A treatment method for promoting seed germination of carex gryllus and carex muliensis

Abstract

The application provides a treatment method for promoting seed germination of Carex gynaecorum and Carex muliensis, and relates to the technical field of wet meadow population propagation. The treatment method is to set different soil burial depths and cover the community litter of the wet meadow on the soil surface to promote the seed germination of Carex gynaecorum and Carex muliensis. The application overcomes the defects of the prior art, can improve the germination rate of the seeds of Carex gynaecorum and Carex muliensis to a certain extent, promotes the growth of Carex gynaecorum and Carex muliensis, and provides a direction for artificial breeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wet meadow population propagation technology, specifically to a treatment method for promoting the germination of seeds of *Kobresia humifusa* and *Carex muscatica*. Background Technology

[0002] Wet meadows are ecosystems with drastic fluctuations in environmental conditions. The seeds of common plant species (such as *Carex muslina* and *Kobresia lucida*) usually adopt a "multiple bets and risk sharing" germination strategy, resulting in a generally low seed germination rate under natural conditions.

[0003] As a plant of the genus *Kobresia*, *Kobresia lucida* generally has a low seed germination rate, less than 20% under natural conditions, and sometimes only around 10%. Its germination is mainly affected by the dual influence of seed coat mechanical restriction and physiological dormancy. At present, artificial cultivation of *Kobresia lucida* generally promotes its germination by treating seeds with plant growth regulators or by altering the temperature to improve seed vigor. However, such treatment methods are relatively complex and inconvenient for large-scale propagation of *Kobresia lucida*.

[0004] Caragana korshinskii is a key species in wet meadows, playing an irreplaceable role in maintaining the structure, function, and biodiversity of the ecosystem. However, because the seeds of Caragana korshinskii exhibit dormancy, they require specific conditions (such as low-temperature stratification, light treatment, or chemical treatment) to break dormancy before germination. In nature, the germination rate of Caragana korshinskii seeds is low, generally below 20%, and the growth efficiency is also low, which poses certain challenges for artificial propagation and subsequent research. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a treatment method for promoting the germination of *Kobresia humile* and *Carex muscatella* seeds. This method can improve the germination rate of *Kobresia humile* and *Carex muscatella* to a certain extent and promote their growth, thus providing a direction for artificial propagation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A treatment method for promoting the germination of seeds of *Kobresia lucida* and *Carex muslina*, the treatment method comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Collect mature seeds of *Kobresia humile* and *Carex muscatella*, remove the glumes, and obtain pretreated *Kobresia humile* seeds and pretreated *Carex muscatella* seeds for later use;

[0009] (2) The pretreated seeds of Kobresia hookensis and the pretreated seeds of Caryophyllum truncatum were buried in the soil, and then the soil surface was covered with community litter from the wet meadow. The soil burial depth of the pretreated seeds of Kobresia hookensis was controlled to be 5 mm, and the soil burial depth of the pretreated seeds of Caryophyllum truncatum was controlled to be 10 mm or 30 mm.

[0010] Preferably, in step (1), the mature seeds of *Sedge scutellaria baicalensis* and *Carex muscatella* are collected and placed in a cool, ventilated place for 3-7 days before the glumes are removed.

[0011] Preferably, the pretreated hook-shaped sedge seeds and the pretreated woody sedge seeds in step (1) are stored in a cool and dry place for later use.

[0012] Preferably, in step (2), the amount of community litter used to cover the soil surface with wet meadow is 130-140 g / m². 2 .

[0013] Preferably, the mass percentage of community litter composition in the wet meadow in step (2) is as follows: 20%-30% of *Carex muslina*, 15%-25% of *Carex sylvatica*, 12%-18% of *Polygonum amphibianum*, 7%-12% of *Hymenopterus xanthipes*, 7%-12% of *Potentilla chinensis*, 6%-11% of *Potentilla chinensis*, and 3%-7% of *Kobresia scoparia*.

[0014] This invention provides a treatment method for promoting the germination of seeds of *Kobresia lucida* and *Carex muslina*, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0015] This invention improves the germination rate of *Kobresia hookeri* and *Carex muscatella* seeds to a certain extent by controlling the soil burial depth and using wet meadow litter as a cover, and further promotes the growth of *Kobresia hookeri* and *Carex muscatella*, increasing the accumulation of aboveground and total biomass of *Kobresia hookeri* and *Carex muscatella*, thus providing a direction for the artificial propagation of *Kobresia hookeri* and *Carex muscatella*. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the germination rate of *Kobresia lucida* and *Carex melilotus* under various treatments in an embodiment of the present invention, where A is a bar chart of the germination rate of *Kobresia lucida*; and B is a bar chart of the germination rate of *Carex melilotus*.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the biomass of *Kobresia humile* seedlings under various treatments in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein A is a columnar schematic diagram of the aboveground biomass of *Kobresia humile* seedlings under various treatments; and B is a columnar schematic diagram of the total biomass of *Kobresia humile* seedlings under various treatments.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the biomass of *Carex muslina* seedlings under various treatments in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein A is a bar chart of aboveground biomass of *Carex muslina* seedlings under various treatments; and B is a bar chart of total biomass of *Carex muslina* seedlings under various treatments.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a bar chart illustrating the germination rate of *Carex yunnanensis* under various treatments in the comparative examples of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1:

[0021] Experiment on the germination and growth of *Kobresia lucida*:

[0022] 1. During the seed maturity period of *Kobresia buergeriana*, its seeds were collected from the wet meadow of Napa Sea. After being placed in a cool and ventilated place indoors for 3 days, pretreatment was carried out to remove the glumes. Then the seeds were mixed evenly, packed into seed bags, and stored in a cool and dry storage room for later use.

[0023] Collect soil from the wet meadow at a depth of 0-20 cm, pass it through a coarse sieve in situ to remove impurities such as roots and small stones, and transport it back to the laboratory to dry for later use.

[0024] Set up an area of ​​600 m² within the wet meadow. 2 A large quadrat (20 m × 30 m) was constructed, consisting of 24 smaller quadrats (5 m × 5 m). Eight smaller quadrats were randomly selected, and each smaller quadrat was further divided into two subquadrats. Litter was collected from one of these subquadrats at random. The total sampling area was 100 m². 2 (8 subplots × 12.5 m) 2 (Subplot). Disposable rubber gloves were used during collection to ensure all litter was collected without omission, and to avoid mixing with topsoil and large debris (such as stones and animal feces). The collected litter was thoroughly mixed and placed in a breathable sample bag, which was then transported back to the laboratory along with the soil sample. The species composition of the dried litter is shown in Table 1 below:

[0025] Table 1

[0026]

[0027] 2. Pre-experimental treatment of soil and litter:

[0028] Before using the soil, kill the seeds by drying it in an oven at 105℃ for 5 hours, and then mix it evenly.

[0029] In the laboratory, all collected litter was mixed evenly and spread on clean kraft paper, then placed in a well-ventilated, dark, and dust-free environment to air dry naturally for 1 day. Before use, the litter was dried in an oven at 70℃ for 3 hours until constant weight, and the seeds were killed by the high temperature. The total dry weight of the litter was measured, and the calculated dry weight of litter per unit area of ​​the wet meadow community was 134.22 g / m². -2 .

[0030] 3. Experimental setup for soil burial depth and litter cover:

[0031] Germination experiments with different burial depths and litter coverage were conducted in segmented seedling trays (3 compartments × 4 compartments, compartment dimensions: 12 cm long × 12 cm wide × 10 cm high). Each compartment was pre-filled with 4 cm of subsoil.

[0032] A total of 10 treatments were set up (5 at soil depths of 0 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm, and 2 at litter cover levels of no litter cover (0 g / m²)). -2 ) and covered with litter (134.22 g / m³) -2 Each treatment had 5 replicates, with 20 plump, firm seeds per replicate. Each replicate of each treatment occupied one cell, for a total of 50 cells (10 treatments x 5 replicates). Each replicate of each treatment was randomly assigned to a cell in the seedling tray and labeled. The seedling trays were placed on uniformly high iron frames inside the greenhouse. All ventilation windows of the greenhouse were covered with fine-mesh nylon netting to ensure ventilation while preventing wind-borne seeding of other species. Water was sprayed into the cells of the seedling trays daily to keep the soil moist, with the same amount of water sprayed into each cell. The germination experiment lasted for 6 weeks. After the experiment, seed germination rate and plant biomass were measured.

[0033] 4. Methods for determining relevant results:

[0034] (1) After the germination experiment, the number of seedlings for each treatment and each replicate was recorded to calculate the germination rate, which is calculated as (number of seedlings / 20) × 100%.

[0035] (2) Plant biomass determination: The soil from each cell was gently removed, placed in a nylon bag, and soaked in water for 1 hour. After the soil was loosened and diluted, the intact seedlings from each cell were sorted out. The rootstock junction of each intact seedling was cut open with scissors to obtain aboveground and underground biomass. The aboveground and underground parts of all seedlings in each replicate of each treatment were placed in envelopes and dried in an oven (65°C) to constant weight to obtain their biomass. The average aboveground biomass and total biomass of each seedling in each replicate of each treatment were calculated.

[0036] The specific results are shown in Tables 2-4 below. Figure 1-2 As shown in the table (S0 represents a burial depth of 0 mm, S5 represents a burial depth of 5 mm, S10 represents a burial depth of 10 mm, S20 represents a burial depth of 20 mm, and S30 represents a burial depth of 30 mm. L0 represents no litter cover, and L1 represents litter cover):

[0037] Table 2 Germination rates of *Kobresia lucida* under different treatments

[0038]

[0039] Table 3. Aboveground biomass of *Kobresia lucida* seedlings under different treatments

[0040]

[0041] Table 4 Total biomass of *Kobresia lucida* seedlings under different treatments

[0042]

[0043] As shown in the table above, *Kobresia lucida* basically does not germinate when buried at depths of 0 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm without litter cover. When litter cover is present, the germination rate reaches 25% at a depth of 5 mm, which is significantly higher than the conventional condition. Furthermore, the overall aboveground biomass and total biomass are also relatively high under the conditions of 5 mm burial depth and litter cover. Example 2:

[0044] Experiment on the germination and growth of Caragana korshinskii:

[0045] 1. During the seed maturity period of *Carex muslina*, collect its seeds in the wet meadow of Napa Sea. After placing them in a cool and ventilated place indoors for 3 days, perform pretreatment to remove the glumes. Then mix the seeds evenly, pack them into seed bags, and store them in a cool and dry storage room for later use.

[0046] The experimental procedures for setting the remaining soil burial depth and litter are the same as in Example 1.

[0047] The specific results are shown in Tables 5-7 below. Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown in the table (S0 represents a burial depth of 0 mm, S5 represents a burial depth of 5 mm, S10 represents a burial depth of 10 mm, S20 represents a burial depth of 20 mm, and S30 represents a burial depth of 30 mm. L0 represents no litter cover, and L1 represents litter cover):

[0048] Table 5 Germination rate of *Caragana korshinskii* under different treatments

[0049]

[0050] Table 6. Aboveground biomass of *Caragana korshinskii* seedlings under different treatments

[0051]

[0052] Table 7 Total biomass of *Caragana korshinskii* seedlings under different treatments

[0053]

[0054] As shown in the table above, the germination rate of *Carex muslina* was highest when the soil depth was 0mm, 10mm, and 30mm and covered with litter. However, the total biomass of *Carex muslina* after 6 weeks of growth was relatively high when the soil depth was 10mm, 20mm, and 30mm and covered with litter. Overall, the germination and growth of *Carex muslina* were best when the soil depth was 10mm and 30mm and covered with litter.

[0055] Comparative example:

[0056] Referring to the specific experimental method of Example 2 above, only the seeds of *Caragana korshinskii* were replaced with those of *Caragana scabra*. The germination rate of *Caragana scabra* over 6 weeks was calculated under different soil burial depths and with or without litter cover. The results are shown in Table 8 below. Figure 4 As shown:

[0057] Table 8 Germination rates of *Caragana korshinskii* under different treatments

[0058]

[0059] As shown in the table above, the germination rate of *Carex yunnanensis* is highest when the soil burial depth is 5 mm and there is no litter cover. As the soil burial depth increases, the germination rate decreases significantly. In addition, the germination rate increases when litter is covered at soil burial depths of 0 mm and 30 mm compared to when litter is not covered. At other burial depths, the germination rate decreases with the addition of litter, which is completely different from the germination rate patterns of *Carex muscatella* and *Kobresia spp.* mentioned above.

[0060] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A treatment method for promoting the germination of *Caragana korshinskii* seeds, characterized in that, The processing method includes the following steps: (1) Collect mature seeds of Caragana korshinskii, remove the glumes, and obtain pretreated Caragana korshinskii seeds for later use; (2) The pretreated *Carex muslina* seeds were buried in the soil, and then covered with community litter from the wet meadow on the soil surface; the soil burial depth of the pretreated *Carex muslina* seeds was controlled to be 10 mm or 30 mm; the amount of community litter used to cover the soil surface was 130-140 g / m². 2 The composition of litter in the wet meadow community is as follows: 20%-30% *Carex muslina*, 15%-25% *Carex sylvatica*, 12%-18% *Polygonum amphibianum*, 7%-12% *Hymenopterus xanthipes*, 7%-12% *Potentilla chinensis*, 6%-11% *Potentilla chinensis*, and 3%-7% *Kobresia scoparia*.

2. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the mature seeds of *Caragana korshinskii* are collected and placed in a cool, ventilated place for 3-7 days before the glumes are removed.

3. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the pretreated *Caragana korshinskii* seeds are stored in a cool, dry place for later use.

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