, ρ is the standard atmospheric pressure at the measurement point; ρ is the density of water = 1000 kg / m³; g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m / s².

[0041] in, The measurement value is at the water inlet. This is the measurement value at the water outlet.

[0042] The controller is electrically connected to the water pressure gauge 19 and the air supply unit, and controls the air supply unit according to the measurement value of the water pressure gauge 19 to change the measurement depth.

[0043] When the air compressor 8 is running, the rising process is as follows: the air compressor 8 inflates the air bag 7, the volume of the air bag 7 increases, the drainage volume increases, the buoyancy increases, and the equipment rises; the falling process is as follows: the vacuum pump draws air from the air bag 7, the volume of the air bag 7 decreases, the drainage volume decreases, the buoyancy decreases, and the equipment falls. The pressure at which the air compressor inflates the air bag is: :

[0044] Where ρ is the density of water = 1000 kg / m³, and g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m / s²; The depth of the sand content measuring cylinder; The standard atmospheric pressure at the measurement point is denoted as . This represents the pipeline pressure loss, with a value ranging from 10 to 20 kPa.

[0045] In this embodiment, when the device is in use: the air compressor 8 and the vacuum pump work together to control the inflation and deflation of the air bladder 7, thereby changing the floating position of the sand content measuring cylinder 12. The specific floating position is determined according to a preset value, and the floating control is based on the preset value and the actual measured depth. The sand content is determined by the depth of the sand content measuring cylinder 12. When the sand content measuring cylinder 12 is at a certain depth, the sand content is calculated using the detection value of the grating detector 15.

[0046] In this embodiment, a grating detector 15 is used for measurement, which offers higher accuracy compared to conventional contact measurement methods and reduces equipment installation and maintenance costs. Compared to non-contact measurement methods, it goes beyond simply measuring the surface fluid velocity; it considers measurements and calculations at different depths and slopes, improving the flow measurement accuracy of run-of-river hydropower stations and reducing measurement errors. It also mitigates, to some extent, the impact of instantaneous flow unevenness and irregular river channel conditions on flow calculation.

[0047] Example 2 Based on the adaptive suspension water flow sediment concentration measurement device in Example 1, this example designs a water flow sediment concentration measurement method, the specific steps of which are as follows: S1: Select the known particle size distribution (PSD) of the particle group and calculate the theoretical light intensity that should be received on each ring of the grating detector. ; S2: By discretizing a continuous particle size range into a finite number of particle size intervals, the measured light intensity is obtained through a system of linear equations. ; S3: Solve using optimization algorithms such as the least squares method to minimize the sum of squared residuals between the calculated theoretical light intensity and the measured light intensity;

[0048] S4: The volume concentration for each particle size range was calculated. The total volumetric sand content is the sum of the volumetric concentrations of all particle size ranges; S5: Convert the calculated value in S4 into weight sand content.

[0049] In step S1: Theoretically, the total scattered light intensity at angle θ is the sum of the contributions from all particles of different sizes;

[0050] Where D is the particle size. Let D be the volume concentration of particles with a diameter of D. The astigmatic intensity is measured at the scattering angle θ. It is the intensity of scattered light produced by a single particle with a diameter of D at an angle θ; In step S2: Measured light intensity:

[0051] in: It is the scattering angle corresponding to the i-th detector ring; It is the representative particle size of the j-th particle size range; is the volume concentration of the j-th particle size range; the maximum value N of i is determined by the number of channels of the photodetector; the maximum value M of j is determined by the resolution of the algorithm result.

[0052] In step S4: Calculate the percentage of sediment particle volume relative to the water volume. : ; In step S5: Convert to weight sediment content :

[0053] in, The density of the silt particles is 2650 g / L.

[0054] The above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation; it is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom remain within the scope of this technology.

Claims

1. An adaptive-suspending, flow-salinity-measuring device, characterized by: The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device.

2. The self-adapting suspended flow sediment concentration measuring device of claim 1, wherein: The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device.

3. The self-adapting suspended flow sediment concentration measuring device of claim 2, wherein: The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device.

4. The self-adapting suspended flow sediment concentration measuring device of claim 1, wherein: The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device.

5. The self-adapting suspended flow sediment concentration measuring device of claim 1, wherein: The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. The airbag volume is , satisfies: wherein Gtotal is the total weight of the water flow sediment concentration measuring device, Gbuoyancy is the buoyancy of the water flow sediment concentration measuring device, p is the density of water = 1000 kg / m³, g is the acceleration of gravity = 9.8 m / s².

6. The self-adapting suspended flow sediment concentration measuring device of claim 2, wherein: Water pressure gauges are arranged at the water inlet and outlet of the sediment concentration measuring cylinder respectively; the water pressure gauges are located on the center line of the sediment concentration measuring cylinder; the depth at which the sediment concentration measuring cylinder is located satisfies: , wherein for measuring the water pressure, is the standard atmospheric pressure at the measurement point being measured; p is the density of water = 1000 kg / m³, g is the acceleration of gravity = 9.8 m / s²; wherein is the measured value at the water inlet, is the measured value at the water outlet.

7. The self-adapting suspended flow sediment concentration measuring device of claim 6, wherein: The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. In the above process, the pressure of the air compressor to the air bag is : Wherein, p is the density of water = 1000 kg / m³, g is the acceleration of gravity = 9.8 m / s²; is the depth of the sand content measuring cylinder; is the standard atmospheric pressure at the measured measuring point; and ΔP is the pipeline pressure loss, which is in the range of 10-20 kPa.

8. A method of measuring the sediment concentration of a water flow, characterized by: The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. S1: select the particle size distribution (PSD) of a known particle group, calculate the theoretical light intensity that should be received by each ring of the grating detector in theory ; S2: By discretizing the continuous particle size range into a finite number of particle size bins, the measured light intensity is obtained by a system of linear equations ; The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. S4: Volume concentration of each size fraction is obtained by calculation The total volume concentration is the sum of the volume concentrations of all size fractions. The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device.

9. The self-adapting suspended flow sediment concentration measuring device of claim 6, wherein: The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. where D is the particle size, is the volume concentration of particles of size D, is the scattered light intensity measured at scattering angle θ, is the scattered light intensity produced by a single particle of size D at angle θ. The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. The application relates to a self-adaptive suspended water flow sediment concentration measuring device. 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10. The self-adapting suspended flow sediment concentration measuring device of claim 6, wherein: In step S4: the percentage of the volume of the sediment particles with respect to the volume of the water body is calculated : In step S5: conversion to weight sediment concentration : wherein, is the density of the sediment particles = 2650 g / L.

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