Vehicle intelligent interaction bracelet and system and method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a vehicle intelligent interactive bracelet and a system and method thereof, and relates to the technical field of vehicle-mounted identity authentication. The bracelet integrates three modes of radio frequency communication, biological feature recognition and near field communication through a multi-mode authentication module; a dual authentication strategy based on a dynamic security certificate is adopted in the cooperative verification process of the main control module and the vehicle body controller, and when a main authentication path fails, the main authentication path is automatically and seamlessly switched to a standby path, so that the authentication success rate and the anti-attack capability in a complex environment are improved; meanwhile, the bracelet supports rapid completion of multi-user binding through near field communication, and biological information does not need to be repeatedly collected; besides, through bidirectional data interaction between a communication module and a vehicle network, the bracelet can receive vehicle state information in real time and can also send a control instruction, visual man-machine interaction is achieved by means of an interaction and feedback module, and an intelligent vehicle-mounted interaction mode integrating identity authentication, state perception, active control and multi-user management is constructed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle identity authentication technology, and in particular to a vehicle intelligent interactive wristband, system, and method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] The significance of in-vehicle identity authentication technology lies in achieving secure, convenient, and intelligent trusted binding between people and vehicles, ensuring the security of vehicle access control, and improving user experience and interaction efficiency. Existing technologies mainly include three categories: traditional car keys, remote or near-field authentication via mobile apps, and in-vehicle biometrics. These solutions generally suffer from insufficient security. For example, radio frequency signals are susceptible to relay attacks, mobile phone accounts or Bluetooth communications may be hijacked, and biometric data stored in the in-vehicle system is at risk of leakage. The root cause is that they mostly use single-dimensional authentication, lacking dynamic encryption and multimodal fusion mechanisms. Furthermore, they have poor environmental adaptability; for instance, facial recognition is greatly affected by lighting conditions, and fingerprint recognition is easily interfered with by dirt or water stains, and response delays or even failures occur in signal-blocked areas. When multiple people share a vehicle, switching between users is cumbersome, requiring repeated entry or deletion of biometric information, resulting in high management costs. Finally, existing authentication tools have limited functionality, only supporting basic unlocking / locking operations, lacking deep interaction capabilities with the vehicle system, and unable to proactively provide status feedback or execute control commands. These problems severely restrict the further development of in-vehicle identity authentication in terms of security, convenience, environmental robustness, and intelligence. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies, and proposes a vehicle intelligent interactive wristband and its system and method, which can achieve high security, strong environmental adaptability, convenient operation and multi-functional active interaction in-vehicle identity authentication and control through multimodal fusion authentication, low power consumption bidirectional interaction and multi-user dynamic management mechanism.

[0004] The solution to the technical problem of this invention is: This invention provides a vehicle intelligent interactive wristband, including a main control module, a multimodal authentication module, a communication module, and an interaction and feedback module; The multimodal authentication module includes a radio frequency communication unit, a biometric recognition unit, and a near-field authentication unit, which are used to work with the vehicle body controller to complete user authentication. The communication module is used to establish a wireless communication connection with the body controller and to interact with the vehicle main control unit via the vehicle network to receive vehicle status information and send vehicle control commands. The interaction and feedback module is used to present information to users and receive user input. The main control module is configured to: after triggering the authentication process, based on the security credentials dynamically issued by the body controller, coordinate with the multimodal authentication module to perform a dual authentication operation, which includes a primary authentication path and a backup authentication path, and automatically switch to the backup authentication path when the primary authentication path fails. The wristband also supports multi-user management and can be paired and bound to the vehicle controller via near-field communication to enable user authorization without collecting biometric data.

[0005] Furthermore, the radio frequency communication unit adopts the Bluetooth Low Energy communication protocol; the biometric identification unit includes an optical fingerprint sensor.

[0006] Furthermore, the wristband and the body controller exchange and store each other's device identifiers during initial binding. During the authentication process, the wristband establishes a trusted communication channel with the body controller based on the device identifiers.

[0007] Furthermore, the vehicle body controller randomly generates a security credential for each authentication request and sends it to the wristband through the trusted communication channel; the main control module processes the security credential using an encryption algorithm and returns it to the vehicle body controller for verification.

[0008] Furthermore, the interaction and feedback module includes a display screen, physical buttons, and an alarm unit; The vehicle status information includes at least one of the vehicle energy status, tire status, or door status. The vehicle control commands include at least one of the following: air conditioning control commands, trunk control commands, or vehicle location prompt commands.

[0009] Furthermore, the multi-user management function completes the authorization binding by touching the near-field authentication unit of the wristband with the near-field communication sensing area set in the vehicle body controller. The binding process is confirmed by the authorized user through the vehicle human-machine interface. Authorized wristbands support collaborative authorization operations. Any wristband with authorization can issue a temporary access token to other wristbands. The temporary access token includes the controlled function range and the validity period. After verification by the vehicle controller, the authorized wristband can perform corresponding vehicle control operations under limited conditions.

[0010] Furthermore, the wristband also includes a power module that supports contactless charging and automatically disables the high-power authentication unit when the battery level is below a preset threshold, retaining only the near-field authentication unit to perform offline emergency authentication.

[0011] Furthermore, the main control module is also configured to dynamically adjust the selection strategy of the primary authentication path and the backup authentication path based on environmental context information or user historical behavior data.

[0012] On the other hand, this application provides a vehicle intelligent interaction system, including the aforementioned vehicle intelligent interaction wristband and an in-vehicle terminal; The vehicle-mounted terminal includes a wireless communication module, a near-field read / write module, and a body controller, wherein the body controller is connected to the vehicle's in-vehicle network; The vehicle controller is configured to: respond to the authentication request of the wristband, generate a dynamic security credential and send it through the wireless communication module; receive the encrypted credential returned by the wristband and verify it; and send an operation command to the vehicle execution unit after successful verification. The vehicle controller is also configured to: in multi-user authorization mode, exchange device identifiers with the new user ring through the near-field read / write module, and complete two-way binding after the authorized user confirms through the vehicle human-machine interface.

[0013] On the other hand, this application provides a vehicle intelligent interaction method, applied to the aforementioned vehicle intelligent interaction wristband, the method comprising the following steps: In response to the user's wearing or authentication operation of the wristband, the vehicle identity authentication process is triggered; The wristband receives dynamic safety credentials issued by the vehicle controller and performs dual authentication operations in conjunction with the wristband's multimodal authentication module. The dual authentication operations include a primary authentication path and a backup authentication path. When the primary authentication path fails, the backup authentication path is automatically activated. After successful authentication, the wristband establishes a two-way data channel with the vehicle's main control unit through the vehicle's in-vehicle network, receives vehicle status information, and responds to user input to send control commands. In multi-user scenarios, the wristband is paired and bound to the vehicle controller via near-field communication, enabling rapid user authorization without the need to collect biometric data.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This application provides a vehicle intelligent interactive wristband that integrates radio frequency communication, biometric recognition, and near-field communication through a multimodal authentication module. During the collaborative verification process between the main control module and the vehicle controller, a dual authentication strategy based on dynamic security credentials is adopted. When the primary authentication path fails, it automatically and seamlessly switches to a backup path, improving the authentication success rate and anti-attack capability in complex environments. Simultaneously, the wristband supports rapid multi-user binding via near-field communication, eliminating the need for repeated collection of biometric information. Furthermore, through bidirectional data interaction between the communication module and the vehicle network, the wristband can not only receive vehicle status information in real time but also send control commands. With the help of the interaction and feedback module, it achieves intuitive human-machine interaction, constructing an intelligent in-vehicle interaction method integrating identity authentication, status perception, active control, and multi-user management. This application also provides corresponding systems and methods, the beneficial effects of which are the same as the technical effects of the aforementioned wristband, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0015] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand the technical solutions of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the technical solutions of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the vehicle intelligent interactive wristband provided in this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the vehicle intelligent interaction method provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0019] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The described embodiments should not be considered as limitations on the present application, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] In the following description, references are made to “some embodiments,” which describe a subset of all possible embodiments. However, it is understood that “some embodiments” may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0022] With the rapid development of intelligent connected vehicle technology, vehicles are no longer just transportation tools, but are gradually evolving into mobile intelligent terminals integrating safety, comfort, and personalized services. Against this backdrop, in-vehicle identity authentication technology, as a core component for achieving trusted binding between people and vehicles, is becoming increasingly important. An ideal identity authentication solution needs to simultaneously meet multiple requirements, including high security, strong environmental adaptability, ease of operation, multi-user compatibility, and functional scalability. However, current mainstream in-vehicle identity authentication methods still suffer from numerous technical bottlenecks, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve the above objectives. Therefore, a new solution integrating multimodal perception, low-power communication, dynamic encryption, and proactive interaction capabilities is urgently needed.

[0023] Currently, in-vehicle identity authentication technologies are mainly divided into three categories: First, traditional car key authentication, including mechanical keys, remote radio frequency keys, and NFC-based smart card keys, which rely on physical contact or short-range wireless signals to unlock the vehicle; second, mobile APP authentication, which enables remote or near-field control through Bluetooth, NFC, or 4G / 5G networks, such as remote vehicle operation supported by cloud service APPs; and third, in-vehicle biometric authentication, which integrates fingerprint recognition modules or facial recognition systems in the vehicle to directly verify identity using the user's physiological characteristics.

[0024] The aforementioned technologies generally suffer from five core problems: First, insufficient security. Single authentication methods are vulnerable to relay attacks, forged biometrics, or account hijacking, and sensitive data stored in the vehicle system poses a risk of leakage. Second, they are highly dependent on the status of external devices. For example, mobile phones need to be powered on and connected to the internet, traditional keys are easily lost, and they cannot be used in low temperatures or power outages. Third, they have poor environmental adaptability. Facial recognition is greatly affected by lighting, fingerprint recognition is easily interfered with by dirt or water, and radio frequency signals may experience delays or even fail in shielded areas. Fourth, switching between multiple users is cumbersome, requiring repeated input or deletion of biometric information, or multiple keys / authorized accounts, resulting in high management costs. Fifth, they have limited functionality, only supporting basic unlocking / locking, lacking vehicle status feedback and active control capabilities, and failing to achieve deep human-vehicle interaction.

[0025] To address the aforementioned issues, this application proposes a vehicle intelligent interactive wristband, its system, and method. Its main technical features include: employing a multimodal fusion authentication mechanism that integrates radio frequency communication, optical fingerprint recognition, and NFC near-field communication; significantly improving authentication robustness in complex environments through a dual dynamic verification strategy while ensuring high security; the wristband incorporates a low-power main control chip and encryption module, supporting end-to-end encrypted interaction based on dynamically issued security credentials from the vehicle controller, effectively resisting relay attacks and data theft; simultaneously, achieving rapid multi-user binding without biometric data collection via NFC touch, resulting in a simple and efficient authorization process; furthermore, the wristband establishes a two-way communication channel with the vehicle system, enabling real-time reception of vehicle status information such as battery level, tire pressure, and door status, as well as proactively sending control commands such as starting the air conditioning, unlocking the trunk, and honking the horn to locate the vehicle, and possessing anomaly alarm feedback capabilities, thereby upgrading traditional static identity credentials into an intelligent vehicle terminal integrating authentication, interaction, control, and early warning.

[0026] First, the vehicle intelligent interaction wristband provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 The vehicle intelligent interactive wristband provided in this application embodiment includes a main control module, a multimodal authentication module, a communication module, and an interaction and feedback module.

[0028] In some embodiments of this application, the multimodal authentication module includes a radio frequency communication unit, a biometric recognition unit, and a near-field authentication unit, used to work with the vehicle body controller to complete user authentication. The multimodal authentication module consists of units employing three different technical approaches, performing identity recognition based on radio frequency signals, biometrics, and near-field communication, respectively. These units work together with the vehicle body controller to provide diverse verification methods during the authentication process, thereby forming a fusion-based identity verification mechanism and avoiding the vulnerabilities associated with relying on a single method.

[0029] In some embodiments of this application, the communication module is used to establish a wireless communication connection with the vehicle body controller and to interact with the vehicle's main control unit via the vehicle's in-vehicle network to receive vehicle status information and send vehicle control commands. In this way, the wristband can acquire the vehicle's operating status and transmit user-issued control commands to the vehicle's actuators, achieving two-way information flow.

[0030] The Body Control Module (BCM) is a core control unit in the vehicle's electronic architecture responsible for body functions such as door locks, lights, and anti-theft authentication. Using the BCM enables the shortest communication path and millisecond-level response, avoiding the latency and security risks caused by unrelated systems such as infotainment. At the same time, the BCM usually integrates original factory encryption mechanisms and links with the engine immobilizer system. Deploying authentication logic here can reuse the existing security architecture and improve overall protection capabilities. In addition, the BCM is ubiquitous in various mass-produced vehicles and has a unified interface standard. It can be adapted at low cost by simply adding a communication module and updating firmware, which is conducive to rapid integration by OEMs.

[0031] In some embodiments of this application, the interaction and feedback module is used to present information to the user and receive user input. The interaction and feedback module is responsible for conveying the vehicle or system status to the user in a visual or perceptible manner, while receiving operation commands input by the user through buttons or touch, thereby constructing an intuitive and real-time human-machine communication interface.

[0032] In some embodiments of this application, the main control module is configured to: after triggering the authentication process, based on the security credentials dynamically issued by the body controller, coordinate with the multimodal authentication module to perform a dual authentication operation. The dual authentication operation includes a primary authentication path and a backup authentication path. When the primary authentication path fails, it automatically switches to the backup authentication path. After authentication starts, the main control module schedules the multimodal authentication module to perform the dual verification process based on the security credentials temporarily generated by the body controller. The system prioritizes trying the primary authentication path. If it fails due to environmental interference or abnormal user status, the backup path is automatically activated to ensure that the authentication process is not interrupted and improve overall reliability.

[0033] In some embodiments of this application, the main control module employs an STM32L476 low-power microcontroller with a main frequency of 80MHz and a sleep current not exceeding 1 microamp. This module coordinates the operation of various functional modules within the wristband, executes data processing tasks, and performs encryption calculations. The main control module connects to the biometric identification module and NFC module via an I2C bus, to the radio frequency communication module via a UART interface, and to the storage module via an SPI bus, enabling efficient data interaction and management. Simultaneously, the main control module incorporates an AES-256 encryption algorithm to encrypt all transmitted data, effectively preventing information from being intercepted or cracked during transmission and ensuring communication security.

[0034] In some embodiments of this application, the wristband also supports multi-user management, enabling pairing and binding with the vehicle body controller via near-field communication, thus achieving user authorization without the need for biometric data collection. New users only need to touch the wristband once near the near-field communication sensing area of ​​the vehicle body controller to complete device binding and permission granting. The entire process does not involve the input of biometric information such as fingerprints or faces, simplifying the user addition process and improving the efficiency and practicality of multi-user management.

[0035] In some embodiments of this application, the radio frequency communication unit employs the Bluetooth Low Energy communication protocol. Optionally, the radio frequency authentication unit uses a Nordic RF52840 chip supporting the BLE 5.2 protocol, with a communication range of ten to fifty meters and an adjustable transmit power within the range of -40dBm to 4dBm. During the pairing phase, the wristband and the body controller pre-store the same unique identification code (UUID). During authentication, the wristband actively sends the encrypted UUID to the body controller, which verifies it upon receipt. If the match is successful, the initial unlocking operation is completed.

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, the radio frequency communication unit can also be implemented using the ZigBee protocol, for example, by using a TICC2530 chip to build a communication link. The advantage of this solution is that it supports multi-device self-organizing networks, allowing simultaneous connection of wristbands, vehicle sensors, and even smart home devices, making it suitable for whole-house smart home interconnection applications. Although ZigBee's communication distance is relatively short, typically not exceeding 30 meters, and an additional ZigBee gateway needs to be deployed in the vehicle system, its data interaction mechanism still ensures the normal operation of authentication and control functions between the wristband and the vehicle, without affecting the system's core business logic.

[0037] In some embodiments of this application, the biometric identification unit includes an optical fingerprint sensor. Optionally, the biometric identification unit integrates an optical fingerprint sensor FPC1020 with a resolution of 256 x 288 pixels and a recognition time of no more than 0.3 seconds, installed on the touch area of ​​the wristband surface. The sensor surface is covered with a scratch-resistant and waterproof coating, achieving an IP68 protection rating, effectively resisting recognition interference caused by water or dirt on the fingers. The collected fingerprint feature values ​​are encrypted by the main control module and stored only locally on the wristband, without being uploaded to the cloud, ensuring the security and privacy of the user's biometric information.

[0038] In some embodiments of this application, the optical fingerprint sensor can also be implemented using a capacitive fingerprint sensor, such as the Goodix GT911 chip. This solution offers faster recognition speeds, achieving less than 0.2 seconds, but its waterproof rating is IP67, slightly lower than the optical solution. Therefore, an additional waterproof gasket needs to be added to the sensor surface to improve environmental adaptability. This replacement only requires local adjustments to the bracelet's outer shell structure, without affecting the overall authentication logic and system functionality, and still achieves the same level of identity verification capability.

[0039] In some embodiments of this application, the NFC near-field authentication unit uses an NXPPN532 chip, supports the ISO14443A / B protocol, and has a communication distance of no more than 5 centimeters. This unit is used to enable rapid binding of multiple users. Users only need to touch the wristband to the vehicle's NFC sensing area to complete the UUID matching between the wristband and the vehicle. At the same time, when the wristband's battery is extremely low and other authentication methods cannot be used, offline emergency unlocking can also be achieved through NFC touch, ensuring that the vehicle can still be used normally in emergency situations.

[0040] In some embodiments of this application, the NFC module can also be replaced by an ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning module, such as one integrating the Apple U1 chip. This solution achieves seamless authentication through centimeter-level high-precision positioning. When a user wearing the wristband enters a 3-meter radius around the vehicle, the system can automatically trigger the unlocking process, improving ease of use. Although the UWB module increases hardware costs by approximately 50 yuan, and positioning accuracy may decrease in environments with severe multipath interference, such as underground parking garages, the core identity authentication objective can still be effectively achieved by optimizing the authentication triggering logic, such as dynamically waking up the authentication process based on a distance threshold.

[0041] In some embodiments of this application, the wristband prioritizes a dual authentication combination of radio frequency (RF) and fingerprint during authentication, suitable for general use scenarios. When fingerprint recognition fails, for example, due to finger injury, dirt, or moisture preventing effective feature acquisition, the system automatically switches to a dual authentication combination of RF and NFC. In this case, the user needs to touch the wristband to the vehicle's NFC sensing area to complete the verification. This operating logic ensures that at least one effective authentication combination is available in different environments or user states, improving the system's adaptability and reliability in complex real-world scenarios.

[0042] In some embodiments of this application, the wristband and the vehicle controller exchange and store each other's device identifiers during initial binding. During authentication, the wristband establishes a trusted communication channel with the vehicle controller based on the device identifier. A one-to-one binding mapping is established between the two parties, ensuring that subsequent communication only occurs between authorized devices, effectively preventing unauthorized devices from impersonating legitimate wristbands or vehicles to access the system.

[0043] In some embodiments of this application, the vehicle controller randomly generates a security credential for each authentication request and sends it to the wristband via a trusted communication channel. The main control module processes the security credential using an encryption algorithm and returns it to the vehicle controller for verification. The randomly generated security credential ensures that the authentication content is unique and unpredictable each time, fundamentally preventing replay attacks and signal forgery. Transmitting the credential through a trusted communication channel established based on the initially bound device identifier ensures the confidentiality and integrity of the data during transmission, preventing third-party eavesdropping or tampering. The wristband's main control module encrypts the credential using a preset key (such as AES-256) before returning it, proving not only its receiving capability but also verifying the authenticity of its identity as the holder of a legitimate key, achieving device-level anti-counterfeiting. The vehicle controller decrypts and compares the received encrypted response, and only triggers the vehicle control command after successful verification, thus completing a highly secure two-way authentication closed loop. This effectively resists risks such as relay attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, and unauthorized device access, providing end-to-end security for vehicle access control.

[0044] In some embodiments of this application, the interaction and feedback module includes a display screen, physical buttons, and an alarm unit. Optionally, the display unit uses a 0.96-inch OLED screen with a resolution of 128 x 64 and adjustable brightness. It displays vehicle status information such as battery level, fuel level, and tire pressure, as well as authentication results such as unlocked or failed authentication. It also provides alarm information, such as abnormal tire pressure, when an anomaly occurs. Additionally, two physical buttons are located on the side of the wristband. A short press triggers the vehicle location function and the trunk unlocking function, respectively. The screen also supports touch operation, allowing users to execute commands such as adjusting the air conditioning temperature via the touch interface. The alarm unit incorporates a vibration motor and a buzzer. The vibration frequency is 200Hz, and the buzzer volume is 80dB. When an abnormal situation occurs in the vehicle, the system simultaneously triggers the vibration and buzzer alarms and displays the specific alarm type on the screen, thereby achieving multimodal, intuitive, and timely user feedback and interaction.

[0045] In some embodiments of this application, physical buttons can also be replaced by a voice interaction module. Users can directly control vehicle functions through natural voice commands, such as starting the air conditioner or unlocking the trunk, making operation more intuitive and efficient. Although the voice recognition accuracy may drop to about 85% in noisy environments such as high-speed driving, by adding a microphone array inside the wristband and optimizing the local voice processing algorithm, interactive control capabilities comparable to the original solution can still be achieved, meeting daily usage needs.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, vehicle status information includes at least one of vehicle energy status, tire status, or door status. Energy status, such as remaining battery power or fuel level, helps users plan their trips rationally and avoids being stranded due to running out of energy. Tire status, such as whether tire pressure is below a safe threshold, can provide early warning of potential tire blowout risks, improving driving safety. Door status is used to confirm whether all doors are properly closed or locked, preventing property damage or illegal intrusion due to negligence. By periodically pushing this key information to the wristband in an encrypted manner and displaying it locally, users can grasp the basic operating status of the vehicle without relying on a mobile phone or entering the vehicle, enhancing the initiative, timeliness, and practicality of human-vehicle interaction.

[0047] In some embodiments of this application, vehicle control commands include at least one of air conditioning control commands, trunk control commands, or vehicle location prompt commands. Users can remotely start the air conditioning via the wristband before approaching the vehicle to pre-adjust the cabin temperature for improved comfort; open the trunk with a single button when holding items or at a distance, improving operational convenience; and trigger a vehicle location prompt when the vehicle is difficult to locate in a large parking lot, quickly identifying its location through vehicle horn honking or flashing lights. These commands are encrypted by the wristband and transmitted to the vehicle controller via the vehicle communication module, and ultimately executed by the corresponding electronic control unit, ensuring the security of the control process and greatly expanding the practical value of the wristband in daily driving scenarios.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, the multi-user management function completes the authorization binding by touching the near-field authentication unit of the wristband with the near-field communication sensing area set in the vehicle body controller. The binding process is confirmed by the authorized user through the vehicle's human-machine interface. New users only need to lightly touch the wristband to the designated NFC sensing area of ​​the vehicle to establish a temporary communication link and initiate a binding request. The entire process does not require the collection or uploading of biometric information such as fingerprints or faces, effectively reducing the risk of privacy leakage and operational complexity. At the same time, the binding operation must be explicitly confirmed by a user with administrator privileges on the vehicle screen to ensure the controllability and legality of permission granting. This "touch + confirmation" two-factor authorization mode significantly shortens the user addition time, simplifies the management process when family members, relatives, or corporate fleets share vehicles, and solves the problems of cumbersome user switching and chaotic permissions in traditional solutions.

[0049] In some embodiments of this application, authorized wristbands support collaborative authorization operations. Any wristband with authorization can issue a temporary access token to other wristbands. The temporary access token includes the controlled function range and validity period. After verification by the vehicle controller, the authorized wristband can perform corresponding vehicle control operations under limited conditions.

[0050] By introducing a flexible, dynamic permission distribution mechanism, the system meets the needs of real-world scenarios such as temporary car use, valet parking, and ride-sharing. For example, a car owner can authorize a valet driver to only start the vehicle and open the trunk for a limited time, but not to access personal data or control comfort functions such as air conditioning. The temporary access token is generated and encrypted by the authorization wristband, containing clear functional boundaries and time limits. The vehicle controller strictly verifies its legality and validity before execution to ensure that permissions are not abused or used beyond their expiration date. This mechanism achieves decentralized, lightweight permission delegation without relying on the cloud or mobile app, improving the system's availability and intelligence in offline environments.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, the wristband also includes a power module that supports contactless charging and automatically disables the high-power authentication unit when the battery level is below a preset threshold, retaining only the near-field authentication unit to perform offline emergency authentication.

[0052] Optionally, the power module uses a 300mAh lithium polymer battery with a thickness of 2.5mm, which is well-suited to the slim and lightweight design requirements of the wristband. It supports the Qi wireless charging standard with a charging power of 5W, fully charging the battery in 1.5 hours. It also features built-in overcharge and over-discharge protection to ensure safe use. Regarding power consumption control, the main control module and all functional modules support low-power operation modes. In standby mode, the total current does not exceed 5 microamps. Under typical usage scenarios (10 identity authentications and 20 vehicle status checks per day), the battery life can reach more than 14 days, effectively solving the problem of traditional vehicle authentication devices relying on frequent charging or battery replacements due to short battery life.

[0053] In some embodiments of this application, the main control module is further configured to dynamically adjust the selection strategy of the primary authentication path and the backup authentication path based on environmental context information or user historical behavior data. By sensing the current environmental context information, such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, electromagnetic interference level, or geographical location (e.g., underground parking garage, strong outdoor light), the main control module can predict that a certain type of authentication method (e.g., fingerprint or facial recognition) may fail due to environmental interference, and thus switch to a more reliable authentication combination in advance. At the same time, combined with user historical behavior data, such as the user's successful records of frequently using a certain authentication method under specific time periods, locations, or weather conditions, the system can learn and optimize the default path, reducing unnecessary verification steps or retrying failures. This dynamic strategy not only improves the authentication success rate and response speed, but also reduces power consumption and user operation burden.

[0054] In some embodiments of this application, the hardware selection of the vehicle smart interactive wristband includes: a main control module using an STM32L476RGT6 microcontroller with 1MB flash memory, 128KB RAM, and an operating temperature range of -40°C to 85°C; a radio frequency module using a Nordic RF52840 chip, supporting the BLE5.2 protocol, with a maximum transmit power of 4dBm and a receive sensitivity of -96dBm; a fingerprint sensor using an FPC1020 optical module with a resolution of 256 x 288 pixels, a false acceptance rate of 0.001%, a false rejection rate of 0.1%, and an IP68 protection rating; a display unit of a 0.96-inch OLED screen with a resolution of 128 x 64 pixels, a brightness of 300 cd / m², and a viewing angle of 170 degrees; and a power supply using a 300 mAh lithium polymer battery with a nominal voltage of 3.7 volts, an energy density of 600 Wh / L, and a cycle life of up to 500 cycles.

[0055] In terms of software implementation, the main control module is developed based on KeilMDK-ARMv5, the user interface is built using Qt5.15, and the vehicle CAN bus communication is simulated and verified through CANoe. The core algorithms of the system include the AES-256 algorithm for data encryption and a fingerprint comparison algorithm based on minutiae matching. A successful recognition is determined when the matching score is not lower than 80 points. According to the test, the average response time of RF plus fingerprint authentication is 0.6 seconds, and the average response time of NFC authentication is 0.8 seconds. Under high-intensity use with continuous authentication every 5 minutes, it can work continuously for 72 hours. Under daily use scenarios, that is, 10 authentications and 20 status checks per day, the battery life can reach 14 days.

[0056] In terms of environmental adaptability, the authentication success rate is 98.5% at a low temperature of -20 degrees Celsius, 98.2% at a high temperature of 60 degrees Celsius, and the fingerprint recognition pass rate is 95.3% when the finger is wet. The multi-user management function supports a single binding time of 8 seconds, and the administrator only needs 5 seconds to delete a user. It can bind up to 10 user wristbands at the same time.

[0057] In terms of structure and compatibility, the wristband uses a sweat-proof and hypoallergenic silicone strap covered with an acrylic scratch-resistant coating. The touch area is located at the top of the front and integrates a fingerprint sensor, while two physical buttons are positioned on the side for easy one-handed operation. The in-vehicle system is compatible with all vehicle electronic control units supporting the CAN2.0B protocol, eliminating the need to replace the original ECU. Only a 50mm x 50mm x 10mm communication module needs to be added. This module can be embedded in the center console and supports Android Auto and CarPlay systems, allowing users to view the list of bound users and authentication records on the in-vehicle screen. Furthermore, the system has a built-in loss protection mechanism. Users can activate lost mode via a mobile application connected to the wristband via Bluetooth. Upon activation, the wristband automatically locks and clears locally stored fingerprint data to prevent unauthorized use. The finder cannot restore the functionality; only the administrator can reactivate the device through a reset operation.

[0058] Secondly, this application provides a vehicle intelligent interaction system, including the aforementioned vehicle intelligent interaction wristband and in-vehicle terminal.

[0059] The vehicle-mounted terminal includes wireless communication modules such as BLE5.2 receiver modules, near-field read / write modules such as NFC read / write modules, and body controllers such as MCU control units, which are connected to the vehicle's in-vehicle network.

[0060] The BLE receiver module is matched with the wristband's RF unit, the NFC read / write module is matched with the wristband's NFC unit, and the MCU control unit is connected to the vehicle's CAN bus. The onboard MCU communicates with the vehicle's electronic control unit via the CAN bus to control components such as doors, air conditioning, and the trunk. It also connects to the BLE and NFC modules via a UART interface to receive encrypted authentication signals and various control commands from the wristband. When the onboard module receives an encrypted authentication signal from the wristband, the MCU decrypts and verifies it. If the verification is successful, it sends an unlock command to the vehicle's electronic control unit. When it receives a control command from the wristband, such as starting the air conditioning, the MCU converts the command into a signal conforming to the CAN bus protocol, driving the corresponding onboard device to perform the corresponding operation, thus achieving integrated coordination between security authentication and vehicle function control.

[0061] The vehicle controller is configured to: respond to the wristband's authentication request, generate dynamic security credentials, and send them via the wireless communication module; receive the encrypted credentials returned by the wristband and verify them; and, upon successful verification, send operation commands to the vehicle's execution unit.

[0062] The vehicle controller is also configured to: in multi-user authorization mode, exchange device identifiers with the new user bracelet through the near-field read / write module, and complete two-way binding after the authorized user confirms through the vehicle human-machine interface.

[0063] Furthermore, this application provides a vehicle intelligent interaction method applied to the aforementioned vehicle intelligent interaction wristband, the method comprising the following steps.

[0064] Step S110: In response to the user's wearing or authentication operation of the wristband, the vehicle identity authentication process is triggered.

[0065] In step S120, the wristband receives the dynamic safety credential issued by the vehicle controller and performs a dual authentication operation in conjunction with the wristband's multimodal authentication module. The dual authentication operation includes a primary authentication path and a backup authentication path; the backup authentication path is automatically activated when the primary authentication path fails.

[0066] Step S130: After successful authentication, the wristband establishes a two-way data channel with the vehicle's main control unit through the vehicle's in-vehicle network, receives vehicle status information, and responds to user input by sending control commands.

[0067] In step S140, in a multi-user scenario, the wristband is paired and bound to the vehicle controller via near-field communication, enabling rapid user authorization without the need to collect biometric data.

[0068] In some embodiments of this application, the identity authentication process based on the vehicle intelligent interactive wristband is as follows: After the wristband detects the user's wearing action through its built-in three-axis accelerometer, it automatically wakes up from standby mode and activates the BLE radio frequency module to actively send a connection request to the vehicle system; upon receiving the request, the vehicle system immediately generates a 16-bit random verification code and encapsulates it in an encrypted verification instruction, sending it back to the wristband; upon receiving the instruction, the wristband's main control module encrypts the verification code using the AES-256 algorithm, simultaneously activating the fingerprint sensor and prompting the user to press their finger for verification; the fingerprint sensor collects the user's fingerprint feature value and compares it with the locally stored fingerprint template within 0.2 seconds; if the comparison is successful, the user's fingerprint is automatically authenticated. The encrypted verification code is sent back to the vehicle's in-vehicle system. The in-vehicle system decrypts and verifies the received data. If the verification is successful, it sends an unlock command to the vehicle's electronic control unit and simultaneously sends a successful authentication signal back to the wristband. The wristband screen then displays "unlocked" and triggers a vibration alert. If fingerprint matching fails, the wristband automatically switches to NFC authentication mode, prompting the user to touch the in-vehicle sensor area. In this case, the wristband transmits the encrypted verification code to the in-vehicle system via near-field communication, eliminating the need to collect fingerprints again. The subsequent process is the same as described above. If all authentication methods fail, such as fingerprint mismatch or the user not performing an NFC touch operation, the wristband will display "authentication failed" on the screen and automatically return to standby mode after 30 seconds to prevent accidental triggering or invalid operations.

[0069] In some embodiments of this application, the multi-user management process of the vehicle smart interactive wristband is as follows: First, the administrator enables the multi-user authorization mode in the user management interface of the vehicle system; then, the new user wears their wristband and touches the vehicle's NFC sensing area, thereby establishing a temporary communication connection between the wristband and the vehicle system, and the vehicle system then sends an authorization request to the wristband; after the administrator confirms the authorization operation through the vehicle screen, the vehicle system adds the new user's wristband's unique device identifier (UUID) to the authorized user list, and at the same time, the wristband stores the identification code matching the vehicle, completing the two-way binding. The entire process takes no more than 10 seconds; after binding is completed, the new user can use their wristband to unlock and control the vehicle according to the standard identity authentication process; the administrator can also delete authorized users at any time through the vehicle system. Once deleted, the corresponding wristband will no longer be able to be authenticated, thus effectively solving the problems of cumbersome user switching and difficult permission management when multiple people share a vehicle.

[0070] In some embodiments of this application, the in-vehicle interactive control process includes three parts: status feedback, active control, and abnormal alarm. Regarding status feedback, the in-vehicle system collects data such as vehicle battery level, fuel level, tire pressure, and door status in real time, and periodically sends encrypted information to the wristband every 30 seconds via the BLE module. After receiving the data, the wristband decrypts it and displays the relevant content on the OLED screen. Users can switch between different information pages by briefly pressing a button on the wristband. Regarding active control, users can click the air conditioning icon on the wristband screen and select a specific value within the target temperature range. The wristband then generates an encrypted control command and sends it to the in-vehicle system. After decryption, the in-vehicle system sends an adjustment command to the air conditioning electronic control unit via the CAN bus, starting the air conditioning and setting it to the specified temperature. Simultaneously, it returns confirmation information to the wristband, such as the air conditioning being turned on and the current set temperature. Regarding abnormal alarms, when the vehicle system detects abnormal situations such as an unauthorized opening of a door or a tire pressure below 1.8 bar, it will immediately send an alarm command to the wristband. Upon receiving the command, the wristband will simultaneously trigger a 3-second vibration and intermittent buzzer alert, and the screen will display the specific alarm type, such as an abnormal opening of the left front door, accompanied by a flashing red light. This multi-sensory approach ensures that users can promptly detect abnormal vehicle conditions.

[0071] In summary, the vehicle intelligent interactive wristband and its system and method provided in this application have the following technical effects.

[0072] This application embodiment employs a multimodal fusion authentication mechanism, combining radio frequency communication, biometric recognition, and near-field communication to construct a primary and backup dual authentication path, enhancing security while strengthening authentication robustness in complex environments. It utilizes dynamic security credentials and end-to-end encrypted transmission to effectively resist relay attacks, signal hijacking, and data leakage risks. It supports rapid multi-user binding based on near-field touch, enabling authorization without biometric data collection, simplifying access management in multi-user scenarios. It achieves bidirectional data interaction between the wristband and the vehicle system, displaying real-time information such as vehicle energy status, tire status, and door status, and proactively sending commands for air conditioning control, trunk opening, and vehicle location prompts. A temporary access token mechanism is introduced, allowing authorized wristbands to collaboratively authorize others to use the vehicle within limited functions and timeframes, meeting flexible usage needs such as chauffeur services, enterprise sharing, and family sharing. Through low-power hardware design and intelligent power management, it ensures a battery life of over fourteen days and supports wireless charging and offline emergency authentication. Furthermore, the main control module can dynamically optimize authentication path selection based on environmental context or user behavior data, enabling the system to adapt and comprehensively improve user experience, security level, and interactive intelligence.

[0073] It should be noted that in all specific embodiments of this application, all data processing activities related to user identity or personal characteristics, such as user information, user behavior data, historical data, and location information, will be conducted in accordance with the principles of legality, legitimacy, and necessity. All data collection, use, storage, and processing will be subject to compliance with applicable national and regional laws, regulations, and industry standards, and informed consent from users will be obtained in a clear and explicit manner before processing. For the processing of sensitive personal information, separate consent from users will be obtained through prominent means such as pop-up prompts and independent confirmation pages. If any processing conflicts with laws and regulations, the laws and regulations will prevail, and necessary data processing will only be carried out within the scope permitted by laws and regulations, ensuring that all data-based applications, analyses, and technical implementations are conducted within the scope permitted by laws and regulations.

[0074] In some alternative embodiments, the functions / operations mentioned in the block diagrams may not occur in the order shown in the operation diagrams. For example, depending on the functions / operations involved, two consecutively shown blocks may actually be executed substantially simultaneously, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order. Furthermore, the embodiments presented and described in the flowcharts of this application are provided by way of example to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the technology. The disclosed methods are not limited to the operations and logic flows presented herein. Alternative embodiments are contemplated in which the order of various operations is changed and sub-operations described as part of a larger operation are executed independently.

[0075] Furthermore, although this application is described in the context of functional modules, it should be understood that, unless otherwise stated, one or more of the functions and / or features may be integrated into a single physical device and / or software module, or one or more functions and / or features may be implemented in a separate physical device or software module. It is also understood that a detailed discussion of the actual implementation of each module is unnecessary for understanding this application. Rather, given the properties, functions, and internal relationships of the various functional modules in the apparatus disclosed herein, the actual implementation of the module will be understood within the scope of ordinary skill of an engineer. Therefore, those skilled in the art can implement the application set forth in the claims using ordinary skill. It is also understood that the specific concepts disclosed are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application, which is determined by the full scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0076] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several programs to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0077] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequential list of executable programs for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, a program execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can retrieve and execute a program from or in conjunction with such a program execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can mean any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in conjunction with a program execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0078] More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: electrical connections (electronic devices) having one or more wires, portable computer disk drives (magnetic devices), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, computer-readable media can even be paper or other suitable media on which programs can be printed, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other media, then editing, interpreting, or, if necessary, processing it in a suitable manner to obtain the program electronically, and then storing it in computer memory.

[0079] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable program execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0080] In the foregoing description of this specification, the reference to terms such as "one embodiment / implementation," "another embodiment / implementation," or "certain embodiments / implementations," etc., indicates that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or example is included in an embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0081] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0082] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle intelligent interaction bracelet, characterized in that, The main control module, the multi-modal authentication module, the communication module, and the interaction and feedback module are included. The multi-modal authentication module includes a radio frequency communication unit, a biological feature recognition unit, and a near-field authentication unit, which are used to cooperate with the vehicle body controller to complete user identity verification. The communication module is used to establish a wireless communication connection with the vehicle body controller and interact with the vehicle-mounted main control unit via the vehicle on-board network to receive vehicle state information and send vehicle control instructions. The interaction and feedback module is used to present information to the user and receive user input. The main control module is configured to, after triggering the authentication process, based on the security credentials dynamically issued by the vehicle body controller, cooperate with the multi-modal authentication module to perform a dual authentication operation, which includes a primary authentication path and a backup authentication path, and automatically switches to the backup authentication path when the primary authentication path fails. The bracelet also supports multi-user management function, which can be paired and bound with the vehicle body controller through near field communication, realizing user authorization without collecting biological features.

2. The vehicle intelligent interaction bracelet of claim 1, wherein, The radio frequency communication unit uses Bluetooth low power communication protocol; the biological feature recognition unit includes an optical fingerprint sensor. 3.The vehicle intelligent interaction bracelet of claim 1, wherein, The bracelet and the vehicle body controller exchange and store each other's device identification when initially binding, and during the authentication process, the bracelet establishes a trusted communication channel with the vehicle body controller based on the device identification.

4. The vehicle intelligent interaction bracelet of claim 3, wherein, The vehicle body controller randomly generates a security credential at each authentication request and sends it to the bracelet through the trusted communication channel; the main control module processes the security credential using an encryption algorithm and returns it to the vehicle body controller for verification.

5. The intelligent interactive bracelet of claim 1, wherein, The interaction and feedback module includes a display screen, physical buttons, and an alarm unit. The vehicle state information includes at least one of vehicle energy state, tire state, or door state. The vehicle control instructions include at least one of air conditioning control instructions, trunk control instructions, or car search prompt instructions.

6. The vehicle intelligent interaction bracelet of claim 1, wherein, The multi-user management function is authorized and bound by touching the near-field communication induction area of the vehicle body controller through the near-field authentication unit of the bracelet, and the binding process is confirmed by the authorized user through the vehicle-mounted human-machine interface. Authorized bracelets support collaborative authorization operation, and any bracelet with authorization permission can issue a temporary access token to other bracelets, which contains the controlled function range and valid time, and makes the authorized bracelet execute corresponding vehicle control operation under limited conditions after verification by the vehicle body controller.

7. The intelligent interactive bracelet of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a power module that supports non-contact charging and automatically disables high-power authentication units when the power is below a preset threshold, leaving only the near-field authentication unit to perform offline emergency authentication.

8. The vehicle intelligent interaction bracelet of claim 1, wherein, The main control module is also configured to dynamically adjust the selection strategy of the primary authentication path and the backup authentication path according to environmental context information or user historical behavior data.

9. A vehicle intelligent interaction system, characterized in that, The vehicle intelligent interaction bracelet according to any one of claims 1-8 and a vehicle-mounted end are included. The vehicle-mounted end includes a wireless communication module, a near-field read-write module, and a vehicle body controller connected to the vehicle on-board network. The vehicle body controller is configured to: in response to an authentication request of the bracelet, generate a dynamic security credential and send it through the wireless communication module; receive the encrypted credential returned by the bracelet and verify it; and send operation instructions to the vehicle execution unit after verification. The vehicle body controller is further configured to: in a multi-user authorization mode, exchange device identifiers with a new bracelet through the near-field read-write module, and complete two-way binding after the authorized user confirms through the vehicle-mounted human-machine interface.

10. A vehicle intelligent interaction method, characterized in that, The method is applied to the vehicle intelligent interaction bracelet of any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises the following steps: In response to a wearing operation or an authentication operation of the user on the bracelet, triggering a vehicle identity authentication process; The bracelet receives a dynamic security credential issued by the vehicle body controller, and performs a double authentication operation in combination with a multi-modal authentication module of the bracelet, the double authentication operation including a main authentication path and a backup authentication path, and the backup authentication path is automatically enabled when the main authentication path fails; After successful authentication, the bracelet establishes a two-way data channel with the vehicle-mounted main control unit through the vehicle-mounted network, receives vehicle state information, and sends control instructions in response to user input; In a multi-user scenario, the bracelet and the vehicle body controller are paired and bound through near-field communication, realizing fast user authorization without collecting biological characteristics.

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