Frankliniella occidentalis attractant capsule lure and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection, and particularly relates to a Frankliniella occidentalis attractant capsule lure and a preparation method thereof.The method comprises the steps that S1, methylation modified nano-porous silicon is soaked in a Frankliniella occidentalis attractant composition with n-hexane as a solvent, ultrasonic oscillation is conducted for 30-50 min, and then the Frankliniella occidentalis attractant is obtained; loading the Frankliniella occidentalis luring composition on the methylation modified nano-porous silicon; s2, filtering, washing and drying the solution subjected to ultrasonic treatment to obtain nano-porous silicon loaded Frankliniella occidentalis attractant powder; s3, mixing the powder with porous Al2O3 powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, and filling a hollow capsule with the mixture to obtain the capsule lure. By utilizing the scheme, the invention provides the Frankliniella occidentalis attractant capsule lure containing the Frankliniella occidentalis attractant composition with long slow release time and strong carrier stress resistance and the preparation method of the Frankliniella occidentalis attractant capsule lure, the release of the Frankliniella occidentalis attractant can be effectively controlled, and the effective duration and the trapping quantity of the attractant can be further prolonged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of plant protection, and particularly relates to a western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) attractant capsule lure and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande), also known as western flower thrips and alfalfa thrips, belongs to Thysanoptera, Thripidae and Frankliniella. The host plant species of the pest are extremely diverse, covering more than 500 species in 66 families, among which common vegetable crops such as pepper, eggplant, cucumber, bean, lettuce and tomato are mainly harmed. Western flower thrips mainly causes harm to the tender leaves, flowers and fruits of plants. It sucks the nutrients in the plant tissues and organs through a file-like mouthpart to meet the needs of its growth and development, and also causes significant damage to crops through feeding, oviposition and virus transmission.

[0003] At present, chemical control is still the main method for controlling western flower thrips in agricultural production. However, due to the biological characteristics of western flower thrips such as small size, easy hiding and oviposition in plant tissues, it is extremely difficult to control. In addition, the frequent use of chemical pesticides not only makes the resistance of western flower thrips increase, but also pollutes the environment. Therefore, exploring pollution-free and sustainable green control technology has become an important problem to be solved.

[0004] Biological pesticides have become a hot research and application direction of new pesticides due to their harmless to human health and friendly to the environment. At present, a few biological pesticides such as matrine, emamectin benzoate and spinosyn have been applied to the control of western flower thrips. Although these preparations have played a certain control role in production, they have obvious limitations - either short duration of efficacy, or ineffective on the eggs of western flower thrips, or unable to effectively kill western flower thrips hiding in crops, which eventually leads to the easy outbreak of western flower thrips.

[0005] In the prior art, using chemicals to attract and capture thrips is an effective prevention and control method. This method can attract and capture a large number of thrips adults by laying an attractant containing specific volatile compounds in the field. Compared with directly using chemical pesticides, this method has the advantages of small environmental impact, long-lasting prevention and control effect, and difficulty in causing thrips resistance. At present, some commercial thrips attractant products have appeared on the market, and the formula mainly contains thrips sex pheromone, plant volatile compounds and other components. However, for the carrier of the attractant, although there are some types of attractant carriers in the prior art, the general attraction time is short, the volatilization speed is fast, and the attractant cannot be effectively released, resulting in insufficient duration of the attractant.

[0006] Therefore, developing a new type of thrips attractant carrier with high attraction efficiency and long duration is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the field of plant protection. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a western flower thrips attractant capsule lure and a preparation method thereof to solve the above problems.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following solutions: A preparation method of a western flower thrips attractant capsule lure, comprising: S1, soaking methyl-modified nanoporous silicon in a western flower thrips attractant composition with n-hexane as the solvent, and ultrasonically oscillating for 30-50 minutes to load the western flower thrips attractant composition on the methyl-modified nanoporous silicon; S2, filtering, washing and drying the solution after ultrasonic oscillation to obtain a nanoporous silicon-loaded western flower thrips attractant powder; S3, mixing the powder with porous Al2O3 powder at a mass ratio of 1:3, and filling the mixture into a hollow capsule to obtain the capsule lure.

[0009] Preferably, the western flower thrips attractant composition is prepared by mixing 1,3 dimethylbenzene solution, p-xylene solution, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde solution, cinnamaldehyde solution and methyl cinnamate solution at a volume ratio of 20:15:25:15:25; wherein the concentration of 1,3 dimethylbenzene is 10-600 mg / L, the concentration of p-xylene is 10-200 mg / L, the concentration of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde is 10-600 mg / L, the concentration of cinnamaldehyde is 10-500 mg / L, and the concentration of methyl cinnamate is 10-500 mg / L, and the solvents used for these compounds are all n-hexane.

[0010] Preferably, the 1,3 The concentration of dimethylbenzene is 500-600 mg / L, the concentration of dimethylbenzene is 150-200 mg / L, the concentration of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde is 500-600 mg / L, the concentration of cinnamyl aldehyde is 400-500 mg / L, and the concentration of methyl cinnamate is 400-500 mg / L.

[0011] Preferably, the methylated modified nanoporous silicon is made by the following method: S1, sodium silicate nonahydrate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide are dissolved in deionized water, the pH is adjusted to 10 to obtain a transparent gel; S2, the transparent gel is transferred to a hydrothermal reaction kettle for constant temperature reaction, after the reaction is completed, cooling, suction filtration, washing the product with deionized water until neutral, and then air drying to obtain a dried product; S3, the dried product is immersed in a solution of trimethylsilyl chloride in anhydrous ethanol to modify the outer surface of the nanoporous silicon, and after stirring reaction, filtration, washing the product with anhydrous ethanol and drying to obtain a sample; S4, calcining the sample to remove the template cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to obtain methylated modified nanoporous silicon.

[0012] Preferably, in the preparation of the methylated modified nanoporous silicon, the molar ratio of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to Si atoms in step S1 is 0.2:1.

[0013] Preferably, in the preparation of the methylated modified nanoporous silicon, the pH in step S1 is adjusted to 10 by concentrated sulfuric acid.

[0014] Preferably, in the preparation of the methylated modified nanoporous silicon, the reaction temperature of the constant temperature reaction in step S2 is 130-140 DEG C, and the reaction time is 72-75 hours.

[0015] Preferably, in the preparation of the methylated modified nanoporous silicon, the stirring reaction temperature in step S3 is room temperature, and the stirring reaction time is 24-26 hours.

[0016] Preferably, in the preparation of the methylated modified nanoporous silicon, the calcination temperature in step S4 is 500-550 DEG C, and the calcination time is 4-5 h.

[0017] A western flower thrips attractant capsule lure made by the preparation method of the western flower thrips attractant capsule lure.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages and technical effects: This invention is based on a capsule core of methylated modified nanoporous silicon, which can achieve precise sustained release of the attractant and has a significantly longer duration of effect than traditional rubber and oil-based attractants. Even in high-temperature environments, it can still maintain a long duration of effect, solving the core problems of existing attractants being volatile at high temperatures and having a short duration of effect.

[0019] The carrier exhibits strong stress resistance, ensuring stable attractant activity. Methylated modified nanoporous silica can shield against ultraviolet radiation and resist rain erosion, maximizing the retention of the attractant's active ingredients. Compared to existing commercial attractants, this capsule-shaped lure core is superior in both trapping effect and duration of action. The capsule encapsulation enhances the temperature and humidity resistance of the capsule shell, physically isolating it from external interference and preventing the sudden release and waste of active ingredients, ensuring stable field control effects. Furthermore, the Al2O3 filler can partially adsorb attractant molecules, facilitating their relatively stable volatilization.

[0020] Using this scheme, the present invention provides a capsule core containing a western flower thrips attractant composition, which has a long sustained-release time and strong carrier resistance, and its preparation method. It can effectively control the volatilization of western flower thrips attractant and further extend the effective duration of the attractant. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0023] Example 1 This embodiment provides a western flower thrips attractant composition, the components of which include: 1,3 The volume ratio of dimethylbenzene solution: p-xylene: 4-ethylbenzaldehyde solution: cinnamaldehyde solution: methyl cinnamate solution is 20:15:25:15:25.

[0024] Among them, 1,3 The concentrations of dimethylbenzene, p-xylene, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and methyl cinnamate were all 600 mg / L, and the solvent used for all these compounds was n-hexane.

[0025] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 lies in the concentration of each component: 1,3 The concentrations of dimethylbenzene, p-xylene, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and methyl cinnamate were 500 mg / L, 150 mg / L, 500 mg / L, 400 mg / L, and 400 mg / L, respectively.

[0026] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 lies in the concentration of each component: 1,3 The concentrations of dimethylbenzene, p-xylene, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and methyl cinnamate were 300 mg / L, 100 mg / L, 300 mg / L, 200 mg / L, and 200 mg / L, respectively.

[0027] Example 4 The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 lies in the concentration of each component: 1,3 The concentrations of dimethylbenzene, p-xylene, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and methyl cinnamate were 100 mg / L, 50 mg / L, 50 mg / L, and 50 mg / L, respectively.

[0028] Example 5 The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 lies in the concentration of each component: 1,3 The concentrations of dimethylbenzene, p-xylene, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and methyl cinnamate were all 10 mg / L.

[0029] Example 6 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a rubber lure for western flower thrips attractants, comprising the following steps: (1) Use a pipette to add 200 μL of the western flower thrips attraction composition (Example 1) into the rubber-tipped lure, let it stand, and obtain the attractant lure after the n-hexane evaporates.

[0030] (2) The western flower thrips attractant lure core rubber stopper prepared by the above method is placed into an automatic sealing bag and stored in Keep in a refrigerator at 20℃.

[0031] Example 7 This embodiment provides a method for preparing an oil-based lure for western flower thrips, comprising the following steps: (1) Prepare a western flower thrips attractant with a formula of 1,3 The volume ratio of dimethylbenzene solution: p-xylene: 4-ethylbenzaldehyde solution: cinnamaldehyde solution: methyl cinnamate solution is 20:15:25:15:25.

[0032] Among them, 1,3 The concentrations of dimethylbenzene, p-xylene, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and methyl cinnamate were all 600 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 600 mg / L, 500 mg / L, and 500 mg / L, respectively. All of these compounds were dissolved in paraffin oil.

[0033] According to the above formula, a certain amount of attractant was prepared.

[0034] (2) Using a pipette, pipette 200 μL of western flower thrips attractant into a 2 ml capped glass tube, cap it, place it in an automatic sealing bag, and store it. Keep in a refrigerator at 20℃.

[0035] Example 8 This embodiment provides a novel capsule lure preparation for a western flower thrips attractant, specifically including: S1. Weigh 25g of sodium silicate nonahydrate using an electronic balance and stir to dissolve it in 30 mL of deionized water. At the same time, heat 6.4g of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMABr) and dissolve it in 20 mL of deionized water. The molar ratio of surfactant CTMABr to Si atoms is 0.2:1.

[0036] Mix the two ingredients and stir for 30 minutes, then add 5 mol·L⁻¹ dropwise. -1 The pH was adjusted to 10 with concentrated sulfuric acid, and stirring was continued for 80 minutes. The resulting transparent gel was then transferred to a hydrothermal reactor and kept at 130 °C for 72 hours. After cooling the reactor, the gel was filtered and washed repeatedly with deionized water until neutral. The resulting product was dried overnight in a 90 °C oven.

[0037] S2. The nanoporous silicon is methylated and modified as follows: the outer surface of the nanoporous silicon is modified with trimethylchlorosilane. 1.0 g of the nanoporous silicon sample is placed in 50 mL of 1% (v / v) trimethylchlorosilane in anhydrous ethanol, stirred at room temperature for 24 h, then filtered, washed with anhydrous ethanol, dried in air at 50 ℃, and then placed in a porcelain boat and calcined at 500 ℃ for 4 h to obtain methylated nanoporous silicon.

[0038] The purpose of modifying nanoporous silicon is to methylate the silanol groups on its outer surface. This allows for better binding of nonpolar pheromones while maintaining the pore structure of the nanoporous silicon, thereby increasing the loading capacity.

[0039] S3. Drying and activation treatment of nanoporous silicon. The specific activation method is as follows: Weigh a certain amount of nanoporous silicon and put it into a glass petri dish, then put it into a vacuum drying oven and dry it at a constant temperature of 150 ℃ for 24 hours under a vacuum degree lower than -0.1MPa to completely remove moisture and impurities.

[0040] S4. The activated nanoporous silicon, as determined by BET analysis, has a pore size between 2 and 8 nm and a specific surface area of ​​900 μm. 2 ·g -1 pore volume (~1cm) 3 ·g -1 The requirements for attractant loading on western flower thrips were met.

[0041] S5. Loading of western flower thrips attractant onto nanoporous silica. The loading process was as follows: 0.1 g of attractant was dissolved in 200 mL of n-hexane. After complete dissolution, the solution was transferred using a 20 mL pipette. Then, 1 g of activated nanoporous silica was accurately weighed and immersed in the attractant solution. The solution was ultrasonically vibrated at 30 °C for 40 minutes to allow the attractant to fully penetrate the pores of the nanoporous silica.

[0042] The powder of nanoporous silica-loaded attractant was subsequently obtained after filtration and washing. This powder was then placed in a vacuum drying oven at a vacuum level below -0.1 MPa and dried at a constant temperature below 30 °C for 12 hours. The attractant loading rate was 2%, far lower than the maximum loading rate of 15%, indicating that this preparation method can effectively control the attractant loading, thereby effectively controlling the release rate of the attractant to achieve a longer attraction duration.

[0043] S6. Mix the prepared nanoporous silica-supported thrips attractant powder with a non-toxic and harmless filler (porous Al2O3 powder) at a mass ratio of 1:3 to ensure uniform component distribution. Fill the mixed powder into No. 4 hollow capsules using a capsule filling machine, controlling the filling volume difference to ±3%. Each capsule contains 40 mg, meaning 100 capsules are equivalent to the amount of 200 μL of thrips attractant rubber core. Store the capsules in sealed bags. Keep in a refrigerator at 20℃.

[0044] Experimental Example 1 This experimental example is a field trapping experiment of western flower thrips using different types of thrips attractant decoys: Experimental materials and instruments Lure samples: rubber lure (prepared in Example 6), oil lure (prepared in Example 7), and capsule lure (prepared in Example 8), all with an effective ingredient content of 200 μL; blank control group (CK) contained no attractant.

[0045] Auxiliary materials: 20cm×30cm blue sticky insect board (commercially available, insect attraction efficiency meets GB / T24689.4-2009 standard), transparent PET tape (weather resistance grade ≥UV3), 2mL brown screw-cap glass tube (borosilicate material, sealing meets ISO4796-1 standard), precision micro-drill (hole diameter 0.3mm±0.02mm).

[0046] Instruments and equipment: electronic balance (accuracy 0.001g, model FA2004), stereo microscope (magnification 10-40x, model SMZ1500), Excel 2019 data recording software, SPSS 26.0 statistical analysis software.

[0047] Reagents: n-hexane (chromatographic grade, purity ≥99.9%) and paraffin oil (analytical grade, purity ≥99.0%), both of which are commercially available standard reagents.

[0048] Experimental Design and Methods 1. Experimental location: Chili pepper field at the vegetable base of Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province. The growing period was the initial flowering stage, and the natural occurrence of western flower thrips in the field was uniform.

[0049] 2. Experiment period: May 5, 2023 - June 25, 2023, a total of 51 days. During the experiment, the average minimum temperature was 14-15℃, the average maximum temperature was 22-27℃, the average daily relative humidity was 60%-70%, the cumulative rainfall was 120mm, and there was no extreme weather.

[0050] 3. Experimental Design: A randomized block design was adopted, with 4 treatment groups (rubber lure, oil lure, capsule lure, and CK). Each treatment was replicated 3 times, and the area of ​​each replicate was 20m×20m. The interval between adjacent replicates was 15-20m. The treatment groups were randomly arranged to avoid marginal effects.

[0051] 4. Deployment of lure cores: Rubber lure: Fix it directly to the center of the sticky insect board with transparent PET tape. The sticky insect board should be 3-5cm higher than the plant canopy.

[0052] Oil-based lure: Punch a 0.3mm hole in the cap of a 2mL brown glass tube containing 200μL of oil-based lure, and fix it to the center of the sticky insect board with transparent PET tape. The same height as the rubber lure.

[0053] Capsule lure: Insert the capsule lure into a 2mL brown glass tube. Punch a 0.3mm hole at the top of the capsule with a punch. Punch a 0.3mm hole at the same time on the glass tube cap. Fix the transparent PET tape to the center of the sticky insect board. The height of the stack should be consistent.

[0054] CK group: Only blue sticky insect boards were laid out, without any lures, and the laying method was the same as other treatment groups.

[0055] Survey Methods: Starting from the day after deployment, surveys were conducted daily from 9:00 AM to 10:00 AM (during periods of consistent light intensity). Adult western flower thrips and their sexes were rigorously identified using a stereomicroscope to exclude interference from other closely related species such as flower thrips and tobacco thrips, ensuring data accuracy. Afterward, the insects were removed or new sticky traps were used. The experiment continued until the difference in insect collection between the treatment groups and the control group was no longer significant (P>0.05).

[0056] The experimental results are shown in the table below: Table 1. Results of field trapping experiment using attractants for western flower thrips

[0057] Experimental Example 2 This experimental example demonstrates an outdoor trapping experiment of western flower thrips using different types of thrips attractant decoys: Experimental materials and instruments Similar to Experiment 1, a new temperature and humidity recorder (model TH-20R, measurement accuracy ±0.1℃ / ±1%RH) was added to monitor field temperature and humidity in real time.

[0058] Experimental Design and Methods 1. Experimental location: Eggplant field at the vegetable base of Henan University of Science and Technology, Xinxiang City, Henan Province. The growing season was during the peak flowering period, and the incidence of western flower thrips in the field was relatively high.

[0059] 2. Experiment period: June 20, 2024 - July 30, 2024, a total of 40 days. During the experiment, the average minimum temperature was 24-25℃, the average maximum temperature was 33-35℃, the average daily relative humidity was 55%-65%, the cumulative rainfall was 85mm, and the high temperature period (≥30℃) lasted for an average of 8 hours per day.

[0060] 3. Experimental design, lure placement and investigation methods: completely consistent with Experiment 1, with the addition of temperature and humidity records, and data exported daily to ensure traceability of high-temperature environmental conditions.

[0061] The experimental results are shown in the table below: Table 2. Results of field trapping experiment using attractants for western flower thrips

[0062] Experimental Example 3 This experimental example used an attractant prepared according to Chinese invention patent CN109730065B as a comparative product. The experimental procedure was as follows: Experimental materials and instruments Lure samples: rubber lure, oil lure, capsule lure (same as in test example 1); control product lure (prepared according to the formula and process of Chinese invention patent example 1 with authorization number CN109730065B, effective ingredient content 200μL); CK group had no attractant.

[0063] Materials and instruments: Same as in Experiment 1, with the addition of a lure loading calibration device (model LC-100, calibration accuracy ±0.1μL) to ensure that the loading of effective components in each lure is consistent.

[0064] Experimental Design and Methods 1. Experimental location: Bell pepper field in vegetable base of Xiaodian Town, Xinxiang City, Henan Province. The growth period was in the early stage of fruit setting. The occurrence of western flower thrips in the field was moderate and uniform.

[0065] 2. Experiment period: May 10, 2023 - June 28, 2023, a total of 49 days. The average temperature during the experiment was 14-26℃, the average daily relative humidity was 62%-73%, and the cumulative rainfall was 110mm. The climate conditions were suitable for the activity of western flower thrips.

[0066] 3. Experimental design: A randomized block design was adopted, with 5 treatment groups (rubber lure, oil lure, capsule lure, control product lure, and CK). Each treatment was replicated 3 times, with a replication interval of 18-22m. Other design features were the same as in Experiment Example 1.

[0067] 4. Lure placement and survey method: consistent with Experiment 1, adult western flower thrips were strictly identified using a stereomicroscope during the survey to exclude interference from other closely related species such as flower thrips and tobacco thrips, ensuring data accuracy.

[0068] The experimental results are shown in the table below: Table 3. Results of field trapping experiment using attractants for western flower thrips

[0069] By comparing the data from the three experimental examples, it is clear that the daily capture rate of the capsule lure provided by this invention is significantly higher than that of the rubber lure, the oil lure, and the comparative product lure: In Experiment 1, the daily capture rate of the capsule lure was 291.74 individuals, an increase of 42.8% compared to the rubber lure and 59.2% compared to the oil lure; in Experiment 2, the daily capture rate under high temperature conditions was 382.51 individuals, an increase of 30.0% compared to the rubber lure and 58.6% compared to the oil lure; and in Experiment 3, the daily capture rate was 8.6% higher than that of the comparative product lure. This result verifies that the attraction composition of this invention (a mixture of 5 components including 1,3-dimethylbenzene and p-xylene in a specific ratio) has highly efficient attraction activity and a strong attraction to both male and female western flower thrips (females account for 52%-55%, and males account for 45%-48%), solving the problem of the single targeting of traditional attractants.

[0070] In Experiment 1, under normal temperature conditions, the capsule-based inducer's effective period reached 43-46 days, which was 30.3%-58.6% longer than that of rubber inducers (29-33 days) and 43.3%-70.4% longer than that of oil-based inducers (27-30 days). In Experiment 2, under high temperature conditions, the capsule-based inducer's effective period remained at 28-32 days, which was 64.7%-128.6% longer than that of rubber inducers (14-17 days) and 86.7%-166.7% longer than that of oil-based inducers (12-15 days), significantly better than the traditional inducer's high-temperature susceptibility. The invention overcomes the drawback of volatility by employing a gelatin-polysaccharide composite capsule encapsulation design. This capsule significantly enhances temperature and humidity resistance, remaining undeformed even at high temperatures of 33-35°C and high humidity of 55%-65%. Furthermore, a uniform 0.3mm pore at one end of the capsule precisely controls the evaporation rate of the attractant, preventing excessive loss of active ingredients. Additionally, the capsule encapsulation physically isolates the attractant from external light, rain, and microorganisms, preventing decomposition and degradation, further ensuring stable efficacy under high-temperature conditions. In Experiment 3, the capsule core's duration of effectiveness was 45-48 days, extending by 45.2%-71.4% compared to the comparative product's core (28-31 days). This fully verifies the core advantage of the present invention using methylated modified nanoporous silicon as a carrier, proving that its porous structure can achieve precise loading and sustained release of the attractant, avoid the waste of the active ingredient by sudden release, and significantly extend the duration of effect. At the same time, the present invention mixes the powder of the attractant loaded in porous silicon with inert Al2O3 at a ratio of 1:3. When the attractant evaporates from the porous silicon channels, Al2O3 can partially adsorb the attractant molecules, preventing them from escaping rapidly, making the evaporation rate more stable, forming a synergistic effect with the porous silicon, further optimizing the sustained release effect, and jointly supporting the significant extension of the duration of effect.

[0071] The comparison between the high-temperature environment (33-35℃) in Experiment 2 and the normal-temperature environment in Experiment 1 shows that the effective period of traditional rubber cores and oil-based cores is significantly shortened at high temperatures (rubber cores from 29-33 days to 14-17 days, and oil-based cores from 27-30 days to 12-15 days), while the capsule core only decreases from 43-46 days to 28-32 days, demonstrating significantly stronger resistance to high-temperature volatilization. This directly verifies the characteristics of methylated modified nanoporous silicon, proving that it can shield ultraviolet rays, resist rain erosion, and retain the active ingredients of the attractant to the maximum extent. The results verify the technical effect of the carrier's strong stress resistance in this invention.

[0072] In the three experimental cases, the capsule lure did not require the use of chemical pesticides; simply attracting and capturing thrips effectively reduced the population density of western flower thrips in the field. Furthermore, the lure carrier (methylated modified nanoporous silica, porous Al2O3) was non-toxic and harmless, aligning with the concept of green pest control. Compared to traditional chemical control, this technology avoids the development of pesticide resistance and environmental pollution, validating the application value of this invention in the field of sustainable pest control and meeting the current needs of green agricultural development.

[0073] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of preparing a western flower thrips attractant capsule lure, characterized by, include: S1. Immerse the methylated modified nanoporous silica in a hexane-based thrips attractant composition and sonicate for 30-50 minutes to load the methylated modified nanoporous silica onto the thrips attractant composition. S2. The ultrasonically treated solution is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain a powder of nanoporous silica-supported thrips attractant. S3. The powder is mixed with porous Al2O3 powder at a mass ratio of 1:3, and then filled into a hollow capsule to obtain the capsule core.

2. The method of making a western flower thrips attractant capsule lure of claim 1, wherein: The western flower thrips attract composition is prepared by mixing 1,3 A dimethylbenzene solution, a p-xylene solution, a 4-ethylbenzaldehyde solution, a cinnamyl aldehyde solution, and a methyl cinnamate solution are mixed in a volume ratio of 20:15:25:15:25; wherein 1,3 The concentration of dimethylbenzene is 10-600 mg / L, the concentration of p-xylene is 10-200 mg / L, the concentration of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde is 10-600 mg / L, the concentration of cinnamaldehyde is 10-500 mg / L, and the concentration of methyl cinnamate is 10-500 mg / L. The solvents used for these compounds are all n-hexane.

3. A method of preparing a Westem flower thrips attractant capsule lure according to claim 2, characterized in that: said 1,3 The concentration of dimethylbenzene is 500-600 mg / L, the concentration of paraxylene is 150-200 mg / L, the concentration of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde is 500-600 mg / L, the concentration of cinnamaldehyde is 400-500 mg / L, and the concentration of methyl cinnamate is 400-500 mg / L.

4. The method of making a western flower thrips attractant capsule lure of claim 1, wherein: The methylated modified nanoporous silicon is prepared by the following method: S1. Dissolve sodium silicate nonahydrate and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide in deionized water, adjust the pH to 10, and obtain a transparent gel. S2. The transparent gel is transferred to a hydrothermal reactor and reacted at a constant temperature. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is cooled, filtered, and washed with deionized water until neutral. Then, the product is dried by blowing air to obtain the dried product. S3. The dried product is immersed in an anhydrous ethanol solution of trimethylchlorosilane to modify the outer surface of the nanoporous silicon. After stirring and reacting, the product is filtered, washed with anhydrous ethanol and dried to obtain the sample. S4. Calcine the sample to remove the template agent hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and obtain methylated modified nanoporous silicon.

5. The method of making a western flower thrips attractant capsule lure of claim 4, wherein: In the preparation of the methylated modified nanoporous silicon, the molar ratio of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to Si atoms in step S1 is 0.2:

1.

6. The method of making a western flower thrips attractant capsule lure of claim 4, wherein: In the preparation of the methylated modified nanoporous silicon, the pH is adjusted to 10 by concentrated sulfuric acid in step S1.

7. The method of making a western flower bug attractant capsule lure of claim 4, wherein: In the preparation of the methylated modified nanoporous silicon, the reaction temperature of the isothermal reaction in step S2 is 130-140℃, and the reaction time is 72-75 hours.

8. The method of making a western flower thrips attractant capsule lure of claim 4, wherein: In the preparation of the methylated modified nanoporous silicon, the stirring reaction temperature in step S3 is room temperature, and the stirring reaction time is 24-26 hours.

9. The method of making a western flower bug attractant capsule lure of claim 4, wherein: In the preparation of the methylated modified nanoporous silicon, the calcination temperature in step S4 is 500-550℃, and the calcination time is 4-5h.

10. A thrips attractant capsule decoy prepared by the method for preparing the thrips attractant capsule decoy according to any one of claims 1-9.

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