Hydrogen supply pipe monitoring system with pressure sensing and safety monitoring and early warning method

Abstract

The application discloses a hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing and a safety monitoring and early warning method, and relates to the field of hydrogen pipeline monitoring systems.The hydrogen pipeline monitoring system comprises a distributed optical fiber sensing network, a decoupling and processing unit, and an early warning judgment module.The distributed optical fiber sensing network comprises an optical fiber and an optical fiber grating sensor.The decoupling and processing unit is used for receiving reflected light wavelength shift signals, separating wavelength shift components that are exclusively related to pressure changes through a decoupling algorithm, and calculating real-time hydrogen pressure values along the hydrogen pipeline based on a preset pressure-wavelength relationship model.The early warning judgment module is used for comparing the real-time hydrogen pressure values with a preset pressure safety threshold range in real time, and generating and sending a pressure anomaly early warning signal when the real-time hydrogen pressure values exceed the pressure safety threshold range.The application uses optical fiber sensing technology to remotely monitor and warn the hydrogen pipeline with pressure sensing, discovers leaks in a timely manner, facilitates pipeline maintenance and repair, and saves use costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of pipeline monitoring, specifically to a hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing capabilities and a method for safety monitoring and early warning. Background Technology

[0002] Among numerous hydrogen transportation technologies, pipeline hydrogen transport has become one of the key pathways to solving the challenges of hydrogen transportation due to its significant economic advantages and technological maturity. Compared with traditional methods such as high-pressure bottled transport, cryogenic liquid hydrogen transport, and chemical carrier transport, pipeline hydrogen transport has comprehensive advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, and low energy consumption in large-scale, continuous, and long-distance transportation. Therefore, ensuring the safety of pipeline transportation is particularly important.

[0003] However, facing the development needs of large-scale hydrogen pipeline transportation, technological bottlenecks and engineering challenges cannot be ignored. First, hydrogen molecules have extremely small diameters, making them highly susceptible to leakage through the microscopic pores or defects in pipeline materials. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop advanced pipeline materials and structural designs with high barrier properties and resistance to hydrogen permeation. Second, hydrogen embrittlement is a core issue affecting the service safety of metal hydrogen pipelines. Especially under complex operating conditions such as high pressure and low temperature, hydrogen atoms easily accumulate inside the material, inducing cracks, reducing mechanical strength, and seriously threatening the long-term safe and stable operation of the hydrogen transportation system.

[0004] While traditional pressure sensors can meet the pressure monitoring requirements, they have significant shortcomings in hydrogen environments, such as the risk of electrical sparks, hydrogen embrittlement leading to metal failure, difficulties in power supply over long distances, and high costs for regular calibration and maintenance. Summary of the Invention This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention provides a hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing capabilities and a method for safety monitoring and early warning.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing capability includes: A distributed optical fiber sensing network includes optical fibers and fiber Bragg grating sensors evenly distributed on the optical fibers. The optical fibers are spirally wound around the hydrogen transport pipeline. The fiber Bragg grating sensors collect the reflected light wavelength shift signal caused by the combined changes in hydrogen pressure and temperature inside the pipeline. The decoupling and processing unit is used to receive the reflected light wavelength offset signal, separate the wavelength offset component that is specific to the pressure change through the decoupling algorithm, and calculate the real-time hydrogen pressure value at at least one monitoring point along the hydrogen pipeline based on the preset pressure-wavelength relationship model. The early warning judgment module is used to compare the real-time hydrogen pressure value with the preset pressure safety threshold range in real time. When the real-time hydrogen pressure value exceeds the pressure safety threshold range, a pressure abnormality early warning signal is generated and issued. The early warning signal includes the abnormal pressure value and its corresponding pipeline location information.

[0006] A hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This application utilizes fiber optic sensing technology to remotely monitor and warn of pressure in the proposed hydrogen pipeline with pressure sensing capabilities, enabling timely detection of leaks, facilitating pipeline maintenance and repair, and saving operating costs. The warning signal not only includes abnormal pressure values ​​but also the location information of the anomaly, allowing maintenance personnel to directly and quickly locate the problematic pipeline section, greatly shortening emergency response time, which is crucial for long-distance hydrogen pipelines.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the decoupling and processing unit includes: A fiber optic grating demodulator is used to demodulate the reflected light signal from the sensor network into a corresponding wavelength digital signal. A data processor, connected to the fiber Bragg grating demodulator, is used to receive the wavelength digital signal and perform decoupling processing and pressure value calculation.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the distributed optical fiber sensor network is deployed along the axial direction of the pipeline with a preset spatial resolution to form a dense sensor array; The hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing also includes a leak location module, used for: When an abnormal pressure is detected, the time difference of the negative pressure wave generated by the leak point propagating to different fiber Bragg grating sensors is analyzed. Based on the time difference and the propagation speed of the negative pressure wave in the pipeline medium, the location of the leakage event on the pipeline is calculated and determined.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a data storage module is used to record historical pressure data, including the number of pressure cycles, pressure peak value, and pressure holding time; The hydrogen embrittlement risk assessment module, based on the historical pressure data, real-time pressure data, and pre-stored hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity parameters of the pipeline material, calculates and outputs the hydrogen embrittlement damage accumulation factor or the predicted value of the remaining fatigue life for one or more key monitoring points in real time through a fatigue cumulative damage model.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the section where the annual variation of the ambient temperature of the hydrogen pipeline is less than a preset threshold, the distributed optical fiber sensing network is only equipped with fiber grating sensors for sensing the combined pressure and temperature, and pressure decoupling calculation is performed using the average ambient temperature. In areas with drastic temperature changes, a temperature compensation sensor or a temperature-sensitive optical fiber is added and paired with the fiber Bragg grating sensor to perform real-time temperature compensation decoupling.

[0011] A safety monitoring and early warning method for hydrogen transportation pipelines according to a second aspect of the present invention includes the following steps: A distributed fiber optic grating sensor network deployed along the hydrogen pipeline was used to collect the reflected light wavelength shift signal caused by the combined effects of changes in hydrogen pressure and temperature inside the pipeline. The wavelength offset signal is decoupled to separate the wavelength offset component that is specific to the pressure change, and the real-time hydrogen pressure value at at least one monitoring point along the hydrogen pipeline is calculated based on the preset pressure-wavelength calibration relationship. The real-time hydrogen pressure value is compared with the preset pressure safety threshold range in real time; When the real-time hydrogen pressure value is determined to exceed the pressure safety threshold range, a pressure anomaly warning signal is generated and issued, wherein the warning signal includes the abnormal pressure value and its corresponding location information on the pipeline.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor network is deployed along the axial direction of the pipe with high spatial resolution; The safety monitoring and early warning method also includes a leak location step: When an abnormal pressure is detected, the time point at which the negative pressure wave generated by the leak point propagates to different sensors is identified. Calculate the time difference of the negative pressure wave arriving at different sensors based on the stated time points; Based on the time difference and the propagation speed of the negative pressure wave in the hydrogen-containing medium, the location of the leak event on the pipeline is determined.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, it further includes: The historical pressure data of the hydrogen transport pipeline is continuously recorded and stored, including pressure cycle load spectrum, pressure peak value and duration. Based on the historical pressure data, real-time pressure data, and pre-stored fatigue performance parameters of pipeline materials in a hydrogen environment, the hydrogen embrittlement damage accumulation factor or remaining fatigue life prediction value of one or more key monitoring points is calculated in real time using a pre-set damage accumulation model. A hydrogen embrittlement risk warning is issued when the damage accumulation factor exceeds the safety threshold or the remaining fatigue life is lower than the maintenance threshold.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the decoupling process is performed differently depending on the actual ambient temperature conditions of different sections of the pipeline: For pipeline sections where the ambient temperature field is stable and the annual variation is less than a preset threshold, a fixed ambient temperature reference value is used to perform pressure decoupling calculation on the wavelength offset signal. For pipeline sections where the ambient temperature changes drastically, a temperature compensation sensor is added to obtain the real-time temperature value, and this real-time temperature value is used to perform dynamic pressure decoupling calculation on the wavelength offset signal.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, deploying a sensor network includes: A first type of sensor is deployed along the principal stress direction of the hydrogen transport pipeline, which is mainly used to sense the thin film strain caused by internal pressure. A second type of sensor is deployed at an angle different from the principal stress direction, which is used to sense local bending strain or strain concentration in the pipeline. The safety monitoring and early warning method also includes a damage correlation analysis step: Correlation analysis was performed on the pressure data calculated by the first type of sensor and the strain data sensed by the second type of sensor in the same pipeline area during the same time period; When the analysis results indicate that the pressure data is within the normal range, but the local strain data shows abnormal concentration, drift, or decoupling from pressure changes, an early warning indicating potential structural damage is generated.

[0016] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible composite pipeline structure; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a spirally wound optical fiber structure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing capabilities. Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a safety monitoring and early warning method for hydrogen transportation pipelines. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0020] In the description of this invention, "multiple" refers to two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or their sequential relationship.

[0021] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0023] This embodiment uses a 5-kilometer-long hydrogen pipeline as the monitoring object. The pipeline is a flexible composite pipeline 100 reinforced with composite materials.

[0024] Reference Figures 1 to 3 The flexible composite pipe 100 has a multi-layer structure, including: a structural layer 110, made of thermoplastic material extruded and in direct contact with the transport medium; a barrier layer 120, which prevents hydrogen from permeating out of the pipe; both the structural layer 110 and the barrier layer 120 are inner lining layers; a reinforcing layer 130, usually made of carbon fiber or glass fiber wound together, which is the main load-bearing structural layer of the pipe; and a covering layer 140, which prevents external wear, corrosion, or mechanical damage. The optical fiber is spirally wound synchronously with the reinforcing fiber, allowing for the customization of a multi-point fiber optic grating string sensor based on the desired measurement point locations. Measurement objectives are achieved by designing an appropriate grating spacing.

[0025] In a hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing capabilities, a fiber Bragg grating demodulator 200 is used to accurately measure the reflected wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating sensor 150. The demodulator 200 is connected to a computer via a network cable to facilitate signal data transmission. On the computer, the sensor signal is converted into pressure information using an algorithm, and a pressure threshold is set. When the pressure value is lower or higher than the set threshold, the system issues an early warning signal to alert personnel for maintenance. Generally, when the monitored pressure exceeds ±20% of the pipeline's operating pressure, an early warning is issued indicating a pipeline abnormality, and personnel are dispatched for maintenance.

[0026] The schematic diagram of this monitoring system is shown below. Starting with the pipeline transport of hydrogen, the wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating sensor 150 changes. The fiber Bragg grating demodulator 200 collects the wavelength signal from the sensor 150 and transmits it to the monitoring computer via a network cable. The monitoring computer then converts the wavelength signal data into pressure signal data. If the wavelength contains information about the temperature-sensitive fiber Bragg grating sensor 150, the temperature-induced wavelength change needs to be subtracted before converting it back to pressure. Finally, the system determines whether the real-time pressure value exceeds a pressure threshold. If the pressure exceeds the threshold, it indicates an abnormal pipeline condition and dispatches personnel for maintenance; if the pressure does not exceed the threshold, it indicates a normal pipeline condition and no maintenance is required. By utilizing fiber optic sensing technology for remote pressure monitoring and early warning of the proposed pressure-sensing flexible composite pipeline 100, pipeline maintenance and repair are facilitated, and operating costs are reduced.

[0027] In other embodiments, a hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing includes a distributed optical fiber sensor network, a decoupling and processing unit, and an early warning judgment module. The distributed optical fiber sensor network includes optical fibers and fiber optic grating sensors 150 evenly distributed on the optical fibers. The optical fibers are wound around the hydrogen pipeline. The fiber optic grating sensors 150 collect the reflected light wavelength shift signal caused by the combined changes in hydrogen pressure and temperature inside the pipeline. The decoupling and processing unit is used to receive the reflected light wavelength offset signal and separate the wavelength offset component that is specific to the pressure change through the decoupling algorithm. Based on the preset pressure-wavelength relationship model, the real-time hydrogen pressure value of at least one monitoring point along the hydrogen pipeline is calculated. The early warning and judgment module compares the real-time hydrogen pressure value with the preset pressure safety threshold range in real time. When the real-time hydrogen pressure value exceeds the pressure safety threshold range, it generates and issues a pressure anomaly early warning signal. The early warning signal not only includes the abnormal pressure value but also the location information of the anomaly, enabling maintenance personnel to directly and quickly locate the problematic pipeline section, greatly shortening the emergency response time, which is crucial for long-distance hydrogen transportation pipelines.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the decoupling and processing unit includes a fiber Bragg grating demodulator 200 and a data processor 300. The fiber Bragg grating demodulator 200 is used to demodulate the reflected light signal from the sensor network into a corresponding wavelength digital signal. The data processor 300, connected to the fiber Bragg grating demodulator 200, is used to receive the wavelength digital signal and perform decoupling processing and pressure value calculation. The data processor 300 can specifically be a computer.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a distributed optical fiber sensor network is deployed along the axial direction of the pipeline with a preset spatial resolution to form a dense sensor array; The hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing also includes a leak location module, used for: When an abnormal pressure is detected, the time difference of the negative pressure wave generated by the leak point propagating to different fiber Bragg grating sensors 150 is analyzed. Based on the time difference and the propagation speed of negative pressure waves in the pipeline medium, the location of the leak event on the pipeline is calculated and determined. By analyzing the time difference of the negative pressure wave arriving at the dense sensor array, the leak point can be quickly located with meter-level accuracy, solving the global problem of traditional monitoring methods being insensitive to minor leaks and difficult to locate. Furthermore, it can issue an alarm in the early stages of a leak, before a significant drop in pressure occurs, buying valuable time for proactive valve shutdown and initiation of emergency procedures, significantly reducing the safety and environmental risks and economic losses caused by hydrogen leaks.

[0030] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a data storage module is used to record historical pressure data, including the number of pressure cycles, pressure peak value, and pressure holding time; The hydrogen embrittlement risk assessment module, based on historical pressure data, real-time pressure data, and pre-stored hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity parameters of pipeline materials, uses a fatigue cumulative damage model to calculate and output the hydrogen embrittlement damage accumulation factor or remaining fatigue life prediction value for one or more key monitoring points in real time. This module transforms real-time and historical pressure data into intuitive "hydrogen embrittlement damage accumulation factor" or "remaining life," enabling safety management to move from qualitative to quantitative approaches.

[0031] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in sections where the annual variation of ambient temperature in the hydrogen pipeline is less than a preset threshold, the distributed optical fiber sensing network is only deployed with fiber grating sensors 150 for sensing the combined pressure and temperature, and pressure decoupling calculation is performed using the average ambient temperature. In areas with drastic temperature changes, a temperature compensation sensor or a temperature-sensitive optical fiber is added and paired with the fiber optic grating sensor 150 for real-time temperature compensation and decoupling.

[0032] This embodiment targets buried pipe sections with stable temperatures, eliminating the need for expensive temperature sensors or dedicated temperature-measuring optical fibers. It employs a simplified decoupling algorithm, significantly reducing the material and installation costs of the sensor network while maintaining engineering accuracy. This avoids using unnecessary sensitive devices in unnecessarily areas, reducing potential failure points, making the system design more aligned with actual engineering conditions, and improving overall reliability.

[0033] Reference Figure 4 According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, a method for safety monitoring and early warning of hydrogen transportation pipelines includes the following steps: Step S100: The reflected light wavelength shift signal caused by the combined changes in hydrogen pressure and temperature inside the hydrogen pipeline is collected by a distributed fiber optic grating sensor 150 network deployed along the hydrogen pipeline. Step S200: Decouple the wavelength offset signal, separate the wavelength offset component that is specific to the pressure change, and calculate the real-time hydrogen pressure value at at least one monitoring point along the hydrogen pipeline based on the preset pressure-wavelength calibration relationship. Step S300: Compare the real-time hydrogen pressure value with the preset pressure safety threshold range in real time; Step S400: When it is determined that the real-time hydrogen pressure value exceeds the pressure safety threshold range, a pressure abnormality warning signal is generated and issued, wherein the warning signal contains the abnormal pressure value and its corresponding location information on the pipeline.

[0034] This method utilizes a fiber optic grating sensor 150 to monitor pressure. It is inherently safe, highly resistant to interference, has a long lifespan, and can sense multiple parameters in hydrogen-rich environments, meeting the requirements of hydrogen transportation scenarios. Simultaneously, its remote monitoring function can provide real-time feedback on the pipeline structure's operational status, issuing early warnings at the first sign of emergencies, facilitating pipeline maintenance and repair, and saving operating costs.

[0035] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor 150 network is deployed along the axial direction of the pipe with high spatial resolution; Safety monitoring and early warning methods also include leak location steps: When an abnormal pressure is detected, the time point at which the negative pressure wave generated by the leak point propagates to different sensors is identified. Calculate the time difference of the negative pressure wave arriving at different sensors based on the time points; Based on the time difference and the propagation speed of the negative pressure wave in the hydrogen-containing medium, the location of the leak event on the pipeline was determined.

[0036] This method does not require additional acoustic or flow sensors; it can achieve high-precision positioning using only existing pressure sensing networks and algorithms. The method is efficient and inexpensive.

[0037] According to some embodiments of the present invention, it further includes: Continuously record and store historical pressure data for hydrogen pipelines, including pressure cycle load spectrum, pressure peak value, and duration; Based on historical pressure data, real-time pressure data, and pre-stored fatigue performance parameters of pipeline materials in a hydrogen environment, the hydrogen embrittlement damage accumulation factor or remaining fatigue life prediction value of one or more key monitoring points is calculated in real time through a pre-set damage accumulation model. A hydrogen embrittlement risk warning is issued when the damage accumulation factor exceeds the safety threshold or the remaining fatigue life falls below the maintenance threshold. Predictive maintenance data, such as hydrogen embrittlement risk assessment, is provided, significantly reducing anomaly detection and repair time. This application represents a leap from "passive response" to "proactive early warning and precise location," thereby enhancing safety.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the decoupling process is performed differently depending on the actual ambient temperature conditions of different sections of the pipeline: For pipeline sections where the ambient temperature field is stable and the annual variation is less than a preset threshold, a fixed ambient temperature reference value is used to perform pressure decoupling calculation on the wavelength offset signal. For pipeline sections where the ambient temperature changes drastically, a temperature compensation sensor is added to obtain the real-time temperature value, and this real-time temperature value is used to perform dynamic pressure decoupling calculation on the wavelength offset signal.

[0039] When hydrogen gas at a certain pressure (the working pressure of the pipeline) is transported in the pipeline, it causes a change in the reflected wavelength of the fiber optic grating sensor 150. However, temperature changes also cause a change in the reflected wavelength of the fiber optic grating sensor 150. Therefore, the fiber optic grating sensor 150 can be placed in the pipeline to monitor the temperature change of the transported hydrogen. The wavelength change caused by the pipeline pressure can be accurately obtained by subtracting the wavelength change caused by temperature from the wavelength change pre-embedded in the pipeline. If the temperature change in the application scenario is not significant, it is not necessary to add a fiber optic grating sensor 150 to monitor the temperature. The most economical and suitable decoupling accuracy strategy is adaptively selected according to the actual physical environment of different sections of the pipeline, demonstrating the high flexibility and economy of this method in engineering practice.

[0040] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the deployment of the sensor network includes deploying a first type of sensor along the principal stress direction of the hydrogen transport pipeline and deploying a second type of sensor at an angle different from the principal stress direction. The first type of sensor is mainly used to sense the membrane strain caused by internal pressure; the second type of sensor is used to sense the local bending strain or strain concentration of the pipeline. Safety monitoring and early warning methods also include damage correlation analysis steps: Correlation analysis was performed on pressure data calculated by the first type of sensor and strain data sensed by the second type of sensor in the same pipeline area during the same time period; When analysis results indicate that pressure data is within the normal range, but local strain data exhibits abnormal concentration, drift, or decoupling from pressure changes, an early warning indicating potential structural damage is generated. By employing a differentiated decoupling strategy, the overall system cost is reduced while maintaining the accuracy of the main monitoring.

[0041] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0042] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing capability, characterized in that, include: A distributed optical fiber sensing network includes optical fibers and fiber Bragg grating sensors evenly distributed on the optical fibers. The optical fibers are spirally wound around the hydrogen transport pipeline. The fiber Bragg grating sensors collect the reflected light wavelength shift signal caused by the combined changes in hydrogen pressure and temperature inside the pipeline. The decoupling and processing unit is used to receive the reflected light wavelength offset signal, separate the wavelength offset component that is specific to the pressure change through the decoupling algorithm, and calculate the real-time hydrogen pressure value at at least one monitoring point along the hydrogen pipeline based on the preset pressure-wavelength relationship model. The early warning judgment module is used to compare the real-time hydrogen pressure value with the preset pressure safety threshold range in real time. When the real-time hydrogen pressure value exceeds the pressure safety threshold range, a pressure abnormality early warning signal is generated and issued. The early warning signal includes the abnormal pressure value and its corresponding pipeline location information. The data storage module is used to record historical pressure data, including the number of pressure cycles, peak pressure, and holding time. The hydrogen embrittlement risk assessment module, based on the historical pressure data, real-time pressure data, and pre-stored hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity parameters of the pipeline material, calculates and outputs the hydrogen embrittlement damage accumulation factor or the remaining fatigue life prediction value of one or more key monitoring points in real time through the fatigue cumulative damage model. In the section where the annual temperature variation of the hydrogen pipeline is less than a preset threshold, the distributed optical fiber sensing network is only equipped with fiber grating sensors for sensing the combined pressure and temperature, and pressure decoupling calculation is performed using the average ambient temperature. In areas where ambient temperature changes drastically, a temperature compensation sensor or a temperature-sensitive optical fiber is added and paired with the fiber Bragg grating sensor to perform real-time temperature compensation decoupling. Deploying the distributed fiber optic sensor network includes: A first type of sensor is deployed along the principal stress direction of the hydrogen transport pipeline to sense the thin film strain caused by internal pressure. A second type of sensor is deployed at an angle different from the principal stress direction, which is used to sense local bending strain or strain concentration in the pipeline. Correlation analysis was performed on the pressure data calculated by the first type of sensor and the strain data sensed by the second type of sensor in the same pipeline area during the same time period; When the analysis results indicate that the pressure data is within the normal range, but the local strain data shows abnormal concentration, drift, or decoupling from pressure changes, an early warning indicating potential structural damage is generated.

2. The hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decoupling and processing unit includes: A fiber optic grating demodulator is used to demodulate the reflected light wavelength offset signal transmitted from the distributed optical fiber sensing network into a corresponding wavelength digital signal. The data processor, connected to the fiber Bragg grating demodulator, is used to receive the wavelength digital signal and perform decoupling processing and real-time hydrogen pressure calculation.

3. The hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed optical fiber sensor network is deployed along the pipeline axis with a preset spatial resolution to form a dense sensor array. The hydrogen pipeline monitoring system with pressure sensing also includes a leak location module, used for: When an abnormal pressure is detected, the time difference of the negative pressure wave generated by the leak point propagating to different fiber Bragg grating sensors is analyzed. Based on the time difference and the propagation speed of the negative pressure wave in the pipeline medium, the location of the leakage event on the pipeline is calculated and determined.

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