Annwoodia sp. strain and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a strain of Annwoodia capable of chemotrophic sulfur oxidation and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microorganisms and environmental protection. The strain is identified as a new species of the genus Annwoodia through phylogenetic analysis, and is named Annwoodia sp. ZLY-01 with a preservation number of GDMCC NO: 68054. The strain ZLY-01 can oxidize thiosulfate and thiocyanate under aerobic conditions, and can also simultaneously perform sulfur oxidation and denitrification under anaerobic conditions, and can denitrify nitrate nitrogen into gaseous nitrogen. In summary, the application enriches the diversity of chemotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and has a certain application prospect in the treatment of sulfur and nitrogen pollution water bodies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microbiology and environmental protection technology, and specifically relates to a chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium of the genus Annwoodia and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Sulfotrophic microorganisms are key participants in the Earth's sulfur cycle. Sulfur exists in multiple oxidation states ranging from -2 to +6, and sulfur autotrophic microorganisms drive the transformation of sulfur compounds through oxidation, reduction, and disproportionation reactions, closely coupling with the biogeochemical cycles of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and iron. Furthermore, sulfur autotrophic metabolism is considered one of the oldest energy metabolism methods on Earth. Sulfotrophic bacteria utilize specialized enzyme systems (such as the Sox system) to oxidize different forms of sulfur compounds. Simultaneously, sulfur autotrophic microorganisms also play a crucial role in denitrification. Sulfotrophic denitrification (SADN) utilizes chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria with RISCs (such as sulfides and thiosulfates) as electron donors, requiring no organic carbon source and significantly reducing sludge production compared to heterotrophic denitrification (HD). This process catalyzes sulfur oxidation through enzyme systems such as SOX and SQR, and synergistically completes denitrification with nitrate reductases (Nar, Nir, etc.). The functional bacteria responsible for the SADN process are chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, mainly belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria, including genera such as Thiobacillus, Thiomonas, and Paracoccus. Among them, the family Thiobaccillaceae is a classic example of chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Currently, there are four identified genera in the family Thiobaccillaceae: Annwoodia, Parasulfuritortus, Sulfuritortus, and Thiobacillus.

[0003] Therefore, exploring potential new species of the Thiobacillaceae family and studying their sulfur oxidation characteristics and applications is crucial for biological denitrification, desulfurization, and expanding the resource pool of key microorganisms for environmental biotechnology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium of the genus Annwoodia.

[0005] The second objective of this invention is to provide applications of the above-mentioned chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Annwoodia.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium of the genus Annwoodia, named Annwoodia sp. ZLY-01, which was deposited on April 7, 2026 at the Guangdong Provincial Center for Microbial Culture Collection, with accession number GDMCC NO: 68054; the address of the collection center is Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 5th Floor, Building 59, No. 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.

[0008] The strain ZLY-01 is a chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing microorganism that uses sodium bicarbonate as a carbon source, sodium thiosulfate or sodium thiocyanate as an electron donor, and oxygen or nitrate as an electron acceptor.

[0009] The strain ZLY-01 can use sodium thiosulfate or sodium thiocyanate as electron donors and oxygen as electron acceptors under aerobic conditions.

[0010] The strain ZLY-01 can use sodium thiosulfate or sodium thiocyanate as electron donors and nitrate as electron acceptors under anaerobic conditions.

[0011] The strain ZLY-01 was grown under normal oxygen conditions using sodium thiosulfate as an electron donor at a temperature of 26–40 °C.

[0012] The strain ZLY-01 grows under normal aerobic conditions using sodium thiosulfate as an electron donor at a pH of 7–9.

[0013] The strain ZLY-01 was grown under normal oxygen conditions using sodium thiosulfate as an electron donor with a NaCl concentration of 0–10 g / L.

[0014] This invention provides the application of the above-mentioned chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Annwoodia in redox sulfur compounds.

[0015] Furthermore, the application includes the following steps:

[0016] The aforementioned chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Annwoodia were grown in an environment containing reduced sulfur compounds. Furthermore, the environment included at least one of water and soil.

[0017] Furthermore, the redox sulfur compound is obtained by oxidizing the reduced sulfur compound into sulfate.

[0018] Furthermore, the reduced sulfur compound includes at least one of thiosulfate and thiocyanate; even further, the thiosulfate includes sodium thiosulfate and / or potassium thiosulfate, and the thiocyanate includes sodium thiocyanate and / or potassium thiocyanate.

[0019] Furthermore, the growth is carried out at an oxygen concentration of 0.01–21%.

[0020] Furthermore, the growth temperature is 26–40°C; even further, it is 30–40°C; and still further, it is 35–40°C.

[0021] Furthermore, the pH for growth is 7–9; even further, it is 7–8; and still further, it is 8.0 ± 0.1.

[0022] Furthermore, the salinity of the growth is 0–10 g / L; even further, it is 0–5 g / L.

[0023] This invention provides the application of the above-mentioned chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Annwoodia in sulfur autotrophic denitrification under low oxygen conditions.

[0024] Furthermore, the application includes the following steps:

[0025] The aforementioned chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genus *Annwoodia* were grown in a low-oxygen environment containing reduced sulfur compounds and inorganic nitrogen sources. Furthermore, the environment included at least one of water and soil.

[0026] Furthermore, the sulfur autotrophy involves oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds into sulfates. The denitrification involves reducing nitrogen from an inorganic nitrogen source into gaseous nitrogen; further, the gaseous nitrogen is nitrous oxide.

[0027] Furthermore, the reduced sulfur compound includes at least one of thiosulfate and thiocyanate; even further, the thiosulfate includes sodium thiosulfate and / or potassium thiosulfate, and the thiocyanate includes sodium thiocyanate and / or potassium thiocyanate.

[0028] Furthermore, the inorganic nitrogen source includes at least one of nitrate and nitrite; further, the nitrate includes sodium nitrate and / or potassium nitrate, and the nitrite includes sodium nitrite and / or potassium nitrite.

[0029] The strain ZLY-01 is able to denitrify nitrate nitrogen into gaseous nitrogen during the oxidation of thiosulfate.

[0030] The strain ZLY-01 is able to denitrify nitrate nitrogen into gaseous nitrogen during the degradation of thiocyanate.

[0031] The aforementioned low oxygen refers to conditions where the oxygen concentration is between 0.01% and 2%.

[0032] Furthermore, the growth temperature is 26–40°C; even further, it is 30–40°C; and still further, it is 35–40°C.

[0033] Furthermore, the pH for growth is 7–9; even further, it is 7–8; and still further, it is 8.0 ± 0.1.

[0034] Furthermore, the salinity of the growth is 0–10 g / L; even further, it is 0–5 g / L.

[0035] The present invention has the following advantages and effects compared with the prior art:

[0036] The strain provided in this invention has been identified as a new species of the genus *Annwoodia* through phylogenetic analysis, enriching the diversity of chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Strain ZLY-01 can oxidize thiosulfate and thiocyanate under aerobic conditions, and can also simultaneously oxidize sulfur and denitrify under anaerobic conditions, denitrifying nitrate nitrogen into gaseous nitrogen. In summary, this bacterium shows promising application potential in the treatment of sulfur and nitrogen-polluted water bodies. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 The images show the colony morphology of strain ZLY-01 and a high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscope image (15.0 K).

[0038] Figure 2 This is a phylogenetic tree constructed based on the 16S rDNA of strain ZLY-01.

[0039] Figure 3 The graph shows the ANI value analysis results based on the whole genome of strain ZLY-01 (expressed as a percentage).

[0040] Figure 4 The graph shows the AAI value analysis results based on the whole genome of strain ZLY-01 (expressed as a percentage).

[0041] Figure 5 The graph shows the sulfur oxidation growth curve of strain ZLY-01 under conventional oxygen conditions; where A: the consumption and formation of thiosulfate ions during the sulfur oxidation reaction under conventional oxygen conditions; B: the effect of pH on the sulfur oxidation reaction under conventional oxygen conditions; and C: the change in cell number during the sulfur oxidation reaction under conventional oxygen conditions.

[0042] Figure 6The graphs show the effects of different temperatures, pH values, and salinities on the sulfur oxidation of strain ZLY-01 under conventional oxygen conditions. A: The graph shows the consumption of thiosulfate ions at different temperatures during the sulfur oxidation reaction under conventional oxygen conditions; B: The graph shows the formation of sulfate ions at different temperatures during the sulfur oxidation reaction under conventional oxygen conditions; C: The graph shows the consumption of thiosulfate ions at different pH values ​​during the sulfur oxidation reaction under conventional oxygen conditions; D: The graph shows the formation of sulfate ions at different pH values ​​during the sulfur oxidation reaction under conventional oxygen conditions; E: The graph shows the consumption of thiosulfate ions at different salinities during the sulfur oxidation reaction under conventional oxygen conditions; F: The graph shows the formation of sulfate ions at different salinities during the sulfur oxidation reaction under conventional oxygen conditions.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the characteristics of strain ZLY-01 in degrading thiocyanate under normal oxygen conditions.

[0044] Figure 8 The diagram shows the characteristics of strain ZLY-01 in degrading thiocyanate and reducing nitrate under hypoxic conditions. Among them, A: the consumption of thiocyanate and the formation of sulfate and ammonium ions in the degradation of thiocyanate under hypoxic conditions; B: the consumption of nitrate and the formation of nitrite ions in the process of reducing nitrate during the degradation of thiocyanate under hypoxic conditions.

[0045] Figure 9 The diagram shows the characteristics of sulfur autotrophic denitrification of strain ZLY-01 under hypoxic conditions; where A: the consumption of thiosulfate and the formation of sulfate during sulfur autotrophic denitrification under hypoxic conditions; B: the consumption of nitrate and the formation of nitrite and nitrous oxide during sulfur autotrophic denitrification under hypoxic conditions. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Test methods in the following embodiments that do not specify specific experimental conditions are generally performed under conventional experimental conditions or according to the manufacturer's recommended experimental conditions. Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used are commercially available.

[0047] The Annwoodia sp. C03 involved in the examples is disclosed in the document “CN119040218A, A chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium strain of Annwoodia and its application”.

[0048] Example 1: Enrichment, screening, isolation and identification of chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing and denitrifying strains

[0049] Annwoodia sp. ZLY-01 was isolated from the secondary sedimentation tank of Lijiao Water Treatment Plant, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. After collection, the sample was immediately transferred to a sulfur-autotrophic denitrification medium for enrichment culture. The headspace oxygen concentration was controlled at approximately 0.01%, and the culture conditions were 30℃ and 150 rpm. The enrichment medium composition was: KH₂PO₄ 0.4 g / L, K₂HPO₄ 0.11 g / L, MgCl₂ 0.12 g / L, NaCl 1 g / L, CaCl₂ 0.01 g / L, trace element solution 1 mL / L, NaHCO₃ 0.25 g / L, FeCl₂ 0.005 g / L, KNO₃ 0.3 g / L, and Na₂S₂O₃•5H₂O 0.75 g / L (3 mM). The trace element solution consisted of 12.5 mL of 25% HCl, 1.5 g / L FeCl2•4H2O, 0.03 g / L H3BO3, 0.1 g / L MnCl2•4H2O, 0.19 g / L CoCl2•6H2O, 0.024 g / L NiCl2•6H2O, 0.002 g / L CuCl2•2H2O, 0.068 g / L ZnCl2, and 0.036 g / L Na2MoO4•2H2O, with H2O as the solvent and pH adjusted to 7.0. After culturing for 5-7 days, when significant sulfate formation and nitrate consumption were detected, the enriched sample was transferred. After 5-8 transfers, the enriched material was inoculated into a sulfur autotrophic denitrification solid medium (with 15 g / L agar added to the enrichment medium) for separation and purification. After three purifications, single colonies were picked for TA cloning and full-length 16S rDNA sequencing.

[0050] The obtained 16S rDNA sequence of strain ZLY-01 is as follows:

[0051]

[0052] A chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing microorganism, named ZLY-01, was obtained through screening. Its colony and cell morphology and physiological characteristics are shown in Table 1 and... Figure 1 .

[0053] Table 1. Colony morphology and physiological characteristics of strain ZLY-01

[0054]

[0055] The 16S rDNA gene sequencing results of the strain were uploaded to GenBank, and homology comparison was performed with the gene sequences therein. The comparison results showed that strain ZLY-01 had the highest similarity with Annwoodia sp. C03 (PV368850.1), reaching 98.26%, with a sequence coverage of 100%. The similarity was lower than the new species definition threshold of 98.65% (Kook JK, et al. Genome-Based reclassification of fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies at the specieslevel[J]. CurrMicrobiol, 2017, 74: 1137-1147.). Therefore, strain ZLY-01 can be preliminarily identified as a potential new species of this genus. Subsequently, the 16S rDNA sequence of strain ZLY-01 was compared with the 16S rDNA sequences of Thiobaccillaceae strains and outgroups using MEGA 11.0 software in a ClustalW alignment. Neighbor-joining was employed, and the Kimura 2-parameter model was selected to construct a phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic tree topology was validated with 1000 guided replicates. The phylogenetic tree results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0056] Colonies of strain ZLY-01 were picked from purification plates and inoculated into sulfur autotrophic denitrification liquid medium (i.e., enrichment medium, the same below). After incubation at 30℃ and 150 rpm for 2 days, the bacterial culture was filtered through a 0.22 µm filter membrane to obtain sufficient bacterial cells, which were then resuspended in sterile water. The genome of strain ZLY-01 was then extracted using the bacterial genome rapid extraction kit from Tiangen Biotech. The extracted high-quality genome (A260 / 280; A260 / 230 both greater than 1.8) was sent to Shanghai Meiji Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for whole-genome sequencing to obtain the whole genome sequence of strain ZLY-01. The whole genome sequence of strain Annwoodia sp. C03 was obtained in the same manner as strain ZLY-01. The whole genome sequences of genera and species closely related to these strains were downloaded from the NCBI and JGI GOLD databases for phylogenetic analysis. Average Nucleic Acid Identity (ANI) analysis was performed using the online website JSpeciesWS (https: / / jspecies.ribohost.com / jspeciesws / ) and the ANIb algorithm. The results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown. The average amino acid identity (AAI) was calculated using EzAAI, and the results are as follows. Figure 4 As shown in Table 2, DNA-DNA hybridization (ddDH) ​​values ​​were calculated using GGDC (https: / / ggdc.dsmz.de / ggdc.php#).

[0057] Table 2. ddDH analysis of strain ZLY-01 (expressed as a percentage)

[0058]

[0059] The strains ZLY-01 and Annwoodia sp. C03 had the highest ANI values, at 83.26 ( Figure 3 Furthermore, it also has the highest AAI value compared to Annwoodia sp. C03, at 86.24 ( Figure 4However, all of them were below the classification threshold of 95% (Goris J, et al. DNA-DNA hybridization values ​​and their relationship to whole-genome sequence similarities[J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2007, 57: 81-89; Konstantinidis KT et al. Uncultivated microbes in need of their own taxonomy[J]. The ISME journal, 2017, 11(11):2399-2406.). In addition, strains ZLY-01 and Annwoodia sp. C03 had the highest ddDH values, at 27.4% (Table 2), but these were also below the classification threshold of 70% (Wayne LG, et al. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics[J]. Int J SystBacteriol, 1987, 37: 463-464).

[0060] In summary, strain ZLY-01 can be identified as a novel species within the genus Annwoodia. It is named Annwoodia sp. ZLY-01, with accession number GDMCC NO: 68054, and was deposited on April 7, 2026, at the Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, located at 5th Floor, Building 59, No. 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.

[0061] Example 2: Growth curve of Annwoodia sp. ZLY-01 under conventional oxygen conditions

[0062] Purified ZLY-01 colonies were picked and inoculated into sulfur autotrophic denitrification liquid medium. The medium was then incubated at 30℃ and 150 rpm for 48 h using a constant temperature shaker. The resulting bacterial culture was used as the seed culture for the experiment. The seed culture was inoculated at a 2% (v / v) inoculum into a medium containing 2 mM thiosulfate (S₂O₃). 2-The liquid culture medium (KNO3 in the original medium was replaced with 2 mM NH4Cl) was used to control the headspace oxygen concentration of the serum bottles at 21%, and the culture was carried out at 30℃ and 150 rpm. Thiosulfate and sulfate (SO42-) were sampled periodically to determine their concentrations in the solution. 2- Concentration and pH changes were recorded. Plate counts were performed on samples at each time point.

[0063] The growth curve of Annwoodia sp. ZLY-01 under conventional oxygen conditions is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, by Figure 5 As shown in A, the concentration of thiosulfate ions gradually decreases over time, eventually converting completely to sulfate ions. The sulfate ion concentration reaches its maximum after 22 hours and then tends to stabilize. Figure 5 As shown in B, the pH gradually decreased to around 5.63 over time, and then remained essentially unchanged. From... Figure 5 As can be seen from C, the cell number of strain ZLY-01 first increased and then decreased over time, reaching a maximum cell number of 7.0 × 10⁻⁶ at 20 h. 7 CFU / mL.

[0064] Example 3: Effects of different temperatures, pH levels, and salinities on sulfur oxidation of strain ZLY-01 under conventional oxygen conditions.

[0065] The KNO3 in the sulfur autotrophic denitrification liquid medium was replaced with 2 mM NH4Cl, and the concentration of Na2S2O3•5H2O was 2 mM. Then, based on this, a single variable was adjusted while other components remained unchanged. The seed culture obtained in Example 2 was inoculated at a 2% (v / v) inoculation rate after adjustments to the culture temperature (20, 26, 30, 35, 40, and 45 °C), initial pH (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10), and sodium chloride concentration (0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 g / L), and cultured in shake flasks at 150 rpm. The concentrations of thiosulfate and sulfate in the culture medium were measured every 12 hours.

[0066] The effects of different temperatures, pH levels, and salinities on sulfur oxidation in strain ZLY-01 under normal oxygen conditions are as follows: Figure 6 As shown, strain ZLY-01 can carry out sulfur oxidation reaction within the range of 26-40℃, with the optimal temperature being 35-40℃. Figure 6 (A and B in the original text). This strain can perform normal sulfur oxidation within an initial pH range of 7.0-9.0, with an optimal pH of 8.0 (…). Figure 6 (C and D in the original text). Furthermore, strain ZLY-01 can undergo sulfur oxidation under NaCl concentrations of 0-10 g / L (optimal growth concentration is 0-5 g / L). Figure 6 (E and F in the text).

[0067] Example 4: Characteristics of strain ZLY-01 in degrading thiocyanate under conventional oxygen and hypoxic conditions.

[0068] To investigate the degradation characteristics of thiocyanate by strain ZLY-01 under normoxic and anaerobic conditions, the seed culture obtained in Example 2 was inoculated into liquid culture medium at an inoculum size of 2% (v / v). Under aerobic conditions, the headspace oxygen concentration was adjusted to 21%, with 2 mM NaSCN as the sulfur source and 2 mM NH4Cl as the nitrogen source. Under anaerobic conditions, the headspace oxygen concentration was adjusted to approximately 0.01%, with 1.5 mM NaSCN as the sulfur source and 2 mM NaNO3 as the electron acceptor. Serum bottles under both conditions were incubated statically at 30°C. The thiocyanate (SCN) content in the solution was periodically measured. - ) concentration, sulfate concentration, ammonium (NH4) concentration + ) concentration, nitrate (NO3) - ) concentration, nitrite (NO2) - )concentration.

[0069] like Figure 7 As shown, under normoxic conditions, strain ZLY-01 was able to completely degrade SCN within 13 days. - Simultaneously, 2.0 mM of SO4 is generated. 2- The removal rate reached 100%.

[0070] The characteristics of strain ZLY-01 in degrading thiocyanate under hypoxic conditions are as follows: Figure 8 As shown, strain ZLY-01 can completely degrade SCN within 18 days. - It generates approximately 1.4 mM of SO4. 2- and approximately 1.3 mM NH4 + ( Figure 8 (A) The characteristic of strain ZLY-01 in reducing nitrate during the degradation of thiocyanate under hypoxic conditions is as follows: Figure 8 As shown in Figure B, strain ZLY-01 was able to completely reduce nitrate degradation within 18 days, accumulating only a small amount of NO2, approximately 0.7 mM. - The generation of N2O gaseous products was detected in the headspace.

[0071] Example 5: Characteristics of sulfur autotrophic denitrification of strain ZLY-01 under hypoxic conditions

[0072] The seed culture of strain ZLY-01 prepared in Example 2 was inoculated at a rate of 2% (v / v) into a liquid culture medium containing 1 mM thiosulfate and 2 mM nitrate. The headspace oxygen concentration in the serum vials was controlled at approximately 0.01%, and the culture was incubated statically at 30°C. Samples were periodically taken to measure the concentrations of thiosulfate, sulfate, nitrate, and nitrite in the solution, as well as the concentration of nitrous oxide in the headspace. The concentration of dissolved nitrous oxide in the liquid was calculated using the formula (He G, et al. A novelbacterial protein family that catalyzes nitrous oxide reduction[J]. Nature, 2025, 646(8083): 152-160). The total nitrous oxide concentration was calculated by adding the headspace nitrous oxide concentration to the dissolved nitrous oxide concentration in the liquid.

[0073] The formula for calculating the concentration of dissolved nitrous oxide in a liquid is as follows:

[0074] ;

[0075] Among them, H cp R is the Henry's constant for N₂O under standard conditions, 0.024 mol / (L atm); R is the gas constant, 0.082 (L atm) / (mol K); T is the temperature, (273+ degrees Celsius) K; C g It is the headspace N2O concentration (mM); C a It is the concentration (mM) of N2O in liquid (dissolved).

[0076] like Figure 9 As shown, strain ZLY-01 can utilize thiosulfate as a sulfur source and electron donor, and nitrate as an electron acceptor under relatively anaerobic conditions. Strain ZLY-01 completely consumes thiosulfate and converts it to sulfate within 72 hours. Figure 9 (A in the text). Meanwhile, strain ZLY-01 reduced approximately 1.4 mM nitrate to nitrous oxide within 72 hours, and no significant nitrous oxide formation was detected within 72 hours. Figure 9 (B in the middle).

[0077] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium of the genus *Annwoodia*, characterized by: The chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium of the genus Annwoodia, named Annwoodia sp. ZLY-01, was deposited on April 7, 2026, at the Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, located at 5th Floor, Building 59, No. 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, with accession number GDMCC NO: 68054.

2. The application of the chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Annwoodia as described in claim 1, characterized in that, For one of the following applications: (A) Applications in redox sulfur compounds; (B) Application in sulfur autotrophic denitrification under low-oxygen conditions; The redox sulfur compound or sulfur autotrophy refers to the oxidation of the reduced sulfur compound to sulfate; the reduced sulfur compound is at least one of thiosulfate and thiocyanate; The denitrification process involves reducing nitrogen from an inorganic nitrogen source to nitrous oxide; the inorganic nitrogen source is at least one of nitrate and nitrite. The aforementioned low-oxygen conditions refer to conditions where the oxygen concentration is between 0.01% and 2%.

3. The application according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thiosulfate includes sodium thiosulfate and / or potassium thiosulfate, and the thiocyanate includes sodium thiocyanate and / or potassium thiocyanate. The nitrates include sodium nitrate and / or potassium nitrate, and the nitrites include sodium nitrite and / or potassium nitrite.

4. The application according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The application (A) includes the following steps: growing the chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Annwoodia as described in claim 1 in an environment containing reduced sulfur compounds; The application (B) includes the following steps: growing the chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Annwoodia described in claim 1 in a low-oxygen environment containing reduced sulfur compounds and inorganic nitrogen sources; wherein the low-oxygen environment refers to a condition with an oxygen concentration of 0.01 to 2%.

5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the application (A), the growth is carried out at an oxygen concentration of 0.01 to 21%.

6. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that: The application (A) or (B) refers to an environment that includes at least one of water and soil.

7. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the application (A) or (B), the growth temperature is 26–40°C; And / or, in application (A) or (B), the pH of the growth is 7 to 9.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the application (A) or (B), the growth temperature is 30-40°C; And / or, in application (A) or (B), the pH of the growth is 7-8.

9. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the application (A) or (B), the salinity of the growth is 0–10 g / L.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the application (A) or (B), the salinity of the growth is 0–5 g / L.

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