Laser blasting device and method capable of detecting optical path loss

Abstract

The invention relates to a laser blasting device and method capable of detecting optical path loss, laser generated by a pulse laser device is propagated in an optical fiber through an optical fiber connector, the laser in the optical fiber is coupled through an optical fiber coupler and passes through a beam expander and a beam splitter prism, and a transmission beam after beam splitting enters an optical path detection system; and the reflected light beam passes through the focusing lens and the optical lens and is finally focused at the upper part in the gas storage cylinder close to the optical lens part to induce the gas in the gas storage cylinder to generate high-temperature plasma. High-pressure gas is induced by laser to generate high-temperature plasma, optical path loss is detected in real time by an optical path detection system, the plasma is enhanced in an auxiliary manner by a magnetic field and is more stable, and the high-temperature plasma enables the gas to be heated and rapidly expanded so as to generate explosion. According to the laser blasting device and method capable of detecting the optical path loss, the safety risk in the blasting process is reduced, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the controllability of blasting operation is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of blasting devices, in particular to a laser blasting device and method capable of detecting light path loss. BACKGROUND

[0002] In some specific fields, such as mining, geological exploration and construction engineering, blasting technology is often used to break hard rocks or structures. Although the traditional blasting method has significant effect, it has safety hazards and environmental pollution problems, therefore, researchers have begun to seek safer and more environmentally friendly blasting technology.

[0003] As an alternative technology, high-pressure gas blasting uses the expansion force of high-pressure gas to achieve blasting effect. During the high-pressure gas blasting process, liquid carbon dioxide is compressed into the blasting cylinder by a high-pressure pump. When a micro-current passes through a high-thermal-conductivity rod, a high temperature is generated to break the safety film, instantly gasifying the liquid carbon dioxide, which rapidly expands to produce a high-pressure shock wave to automatically open the pressure relief valve. The volume of the liquid carbon dioxide rapidly expands when it absorbs heat and gasifies, causing the rock mass to open. This method has the advantages of high safety and low environmental pollution, but also has some disadvantages, such as relatively low blasting efficiency and high equipment cost. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the technical defects and improvement needs of the existing technology, the present application provides a laser blasting device and method capable of detecting light path loss, which aims to solve the technical problems of low blasting efficiency, low safety and poor controllability of the existing technology.

[0005] The present application achieves the above technical purpose by the following technical means: A laser blasting device capable of detecting light path loss, comprising a pulse laser, a fiber connector, a fiber coupler, a beam expander, a beam splitter prism, a focusing mirror, an optical lens and a gas cylinder arranged in sequence, wherein the beam splitter prism is further provided with a light path detection system; The pulse laser is connected to the fiber coupler through the fiber connector. The laser generated by the pulse laser propagates in the fiber through the fiber connector. The fiber coupler couples the laser in the fiber and sequentially passes through the beam expander and the beam splitter prism. The transmitted beam after beam splitting by the beam splitter prism enters the light path detection system. The reflected beam after beam splitting by the beam splitter prism passes through the focusing mirror and the optical lens and is focused in the upper part of the gas cylinder near the optical lens, inducing the gas in the gas cylinder to generate high-temperature plasma; An I-shaped magnet is arranged in the gas cylinder corresponding to the optical lens; An air inlet valve and an air outlet valve are installed on the gas cylinder. An air pump is installed on the air inlet valve. The pulse laser, the light path detection system, the air pump, the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are connected to a control system.

[0006] Further, the light path detection system comprises a photodetector and a wireless signal transceiver, and the photodetector is connected with the wireless signal transceiver.

[0007] Further, the pulse laser has a wavelength of 193nm-1064nm, a pulse width of 50fs-10ns, a pulse frequency of 1-10Hz, and an average power of 10-100W.

[0008] Further, the I-type magnets are distributed around the laser focus point inside the gas cylinder.

[0009] Further, the energy transmittance of the light splitting prism is 10%-20%, and the reflectivity is 90%-80%.

[0010] Further, the reflectivity of the optical lens is ≤5%.

[0011] Further, the control system is a high-performance computer with wireless signal transceiver function, and the control system controls the pulse laser, the light path detection system, the gas pump, the air inlet valve, and the air outlet valve through wireless signals.

[0012] A laser blasting method capable of detecting light path loss, comprising the following steps: Step 1, build the laser blasting device capable of detecting light path loss, confirm that the gas cylinder has good airtightness, and establish a wireless signal connection between the control system and the gas pump, the air inlet valve, the air outlet valve, and the light path detection system; Step 2, turn on the pulse laser through the control system and run it in an extremely low power state, the laser enters the light path detection system, the photodetector converts the detected optical signal into an electrical signal, the wireless signal receiver converts the electrical signal into a wireless signal and sends it to the control system, the control system restores the light beam power by calculation and compares it with the preset light beam power to obtain the loss power in the light path; Step 3, put the pulse laser into standby state through the control system, then open the air inlet valve, the air outlet valve, and the gas pump in turn, deliver gas into the gas cylinder for a certain period of time, then close the air outlet valve and continue to deliver gas into the gas cylinder; Step 4, close the air inlet valve and the gas pump through the control system, and disconnect the connecting pipeline between the gas pump and the air inlet valve; Step 5, the control system calculates the laser power required to be output by the pulse laser through the obtained light path loss data and the power required to induce the gas in the gas cylinder to generate plasma, opens the pulse laser to output pulse laser at the calculated laser power, the pulse laser beam is focused in the gas cylinder to induce the gas in the cylinder to generate high-temperature plasma, under the assistance of the magnetic field of the I-type magnet, the high-temperature plasma stably exists and is enhanced, and under the action of the magnetic field, it further moves to the inside of the gas cylinder, and the gas in the cylinder rapidly expands under high temperature to form blasting.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 3, gas is first supplied into the gas storage cylinder for 1-2 minutes, then the exhaust valve is closed and gas is supplied into the gas storage cylinder for another 5-10 minutes.

[0014] Furthermore, if no explosion occurs within a certain time in step 5, the exhaust valve is opened using the control system to release the gas in the storage cylinder to safely eliminate potential hazards.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The laser blasting device and method with detectable optical path loss provided by the present invention generates plasma by inducing gas with laser, and uses an optical path detection system to detect the optical path loss caused by the long-distance optical fiber propagation of laser. This allows for more precise control of energy transfer and release, improving energy utilization efficiency. At the same time, the auxiliary effect of the magnetic field can further enhance the energy density and blasting effect of the plasma, making the blasting more effective and controllable.

[0016] 2. The laser blasting device and method for detecting optical path loss provided by the present invention does not require the use and storage of large amounts of chemical explosives, does not produce harmful chemical substances, has less impact on the environment and reduces safety risks, while also reducing material costs and waste caused by excessive fragmentation.

[0017] 3. The laser blasting device and method with detectable optical path loss provided by the present invention can be used in flammable and explosive environments because it does not involve open flames or electric sparks, which improves its application potential in specific environments. Moreover, the blasting process is controlled by remote equipment, which increases the flexibility and safety of operation. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the laser blasting device of the present invention capable of detecting optical path loss; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the laser blasting method for detecting optical path loss according to the present invention.

[0019] Among them, 1-pulse laser; 2-fiber optic connector; 3-fiber optic coupler; 4-beam expander; 5-beam splitter; 6-optical path detection system; 7-focusing lens; 8-optical lens; 9-type I magnet; 10-plasma; 11-gas cylinder; 12-exhaust valve; 13-inlet valve; 14-gas pump; 15-control system. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, advantages and features of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] likeFigure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a laser blasting device capable of detecting optical path loss, comprising a pulsed laser 1, an optical fiber connector 2, an optical fiber coupler 3, a beam expander 4, a beam splitter 5, a focusing lens 7, an optical lens 8, and a gas cylinder 11 arranged sequentially. The beam splitter 5 is also equipped with an optical path detection system 6, which includes a photodetector and a wireless transceiver. The photodetector is connected to the wireless transceiver. The pulsed laser 1 is connected to the optical fiber coupler 3 via the optical fiber connector 2. The laser generated by the pulsed laser 1 propagates through the optical fiber via the optical fiber connector 2, and the optical fiber coupler 3 couples the laser within the optical fiber, which then passes sequentially through the beam expander 4 and the beam splitter 5. The transmitted beam after being split by the beam splitter 5 enters the optical path detection system 6. The reflected beam after being split by the beam splitter 5 passes through the focusing lens 7 and the optical lens 8 and is focused inside the gas storage cylinder 11 near the optical lens 8, inducing the gas inside the gas storage cylinder 11 to generate high-temperature plasma 10. Type I magnets 9 are provided inside the gas storage cylinder 11 in the part corresponding to the optical lens 8. The Type I magnets 9 are distributed around the laser focusing point inside the gas storage cylinder 11. An air inlet valve 13 and an air outlet valve 12 are installed on the gas storage cylinder 11. An air pump 14 is installed on the air inlet valve 13. The pulsed laser 1, the optical path detection system 6, the air pump 14, the air inlet valve 13, and the air outlet valve 12 are all connected to the control system 15.

[0023] The pulsed laser 1 described in this embodiment has a laser wavelength of 193nm-1064nm, a pulse width of 50fs-10ns, a pulse frequency of 1-10Hz, and an average power of 10-100W. Preferably, the pulsed laser 1 has a wavelength of 1064nm, a pulse width of 300fs, a pulse frequency of 10Hz, and an average power of 20W.

[0024] The beam splitter 5 described in this embodiment has an energy transmittance of 10%-20% and a reflectance of 90%-80%. Preferably, the energy transmittance of the beam splitter 5 is 10% and the reflectance is 90%.

[0025] The reflectivity of the optical lens 8 in this embodiment is ≤5%, preferably 3%.

[0026] The control system 15 in this embodiment is a high-performance computer with wireless signal transceiver function. The control system 15 uses wireless signals to control the pulse laser 1, the optical path detection system 6, the air pump 14, the air inlet valve 13, and the air outlet valve 12 to work respectively.

[0027] The gas storage cylinder 11 in this embodiment is made of aluminum alloy. The high-pressure gas supplied by the gas storage cylinder 11 can be carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, etc. Preferably, oxygen is selected as the high-pressure gas to be input into the gas storage cylinder 11.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a laser blasting method capable of detecting optical path loss, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Build the laser blasting device with detectable optical path loss as described in Example 1, confirm that the gas cylinder 11 is airtight, adjust the angle of the reflector to ensure that the reflected beam is perpendicular to the surface of the optical lens 8, and establish a wireless signal connection between the control system 15 and the air pump 14, the air inlet valve 13, the air outlet valve 12 and the optical path detection system 6. Step 2: Turn on the pulsed laser 1 through the control system 15 and set the laser power to 10W. The laser enters the optical path detection system 6. The photodetector converts the detected optical signal into an electrical signal. The wireless signal receiver then converts the electrical signal into a wireless signal and sends it to the control system 15. The control system 15 calculates the restored beam power and compares it with the preset beam power to obtain the loss power in the optical path. Step 3: Put the pulse laser 1 into standby mode through the control system 15, and then open the inlet valve 13, the exhaust valve 12 and the air pump 14 in sequence to deliver gas into the gas storage bottle 11 for 1-2 minutes, then close the exhaust valve 12 and continue to deliver gas into the gas storage bottle 11 for 5-10 minutes. Step 4: Close the intake valve 13 and the air pump 14 through the control system 15, and disconnect the connection pipeline between the air pump 14 and the intake valve 13. Step 5: The control system 15 calculates the laser power required to be output by the pulsed laser 1 based on the obtained optical path loss data and the power required to induce the gas in the gas storage cylinder 11 to generate plasma 10. The pulsed laser 1 is turned on to output pulsed laser at the calculated laser power. The pulsed laser beam is focused inside the gas storage cylinder 11 to induce the gas inside the cylinder to generate high-temperature plasma 10. With the assistance of the magnetic field of the type I magnet 9, the high-temperature plasma 10 exists stably and is enhanced. Under the action of the magnetic field, it moves further into the gas storage cylinder 11. The gas inside the cylinder expands rapidly due to the high temperature and forms an explosion. If an explosion does not occur within a certain time, the control system 15 opens the exhaust valve 12 to discharge the gas inside the gas storage cylinder 11 to safely eliminate potential hazards.

[0030] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of substitutions or changes to obtain other embodiments based on the above embodiments, and these should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser blasting device capable of detecting optical path loss, characterized in that, The system includes a pulsed laser, an optical fiber connector, an optical fiber coupler, a beam expander, a beam splitter, a focusing lens, an optical lens, and a gas storage cylinder, arranged in sequence. The beam splitter is also equipped with an optical path detection system. The pulsed laser is connected to the fiber optic coupler via a fiber optic connector. The laser generated by the pulsed laser propagates in the fiber optic cable through the fiber optic connector. The laser in the fiber optic cable is coupled and passes through the beam expander and beam splitter in sequence. The transmitted beam after being split by the beam splitter enters the optical path detection system. The reflected beam after being split by the beam splitter passes through the focusing lens and the optical lens and is focused in the upper part of the gas storage bottle near the optical lens, inducing the gas in the gas storage bottle to generate high temperature plasma. A type I magnet is installed inside the gas storage cylinder in the part corresponding to the optical lens; The gas cylinder is equipped with an inlet valve and an exhaust valve. An air pump is installed on the inlet valve. The pulsed laser, optical path detection system, air pump, inlet valve, and exhaust valve are all connected to the control system.

2. The laser blasting device capable of detecting optical path loss as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The optical path detection system includes a photodetector and a wireless transceiver, with the photodetector connected to the wireless transceiver.

3. The laser blasting device capable of detecting optical path loss as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pulsed laser has a wavelength of 193nm-1064nm, a pulse width of 50fs-10ns, a pulse frequency of 1-10Hz, and an average power of 10-100W.

4. The laser blasting device capable of detecting optical path loss as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The type I magnets are distributed around the laser focusing point inside the gas cylinder.

5. A laser blasting device capable of detecting optical path loss as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The energy transmittance of the beam splitter is 10%-20%, and the reflectance is 90%-80%.

6. The laser blasting device capable of detecting optical path loss as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reflectivity of the optical lens is ≤5%.

7. A laser blasting device capable of detecting optical path loss as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control system is a high-performance computer with wireless signal transceiver capabilities. The control system uses wireless signals to control the pulsed laser, optical path detection system, air pump, air inlet valve, and air outlet valve respectively.

8. A laser blasting method capable of detecting optical path loss, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct the laser blasting device with detectable optical path loss as described in any one of claims 1-7, and confirm that the gas storage cylinder has good airtightness; Step 2: The pulsed laser is turned on by the control system and runs in an extremely low power state. The laser enters the optical path detection system. The photodetector converts the detected optical signal into an electrical signal. The wireless signal receiver then converts the electrical signal into a wireless signal and sends it to the control system. The control system calculates the restored beam power and compares it with the preset beam power to obtain the loss power in the optical path. Step 3: Put the pulse laser into standby mode through the control system, and then open the inlet valve, exhaust valve and air pump in sequence to deliver gas into the gas storage bottle for a certain period of time. After that, close the exhaust valve and continue to deliver gas into the gas storage bottle. Step 4: Close the intake valve and air pump through the control system, and disconnect the connection pipeline between the air pump and the intake valve; Step 5: The control system calculates the laser power required to be output by the pulsed laser based on the obtained optical path loss data and the power required to induce plasma generation in the gas storage cylinder. The pulsed laser is turned on and outputs pulsed laser at the calculated laser power. The pulsed laser beam is focused inside the gas storage cylinder to induce the gas inside the cylinder to generate high-temperature plasma. With the assistance of the magnetic field of the type I magnet, the high-temperature plasma exists stably and is enhanced. Under the action of the magnetic field, it moves further into the gas storage cylinder. The gas inside the cylinder expands rapidly due to the high temperature and forms an explosion.

9. A laser blasting method for detecting optical path loss as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In step 3, gas is first pumped into the gas cylinder for 1-2 minutes, then the exhaust valve is closed and gas is pumped into the gas cylinder for another 5-10 minutes.

10. A laser blasting method for detecting optical path loss as described in claim 8, characterized in that, If no explosion occurs within a certain time in step 5, the exhaust valve is opened using the control system to release the gas in the storage cylinder and safely eliminate the potential hazard.

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