Solar cell, solar cell module and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and discloses a solar cell piece, a solar cell module and a photovoltaic system, a plurality of first grid lines and a plurality of second grid lines are arranged on the back face of the solar cell piece, and the first grid lines and the second grid lines are parallel in the first direction and are arranged alternately; the side edge of the back surface of the solar cell is provided with an edge grid line extending along a second direction, and the edge grid line is connected with the second grid line; first Pad points are arranged at the end parts of the solar cells along the first direction, the first Pad points are arranged along the second direction, the first Pad points are connected with the plurality of first grid lines, insulating glue is arranged on the second grid lines around the first Pad points, and the insulating glue electrically isolates the second grid lines from the first Pad points. According to the invention, edge electron absorption can be enhanced, the pseudo soldering risk is reduced, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and more particularly to a solar cell, a solar cell module, and a photovoltaic system. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of photovoltaic technology, the electrode structure design of crystalline silicon solar cells is crucial for balancing photoelectric conversion efficiency and manufacturing costs. Traditional solar cells rely on a main grid-grid composite electrode to collect current. While the main grid is effective at current collection, it suffers from problems such as large shading area and high consumption of precious metal silver paste. To overcome this limitation, gridless (OBB) technology eliminates the traditional main grid and uses solder ribbons to directly interconnect with the fine grid, significantly reducing shading and silver paste consumption, becoming an important direction for cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the industry.

[0003] However, in existing gridless solar cells, the edge pads are mostly single-point or single-strand fine grid connections, with limited contact area with the solder strip. During the soldering process, stress concentration or a single conductive path can easily lead to incomplete soldering or desoldering, resulting in degradation of the cell's electrical performance. Simultaneously, to ensure effective current extraction from the edge, some gridless solutions still retain short main grids or wide busbars at the cell edge, failing to completely eliminate main grid paste consumption and limiting the potential for cost reduction in silver paste. Correspondingly, the insulating adhesive layout is not optimized for the specific structure of the edge pads, potentially over-covering the fine grid contact area or failing to precisely avoid the soldering area, affecting the current collection path or solder conductivity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a solar cell, a solar cell module and a photovoltaic system that can reduce the risk of poor soldering during welding, enhance edge electron absorption, improve the fill factor, thereby improving the power and reliability of the solar cell and reducing the cost.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides a solar cell, wherein a plurality of first grid lines and a plurality of second grid lines are disposed on the back side of the solar cell, and the first grid lines and the second grid lines are parallel to each other along a first direction and are alternately disposed therebetween. The side edge of the back surface of the solar cell is provided with an edge grid line extending in a second direction, and the edge grid line is connected to the second grid line; Along the first direction, a first Pad point is provided at the end of the solar cell. The first Pad points are arranged along the second direction and are connected to a plurality of first grid lines. Insulating adhesive is provided on the second grid lines around the first Pad points, and the insulating adhesive electrically isolates the second grid lines from the first Pad points.

[0006] As an improvement to the above scheme, the first Pad point is connected to several first grid lines arranged adjacent to each other along the second direction.

[0007] As an improvement to the above solution, the first Pad point includes several first segments connected to the first grid line, and a second segment connecting two adjacent first segments. The first segment extends along a first direction, the second segment extends along a second direction, and a welding area is formed between two adjacent first segments and second segments. The second grid line is disposed outside the welding area.

[0008] As an improvement to the above solution, the insulating adhesive includes insulating strip A and insulating strip B, wherein insulating strip A covers the second grid line between adjacent first Pad points; The insulating strip B covers the second grid line between the extension lines of the first segment located at the first Pad point.

[0009] As an improvement to the above solution, the insulating adhesive further includes an insulating strip C, which covers the first grid lines at both ends of the first segment.

[0010] As an improvement to the above scheme, the first Pad point is connected to the two first gate lines.

[0011] As an improvement to the above scheme, the first Pad point is connected to three of the first gate lines.

[0012] As an improvement to the above scheme, the first Pad point is connected to four of the first gate lines.

[0013] As an improvement to the above solution, the edge grid lines are intermittently arranged on both sides of the solar cell edge, and the edge grid lines extend uninterruptedly from the second grid lines between the extension lines of the first segment to the second grid lines between adjacent first Pad points along the second direction, and are connected to all the second grid lines.

[0014] As an improvement to the above solution, there is a first preset distance L1 between the insulating strip B near the edge of the solar cell and the second segment along the first direction, and the third preset distance L1 is 0.2mm-1.5mm.

[0015] As an improvement to the above solution, there is a second preset distance L2 between the insulating strip B, which is away from the edge of the solar cell, and the second segment along the first direction. The second preset distance L2 is 0.2mm-1.5mm.

[0016] As an improvement to the above solution, there is a third preset distance L3 between the insulating strip C near the edge of the solar cell and the first segment along the first direction, and the third preset distance L3 is 1.5mm-7.5mm.

[0017] As an improvement to the above solution, there is a third preset distance L4 between the insulating strip C, which is away from the edge of the solar cell, and the first segment along the first direction. The fourth preset distance L4 is 2mm-7.5mm.

[0018] As an improvement to the above scheme, the width of the first segment in the second direction is 0.1mm-0.45mm.

[0019] As an improvement to the above scheme, the width of the second segment in the first direction is 0.05mm-0.6mm.

[0020] As an improvement to the above solution, the solar cell includes an edge region and a main body region along a first direction, with the main body region disposed between the edge regions; The first Pad point is located in the edge region.

[0021] As an improvement to the above solution, a second Pad point is also provided on the back of the solar cell, and the second Pad point is located in the main body area; The second Pad point is connected to the first or second grid line in the main body area.

[0022] As an improvement to the above solution, in the main body area, an insulating adhesive is also provided on the back of the solar cell, and the insulating adhesive is provided in the main body area; The insulating adhesive is applied to the first or second grid line to electrically isolate the second Pad point from the first or second grid line.

[0023] As an improvement to the above solution, the insulating adhesive is a UV adhesive or a heat-sensitive adhesive.

[0024] A second aspect of the present invention also provides a solar cell module, including the aforementioned solar cell.

[0025] A third aspect of the present invention also provides a photovoltaic system including the aforementioned solar cell module.

[0026] Implementing this invention has the following beneficial effects: In this invention, the edge main grid is eliminated. Instead, edge grid lines extending in a second direction are provided on the side edge of the back side of the solar cell, and these edge grid lines are connected to second grid lines. Simultaneously, a first pad is provided at the end of the solar cell, and this first pad is connected to several first grid lines. This allows edge-generated electrons to be rapidly collected by the first and second grid lines, enhancing edge electron absorption, increasing the fill factor, and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Furthermore, the first pad also reduces the risk of poor soldering. Insulating adhesive is applied to the second grid lines around the first pad to electrically isolate the second grid lines from the first pad, preventing current leakage between grids of different polarities and avoiding short-circuit risks.

[0027] Furthermore, in this application, there are no continuous main grid lines, and the area of ​​the first Pad point is much smaller than that of a traditional main grid, which can eliminate the need for edge main grid paste and reduce costs. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in this invention; Figure 2 : Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 3 : Figure 1 Another enlarged view of a portion at point A in the middle; Figure 4 : A schematic diagram of another type of solar cell in this invention; Figure 5 : Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 6 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the third type of solar cell in this invention; Figure 7 : Figure 6 A magnified view of a section at point C; Figure 8 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth type of solar cell in this invention; Figure 9 : Figure 8 A magnified view of a section at point D.

[0029] Figure label: 100 - Solar cell; 100A - Edge region; 100B - Main region; 110 - First grid line; 120 - Second grid line; 130 - Edge grid line; 140 - First pad point; 141 - First segment; 142 - Second segment; 150 - Insulating adhesive; 151 - Insulating strip A; 152 - Insulating strip B; 153 - Insulating strip C; 160 - Second pad point. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, specific embodiments will be described in further detail below.

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Furthermore, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0032] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "back", "front", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0033] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature.

[0034] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of this application. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, various specific examples of processes and materials are provided in this application, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0035] In this document, references to "embodiment" or "implementation" mean that a particular feature, component, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or implementation may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0036] To address the aforementioned problems, the first aspect of this invention provides a solar cell 100, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 The back of the solar cell 100 is provided with a plurality of first grid lines 110 and a plurality of second grid lines 120, wherein the first grid lines 110 and the second grid lines 120 are parallel to each other along a first direction and are arranged alternately. The solar cell 100 has an edge grid line 130 extending in a second direction on the side edge of the back side, and the edge grid line 130 is connected to the second grid line 120. Along the first direction, the end of the solar cell 100 is provided with a first Pad point 140. The first Pad point 140 is arranged along the second direction. The first Pad point 140 is connected to a plurality of first grid lines 110. The second grid lines 120 around the first Pad point 140 are provided with insulating adhesive 150. The insulating adhesive 150 electrically isolates the second grid lines 120 from the first Pad point 140.

[0037] In this invention, the edge main grid is eliminated. An edge grid line 130 extending in a second direction is provided on the side edge of the back surface of the solar cell 100, and the edge grid line 130 is connected to the second grid line 120. Simultaneously, a first pad point 140 is provided at the end of the solar cell 100, and the first pad point 140 is connected to several first grid lines 110. This allows edge-generated photoelectrons to be quickly collected by the first grid line 110 and the second grid line 120, enhancing edge electron absorption, increasing the fill factor, and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100. Furthermore, the first pad point 140 also reduces the risk of poor soldering. Insulating adhesive 150 is provided on the second grid line 120 around the first pad point 140 to electrically isolate the second grid line 120 from the first pad point 140, preventing current leakage between fine grids of different polarities and avoiding the risk of short circuits.

[0038] Furthermore, traditional solar cells require a wide area to cover the edge grid to achieve current collection. In this invention, the edge region 100A of the solar cell only needs to retain the first grid line 110, the second grid line 120 and the edge grid line 130 to achieve the current collection function. There are no continuous grid lines, and the area of ​​the first Pad point 140 is much smaller than that of the traditional grid, which can save the edge grid paste and reduce costs.

[0039] It should be noted that the first direction and the second direction intersect. Preferably, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other; more preferably, the first direction is the lateral direction of the solar cell 100, and the second direction is the longitudinal direction of the solar cell 100, and the two are perpendicular to each other. Of course, in other embodiments, the first direction and the second direction can also be other directions, and the present invention does not limit them.

[0040] Specifically, the solar cell 100 includes an edge region 100A and a main body region 100B along a first direction. The main body region 100B is located between the edge regions 100A. The solar cell 100 has two oppositely arranged edges in the first direction. The edge regions 100A are two areas on the solar cell 100 located near the two edges, and the area formed between the two areas is the main body region 100B. The first Pad point 140 is located in the edge region 100A.

[0041] Please see Figure 2 The first Pad point 140 includes several first segments 141 connected to the first grid line 110, and second segments 142 connecting two adjacent first segments 141. The first segments 141 extend along a first direction, and the second segments 142 extend along a second direction. A welding area is formed between two adjacent first segments 141 and second segments 142. The second grid line 120 is disposed outside the welding area. In this invention, the arrangement of the first segments 141 and second segments 142 in the first Pad point 140 increases the effective welding contact area and can also disperse stress concentration during welding, further reducing the risk of incomplete soldering. The first segment 141 of the first Pad point 140 is directly connected to multiple first gate lines 110, which can simultaneously collect currents from different first gate lines 110, equivalent to forming a "miniature busbar" locally. The first segment 141 connects adjacent cross sections into a whole, further expanding the current collection range and ensuring that photogenerated electrons in the edge region 100A can quickly flow into the first Pad point 140 through the first gate lines 110, working in conjunction with the edge gate line 130 to further improve the fill factor. It can be understood that the first gate line 110 and the second gate line 120 are of opposite polarities, while the second gate line 120 and the edge gate line 130 have the same polarity.

[0042] Furthermore, the edge grid lines 130 are intermittently arranged on both sides of the solar cell 100, which enhances the mechanical strength of the second grid lines 120 and balances the current density between the edge and center regions of the cell, reducing power loss caused by uneven current distribution at the edges. Specifically, the edge grid lines 130 extend uninterruptedly along the second direction from the second grid lines 120 between the extension lines of the first segment 141 to the second grid lines 120 between adjacent first Pad points 140, and are connected to all the second grid lines 120, concentrating the dispersed current of the second grid lines 120 to the edge of the cell, forming a lateral conductive network that replaces the current collection function of the traditional main grid. It should be noted that the extension line of the first segment 141 of the first Pad point 140 refers to the extension line of the first segment 141 of the first Pad point 140 along the first direction. The first gate line 110, the second gate line 120, and the edge gate line 130 are made of the same material. "Same material" here means that the raw materials used in the fabrication of the edge gate line 130, the first gate line 110, and the second gate line 120 are the same. However, in later testing results, slight variations in their composition may occur due to the inclusion of various intermediate structures, which falls within the acceptable margin of error in this field. Optionally, the main components of the edge gate line 130, the first gate line 110, and the second gate line 120 can be metals such as aluminum, silver, copper, tin, titanium, and tungsten, or their alloys. This application does not specifically limit the materials of the edge gate line 130, the first gate line 110, and the second gate line 120.

[0043] It is understood that both ends of the solar cell 100 may be provided with first Pad points 140, and each first Pad point 140 is connected to a first grid line 110, so as to collect the current on the first grid line 110 in the edge region 100A through the first Pad points 140, and collect the current on the second grid line 120 in the edge region 100A through the edge grid line 130. Alternatively, the first Pad point 140 at one end of the solar cell 100 is connected to the first grid line 110, and the first Pad point 140 at the other end is connected to the second grid line 120, so as to collect the current on the first grid line 110 in the middle edge region 100A through the first Pad points 140, and collect the current on the second grid line 120 through the edge grid line 130; in the edge region 100A at the other end, the current on the first grid line 110 is collected through the edge grid line 130, and the current on the second grid line 120 is collected through the first Pad point 140. Of course, the first Pad point 140 can also be provided at only one end of the solar cell 100. In this case, the first Pad point 140 can be connected to the first grid line 110 or the second grid line 120.

[0044] Accordingly, the insulating adhesive 150 includes insulating strip A151 and insulating strip B152. Specifically, insulating strip A151 covers the second grid line 120 between adjacent first Pad points 140. Insulating strip A151 physically isolates and blocks the electrical connection between the first segment 141 of the first Pad point 140 and the second grid line 120, thereby avoiding short circuits. If the second grid line 120 is not isolated, lateral conduction may occur due to metal diffusion or process errors in the first Pad point 140. Insulating strip B152 covers the second grid line 120 located between the extension lines of the first segment 141 of the first Pad point 140, which can prevent the second grid line 120 at this position from interfering with the first Pad point 140, ensuring that the first Pad point 140 is only connected to the first grid line 110, and preventing cross-polarity short circuits. In this invention, the combined arrangement of insulating strips A151 and B152 eliminates the possibility of lateral and longitudinal conductivity of the welding area of ​​the second grid line 120 at the first Pad point 140, achieving omnidirectional insulation between the opposite polarity grid line and the first Pad point 140. This ensures that the current at each Pad point originates only from the area of ​​the first grid line 110 it connects to, avoiding cross-contamination of current. Simultaneously, insulating strip B152 reduces the risk of short circuits caused by lateral positioning errors of the Pad point by covering the fixed areas on both sides of the lateral segment of the first Pad point 140. Insulating strip A151 reduces the risk of short circuits caused by longitudinal arrangement errors of the first Pad points 140 by covering the second grid line 120 between adjacent first Pad points 140. This reduces the dependence of edge-mounted gridless solar cells on high-precision layout, improving the stability and yield of mass production processes. It should be noted that the extension line of the first segment 141 of the first Pad point 140 refers to the extension line of the first segment 141 of the first Pad point 140 along the first direction.

[0045] In some embodiments, a first preset distance L1 exists between the insulating strip B152 near the edge of the solar cell 100 and the second segment 142 along a first direction, and the third preset distance L1 is 0.2mm-1.5mm. A second preset distance L2 exists between the insulating strip B152 away from the edge of the solar cell 100 and the second segment 142 along the first direction, and the second preset distance L2 is 0.2mm-1.5mm. This can prevent the insulating strip B152 from covering the welding area, ensure that the current in the first Pad point 140 flows through the second segment 142, and at the same time prevent the insulation strip B152 from being too close, which would increase the conduction resistance.

[0046] In some embodiments, the width W1 of the second segment 142 in the first direction is 0.05mm-0.6mm. Based on this design, the contact resistance of the second segment 142 is low, which can reduce power loss and improve mechanical connection strength, avoiding desoldering during lamination or use.

[0047] Furthermore, the insulating adhesive 150 also includes an insulating strip C153, which covers the first grid lines 110 at both ends of the first segment 141, physically isolating the first grid lines 110 from the second grid lines 120 and the edge grid lines 130 at the edges, further preventing short circuits between grid lines of opposite polarity, and ensuring that the edge grid lines 130 are only connected to the second grid lines 120. Combined with the insulating strip A151 and the insulator B, full-area insulation protection is achieved for the welding area.

[0048] The insulating adhesive 150 has multiple material options, including but not limited to UV adhesive or heat-sensitive adhesive. Insulating strips A151, B152, and C153 can be made of the same insulating material or different insulating materials; this application does not specifically limit this. The shapes and sizes of insulating strips A151, B152, and C153 can be equal or unequal. In some embodiments, the area of ​​insulating strip A151 is larger than the area of ​​insulating strip B152, and the area of ​​insulating strip B152 is equal to the area of ​​insulating strip C153.

[0049] In some embodiments, a third preset distance L3 exists between the insulating strip C153 near the edge of the solar cell 100 and the first segment 141 along a first direction, the third preset distance L3 being 1.5mm-7.5mm; a third preset distance L4 exists between the insulating strip C153 away from the edge of the solar cell 100 and the first segment 141 along a first direction, the fourth preset distance L4 being 2mm-7.5mm. This can prevent the insulating strip C153 from covering the connection end between the first segment 141 and the first grid line 110, ensuring that the current collected by the first grid line 110 is efficiently channeled into the first Pad point 140 through the first segment 141, maintaining low contact resistance.

[0050] In some embodiments, the width W2 of the first segment 141 in the second direction is 0.1mm-0.45mm. Based on this design, the larger the contact area between the first segment 141 and the first gate line 110, the lower the current density per unit area, the less Joule heat loss, and the higher the current collection efficiency. At the same time, the risk of the first Pad point 140 breaking or the solder strip falling off can be reduced.

[0051] Understandably, the first Pad point 140 is connected to several first gate lines 110 arranged adjacent to each other along the second direction, facilitating the collection of current on each first gate line 110 in the edge region 100A. Please refer to... Figure 2, the first Pad point 140 is connected to two of the first gate lines 110. That is, the first segment 141 of the first Pad point 140 is connected to two adjacent first gate lines 110. At this time, the orthographic projection structure of the first Pad point 140 is in the shape of a "工" character. Based on this design, the number of connections of the first gate line 110 is relatively small, the structure layout is relatively simple, and the current convergence path is relatively concentrated, which helps to improve the stability of the battery structure. Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the first Pad point 140 is connected to three of the first gate lines 110. That is, the first segment 141 of the first Pad point 140 is connected to three adjacent first gate lines 110. At this time, the orthographic projection structure of the first Pad point 140 is in the shape of a "王" character. Based on this design, the number of connections of the first gate line 110 is moderate. Compared with connecting two gate lines, the current output will be more concentrated, which helps to improve the output power of the battery, and there will be no excessive stress problems due to overly complex structures, and a better balance can be achieved between structural stability and electrical performance. Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the first Pad point 140 is connected to four of the first gate lines 110. That is, the first segment 141 of the first Pad point 140 is connected to four adjacent first gate lines 110. Based on this design, the number of connections of the first gate line 110 is relatively large, and the current can be converged to a greater extent, resulting in a relatively large increase in the output power of the battery. However, it also increases the complexity of the structure, and the stress at the connection points between the first Pad point 140 and the first gate line 110 increases, and structural problems such as loosening and fracture of the connection points may occur, affecting the service life of the battery.

[0052] Optionally, please refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9The solar cell 100 also has a second pad 160 on its back side, located in the main body region 100B. The second pad 160 is connected to the first grid line 110 or the second grid line 120 in the main body region 100B, increasing local current collection in the main body region 100B and can be used to fix the solder strips in the main body region 100B, reducing the risk of microcracks in the solar cell 100. The projected area of ​​the second pad 160 can be less than or equal to the area of ​​the first pad 140. The shape of the second pad 160 includes, but is not limited to, triangles, rectangles, squares, L-shapes, trapezoids, circles, and irregular shapes. Specifically, the triangle can be a right-angled triangle, an equilateral triangle, an isosceles triangle, or a regular triangle; the trapezoid can be a right-angled trapezoid, an isosceles trapezoid, or a regular trapezoid. The invention does not impose specific limitations on the shape of the first pad 140 and the second pad 160. It is understood that "same materials" here refers to the use of the same raw materials in preparing the first Pad point 140 and the second Pad point 160. However, in later testing results, the composition may undergo slight changes due to the arrangement of various intermediate structures, which falls within the margin of error in this field. Optionally, the main components of the materials of the first Pad point 140 and the second Pad point 160 may be metals such as aluminum, silver, copper, tin, titanium, and tungsten, or their alloys. This application does not specifically limit the materials of the first Pad point 140 and the second Pad point 160.

[0053] Furthermore, an insulating adhesive 150 is provided on the back of the solar cell 100, and the insulating adhesive 150 is provided on the main body area 100B; the insulating adhesive 150 is provided on the first grid line 110 or the second grid line 120, which electrically isolates the second Pad point 160 from the first grid line 110 or the second grid line 120, so as to prevent the second Pad point 160 from being short-circuited due to conduction with its opposite grid line.

[0054] Accordingly, the present invention also provides a solar cell module, including the solar cell 100.

[0055] Understandably, the solar cell module may also include a metal frame, a front panel, a back panel, and an encapsulant film.

[0056] The backplate can protect and support the battery series, and has reliable insulation, water resistance and aging resistance. The backplate can be selected from multiple materials, such as tempered glass, plexiglass, aluminum alloy TPT composite film, KPC, CPC, etc. The specific design can be set according to the specific situation, and no specific limitation is made in this application.

[0057] A front panel, such as photovoltaic glass, can cover the encapsulant film on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell. The front panel can be ultra-clear glass, which has high light transmittance, high transparency, and superior physical, mechanical, and optical properties. For example, the light transmittance of ultra-clear glass can reach over 92%, which can protect the solar cell without affecting its efficiency as much as possible. Simultaneously, the encapsulant film can bond the front panel and the solar cell together. The encapsulant film can seal, insulate, and waterproof and moisture-proof the solar cell. Multiple encapsulant films are available, including but not limited to one or more layers of EPE encapsulant film, EVA encapsulant film, POE encapsulant film, and EVA-POE encapsulant film. The entire assembly consisting of the back panel, solar cell, encapsulant film, and front panel can be mounted on a metal frame. The metal frame serves as the main external support structure for the entire solar cell module and can provide stable support and installation for the solar cell module. For example, the solar cell module can be installed at the desired location using the metal frame.

[0058] Accordingly, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic system comprising the aforementioned solar cell modules. It is understood that the individual solar cell modules can be electrically connected in parallel or in series, depending on actual needs.

[0059] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic system can be applied in photovoltaic power plants, such as ground-mounted power plants, rooftop power plants, and floating power plants. It can also be applied to equipment or devices that utilize solar energy to generate electricity, such as user solar power supplies, solar streetlights, solar cars, and solar buildings. Of course, it is understood that the application scenarios of the photovoltaic system are not limited to these; that is, the photovoltaic system can be applied in all fields that require solar energy to generate electricity. Taking a photovoltaic power generation system network as an example, the photovoltaic system may include a photovoltaic array, a combiner box, and an inverter. The photovoltaic array may be an array combination of multiple battery modules; for example, multiple battery modules can form multiple photovoltaic arrays. The photovoltaic array is connected to the combiner box, which can collect the current generated by the photovoltaic array. The collected current flows through the inverter and is converted into AC power required by the mains power grid before being connected to the mains power grid to achieve solar power supply.

[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Therefore, any equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that, The back of the solar cell is provided with a plurality of first grid lines and a plurality of second grid lines, the first grid lines and the second grid lines being parallel to each other along a first direction and alternating with each other; The side edge of the back surface of the solar cell is provided with an edge grid line extending in a second direction, and the edge grid line is connected to the second grid line; Along the first direction, a first Pad point is provided at the end of the solar cell. The first Pad points are arranged along the second direction and are connected to a plurality of first grid lines. Insulating adhesive is provided on the second grid lines around the first Pad points, and the insulating adhesive electrically isolates the second grid lines from the first Pad points.

2. The solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first Pad point is connected to several first grid lines arranged adjacent to each other along the second direction.

3. The solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first Pad point includes several first segments connected to the first grid line, and a second segment connecting two adjacent first segments. The first segment extends along a first direction, and the second segment extends along a second direction. A welding area is formed between two adjacent first segments and second segments, and the second grid line is disposed outside the welding area.

4. The solar cell as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The insulating adhesive includes insulating strip A and insulating strip B, wherein insulating strip A covers the second grid line between adjacent first Pad points; The insulating strip B covers the second grid line between the extension lines of the first segment located at the first Pad point.

5. The solar cell as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The insulating adhesive also includes an insulating strip C, which covers the first grid lines at both ends of the first segment.

6. The solar cell according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The first Pad point is connected to the two first gate lines.

7. The solar cell according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The first Pad point is connected to the three first gate lines.

8. The solar cell according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The first Pad point is connected to the four first gate lines.

9. The solar cell as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The edge grid lines are intermittently arranged on both sides of the solar cell. The edge grid lines extend uninterruptedly along the second direction from the second grid lines between the extension lines of the first segment to the second grid lines between adjacent first Pad points, and are connected to all the second grid lines.

10. The solar cell as described in claim 4, characterized in that, There is a first preset distance L1 between the insulating strip B near the edge of the solar cell and the second segment along the first direction, and the third preset distance L1 is 0.2mm-1.5mm.

11. The solar cell as described in claim 4, characterized in that, There is a second preset distance L2 between the insulating strip B, which is away from the edge of the solar cell, and the second segment along the first direction. The second preset distance L2 is 0.2mm-1.5mm.

12. The solar cell as described in claim 5, characterized in that, There is a third preset distance L3 between the insulating strip C near the edge of the solar cell and the first segment along the first direction, the third preset distance L3 being 1.5mm-7.5mm.

13. The solar cell as described in claim 5, characterized in that, There is a third preset distance L4 between the insulating strip C, which is away from the edge of the solar cell, and the first segment along the first direction. The fourth preset distance L4 is 2mm-7.5mm.

14. The solar cell as described in claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, The width of the first segment in the second direction is 0.1mm-0.45mm.

15. The solar cell as described in claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, The width of the second segment in the first direction is 0.05mm-0.6mm.

16. The solar cell as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The solar cell includes an edge region and a main body region along a first direction, with the main body region disposed between the edge regions; The first Pad point is located in the edge region.

17. The solar cell as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that, The back of the solar cell is also provided with a second Pad point, which is located in the main body area; The second Pad point is connected to the first or second grid line in the main body area.

18. The solar cell as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that, In the main body area, an insulating adhesive is also provided on the back of the solar cell, and the insulating adhesive is provided in the main body area; The insulating adhesive is applied to the first or second grid line to electrically isolate the second Pad point from the first or second grid line.

19. The solar cell as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating adhesive is a UV adhesive or a heat-sensitive adhesive.

20. A solar cell module, characterized in that, Including the solar cell as described in any one of claims 1-19.

21. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that, Includes the solar cell module as described in claim 20.

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