Dual-band antenna based on metal patch and butterfly dielectric

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly dielectric, which comprises a feed port, a dielectric substrate, a metal ground plane, a microstrip feeder line, an I-shaped slot, a rectangular metal patch, a triangular metal patch, a rectangular dielectric block and a cross dielectric radiator, according to the dual-band antenna, four groups of triangular metal patches and a cross-shaped medium radiator form a main radiation structure; the rectangular dielectric block is used as an electromagnetic energy conductor and transmits the energy coupled by the I-shaped slot to the radiation structure; the rectangular metal patch restrains electromagnetic energy and improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The novel design point is that the metal patch radiation and the medium radiation are combined to generate dual-band radiation, the design can be used in an antenna design system needing dual bands, the advantages of the metal patch radiation and the medium radiation are combined, and the antenna is suitable for more use scenes and requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, specifically to a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of modern wireless communication systems, multi-band, high-performance, and miniaturized antennas have become a research hotspot. In 5G, Internet of Things (IoT), satellite communication, and radar systems, antennas need to operate in multiple frequency bands to meet the requirements of different application scenarios. Traditional single-band antennas are difficult to adapt to the requirements of multi-band communication, while using multiple independent antennas increases system complexity and size. Therefore, designing a compact and high-performance dual-band antenna has significant practical implications.

[0003] This invention provides a millimeter-wave dual-band antenna combining a metal patch and a cross-shaped dielectric resonator. Dual-band antennas typically rely on multi-resonant structures or hybrid radiation modes. Among these, dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) have attracted considerable attention due to their low loss, high radiation efficiency, and wide bandwidth. Meanwhile, the metal patch structure offers design flexibility and ease of excitation, enabling effective control of the antenna's resonant frequency and radiation characteristics. Combining the dielectric resonator with the metal patch fully leverages the advantages of both, achieving high-performance dual-band radiation.

[0004] Based on this, a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped medium is now provided, which can eliminate the drawbacks of existing devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped medium is provided, which solves the problems mentioned above.

[0006] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped dielectric, comprising a feed port, a dielectric substrate, a metal ground plane, a microstrip feed line, an "I"-shaped slot, a rectangular metal patch, a triangular metal patch, a rectangular dielectric block, and a cross-shaped dielectric radiator; The dual-band antenna mainly consists of four sets of triangular metal patches and a cross-shaped dielectric radiator, forming the main radiating structure. The rectangular dielectric block acts as an electromagnetic energy conductor, transmitting the energy coupled by the "I"-shaped slot to the radiating structure. The rectangular metal patches constrain the electromagnetic energy, improving the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0007] Preferably, the power supply port is located on the side of the dielectric substrate and is connected to the microstrip feed line and the metal ground plane.

[0008] Preferably, the metal ground plane is a rectangular ground plane with an "I"-shaped gap.

[0009] Preferably, the dielectric substrate is Rogers RT5880 with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009.

[0010] Preferably, the rectangular dielectric block and the cross-shaped dielectric radiator are made of Rogers RO3010, with a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0035.

[0011] Preferably, the rectangular medium block has eight rectangular metal patches attached around its perimeter.

[0012] Preferably, the cross-shaped dielectric radiator is located on top of the rectangular dielectric block and is arranged compactly.

[0013] Preferably, the four groups of 16 triangular metal patches are evenly distributed around the rectangular dielectric block.

[0014] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: 1. This invention proposes to support multimode resonance by utilizing the unique symmetry of the cross-shaped dielectric resonator, and generate additional resonance points in a specific frequency band by combining the special current distribution of the metal patch with the cross-shaped dielectric resonator, thus forming dual-band radiation.

[0015] 2. This invention enables the antenna to operate in two independent frequency bands through the synergistic effect of a cross-shaped dielectric resonator and a triangular metal patch.

[0016] 3. The antenna of this invention is small in size, easy to integrate and manufacture, and suitable for large-scale production and integrated applications. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped medium.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped medium.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a side view schematic diagram of a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped medium.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped dielectric radiator of a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped dielectric.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the metal patch on a rectangular dielectric block of a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped dielectric.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bandwidth reflection coefficient of a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped medium.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the gain of a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped medium.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a radiation pattern of a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped medium at 22.6 GHz when Phi=0° and Phi=90°.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a radiation pattern of a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped medium at 29.7 GHz when Phi=0° and Phi=90°.

[0026] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Feed port; 2. Dielectric substrate; 3. Metal ground plane; 4. Microstrip feed line; 5. "I" shaped slot; 6. Rectangular metal patch; 7. Triangular metal patch; 8. Rectangular dielectric block; 9. Cross-shaped dielectric radiator. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] This embodiment provides a dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped dielectric, aiming to solve the problems of narrow bandwidth, low radiation efficiency, and poor integration of traditional millimeter-wave antennas. It is suitable for scenarios such as 5G millimeter-wave communication and short-range radar detection. Figures 1-9 As shown, it includes a power supply port 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a metal ground plane 3, a microstrip feed line 4, an "I"-shaped slot 5, a rectangular metal patch 6, a triangular metal patch 7, a rectangular dielectric block 8, and a cross-shaped dielectric radiator 9. The dual-band antenna mainly consists of four sets of triangular metal patches 7 and a cross-shaped dielectric radiator 9, forming the main radiation structure. The triangular metal patches 7 achieve frequency band fine-tuning through current path control, while the cross-shaped dielectric radiator 9 utilizes multi-order resonant modes to achieve dual-band radiation. The rectangular dielectric block 8 acts as an electromagnetic energy conductor, using its high dielectric constant to gather the energy coupled by the "I"-shaped slot 5, preventing energy diffusion and vertically transmitting it to the radiation structure. The rectangular metal patches 6, through grounding cooperation with the metal ground plane 3, form an electromagnetic constraint boundary, reducing energy leakage and thus improving the antenna radiation efficiency. The measured radiation efficiency can reach over 85%.

[0029] Reference Figures 1-9The power supply port 1 is located on the side of the dielectric substrate 2 and is connected to the microstrip feed line 4 and the metal ground plane 3. The power supply port 1 adopts a standard 50Ω impedance design to adapt to conventional signal sources. External signal input is achieved through an SMA connector or a microstrip probe. At the same time, it forms a loop with the metal ground plane 3 to ensure the stability of signal transmission and avoid port reflection loss. Reference Figures 1-9 The metal ground plane 3 is a rectangular ground plane with an "I"-shaped gap 5. The metal ground plane 3 is made of 35μm thick copper foil, covering the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2, and serves as electromagnetic shielding and reference ground. The "I"-shaped gap 5 is composed of a central rectangle with a length of 5-8mm and a width of 1-2mm, and two symmetrical right-angled triangles with right-angled sides that are the same width as the rectangle. Its shape has been optimized by electromagnetic simulation to accurately match the transmission characteristics of the microstrip feed line 4 and achieve efficient energy coupling. Reference Figures 1-9 The dielectric substrate 2 uses Rogers RT5880 with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009. This material has extremely low dielectric loss in the millimeter-wave band, which can reduce energy attenuation during the transmission of the microstrip feed line 4. At the same time, the square substrate with a side length of 12-15mm is designed according to actual installation requirements to provide stable support for each component, isolate the metal ground plane 3 from the above radiating structure, and avoid electromagnetic interference. Reference Figures 1-9 The rectangular dielectric block 8 and the cross-shaped dielectric radiator 9 are made of Rogers RO3010, with a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0035. The high dielectric constant of this material enhances the electromagnetic energy focusing capability. The rectangular dielectric block 8, with a height of 3-5 mm, is adapted to the rectangular body of the "I"-shaped slot, serving as an energy transmission bridge to vertically guide the energy coupled through the slot to the radiation structure. The cross-shaped dielectric radiator 9, with an arm length of 5-7 mm and an arm width of 1.5-2 mm, utilizes its high dielectric constant to excite multi-order resonances, providing a basis for dual-band radiation. Furthermore, its material consistency with the rectangular dielectric block 8 reduces interface loss during energy transmission. Reference Figures 1-9 The rectangular dielectric block 8 has eight rectangular metal patches 6 attached around its perimeter. These eight patches are divided into four groups of two on each side, symmetrically arranged vertically. They are made of 35μm thick copper foil and adhered to the sides of the dielectric block. The bottom of each patch is soldered to the metal ground plane 3 for electrical connection. The patch height is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the dielectric block height, and the width is 3-4mm. This "grounding-dielectric block-pattern" constraint structure restricts the lateral diffusion of electromagnetic energy, further improving energy utilization. Reference Figures 1-9The cross-shaped dielectric radiators 9 are located on top of the rectangular dielectric block 8 and are arranged compactly. The center of the cross-shaped dielectric radiator 9 is aligned with the center of the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric block 8, and the gap between the cross-shaped dielectric radiator 9 and the upper surface of the dielectric block is less than 0.1 mm, ensuring efficient energy coupling. Its cross structure can form different current paths along the arm length and arm width directions, corresponding to two resonant frequency bands such as 28 GHz / 39 GHz, and the arm length and arm width can be flexibly adjusted according to the target frequency band. Reference Figures 1-9 Four groups of 16 triangular metal patches 7 are evenly distributed around the rectangular dielectric block 8. The 16 triangular metal patches 7 are divided into 4 groups of 4 on each side, made of copper foil, with the length of the right-angled side matching the side length of the rectangular dielectric block 8. One right-angled side is welded to the rectangular metal patch 6 for conduction, receiving the energy transmitted from the dielectric block; the other right-angled side is close to the cross-shaped dielectric radiator 9, transferring energy to the radiator through near-field coupling. At the same time, the triangular structure can change the current distribution, and the resonant frequency can be finely adjusted by adjusting the acute angle from 30° to 45° to ensure the stability of the dual-band.

[0030] according to Figure 6 As shown, the dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a cross-shaped dielectric of the present invention has a reflection coefficient of less than -10dB in the operating frequency bands of 21.99GHz~23.09GHz and 28.94GHz~30.58GHz; according to Figure 7 As shown, in the frequency bands with reflection coefficients below -10dB in the ranges of 21.99GHz~23.09GHz and 28.94GHz~30.58GHz, the antenna gain is significantly greater than 0, indicating that the antenna design has good radiation performance; according to Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the gain pattern of the antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 22.6 GHz with Phi=0° and Phi=90° is given. The gain direction is obvious, indicating strong radiation capability. According to Figure 9 As shown, the gain radiation pattern of the antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 29.7 GHz with Phi=0° and Phi=90° is given. The gain direction is obvious and the radiation capability is strong.

[0031] Working principle: The electromagnetic energy flow process of this dual-band antenna is divided into five stages: "input-transmission-coupling-constraint-radiation", as detailed below: S1, Energy Input Stage: External millimeter-wave signals such as 5G communication or radar signals are input through feed port 1. Since the port impedance and microstrip feed line 4 are both 50Ω, the signal enters the feed line without reflection, thus avoiding port loss. S2, Energy Transmission Stage: The width of the microstrip feed line 4 is determined based on the dielectric constant calculation to ensure that the 50Ω characteristic impedance transmits the signal along the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2. The low-loss RT5880 substrate controls the signal attenuation to within 5% until it is transmitted to the "I" shaped gap 5. S3, Energy Coupling Stage: The shielding effect of the metal ground plane 3 prevents the signal from continuing to transmit laterally. Instead, through the electromagnetic coupling effect of the "I"-shaped gap 5, the laterally transmitted electromagnetic wave is converted into a vertically upward electromagnetic wave. The rectangular dielectric block 8, with its high dielectric constant, concentrates the coupled energy inside and transmits it vertically upward. S4, Energy Constraint and Distribution Stage: The constraint structure formed by the rectangular metal patches 6 around the rectangular dielectric block 8 and the metal ground plane 3 restricts the lateral leakage of energy; at the same time, the 16 triangular metal patches 7 on the upper surface of the dielectric block receive energy and distribute it evenly to four groups, and transfer the energy to the cross-shaped dielectric radiator 9 through near-field coupling, and the triangular structure fine-tunes the current path to optimize the resonance characteristics. S5. Dual-band radiation stage: Under energy excitation, the cross-shaped dielectric radiator 9 forms a long current path along the arm length direction corresponding to the low frequency band, such as 28GHz, and a short current path along the arm width direction corresponding to the high frequency band, such as 39GHz. The two paths excite different resonant modes respectively, and finally radiate dual-band millimeter wave signals into space. The symmetry of the cross structure ensures that the radiation pattern is quasi-omnidirectional, with a horizontal half-power beamwidth >120°, which meets the requirements of practical applications. The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped dielectric, characterized in that, Includes a power supply port (1), a dielectric substrate (2), a metal ground plane (3), a microstrip feed line (4), an "I"-shaped slot (5), a rectangular metal patch (6), a triangular metal patch (7), a rectangular dielectric block (8), and a cross-shaped dielectric radiator (9). The dual-band antenna mainly consists of four sets of triangular metal patches (7) and a cross-shaped dielectric radiator (9) forming the main radiation structure; the rectangular dielectric block (8) acts as an electromagnetic energy conductor, transmitting the energy coupled by the "I"-shaped gap (5) to the radiation structure; the rectangular metal patch (6) constrains the electromagnetic energy, improving the antenna radiation efficiency.

2. The dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped dielectric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply port (1) is located on the side of the dielectric substrate (2) and is connected to the microstrip feed line (4) and the metal ground plane (3).

3. A dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped dielectric according to claim 2, characterized in that, The metal ground plane (3) is a rectangular ground plane with an "I" shaped gap (5).

4. A dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped dielectric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate (2) is Rogers RT5880 with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009.

5. A dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped dielectric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectangular dielectric block (8) and the cross-shaped dielectric radiator (9) are made of Rogers RO3010 with a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0035.

6. A dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped dielectric according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rectangular medium block (8) has eight rectangular metal patches (6) attached around its perimeter.

7. A dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped dielectric according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cross-shaped dielectric radiators are located on the rectangular dielectric block (8) and are arranged in a compact manner.

8. A dual-band antenna based on a metal patch and a butterfly-shaped dielectric according to claim 6, characterized in that, Four groups of 16 triangular metal patches (7) are evenly distributed around the rectangular medium block (8).

Images