Airborne communication navigation monitoring integrated simulation system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-mode airborne aviation communication navigation monitoring comprehensive simulation system and method, and the system takes a main control module as a core processing center, and is responsible for data collection, instruction distribution, and parameter configuration and storage. The system integrates a VHF / UHF communication module, a DME navigation module, a monitoring module and a GPS / INS navigation module. Wherein the VHF / UHF communication module, the DME navigation module and the monitoring module all adopt a unified highly integrated hardware architecture, the core of the VHF / UHF communication module, the DME navigation module and the monitoring module is a signal processor integrated with an FPGA and a DSP and a chip with analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog conversion and radio frequency transceiving functions, and the VHF / UHF communication module, the DME navigation module and the monitoring module are respectively connected with a UV antenna, a DME antenna and a monitoring antenna; and the GPS / INS navigation module is connected with the GPS antenna. The system integrates communication, navigation and monitoring functions through a highly integrated unified hardware architecture, solves the problems that traditional equipment is discrete and poor in collaboration, and improves the test efficiency and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of avionics testing and simulation technology, specifically to an integrated simulation system and method for airborne communication, navigation, and surveillance. Background Technology

[0002] The aviation system mainly consists of three major systems: communication, navigation, and surveillance. The aviation system can monitor and manage air traffic in real time, ensuring the safety of aircraft during takeoff, flight, and landing. It is the key to safe, orderly, and efficient aviation operations.

[0003] Aviation simulation systems are essential facilities for training air traffic controllers, testing new systems, and conducting scientific research. These devices simulate real-world air communication, navigation, and surveillance signals, helping controllers improve their skills and ensuring they can handle various complex situations in actual operations. Current aviation system simulations employ independent simulations of communication, navigation, and surveillance equipment to simulate communication, navigation, and surveillance signals. Communication simulation equipment is divided into VHF and UHF simulation equipment, while surveillance simulation equipment is divided into SSR and ADS-B simulation equipment. Meanwhile, signal processing hardware primarily utilizes traditional FPGA, DSP, A / D, and D / A methods, and radio frequency channels mainly employ traditional mixing methods.

[0004] Traditional flight simulation systems have the following main drawbacks:

[0005] First, the traditional method of simulating communication equipment, navigation equipment, and surveillance equipment independently does not achieve integrated simulation at the system level, and each device is large and heavy, making it impossible to install on a rotary-wing UAV.

[0006] Secondly, communication simulation equipment is divided into VHF simulation equipment and UHF simulation equipment. VHF simulation equipment only simulates VHF voice signals and ACARS signals, while UHF simulation equipment only simulates UHF voice signals. It does not achieve comprehensive simulation of both VHF and UHF frequency band signals, resulting in limited functionality and low integration. Similarly, surveillance simulation equipment is divided into SSR simulation equipment and ADS-B simulation equipment. SSR simulation equipment only simulates SSR signals, and ADS-B simulation equipment only simulates ADS-B OUT signals, failing to simulate ADS-B IN signals or comprehensive simulation of both SSR and ADS-B OUT signals. This also results in limited functionality and low integration.

[0007] Third, the system hardware is constructed in a traditional manner. Signal processing hardware mainly uses traditional FPGA, DSP, A / D, and D / A methods, while the radio frequency channel mainly uses traditional mixing methods. The hardware integration is low, resulting in complex hardware composition and low reliability. The communication, navigation, and surveillance equipment do not adopt a unified hardware platform architecture, and the main components are not domestically produced, which is detrimental to independent controllability. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by this application is to overcome the shortcomings of traditional aviation simulation systems in terms of equipment separation, single function, low hardware integration and independent controllability. The purpose is to provide an integrated simulation method for airborne communication, navigation and surveillance based on a domestically produced unified hardware architecture, which solves the key problem of realizing integrated simulation of multi-band communication, multi-mode navigation and multi-protocol surveillance signals on lightweight platforms such as rotary-wing UAVs.

[0009] This application is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0010] In a first aspect, this application provides a multi-mode airborne aviation communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system, comprising:

[0011] The main control module is used to realize data collection, command distribution, parameter configuration and data storage;

[0012] The VHF / UHF communication module is connected to the main control module and is used to integrate and simulate VHF band voice signals, VHF band ACARS signals and UHF band voice signals.

[0013] The DME navigation module, connected to the main control module, is used to realize the functions of DME query signal simulation and DME response signal parsing;

[0014] The monitoring module, connected to the main control module, is used to realize the functions of SSR response signal simulation, ADS-B OUT signal simulation, SSR interrogation signal analysis, and ADS-B IN signal analysis.

[0015] The GPS / INS navigation module is connected to the main control module and is used to parse GPS signals and provide location data to the main control module and the monitoring module.

[0016] And UV antennas, DME antennas, monitoring antennas and GPS antennas respectively corresponding to the VHF / UHF communication module, the DME navigation module, the monitoring module and the GPS / INS navigation module;

[0017] The VHF / UHF communication module, the DME navigation module, and the monitoring module all adopt a unified, highly integrated hardware architecture, which includes a signal processor that integrates FPGA and DSP functions, as well as a chip that integrates analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog conversion and radio frequency transceiver functions.

[0018] A further optimized solution is that the VHF / UHF communication module includes a first baseband unit and a first microwave unit;

[0019] The first baseband unit includes the signal processor, the first radio frequency transceiver, and the second radio frequency transceiver; the signal processor is an integrated architecture chip that combines a PS system with PL programmable logic;

[0020] The first microwave unit includes a VHF channel, a UHF channel, and a duplexer;

[0021] The first CX9261 radio frequency transceiver is configured to process signals in the 118MHz to 136MHz frequency band and is connected to the VHF channel;

[0022] The second CX9261 RF transceiver is configured to process signals in the 225MHz to 400MHz frequency band and is connected to the UHF channel;

[0023] The VHF channel and the UHF channel are connected to the UV antenna via the duplexer.

[0024] A further optimization is that the VHF / UHF communication module operates in two modes: a voice signal analog mode and an ACARS signal analog mode.

[0025] The voice signal simulation mode supports the transmission and reception of AM-modulated or FM-modulated voice signals in the VHF and UHF bands, and the UHF band voice signal simulation mode can work simultaneously with either the VHF band voice signal simulation mode or the VHF band ACARS signal simulation mode.

[0026] A further optimized solution is that the DME navigation module includes a second baseband unit and a second microwave unit;

[0027] The second baseband unit includes the signal processor and the radio frequency transceiver;

[0028] The second microwave unit includes a transmitting channel, a receiving channel, and a circulator;

[0029] The radio frequency transceiver is configured to process interrogation signals from 1025 MHz to 1150 MHz and response signals from 962 MHz to 1213 MHz;

[0030] The transmit channel and the receive channel are connected to the DME antenna via the circulator.

[0031] A further optimization is that the DME navigation module's operating modes include an inquiry mode and a response mode;

[0032] In the interrogation mode, the signal processor is configured to generate DME interrogation pulse pairs with a specific pulse interval;

[0033] In the response mode, a DME interrogation signal with a pulse width of 3.5 μs is received and parsed, and a corresponding response signal is generated accordingly.

[0034] A further optimized solution is that the monitoring module includes a third baseband unit and a third microwave unit;

[0035] The third baseband unit includes the signal processor, the first radio frequency transceiver, and the second radio frequency transceiver; the third microwave unit includes a receiving channel, a transmitting channel, and a circulator.

[0036] The first radio frequency transceiver is configured to receive and process a 1030MHz SSR interrogation signal and a 1090MHz ADS-B IN signal;

[0037] The second radio frequency transceiver is configured to transmit a 1090MHz SSR response signal and an ADS-B OUT signal;

[0038] The receiving channel and the transmitting channel are connected to the monitoring antenna via the circulator.

[0039] A further optimization is that the monitoring module's operating modes include SSR mode and ADS-B mode;

[0040] In the SSR mode, it can receive and parse 1030MHz SSR interrogation signals in A mode, C mode or S mode, and generate corresponding 1090MHz response signals;

[0041] In the ADS-B mode, a 1090MHz ADS-B OUT signal can be periodically generated and transmitted, while simultaneously receiving and demodulating a 1090MHz ADS-B IN signal.

[0042] A further optimization scheme is that the signal processor adopts a PS+PL architecture, where the PS part is responsible for realizing network port communication, data packet protocol parsing and configuration of the CX9261 chip, and the PL part is responsible for realizing signal modulation and demodulation functions.

[0043] A further optimization scheme is that the signal transmission power attenuation range of the system is 0 to 30 dB, and the attenuation step is 1 dB;

[0044] The signal receiving gain adjustment range is 0 to 60 dB, with a gain step of 1 dB. The power attenuation and receiving gain are achieved by configuring the CX9261 chip.

[0045] Secondly, this application provides a multi-mode integrated simulation method for airborne aviation communication, navigation, and surveillance based on the system described above, comprising the following steps:

[0046] The main control module receives parameter configuration instructions from the host computer for the multi-mode airborne aviation communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system, and distributes them to the VHF / UHF communication module, DME navigation module, surveillance module, and GPS / INS navigation module.

[0047] Through the VHF / UHF communication module, voice or ACARS signal transmission and reception are simulated in the specified frequency band and mode according to the configuration instructions;

[0048] The DME navigation module simulates the transmission of DME interrogation signals or the reception and parsing of DME response signals according to the configuration instructions.

[0049] The monitoring module, according to the configuration instructions, performs query signal parsing and response signal generation and transmission in SSR mode or ADS-B mode, or simulates ADS-B signal reception and transmission.

[0050] Real-time location information is obtained through the GPS / INS navigation module and provided to the main control module and the monitoring module for signal generation;

[0051] The main control module aggregates the status and data of each module and uploads them to the host computer for display and monitoring.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0053] The multi-mode airborne aviation communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system provided in this application utilizes a unified, highly integrated hardware architecture built upon a signal processor integrating FPGA and DSP, and a chip integrating analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog conversion and RF transceiver functions. This architecture highly integrates VHF / UHF communication, DME navigation, surveillance, and GPS / INS navigation functions into a single unit, with centralized control and data collaboration achieved by the main control module. This effectively solves the problems of discreteness, high redundancy, and poor coordination in traditional simulation equipment, improving the system's integration, reliability, and efficiency of multi-mode joint simulation. It provides a high-precision, integrated solution for the testing and verification of airborne avionics systems. Attached Figure Description

[0054] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0055] In the attached diagram:

[0056] Figure 1 A block diagram of the multi-mode airborne aviation communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0057] Figure 2 A block diagram illustrating the composition of a VHF / UHF communication module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 3 This application provides a flowchart illustrating the simulated workflow of VHF / UHF band voice signals in an embodiment.

[0059] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating the ACARS signal simulation process provided in this application embodiment;

[0060] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of the DME navigation module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the DME signal simulation process provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0062] Figure 7 This is a block diagram of the monitoring module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the monitoring signal simulation process provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0064] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are only for explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0065] First, some of the technical terms used in this application will be explained to help those skilled in the art understand this application.

[0066] CNS: Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance system;

[0067] VHF: Very High Frequency;

[0068] UHF: Ultra High Frequency, extra high frequency;

[0069] DME: Distance Measuring Equipment;

[0070] SSR: Secondary Surveillance Radar;

[0071] ADS-B: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast;

[0072] ACARS: Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System;

[0073] GPS: Global Positioning System;

[0074] INS: Inertial Navigation System;

[0075] FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array;

[0076] DSP: Digital Signal Processor;

[0077] A / D: Analog to Digital;

[0078] D / A: Digital to Analog conversion;

[0079] AM: Amplitude Modulation;

[0080] FM: Frequency Modulation;

[0081] IQ: In-phase and Quadrature data;

[0082] PS+PL: Processing System + Programmable Logic.

[0083] Firstly, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a multi-mode airborne aviation communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system, including a main control module 10, a VHF / UHF communication module 21, a UV antenna 22, a DME navigation module 31, a DME antenna 32, a surveillance module 41, a surveillance antenna 42, a GPS / INS navigation module 51, and a GPS antenna 52.

[0084] The main control module 10 is used to realize data collection, command distribution, parameter configuration, and data storage. Specifically, the main control module is the processing center of the simulation system and mainly performs four functions: Function 1 is to receive voice data, ACARS message data, and status data sent from the VHF / UHF communication module, DME data and status data sent from the DME navigation module, SSR data, ADS-B IN data, and status data sent from the monitoring module, and position data and status data sent from the GPS / INS navigation module, and send these data to the host computer interface software for display; Function 2 is to receive parameter configuration data from the host computer interface software and send it to each module; Function 3 is to send the position data sent from the GPS / INS navigation module to the monitoring module for use; Function 4 is to store audio sample data and ACARS sample data and send them to the VHF / UHF communication module for use.

[0085] VHF / UHF communication module 21 is connected to the main control module 10 and is used to integrate analog VHF band voice signals, VHF band ACARS signals and UHF band voice signals.

[0086] DME navigation module 31 is connected to the main control module 10 and is used to realize the functions of DME interrogation signal simulation and DME response signal parsing.

[0087] The monitoring module 41 is connected to the main control module 10 and is used to realize the functions of SSR response signal simulation, ADS-B OUT signal simulation, SSR query signal analysis and ADS-B IN signal analysis.

[0088] GPS / INS navigation module 51 is connected to the main control module 10 and is used to parse GPS signals and provide location data to the main control module 10 and the monitoring module 41.

[0089] The system includes a UV antenna, a DME antenna, a monitoring antenna, and a GPS antenna, respectively corresponding to the VHF / UHF communication module 21, the DME navigation module 31, the monitoring module 41, and the GPS / INS navigation module 51. The UV antenna transmits and receives signals from 118MHz to 400MHz; the DME antenna transmits and receives DME signals from 962MHz to 1213MHz; the monitoring antenna transmits and receives signals at 1030MHz and 1090MHz; and the GPS antenna receives GPS signals.

[0090] The VHF / UHF communication module 21, the DME navigation module 31, and the monitoring module 41 all adopt a unified, highly integrated hardware architecture, which includes a signal processor that integrates FPGA and DSP functions, as well as a chip that integrates analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog conversion and radio frequency transceiver functions.

[0091] The multi-mode airborne aviation communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system provided in this application utilizes a unified, highly integrated hardware architecture built upon a signal processor integrating FPGA and DSP, and a chip integrating analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog conversion and RF transceiver functions. This architecture highly integrates VHF / UHF communication, DME navigation, surveillance, and GPS / INS navigation functions into a single unit, with centralized control and data collaboration achieved by the main control module. This effectively solves the problems of discreteness, high redundancy, and poor coordination in traditional simulation equipment, improving the system's integration, reliability, and efficiency of multi-mode joint simulation. It provides a high-precision, integrated solution for the testing and verification of airborne avionics systems.

[0092] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the VHF / UHF communication module 21 includes a first baseband unit 211 and a first microwave unit 212;

[0093] The first baseband unit 211 includes a signal processor, a first RF transceiver, and a second RF transceiver. The signal processor is specifically a JFMQL100T900 chip, employing a PS+PL architecture. The PS section implements network communication, data packet protocol parsing, CX9261 chip configuration, and control functions for the first microwave unit 212; the PL section implements signal modulation and demodulation functions. Specifically, the first RF transceiver uses a CX9261 chip to implement digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital conversion, up / down conversion, gain control, and power control functions for signals ranging from 118MHz to 136MHz. Specifically, the second RF transceiver uses a CX9261 chip to implement digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital conversion, up / down conversion, gain control, and power control functions for signals ranging from 225MHz to 400MHz.

[0094] The first microwave unit 212 includes a VHF channel, a UHF channel, and a duplexer. The VHF channel includes components such as amplification, bandpass filtering, power amplification, low-noise amplification, matching, switching, and VHF filtering, enabling signal transmission and reception from 118MHz to 136MHz. The UHF channel includes components such as amplification, bandpass filtering, power amplification, low-noise amplification, matching, switching, and UHF filtering, enabling signal transmission and reception from 225MHz to 400MHz. The first RF transceiver is connected to the VHF channel; the second RF transceiver is connected to the UHF channel; the VHF channel and the UHF channel are connected to the UV antenna via the duplexer.

[0095] In one embodiment, the VHF / UHF communication module 21 operates in two modes: a voice signal analog mode and an ACARS signal analog mode. The voice signal analog mode supports the transmission and reception of AM-modulated or FM-modulated voice signals in both the VHF and UHF bands. The UHF band voice signal analog mode can operate simultaneously with either the VHF band voice signal analog mode or the VHF band ACARS signal analog mode. The VHF band voice signal analog mode and the VHF band ACARS signal analog mode cannot be used simultaneously. The ACARS signal analog mode performs modulation, transmission, reception, and demodulation of ACARS messages in the VHF band (118MHz–136MHz).

[0096] A: As Figure 3 As shown, the voice signal analog modes include transmit mode, receive mode, and stop mode. The specific working methods of each mode are described below:

[0097] (1) Launch mode

[0098] The main control module 10 configures the frequency band and modulation type. If the modulation type is AM, the signal processor receives voice samples and completes AM modulation, then outputs baseband IQ data; if it is FM modulation, then it completes FM modulation and outputs baseband IQ data.

[0099] The main control module configures the operating frequency and bandwidth of the RF transceiver according to the selected frequency band: 118–136MHz for VHF band and 225–400MHz for UHF band, with a frequency accuracy of 1kHz and a bandwidth of 25kHz. The CX9261 up-converts, amplifies, filters, and attenuates the baseband IQ data before sending it to the corresponding RF channel (VHF or UHF). The main control module controls the channel to switch to transmit mode. After power amplification and filtering, the signal is output from the UV antenna via a duplexer. The transmit power can be attenuated via the CX9261, with an attenuation range of 0–30dB in 1dB steps.

[0100] (2) Receiving mode

[0101] The signal is input from the UV antenna, passes through a duplexer and a frequency band filter module (VHF or UHF) for frequency selection, and then enters the corresponding channel. After low-noise amplification and filtering, it is sent to the CX9261. The main control module configures the CX9261's operating frequency (VHF: 118–136MHz, UHF: 225–400MHz, accuracy 1kHz) and receive gain (0–60dB, 1dB steps). The CX9261 performs down-conversion, amplification, and other processing on the signal, and outputs baseband IQ data to the signal processor.

[0102] If the modulation type is AM, the JFMQL100T900 performs AM demodulation on the IQ data; if it is FM, it performs FM demodulation. The demodulated voice data is packaged into audio frames and sent to the host computer for playback. The receiver gain can be dynamically adjusted according to the playback quality to optimize the voice quality.

[0103] (3) Stop mode

[0104] With the transmit and receive functions disabled, the VHF / UHF communication module enters standby mode.

[0105] B: ACARS signal analog mode:

[0106] The ACARS signal analog mode performs modulation, transmission, reception, and demodulation of ACARS messages in the VHF band (118MHz~136MHz). Its workflow also includes three states: transmit, receive, and stop. Figure 4 As shown, the specific working methods of each mode are as follows:

[0107] (1) Launch mode

[0108] The main control module 10 is configured to operate in ACARS signal simulation mode. The signal processor receives ACARS message data from the host computer and performs specific modulation (such as MSK modulation) according to the ACARS specification, outputting the corresponding baseband IQ data. The main control module configures the RF transceiver to operate at a specified frequency within the VHF band (118MHz~136MHz, accuracy 1KHz) with a bandwidth of 25KHz. The CX9261 up-converts, amplifies, filters, and attenuates the baseband IQ data before sending it to the VHF channel. The main control module controls the channel to switch to transmit mode. After power amplification and filtering in the VHF channel, the signal is output from the UV antenna via a duplexer. The attenuation range of the transmit power is 0~30dB, in 1dB steps.

[0109] (2) Receiving mode

[0110] The ACARS RF signal is input from the UV antenna, passes through a duplexer, and is then frequency-selected by the VHF filter module before entering the VHF channel. After processing by low-noise amplification and filtering, it is sent to the CX9261. The main control module configures the CX9261 to operate at the corresponding frequency within the VHF band (118MHz~136MHz, accuracy 1KHz) and sets the receive gain (0~60dB, 1dB steps). The CX9261 performs down-conversion and other processing on the signal, outputting baseband IQ data to the signal processor JFMQL100T900. The JFMQL100T900 performs ACARS-specific demodulation (such as MSK demodulation) and decoding on the IQ data to reconstruct the ACARS message.

[0111] The ACARS message data undergoes specific modulation and demodulation processing, and the receive gain can be dynamically adjusted based on the data verification results. Specifically, unlike voice mode which adjusts the gain based on subjective hearing, ACARS mode employs a closed-loop automatic gain control strategy: after the demodulated ACARS message is sent to the host computer, the host computer first performs data verification (such as cyclic redundancy check CRC). If the verification fails, the main control module automatically increases the receive gain of the CX9261 (in 1dB steps) and re-attempts reception and demodulation; this process iterates until the verification succeeds or the maximum gain (60dB) is reached. If the verification is successful consecutively, the gain can be appropriately reduced while ensuring communication quality to optimize the link budget and reduce interference. This adjustment mechanism based on objective data verification results significantly improves the reliability of data transmission.

[0112] (3) Stop mode

[0113] With both transmit and receive functions disabled, the VHF / UHF communication module is in standby mode.

[0114] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the DME navigation module 31 includes a second baseband unit 311 and a second microwave unit 312;

[0115] The second baseband unit 311 includes a signal processor and an RF transceiver; the signal processor is specifically a JFMQL100T900 chip, whose PS section implements network communication, data packet protocol parsing, and CX9261 configuration functions, and whose PL section implements signal modulation and demodulation functions. The RF transceiver is specifically a CX9261 chip, which implements digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital conversion, up / down conversion, and power control functions for signals from 962MHz to 1213MHz.

[0116] The second microwave unit 312 includes a transmit channel, a receive channel, and a circulator. The transmit channel performs radio frequency processing functions for transmitting interrogation signals in the range of 1025MHz to 1150MHz. The receive channel performs radio frequency processing functions for receiving response signals in the range of 962MHz to 1213MHz. The transmit channel and the receive channel are connected to the DME antenna via the circulator.

[0117] In one embodiment, the operating modes of the DME navigation module 31 include an inquiry mode, a response mode, and a stop mode, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the specific working methods of each mode are as follows:

[0118] (1) Inquiry mode

[0119] In the interrogation mode, the signal processor is configured to first perform pulse modulation to generate a DME single-pulse baseband signal with a pulse width of 3.5 μs. Main control module 10 sends out the following configuration parameters:

[0120] If the mode is X, the pulse interval parameter calculation is completed, and DME pulse pairs with baseband IQ data with a pulse interval of 12μs are generated.

[0121] If the mode is Y, the pulse interval parameter calculation is completed, and DME pulse pairs with baseband IQ data with a pulse interval of 36μs are generated.

[0122] Subsequently, the main control module 10 configures the RF transceiver's interrogation frequency to any frequency between 1025MHz and 1150MHz (frequency accuracy of 1MHz, operating bandwidth of 1MHz). The CX9261 processes the baseband IQ data from the DME pulse sent by the signal processor through up-conversion, amplification, filtering, and attenuation before sending it to the transmit channel. The transmit channel amplifies, filters, and power amplifies the signal before sending the RF signal to the DME antenna output via a circulator. The transmit power attenuation range is 0–30dB (attenuation step of 1dB), and the output signal power can be precisely controlled by configuring the transmit attenuation value of the CX9261.

[0123] (2) Response mode

[0124] In the response mode, the signal is input from the DME antenna, enters the receiving channel via a circulator, and is sent to the RF transceiver after processing such as low-noise amplification and filtering. Based on the interrogation frequency, the response frequency of the CX9261 is configured to a corresponding frequency between 962MHz and 1213MHz (frequency accuracy of 1MHz, operating bandwidth of 1MHz). The CX9261 performs down-conversion and amplification on the RF signal from the receiving channel, and then sends the DME baseband IQ data to the signal processor.

[0125] The signal processor performs pulse half-peak calculations on the DME baseband IQ data to obtain the rising edge half-peak value A1 and the falling edge half-peak value A2 of a single pulse. Then, A2 - A1 is calculated to obtain the pulse width of a single pulse. First, valid single pulses with a pulse width of 3.5 ± 0.5 µs are selected.

[0126] The main control module 10 sends out mode configuration parameters to determine the pulse interval:

[0127] If the mode is X, calculate the pulse interval for the selected valid single pulses and select the valid pulse pairs with a pulse interval of 12±0.5µs;

[0128] If the mode is Y, the pulse interval is calculated for the selected valid single pulses, and the valid pulse pairs with a pulse interval of 30±0.5µs are selected.

[0129] Finally, the effective response data, such as response mode, pulse width, and pulse interval, are packaged and sent to the host computer software for display, and a corresponding response signal is generated accordingly.

[0130] (3) Stop mode

[0131] In the stop mode, the query and response functions are disabled, and the DME navigation module is in a low-power standby state.

[0132] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, the monitoring module 41 includes a third baseband unit 411 and a third microwave unit 412;

[0133] The third baseband unit 411 includes a signal processor, a first RF transceiver, and a second RF transceiver. The signal processor is a JFMQL100T900, and the first and second RF transceivers are CX9261. The signal processor adopts a PS+PL architecture. The PS part implements network port communication, data packet protocol parsing, and CX9261 configuration functions, while the PL part implements signal modulation and demodulation functions. The first RF transceiver implements analog-to-digital conversion, down-conversion, and gain control functions for 1030MHz and 1090MHz signals, while the second RF transceiver implements digital-to-analog conversion, up-conversion, and power control functions for 1030MHz and 1090MHz signals.

[0134] The third microwave unit 412 includes a receiving channel, a transmitting channel, and a circulator. The receiving channel includes a bandpass filter, a limiter, a low-noise amplifier, a power divider, an amplifier, a 1030MHz bandpass filter, and a 1090MHz bandpass filter, providing RF processing for receiving 1030MHz and 1090MHz signals. The transmitting channel includes an amplifier, a 1090MHz bandpass filter, a power combiner, a power amplifier, and a bandpass filter, providing RF processing for transmitting 1090MHz signals.

[0135] In one embodiment, the monitoring module 41 has the following operating modes: SSR mode, ADS-B mode, and stop mode. Figure 8 As shown, SSR mode and ADS-B mode cannot work simultaneously. The specific working methods of each mode are as follows:

[0136] (1) SSR mode

[0137] In SSR mode, it can receive and parse 1030MHz SSR interrogation signals in A, C, or S modes, and generate corresponding 1090MHz response signals. Its detailed workflow is as follows:

[0138] Receiving and parsing the interrogation signal: The 1030MHz SSR interrogation signal is input from the monitoring antenna, enters the receiving channel through a circulator, and is sent to the first RF transceiver after processing such as low-noise amplification and filtering. The CX9261 is configured to operate at a frequency of 1030MHz and a bandwidth of 8MHz. The CX9261 performs down-conversion and amplification on the signal, and then sends the SSR baseband IQ data to the signal processor. The JFMQL100T900 performs envelope detection on the data, extracts the pulse data, demodulates the interrogation format data, and determines its specific mode (A / C / S mode) based on the data content.

[0139] Generate and transmit response signals: Generate a response signal of the corresponding mode based on the identified interrogation mode;

[0140] If it is mode A, a single pulse response signal is generated; the main control module sends out the aircraft designation parameters, and generates mode A response signal data frames and pulse group baseband IQ data accordingly.

[0141] If it is in C mode, a single pulse response signal is generated; the main control module sends out altitude parameters, and generates C mode response signal data frames and pulse group baseband IQ data accordingly.

[0142] If it is in S mode, a single pulse response signal is generated; the main control module sends out parameters such as aircraft designation, altitude, and S mode address, and generates S mode response signal data frames and pulse group baseband IQ data accordingly.

[0143] Subsequently, the main control module configures the second RF transceiver to operate at a frequency of 1090MHz and a bandwidth of 1MHz. The CX9261 performs up-conversion, amplification, filtering, and attenuation on the baseband IQ data before sending it to the transmit channel. The transmit channel amplifies, filters, and power-amplifies the signal before outputting it through a circulator to the monitoring antenna. The transmit power attenuation range is 0–30dB (attenuation step of 1dB), which can be precisely controlled by configuring the CX9261.

[0144] (2) ADS-B mode

[0145] In ADS-B mode, it can periodically (once per second) generate and transmit a 1090MHz ADS-B OUT signal, and simultaneously receive and demodulate a 1090MHz ADS-B IN signal. Its detailed workflow is as follows:

[0146] Receiving and parsing the ADS-B IN signal: The 1090MHz ADS-B IN signal is input from the monitoring antenna, enters the receiving channel through a circulator, and is sent to the first RF transceiver after low-noise amplification and filtering. The CX9261 is configured to operate at a frequency of 1090MHz and a bandwidth of 1MHz. The CX9261 performs down-conversion and amplification on the signal, and then sends the ADS-B IN baseband IQ data to the signal processor. The JFMQL100T900 performs envelope detection on the data, extracts the pulse data, demodulates the ADS-B IN data, and packages it for display on the host computer software.

[0147] Generate and transmit ADS-B OUT signal: Generate ADS-B OUT single-pulse signal; the main control module sends configuration parameters such as position, S-mode address, and speed, and generates data frames and pulse group baseband IQ data according to the ADS-B OUT signal format. The main control module configures the second RF transceiver to operate at a frequency of 1090MHz and a bandwidth of 1MHz. The CX9261 performs up-conversion, amplification, filtering, and attenuation on the baseband IQ data before sending it to the transmit channel. The transmit channel amplifies, filters, and power amplifies the signal before outputting it through a circulator to the monitoring antenna. The transmit power attenuation range is also 0–30dB (in 1dB steps).

[0148] (3) Stop mode

[0149] In stop mode, all functions of SSR and ADS-B are turned off, and the monitoring module enters a low-power standby state.

[0150] In one embodiment, the system's signal transmission power attenuation range is 0 to 30 dB with an attenuation step of 1 dB; the signal reception gain adjustment range is 0 to 60 dB with a gain step of 1 dB, and the power attenuation and reception gain are achieved by configuring the CX9261 chip.

[0151] The proposed solution enables integrated simulation of aviation communication, navigation, and surveillance systems, offering advantages such as low power consumption, small size, light weight, and high hardware integration, facilitating installation and deployment on rotary-wing UAVs. Functionally, the communication simulation equipment integrates VHF band voice signal simulation, VHF band ACARS signal simulation, and UHF band voice signal simulation, while the SSR simulation equipment supports multiple modes including SSR response signal simulation, ADS-B OUT signal simulation, SSR interrogation signal parsing, and ADS-BIN signal parsing. Furthermore, this solution allows for the construction of a domestically developed hardware platform based on the JFMQL100T900 and CX9261 architecture, contributing to technological self-reliance and control.

[0152] Secondly, this application provides a multi-mode integrated simulation method for airborne aviation communication, navigation, and surveillance based on the system described above, comprising the following steps:

[0153] Step S1: Receive system parameter configuration instructions from the host computer through the main control module 10, and distribute them to the VHF / UHF communication module 21, DME navigation module 31, monitoring module 41 and GPS / INS navigation module 51;

[0154] Step S2: Through the VHF / UHF communication module 21, simulate the transmission and reception of voice or ACARS signals in the specified frequency band and mode according to the configuration instructions;

[0155] Step S3: Through the DME navigation module 31, simulate the transmission of DME interrogation signals or the reception and parsing of DME response signals according to the configuration instructions;

[0156] Step S4: Through the monitoring module 41, according to the configuration instructions, the query signal is parsed and the response signal is generated and transmitted in SSR mode or ADS-B mode, or the reception and transmission of ADS-B signals are simulated.

[0157] Step S5: Obtain real-time location information through GPS / INS navigation module 51 and provide it to the main control module 10 and the monitoring module 41 for signal generation;

[0158] Step S6: The main control module 10 summarizes the status and data of each module and uploads them to the host computer for display and monitoring.

[0159] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this application. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An integrated simulation system for airborne communication, navigation, and surveillance, characterized in that, include: The main control module is used to realize data collection, command distribution, parameter configuration and data storage; The VHF / UHF communication module is connected to the main control module and is used to integrate and simulate VHF band voice signals, VHF band ACARS signals and UHF band voice signals. The DME navigation module, connected to the main control module, is used to realize the functions of DME query signal simulation and DME response signal parsing; The monitoring module, connected to the main control module, is used to realize the functions of SSR response signal simulation, ADS-B OUT signal simulation, SSR interrogation signal analysis, and ADS-B IN signal analysis. The GPS / INS navigation module is connected to the main control module and is used to parse GPS signals and provide location data to the main control module and the monitoring module. And UV antennas, DME antennas, monitoring antennas and GPS antennas respectively corresponding to the VHF / UHF communication module, the DME navigation module, the monitoring module and the GPS / INS navigation module; The VHF / UHF communication module, the DME navigation module, and the monitoring module all adopt a unified, highly integrated hardware architecture, which includes a signal processor that integrates FPGA and DSP functions, as well as a chip that integrates analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog conversion and radio frequency transceiver functions.

2. The airborne communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The VHF / UHF communication module includes a first baseband unit and a first microwave unit; The first baseband unit includes the signal processor, the first radio frequency transceiver, and the second radio frequency transceiver; the signal processor is an integrated architecture chip that combines a PS system with PL programmable logic; The first microwave unit includes a VHF channel, a UHF channel, and a duplexer; The first CX9261 radio frequency transceiver is configured to process signals in the 118MHz to 136MHz frequency band and is connected to the VHF channel; The second CX9261 RF transceiver is configured to process signals in the 225MHz to 400MHz frequency band and is connected to the UHF channel; The VHF channel and the UHF channel are connected to the UV antenna via the duplexer.

3. The airborne communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The VHF / UHF communication module has two operating modes: voice signal analog mode and ACARS signal analog mode. The voice signal simulation mode supports the transmission and reception of AM-modulated or FM-modulated voice signals in the VHF and UHF bands, and the UHF band voice signal simulation mode can work simultaneously with either the VHF band voice signal simulation mode or the VHF band ACARS signal simulation mode.

4. The airborne communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DME navigation module includes a second baseband unit and a second microwave unit; The second baseband unit includes the signal processor and the radio frequency transceiver; The second microwave unit includes a transmitting channel, a receiving channel, and a circulator; The radio frequency transceiver is configured to process interrogation signals from 1025 MHz to 1150 MHz and response signals from 962 MHz to 1213 MHz; The transmit channel and the receive channel are connected to the DME antenna via the circulator.

5. The airborne communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The DME navigation module has two operating modes: query mode and response mode. In the interrogation mode, the signal processor is configured to generate DME interrogation pulse pairs with a specific pulse interval; In the response mode, a DME interrogation signal with a pulse width of 3.5 μs is received and parsed, and a corresponding response signal is generated accordingly.

6. The airborne communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring module includes a third baseband unit and a third microwave unit; The third baseband unit includes the signal processor, the first radio frequency transceiver, and the second radio frequency transceiver; The first radio frequency transceiver is configured to receive and process a 1030MHz SSR interrogation signal and a 1090MHz ADS-B IN signal; The second radio frequency transceiver is configured to transmit a 1090MHz SSR response signal and an ADS-B OUT signal; The third microwave unit includes a receiving channel, a transmitting channel, and a circulator; The receiving channel and the transmitting channel are connected to the monitoring antenna via the circulator.

7. The airborne communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The monitoring module operates in two modes: SSR mode and ADS-B mode. In the SSR mode, it can receive and parse 1030MHz SSR interrogation signals in A mode, C mode or S mode, and generate corresponding 1090MHz response signals; In the ADS-B mode, a 1090MHz ADS-B OUT signal can be periodically generated and transmitted, while simultaneously receiving and demodulating a 1090MHz ADS-B IN signal.

8. The airborne communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The signal processor adopts a PS+PL architecture, where the PS part is responsible for implementing network port communication, data packet protocol parsing and configuring the CX9261 chip, and the PL part is responsible for implementing signal modulation and demodulation functions.

9. The airborne communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The signal transmission power attenuation range of the system is 0 to 30 dB, with an attenuation step of 1 dB. The signal receiving gain adjustment range is 0 to 60 dB, with a gain step of 1 dB. The power attenuation and receiving gain are achieved by configuring the CX9261 chip.

10. An integrated simulation method for airborne communication, navigation, and surveillance based on the system described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The main control module receives parameter configuration instructions from the host computer for the airborne communication, navigation, and surveillance integrated simulation system, and distributes them to the VHF / UHF communication module, DME navigation module, surveillance module, and GPS / INS navigation module. Through the VHF / UHF communication module, voice or ACARS signal transmission and reception are simulated in the specified frequency band and mode according to the configuration instructions; The DME navigation module simulates the transmission of DME interrogation signals or the reception and parsing of DME response signals according to the configuration instructions. The monitoring module, according to the configuration instructions, performs query signal parsing and response signal generation and transmission in SSR mode or ADS-B mode, or simulates ADS-B signal reception and transmission. Real-time location information is obtained through the GPS / INS navigation module and provided to the main control module and the monitoring module for signal generation; The main control module aggregates the status and data of each module and uploads them to the host computer for display and monitoring.

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