Device and method for simulating rock particle weathering in dry and cold climate environment in cold and cold mountain area

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of rock weathering research, and particularly relates to a device and a method for simulating rock particle weathering in a dry and cold climate environment in a cold and cold mountain area. Solar radiation and temperature rise are simulated through the ultraviolet radiation lamp and the bath heater lamp, the condensation pipe devices are arranged on the periphery of the interior of the box body, rapid cooling is achieved, moisture of rock mass can be dried by arranging the air heater, and high-frequency freezing and thawing and dry-wet cycle conditions of the high-altitude mountainous area are reproduced by combining multi-sensor monitoring such as the air temperature and the slope surface temperature. The water power system sprays water from the upper portion in a directional mode, scouring of rainfall or ice and snow melting water flow with different intensities on rock particles is achieved, and hydraulic erosion of rock is simulated. Rock body particles are turned over through the vibration device below the rock body, so that different faces of the rock body can be weathered, and fine particles are easily generated through weathering. Through multi-factor coupling simulation, parameter adjustment and real-time monitoring technologies, the device provides an experimental platform for the research on the weathering mechanism of the rock mass in the high-altitude mountainous area under the actions of radiation, freeze thawing, dryness, wetness, weak water power scouring and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of rock weathering research, and particularly relates to a weathering device and method for simulating the weathering of rock particles under the action of temperature rise freezing, dry-wet and water flow scouring in a dry and cold climate environment in an alpine region. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in high-altitude mountainous areas (such as the Tibet region), the diurnal temperature difference is large, and the rock mass is subjected to frequent freeze-thaw cycles and thermal fatigue damage. In arid valley regions, the rock mass is also subjected to dry-wet cycle action. At the same time, the influence of melting ice and snow and low-intensity rainfall is superimposed, and water flow will scour the rock particles. For the research on the weathering mechanism of rock mass in the above complex environment, the traditional experimental device has many shortcomings. While some devices can provide high-precision particle shape information, they lack simulation of dynamic changes in the actual weathering process, limiting their application in simulating natural environments. Most of the existing natural environment weathering simulation devices can only simulate a single or a few environmental factors (such as some devices that only simulate freeze-thaw cycles or water flow scouring), and it is difficult to truly reproduce the synergistic effect of multiple factors such as solar radiation warming, rapid temperature drop freezing and water flow scouring. For example, some devices use electric heating plates or natural light sources to simulate temperature rise, and the temperature change rate is quite different from natural solar radiation, and they cannot simulate the dynamic changes of diurnal temperature difference. Moreover, the cooling process of such experiments often relies on natural cooling, which takes a long time and cannot accurately simulate the rapid temperature drop in high-altitude areas.

[0003] Moreover, according to the data obtained, most of the existing devices have a narrow application range, for example, some are mainly used to study the migration and aggregation characteristics of clay particles in granite binary structure slopes, and are not suitable for the study of other types of weathering mechanisms.

[0004] At the same time, according to the information known from the data, the water flow scouring system of the existing device is usually difficult to accurately control the rainfall, scouring angle and direction, and water soaking duration, resulting in difficulty in reproducing the experimental results. Moreover, some complex water flow scouring devices are relatively expensive, and only national laboratories or large research institutions can afford them.

[0005] At present, the existing experimental devices also lack automated monitoring means for the collection and quantification of weathering products (such as particle size distribution and mass change), and rely on manual operation, resulting in low experimental efficiency and large errors.

[0006] Moreover, the traditional device uses a fixed-pore-size support layer, which is difficult to adapt to rock particles of different particle sizes, resulting in poor representativeness of the experimental sample, and the particles are easily mixed during the collection process, making it difficult to effectively separate the products of different weathering stages. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a device and method for simulating rock mass particle weathering under the conditions of temperature rising freezing, dry-wet change and water flow scouring. The device simulates solar radiation heating by ultraviolet radiation lamps and bath lamp, and the hot air blower realizes the dry-wet change effect on the blown rock mass. At the same time, the condenser pipe device is arranged around the inside of the box to realize rapid cooling, combined with real-time monitoring of air temperature, slope surface temperature and other sensors to accurately reproduce the freeze-thaw cycle conditions. The water power system is directed from the upper part of the water, which can adjust the rainfall and duration, and simulate the scouring effect of water flow of different intensity. The device simulates multiple factors, adjusts parameters and realizes real-time monitoring, and provides an experimental platform for the research of rock mass weathering mechanism in high-altitude mountainous areas, wherein the rock mass includes but is not limited to granite, carbonate rock and the like, and has the advantages of high environmental simulation authenticity, accurate data quantization and wide applicability, and is suitable for research and application in the fields of geology and environmental engineering.

[0008] The technical scheme of the present application is: a device for simulating rock mass particle weathering in a dry and cold climate environment in an alpine region, comprising ultraviolet radiation lamps, a hot air blower, a scouring water pipe, a water storage tank, a condenser pipe, a spray head, a camera, a bath lamp, a sensor, a particle receiving device, a support layer, an electronic scale, a vibration device, a flow control valve and a condenser water pipe, wherein the ultraviolet radiation lamps and the bath lamp are located at the top, the hot air blower is located behind the rock mass, the spray head is located below the support layer, the scouring water pipe is located on one side of the particle receiving device, the vibration device is located below the electronic scale, and the sensor and the camera are located on the inside of the device. The characteristic is that: the flow control valve is located in the middle of the scouring water pipe, and the scouring water pipe is connected with the water storage tank; the upper part of the particle receiving device is provided with a support layer, the iron mesh grid range can be 1mm to 10mm, the upper space of the support layer is provided with the ultraviolet radiation lamps, the bath lamp and the spray head, the inner four walls of the upper device of the support layer are provided with the condenser pipe, and the condenser pipe is connected with the water storage tank through the condenser water pipe; a combination of multiple working conditions such as solar radiation heating, dry-wet change, temperature reduction freezing and water flow scouring is simulated, and when the device works, the rock mass sample is first placed on the support layer; during the simulation of the solar radiation heating process: the ultraviolet radiation lamps and the bath lamp are turned on to control the temperature rise and ensure that the radiation energy can reach the rock mass, and the ultraviolet radiation lamps and the bath lamp work alternately or synchronously; during the dry-wet change process: the hot air blower is turned on to dry the rock mass for simulating the dry-wet change of the rock mass; during the temperature reduction freezing process: low-temperature water is filled in the water storage tank, a pump connected with the condenser water pipe is started, and the environment temperature is rapidly reduced through the refrigeration medium circulation; during the water flow scouring process: water is filled in the water storage tank, a water pump connected with the scouring water pipe is started, and water is supplied to the directional spray head above the rock mass through the flow control valve.

[0009] According to the device for simulating rock mass particle weathering in a dry and cold climate environment in an alpine region as described above, the characteristic is that: the water storage tank is located at the bottom of the device, and the water storage tank is connected with the scouring water pipe and the condenser water pipe through the water pump.

[0010] The device for simulating rock mass particle weathering under dry and cold climate environment in alpine mountainous area according to the above has the feature that the support layer is an iron net.

[0011] The device for simulating rock mass particle weathering under dry and cold climate environment in alpine mountainous area according to the above has the feature that the sensor comprises a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor.

[0012] The device for simulating rock mass particle weathering under dry and cold climate environment in alpine mountainous area according to the above has the feature that an electronic scale is further arranged below the particle receiving device and used for recording the weight change of the particle receiving device.

[0013] The device for simulating rock mass particle weathering under dry and cold climate environment in alpine mountainous area according to the above has the feature that the data of the sensor, the electronic scale and the camera and the recorded pictures can be viewed in real time.

[0014] The device for simulating rock mass particle weathering under dry and cold climate environment in alpine mountainous area according to the above has the feature that the simulation of the solar radiation heating, the dry and wet change, the temperature reduction freezing and the water flow scouring and other working conditions is simultaneously or alternately carried out.

[0015] The present application further comprises a method for simulating rock mass particle weathering under dry and cold climate environment in alpine mountainous area, which comprises the following steps: Step a, the rock mass particle sample is heated to a preset temperature by the solar radiation heating device; the air humidity is reduced by blowing dry with a hot air blower, and the ultraviolet radiation lamp and the bath lamp are alternately or synchronously worked during the heating process; Step b, the air humidity change is monitored according to the humidity sensor, when the air humidity is increased, the water mist is simulated to the water spraying system by the water power system device, and the water quantity, the duration time can be controlled according to the actual situation.

[0016] Step c, the temperature reduction freezing system is started to reduce the temperature to a freezing temperature to form a freeze-thaw cycle; the reduction rate is adjusted according to the preset parameters during the temperature reduction process, and the condenser pipes are arranged around the inside of the box to simulate different climate conditions under the natural environment; Step d, the water flow scouring is simulated by the directional water spraying of the water power system device, and the water spraying direction, the intensity, the area and the duration time; Step e, the rock mass particle is turned over by the vibration device, so that different surfaces can receive the solar radiation illumination and the water flow scouring effect; Step f, the temperature and humidity parameters are recorded by the monitoring device; the recording device shows the mass change of the weathering product and the change of the rock mass particle under various conditions in real time.

[0017] The present application has the following beneficial effects: The rock particle weathering device under the working conditions of simulated solar radiation warming-temperature reduction freezing, dry-wet and water flow scouring of the present application can control the weathering of the rock body under various conditions, and in the temperature rising simulation, the device uses ultraviolet radiation lamps and bath lamp auxiliary functions, which can not only control the temperature rise in the device, but also simulate the solar radiation. At the same time, a hot air blower is provided to change the dry and wet of the rock body. The water power system has a lower cost, and through the spray head and the flow control valve, different intensities of rainfall can be generated to control the rain area and time of the rock body. And the vibration device below the electronic scale can make the rock body vibrate and turn over, so that different surfaces of the particles are weathered. At the same time, the device simultaneously contains a temperature rising simulation device, a dry-wet change simulation device, a temperature reduction freezing device and a water power device, which can simulate the influence of various environmental factors such as solar radiation warming, temperature reduction and rainfall on the weathering of the rock body, and truly reproduce the weathering process in the complex environment of high-altitude mountainous areas.

[0018] The temperature rising simulation system, the dry-wet change simulation system, the temperature reduction freezing system and the water power system used in the present application are all controllable devices, and the parameters can be controlled according to the specific experimental device during the experiment, so that the present application can be used not only in Tibet and other high-altitude areas, but also in other various environments, such as plain areas, low-altitude mountainous areas and the like. At the same time, the simulation device closer to the natural environment can make the experimental process more rigorous and the experimental results more accurate and reliable.

[0019] The present application is equipped with a multi-sensor real-time detection system, which can accurately record the air temperature, humidity and other environmental parameters in the experimental process, and simultaneously record the morphological change of the rock particle and the mass change of the weathering product through the high-definition camera and the weighing system in real time, so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the experimental data.

[0020] The present application is not only suitable for the research on the weathering mechanism of the rock body in Tibet and other high-altitude mountainous areas, but also can be widely applied to the research and application in the fields of geology and environmental engineering, and has high practical value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and are incorporated herein for purposes of illustration. The embodiments of the present application, and the explanations provided over the drawings serve to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application.

[0022] Fig. 1 A perspective view of a rock particle weathering device under the working conditions of simulated solar radiation warming-temperature reduction freezing, dry-wet and water flow scouring is provided for the embodiment of the present application; Fig. 2 A front view of a rock particle weathering device under the working conditions of simulated solar radiation warming-temperature reduction freezing, dry-wet and water flow scouring is provided for the embodiment of the present application; Fig. 3A side view of a rock particle weathering device under simulated solar radiation heating-temperature freezing, drying and wetting and water erosion conditions provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Ultraviolet radiation lamp; 2. Flushing water pipe; 3. Water storage tank; 4. Condensate pipe; 5. Spray head; 6. Camera; 7. Bath heater lamp; 8. Sensor; 9. Particle receiving device; 10. Support layer; 11. Flow control valve; 12. Condensate pipe; 13. Electronic scale; 14. Vibration device; 15. Hot air blower. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0024] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0025] like Figs. 1-3 As shown in the figure, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a device for simulating rock particle weathering in a dry and cold climate environment in high-altitude mountainous areas. The device includes an ultraviolet radiation lamp 1, a flushing water pipe 2, a water storage tank 3, a condenser pipe 4, a spray head 5, a camera 6, a bathroom heater lamp 7, a particle receiving device 9, a support layer 10, a flow control valve 11, a condensate pipe 12, an electronic scale 13, a vibration device 14, and a hot air blower 15. The ultraviolet radiation lamp 1 and the bathroom heater lamp 7 are located at the top. The hot air blower 15 is located behind the rock mass, on one side of the inner wall of the device. The spray head 5 is located between the ultraviolet radiation lamp 1 and the support layer 10, i.e., above the support layer 10. The flushing water pipe 2 is located on one side of the particle receiving device 9, as shown on the left side in the figure; the flow control valve 11 is located in the middle of the flushing water pipe 2, which is connected to the water storage tank 3. The water storage tank 3 is located at the bottom of the device and can be connected to the flushing water pipe 2 and the condensate pipe 12 via a water pump.

[0026] like Figs. 1-3 As shown, the particle receiving device 9 of the present invention has a support layer 10 on its upper part. The support layer 10 can be made of iron mesh, and the mesh size can range from 1mm to 10mm. Iron mesh of different particle sizes can be replaced or added according to actual experimental needs. The space above the support layer 10 houses an ultraviolet radiation lamp 1, a bathroom heater lamp 7, and a spray head 5. Condensation pipes 4 are installed on the four walls of the upper part of the device. The condensation pipes 4 are connected to the water storage tank 3 through condensate pipes 12. The position of the condensation pipes 4 is determined according to the location of the rock mass. For example, if the maximum height of the rock mass is 20cm, the condensation pipes 4 can be placed within 25cm of the upper part of the support layer 10, so that the rock mass located above the support layer 10 can be cooled quickly through the condensation pipes 4. The hot air blower 15 is located on the inner wall of one side of the box, behind the rock mass.

[0027] likeFigs. 1-3 As shown, the present application also includes a sensor 8 and a camera 6, the sensor 8 is located on the inner side wall of the device, which can be a temperature sensor, humidity sensor, etc., and more sensors can be set according to actual test requirements. The camera 6 is a small high-definition camera, which is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the device. As shown in the figure, Figs. 1-3 The present application also includes an electronic scale 13, which is located below the particle receiving device 9, used to record the weight change of the particle receiving device 9, and is connected with a vibrating device 14 below. The electronic scale 13 is preferably a high-precision electronic scale, such as an accuracy of 1mg. The data and recorded pictures of the sensor 8, electronic scale 13 and camera 6 of the present application can be transmitted to the computer of the experiment supervisor through the network, which can be viewed in real time.

[0028] As shown, Figs. 1-3 When the device of the present application is working, first put the rock sample on the support layer 10 in the device, if solar radiation heating experiment is needed, first turn on the sensor 8, electronic scale 13 and camera 6, then turn on the ultraviolet radiation lamp 1 and the bath lamp 7 switch, control the temperature rise and ensure that the radiation energy can reach the rock, according to the experimental requirements, the ultraviolet radiation lamp 1 and the bath lamp 7 can work alternately or synchronously to simulate different sunlight intensity and environmental temperature scenes. At the same time, the data can be viewed in real time through the computer.

[0029] When dry-wet simulation change experiment is needed, the hot air blower 15 can be turned on to blow dry the moisture of the rock to simulate the influence of air humidity on the rock particles in the natural environment.

[0030] When cooling and freezing experiment is needed, first turn on the sensor 8, electronic scale 13 and camera 6, fill the water storage tank 3 with low-temperature water such as ice water of about 1°, start the pump connected with the condensate water pipe 12, and quickly reduce the environmental temperature through the refrigeration medium circulation to simulate the freezing process. The condensate water pipe 12 surrounds the four sides of the device, and the cooling rate can be adjusted according to the preset parameters to simulate different climate conditions. At the same time, the data can be viewed in real time through the computer.

[0031] When water flow scouring simulation is needed, first turn on the sensor 8, electronic scale 13 and high-definition camera 6, fill the water storage tank 3 with water, start the water pump connected with the scouring water pipe 2, and supply water to the directional spray head 5 above the rock through the flow control valve 11 to simulate the water flow scouring effect, adjust the water spraying intensity, water spraying area and duration to simulate different conditions of natural water flow scouring. At the same time, the data can be viewed in real time through the computer.

[0032] The above four kinds of experiments can be carried out synchronously or alternately according to experimental requirements, and the three devices can work together to simulate the weathering of rock in different natural environments, and the device parameters can be adjusted according to experimental requirements.

[0033] The ultraviolet radiation lamp 1 and the bathroom lamp 7 constitute a solar radiation warming device, the air heater 15 constitutes a dry-wet simulation system device, the spray head 5 constitutes a water power system device, the condenser pipe 4, the condensate pipe 12 and the flushing pipe 2 constitute a cooling and freezing system, and the sensor 8, the electronic scale 13 and the camera 6 constitute a monitoring device.

[0034] The application further discloses a method for simulating rock mass particle weathering in a high-cold mountainous dry and cold climate environment. In the step a, the rock mass particle sample is warmed to a preset temperature by the solar radiation warming device, and the air heater 15 is used to blow dry and reduce the environmental humidity.

[0035] In the step b, the air humidity change is monitored by the sensor 8, and when the air humidity is increased, the water mist is simulated to the water spraying system by the water power system device, and the water quantity, the duration time and the like can be controlled according to the actual situation.

[0036] In the step c, the cooling and freezing system is started to cool to a freezing temperature, and the freeze-thaw cycle is formed, and the cooling rate can be adjusted according to the preset parameters in the cooling process.

[0037] In the step d, the water power system device is used to direct the water spraying to simulate the water flow flushing, and the water spraying direction, the water spraying intensity, the water spraying area and the water spraying duration time are all adjustable. In the step e, the vibration device is used to turn over the rock mass particle, so that different surfaces of the rock mass particle can be subjected to weathering. In the step f, the monitoring device is used to record the temperature, the humidity and the like in real time, and the recording device is used to display the mass change of the weathering product and the change of the rock mass weathering particle under various conditions in real time.

[0038] The device of the present application can automatically control the process of rock mass particles subjected to solar radiation heating, dry-wet change, environmental temperature freezing and water power scouring, adjust the temperature, change the humidity, adjust the intensity, time and scouring area of water flow scouring according to the experimental requirements, accurately simulate the weathering process of rock mass in complex environment of high altitude area, and is more true and accurate than the existing experimental device which can only simulate one kind of environmental change. All systems in the device are daily common goods, and the cost is low. The support layer below is replaceable different particle size iron mesh, which can be replaced or added according to the experimental requirements, and the particles of rock weathering products of different particle sizes are screened out. The lower part of the receiving device is directly connected with a high-precision electronic scale, which is convenient for directly weighing the mass of particles to obtain data. The lower part of the electronic scale is connected with a vibration device, so that the different surfaces of rock particles can be subjected to weathering.

[0039] Through the above-mentioned embodiments, the device of the present application can accurately simulate the weathering process of rock mass in complex environment of high altitude mountainous area, provide reliable data support, and is suitable for research and application in the fields of geology, environmental engineering and the like.

[0040] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the weathering of rock particles in a high-cold mountainous dry and cold climate environment, comprising an ultraviolet radiation lamp, a hot air blower, a flushing water pipe, a water storage tank, a condensing pipe, a spray head, a camera, a bath heater lamp, a sensor, a particle receiving device, a support layer, a flow control valve, a condensate pipe, an electronic scale, a vibrating device, wherein the ultraviolet radiation lamp and the bath heater lamp are located at the top, the hot air blower is located behind the rock body, the spray head is located below the support layer, the flushing water pipe is located on one side of the particle receiving device, the sensor and the camera are located on the inner side wall of the device, the electronic scale is located below the particle receiving device, and the vibrating device is located below the electronic scale, characterized in that: The flow regulating valve is located in the middle of the flushing water pipe, and the flushing water pipe is connected with the water storage tank; the upper part of the particle receiving device is provided with a support layer, the iron mesh grid range can be 1mm to 10mm, the space above the support layer is provided with ultraviolet radiation lamps, bath lamps and spray heads, the inner four walls of the device above the support layer are provided with condenser pipes, and the condenser pipes are connected with the water storage tank through condenser water pipes; The device simulates multiple working conditions of solar radiation warming, temperature reduction freezing, humidity change and water flow flushing. When the device works, first, the rock sample is placed on the support layer. When simulating the process of solar radiation warming and air humidity reduction, the ultraviolet radiation lamps and bath lamps are turned on, the temperature is controlled to rise, and the radiation energy is ensured to reach the rock. The ultraviolet radiation lamps and bath lamps work alternately or synchronously, and the hot air blower is turned on to dry the moisture of the rock and reduce the air humidity. When the temperature reduction freezing process is simulated, low-temperature water is filled in the water storage tank, and the pump connected with the condenser water pipe is started to quickly reduce the environmental temperature through the refrigeration medium circulation. When the air humidity increase and water flow flushing process is simulated, the water storage tank is filled with water, and the water pump connected with the flushing water pipe is started to supply water to the directional spray head above the rock through the flow regulating valve. The water spraying amount is controlled in real time according to the humidity sensor to meet the requirement of the given air humidity.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that: The water storage tank is located at the bottom of the device, and the water storage tank is connected with the flushing water pipe and the condenser water pipe through the water pump.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that: The support layer is an iron mesh.

4. The rock mass particle weathering device simulating the dry and cold climate environment of alpine mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensors include temperature sensors and humidity sensors.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that: An electronic scale is further included and located below the particle receiving device to record the weight change of the particle receiving device.

6. The device for simulating the weathering of rock mass particles in a dry and cold alpine mountain climate environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data of the sensors, the electronic scale and the camera and the recorded pictures can be viewed in real time.

7. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the device is characterized in that: Multiple working conditions of solar radiation warming, rock dry-wet change, temperature reduction freezing and water flow flushing are synchronously or alternately carried out.

8. A method for simulating rock particle weathering in a high-cold mountainous area under dry and cold climate environment, comprising the following steps: Step a, heating the rock particle sample to a preset temperature by the solar radiation warming device, and drying the moisture of the rock by the hot air blower to reduce the air humidity to a predetermined value; the ultraviolet radiation lamps and bath lamps work alternately or synchronously during the heating process; Step b, monitoring the air humidity change according to the humidity sensor, and using the water power system device to simulate water mist to the water spraying system when the air humidity is increased; Step c, starting the temperature reduction freezing system to reduce the temperature to a freezing temperature to form a freeze-thaw cycle; the temperature reduction rate is adjusted according to the preset parameters during the temperature reduction process, and the condenser pipes are arranged around the inside of the tank to simulate different climate conditions in the natural environment; Step d, using the water power system device to direct water spraying to simulate water flow flushing, the water spraying direction, intensity, area and duration; Step e, using the vibration device to make the rock above the support layer vibrate and turn over; Step f, recording the temperature and humidity parameters by the monitoring device; the camera, the particle receiving device and the support layer are used to show the change of the rock particles and weathering products under various conditions in real time.

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