A triboelectric-based self-adapting self-powered flexible sensing device and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to a self-adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device based on triboelectricity and a preparation method thereof, which comprises a flexible device, a charging module and a single-chip circuit board; the flexible device comprises, from top to bottom, a triboelectric layer, an insulating layer, a potential layer and a battery layer; the triboelectric layer is connected with the charging module, the charging module is connected with the battery layer, and the battery layer is connected with the single-chip circuit board. The system collects signals of multiple electrode ports through a single-chip microcomputer and transmits the signals to a mobile phone or a computer terminal through Bluetooth wireless transmission, so that the convenience and expansibility of data acquisition are improved, and real-time monitoring and remote interaction application can be constructed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device based on triboelectricity and its fabrication method, belonging to the field of flexible electronics and sensor technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of wearable electronics, soft robots, human-computer interaction, and intelligent sensing technologies, higher demands are being placed on flexible sensing systems that can accurately perceive complex mechanical stimuli and possess long-term independent operation capabilities. An ideal mechanical sensing system not only needs to acquire various mechanical information such as pressure, touch, and vibration, but should also minimize its dependence on external power supply and wired connections to adapt to distributed, mobile, and long-term operation application scenarios.

[0003] Currently, mechanical sensing devices are mainly based on working mechanisms such as resistive, capacitive, potentiometric, triboelectric, or piezoelectric. Among them, potentiometric, resistive, and capacitive sensors are suitable for detecting static or slowly changing mechanical stimuli, but their response capability to rapid dynamic stimuli is limited; triboelectric and piezoelectric sensors can generate significant electrical signals for dynamic stimuli such as contact-separation and vibration, but they are difficult to continuously reflect the state of static stimuli.

[0004] To achieve comprehensive analysis of complex mechanical stimuli, existing research and patents have proposed simulating the multimodal sensory functions of human skin through the integration of multiple sensing units or the fusion of multiple working mechanisms. However, such solutions often rely on multiple independent structural units, resulting in limited system integration and stability. Meanwhile, triboelectric solenoid generators, as a novel mechanical energy harvesting technology, have been widely used in human motion energy harvesting and self-powered sensing scenarios. Furthermore, flexible electrochemical energy storage devices (such as zinc-ion batteries and supercapacitors) are gradually being introduced into wearable systems to enhance their continuous operating capability.

[0005] In recent years, hydrogels have been increasingly applied in the field of flexible electronic devices due to their excellent flexibility, stretchability, ionic conductivity, and biocompatibility. Related technologies indicate that hydrogel materials have significant advantages in improving the mechanical compatibility and flexible stability of devices, making them particularly suitable for wearable and skin-contact applications. However, in current technologies, the application of hydrogel materials is mostly limited to a single functional layer, such as serving as electrodes in triboelectric devices or electrolytes in flexible energy storage devices; their synergistic effects at the system level have not yet been fully explored.

[0006] Based on existing technologies, current flexible mechanical sensing and self-powered systems still generally suffer from the following problems: multimodal sensing and power supply functions are scattered; the system structure is complex and has low integration; the hydrogel function is not fully utilized; it relies on external power supply or has low energy utilization efficiency; although triboelectric technology has been used for mechanical energy harvesting, the energy it generates often fails to be efficiently coupled with the energy storage unit, and the system still requires external power support.

[0007] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies attempt to improve system performance by introducing high-capacity batteries, complex energy management circuits, or multi-module collaborative control. However, such solutions typically introduce the following new challenges: a significant increase in device size and rigidity, diminishing the advantages of flexibility; a marked increase in power consumption with the addition of functional modules; and a lack of unified structural design among sensing, power supply, and communication modules, making it difficult to improve overall system efficiency. Therefore, how to fully leverage the combined advantages of hydrogel materials in conductivity, sensing, and energy storage while maintaining device flexibility and structural simplicity, and achieve an integrated system design encompassing mechanical sensing, energy harvesting, energy storage, and data transmission, remains a pressing technical challenge in this field.

[0008] Existing flexible mechanical sensing devices mostly rely on single mechanisms such as triboelectricity, potential, resistance, or capacitance to output mechanical stimulation signals. Among them, triboelectric devices show a significant response to dynamic stimuli but struggle to stably reflect static pressure information; potential-based devices can reflect static or slowly changing stimuli but have limited resolution capabilities for rapid dynamic stimuli. To simultaneously acquire static and dynamic stimulus information, current technologies typically employ multi-sensor unit superposition or multi-channel output methods. However, this often leads to complex device structures, significant interlayer interference, and difficulties in signal acquisition and processing. Furthermore, these systems often require external power supplies, making it difficult to meet the requirements for long-term independent operation and wearable applications.

[0009] In addition, in existing self-powered sensing systems, the energy harvesting unit and the energy storage unit are often independent of each other or have low coupling efficiency, resulting in low energy utilization and difficulty in forming a stable and continuous power supply. At the same time, the output of sensing signals mostly depends on wired connections, which is not conducive to realizing data acquisition and transmission in remote, real-time, and mobile scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes an adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device based on triboelectricity and its fabrication method, aiming to solve the following technical problems: 1. How to achieve effective analysis of static and dynamic mechanical stimuli within a single flexible device; 2. How to enable triboelectric energy output to charge the energy storage unit, thereby forming a sustainable self-powered capability; 3. How to construct an integrated system so that the multi-channel signals of the device can be reliably acquired and wirelessly transmitted to an external terminal, achieving convenient data acquisition and application.

[0011] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: An adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device based on triboelectricity includes a flexible device, a charging module, and a microcontroller circuit board. The flexible device comprises, from top to bottom, a triboelectric layer, an insulating layer, a potential layer, and a battery layer; The triboelectric layer is connected to a charging module, the charging module is connected to a battery layer, and the battery layer is connected to a microcontroller circuit board.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the triboelectric layer comprises a triboelectric dielectric layer and a hydrogel electrode layer; A triboelectric dielectric layer is coated on the hydrogel electrode layer; The friction medium layer is polydimethylsiloxane, i.e., PDMS material; An insulating layer is placed between the triboelectric layer and the underlying potential layer.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the potential layer comprises a first carbon electrode layer, a first gel electrolyte layer, and a zinc electrode layer disposed sequentially from top to bottom; The first carbon electrode layer is made of carbon cloth, and the zinc electrode layer is made of zinc foil.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the battery layer comprises a zinc electrode layer, a second hydrogel electrolyte layer, and a second carbon electrode layer; The zinc electrode layer and the zinc electrode layer of the potential layer are the same layer; A second hydrogel electrolyte layer and a second carbon electrode layer are sequentially disposed below the zinc electrode layer. The second carbon electrode layer is made of the same material as the first carbon electrode layer.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the charging module is a bridge rectifier structure, which is an existing device, including four 1N4007 diodes, one CBB 105J 630V capacitor, an output terminal, and an input terminal; The hydrogel electrode layer of the triboelectric layer is connected to the input terminal of the charging module, and the output terminal of the charging module is connected to the zinc electrode layer and the second carbon electrode layer of the battery layer. A microcontroller circuit board is connected to the other end of the zinc electrode layer and the second carbon electrode layer of the battery layer. The hydrogel electrode layer of the triboelectric layer, the first carbon electrode layer of the potential layer, and the zinc electrode layer are connected to a microcontroller circuit board as three signal output terminals.

[0016] The fabrication method of the above-mentioned triboelectric adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device includes: Step 1: Prepare a hydrogel electrode layer for triboelectric layer, and cover the upper side of the hydrogel electrode layer with polydimethylsiloxane to form a triboelectric medium layer, thus completing the preparation of the triboelectric layer; Step 2: Using the same preparation method as in Step 1, a first gel electrolyte layer is obtained, and a first carbon electrode layer and a zinc electrode layer are respectively set on the upper and lower sides to form a potential layer; Step 3: Prepare the second hydrogel electrolyte layer, set the second carbon electrode layer on the lower side, and form a battery layer with the zinc electrode layer of the potential layer; According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 1 specifically comprises: Add 10 ml of deionized water to a beaker, add 0.25 g of sodium alginate to the beaker to prepare a 25 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, and then stir magnetically until completely dissolved; Add 2.5g of acrylamide and 4g of betaine to the sodium alginate solution and stir until completely dissolved; then degas using ultrasound. Add 375 μL of ammonium persulfate solution, 187.5 μL of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide solution and 12.5 μL of tetramethylethylenediamine in sequence, and continue stirring until the reaction system is homogeneous. Place a copper wire in the solution as a conductor. Pour the solution into a mold and seal it. Place the mold at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain a hydrogel. The hydrogel electrode layer was obtained by immersing the hydrogel in a 2 mol / L zinc sulfate solution for 1 hour. A polydimethylsiloxane film is applied to the top of the hydrogel electrode layer to complete the assembly of the triboelectric layer.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 2 specifically comprises: Zinc foil is used as the zinc electrode layer, and carbon cloth is used as the first carbon electrode layer; The first gel electrolyte layer is prepared using the same steps as the hydrogel electrode layer in step 1. A first carbon electrode layer and a zinc electrode layer are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the first gel electrolyte layer to form a potential layer.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 3 specifically comprises: Add 10 ml of deionized water to a beaker, add 0.25 g of sodium alginate to the beaker to prepare a 25 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, and then stir magnetically until completely dissolved; Add 2.5g of acrylamide and 4g of betaine to the sodium alginate solution, and stir until completely dissolved; Add 4.5 mL of PEDOT:PSS solution, stir until homogeneous, and then degas using ultrasound; Add 375 μL of ammonium persulfate solution, 187.5 μL of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide solution and 12.5 μL of tetramethylethylenediamine in sequence, and continue stirring until the reaction system is homogeneous. Place a copper wire in the solution as a conductor. Pour the solution into a mold and seal it. Place the mold at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain the second hydrogel. The second hydrogel was immersed in a 2 mol / L zinc sulfate solution for 1 hour to obtain the second hydrogel electrolyte layer; The zinc electrode layer of the potential layer, the second hydrogel electrolyte layer, and the second carbon electrode layer are stacked to form the battery layer.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Capable of recognizing multimodal mechanical stimuli: By combining the triboelectric layer and the potential layer, it is possible to simultaneously acquire dynamic stimulus output signals and static stimulus potential signals, thereby improving the ability to interpret complex mechanical stimulus information.

[0020] 2. The system is independent and self-powered: The energy output from the triboelectric layer can charge the battery layer in situ, and the battery layer then powers the microcontroller, thereby reducing the system's dependence on external power and improving its long-term independent operation capability.

[0021] 3. Sensor structure integration: It adopts a three-layer stacked structure and achieves effective isolation through an insulating layer, making the device structure compact and suitable for flexible, wearable and other application scenarios.

[0022] 4. Applications of hydrogel materials: The triboelectric layer uses hydrogel as the electrode layer, the potential layer / battery layer uses hydrogel electrolyte, and the battery layer enhances conductivity through PEDOT:PSS, realizing the synergistic application of materials at the electrode and electrolyte levels, improving the device's flexible conductivity and system stability.

[0023] 5. Signal acquisition and wireless transmission: The system uses a microcontroller to collect signals from multiple electrode ports and transmits them wirelessly to mobile phones or computer terminals via Bluetooth, improving the convenience and scalability of data acquisition and facilitating the construction of real-time monitoring and remote interactive applications. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-layer structure of the flexible device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a connection diagram of the charging module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a circuit board connection diagram for the microcontroller of this invention; Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device based on triboelectricity of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but is not limited thereto.

[0026] Example 1 An adaptive, self-powered flexible sensing device based on triboelectricity, such as Figure 1-4 As shown, it includes flexible devices, a charging module, and a microcontroller circuit board; The flexible device comprises, from top to bottom, a triboelectric layer, an insulating layer, a potential layer, and a battery layer; The triboelectric layer is connected to a charging module, the charging module is connected to a battery layer, and the battery layer is connected to a microcontroller circuit board.

[0027] The triboelectric layer includes a triboelectric dielectric layer and a hydrogel electrode layer; The friction medium layer is made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material, which is used to generate triboelectric charge when in contact with / separated from external objects. A triboelectric medium layer is coated on the hydrogel electrode layer to improve the overall flexibility, stability and environmental adaptability of the triboelectric layer. An insulating layer is placed between the triboelectric layer and the underlying potential layer to achieve electrical isolation and improve signal stability. Under external mechanical stimulation, the triboelectric layer can output electrical signals related to the contact-separation process, which can be used to characterize dynamic stimulation-related information.

[0028] The potential layer includes a first carbon electrode layer, a first gel electrolyte layer and a zinc electrode layer arranged sequentially from top to bottom; The first gel electrolyte layer and the hydrogel electrode layer of the triboelectric layer are made of the same material; The first carbon electrode layer is made of carbon cloth, and the zinc electrode layer is made of zinc foil.

[0029] When external mechanical stimuli are transmitted to the potential layer, the potential layer generates potential change signals related to pressure or contact state, which are then used to analyze static stimulus information. The battery layer includes a zinc electrode layer, a second hydrogel electrolyte layer, and a second carbon electrode layer; The zinc electrode layer and the zinc electrode layer of the potential layer are the same layer; A second hydrogel electrolyte layer and a second carbon electrode layer are sequentially disposed below the zinc electrode layer. The second carbon electrode layer is made of the same material as the first carbon electrode layer.

[0030] The charging module is a bridge rectifier structure, including four 1N4007 diodes, one CBB 105J 630V capacitor, output terminals, and input terminals; The hydrogel electrode layer of the triboelectric layer is connected to the input end of the charging module, and the output end of the charging module is connected to the zinc electrode layer and the second carbon electrode layer of the battery layer, respectively, so that the electrical energy generated by the triboelectric layer under the drive of external mechanical stimulation is input to the battery layer to achieve charging of the battery layer. Through the above connection method, the system can convert environmental mechanical energy into electrical energy and store it without external power supply, thus realizing the energy basis for self-powered operation; The other end of the zinc electrode layer and the second carbon electrode layer of the battery layer is connected to a microcontroller circuit board, which includes an STM32L051C8T6 low-power chip, an E104-BT5005A low-power Bluetooth module, and a TLV61220DBVR boost chip. The STM32L051C8T6 low-power chip is connected to the E104-BT5005A low-power Bluetooth module and the TLV61220DBVR boost chip. The hydrogel electrode layer of the triboelectric layer, the first carbon electrode layer of the potential layer, and the zinc electrode layer are connected to a microcontroller circuit board as three signal output terminals; the STM32L051C8T6 low-power chip of the microcontroller circuit board has a signal acquisition and processing module for synchronous acquisition, processing and recording of triboelectric signals and potential signals. The E104-BT5005A low-power Bluetooth wireless communication module wirelessly transmits the acquired voltage signal data to an external terminal device, including a computer or smartphone. The external terminal displays, stores, or further processes the received data, thereby realizing the wireless acquisition and analysis of mechanical stimulation signals. The system has adaptive output characteristics: when the type and rate of change of external mechanical stimulation change, the time characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the output signals of the first triboelectric layer and the second potential layer change accordingly, so that the system can output distinguishable signals without changing the structural connection or switching the working mode. Specifically, during dynamic contact / separation or rapid loading-unloading stimulation, the output of the first triboelectric layer exhibits pulse-like or spike-like changes, used to characterize dynamic stimulation-related information; during static pressure or slowly changing stimulation, the output of the second potential layer exhibits a stable plateau-like or slowly changing characteristic, used to characterize static stimulation-related information; under combined stimulation conditions, both types of signals can coexist. Through the synchronous acquisition and feature extraction of three signals (triboelectric layer electrode, potential layer carbon electrode, and potential layer zinc electrode) by a microcontroller, adaptive discrimination of stimulation type and its changing characteristics can be achieved. In practical applications, external mechanical stimuli act on the first triboelectric layer, which generates an electrical signal output. This external mechanical stimulus is further transmitted to the second potential layer, which generates a potential change signal. The output energy from the first triboelectric layer is electrically connected to the third battery layer, charging and storing energy. The third battery layer supplies power to the microcontroller circuit board, enabling the system to continuously complete signal acquisition and transmission. The microcontroller circuit board samples multiple signal ports of the triboelectric and potential layers to obtain corresponding voltage change information. The wireless communication module, namely the E104-BT5005A low-power Bluetooth, wirelessly transmits the sampled data to a computer or mobile terminal, enabling remote data acquisition and display.

[0031] Example 2 The method for fabricating a self-adaptive, self-powered flexible sensing device based on triboelectricity, as described in Example 1, includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare a hydrogel electrode layer for triboelectric layer, and cover the top of the hydrogel electrode layer with polydimethylsiloxane to form a triboelectric dielectric layer, thus completing the preparation of the triboelectric layer; including: Add 10 ml of deionized water to a beaker, add 0.25 g of sodium alginate (SA) to the beaker to prepare a 25 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, and then stir magnetically until completely dissolved. Add 2.5g of acrylamide (PAM) and 4g of betaine (BT) to the sodium alginate solution and stir until completely dissolved; then degas using ultrasound to ensure that there are no large bubbles in the solution. Add 375 μL of ammonium persulfate (APS) solution (100 mg / mL), 187.5 μL of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) solution (10 mg / mL) and 12.5 μL of tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) in sequence, and continue stirring until the reaction system is homogeneous. Place a copper wire in the solution as a conductor. Pour the solution into a mold and seal it. Place the mold at room temperature to obtain a hydrogel. The hydrogel electrode layer was obtained by immersing the hydrogel in a 2 mol / L zinc sulfate solution. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film is coated onto the upper side of the hydrogel electrode layer to complete the assembly of the triboelectric layer.

[0032] Step 2: Using the same preparation method as in Step 1, a first gel electrolyte layer is obtained, and a first carbon electrode layer and a zinc electrode layer are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides to form a potential layer; including: Zinc foil is used as the zinc electrode layer, and carbon cloth is used as the first carbon electrode layer; The first gel electrolyte layer is prepared using the same steps as the hydrogel electrode layer in step 1. A first carbon electrode layer and a zinc electrode layer are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the first gel electrolyte layer to form a potential layer.

[0033] An insulating layer is placed between the potential layer and the triboelectric layer to reduce crosstalk and stabilize the output; Step 3: Prepare a second hydrogel electrolyte layer, deposit a second carbon electrode layer on the underside, and form a battery layer with the zinc electrode layer of the potential layer; including: Add 10 ml of deionized water to a beaker, add 0.25 g of sodium alginate (SA) to the beaker to prepare a 25 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, and then stir magnetically until completely dissolved. Add 2.5g of acrylamide (PAM) and 4g of betaine (BT) to the sodium alginate solution, and stir until completely dissolved; Add 4.5 mL of PEDOT:PSS solution, stir until homogeneous, and then degas using ultrasound to ensure that there are no large air bubbles in the solution; Add 375 μL of ammonium persulfate (APS) solution (100 mg / mL), 187.5 μL of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) solution (10 mg / mL) and 12.5 μL of tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) in sequence, and continue stirring until the reaction system is homogeneous. Place a copper wire in the solution as a conductor. Pour the solution into a mold and seal it. Place the mold at room temperature to obtain a second hydrogel. The second hydrogel was immersed in a 2 mol / L zinc sulfate solution to obtain the electrolyte layer of the second hydrogel; The zinc electrode layer of the potential layer, the second hydrogel electrolyte layer, and the second carbon electrode layer are stacked to form the battery layer.

[0034] Example 3 Charging circuit, i.e., charging module connection method: The charging circuit is a bridge rectifier structure, including diodes D1–D4 and energy storage capacitor C1 (1μF in the example in the figure), and is equipped with input terminal H2, output terminal H1 and GND node; like Figure 4 As shown, after the triboelectric layer output is connected to the charging circuit, it charges the battery layer. The specific connection is as follows: Connect the hydrogel electrode output terminal of the triboelectric layer to Figure 2 One end of the input terminal H2 shown; The other end of input terminal H2 is connected to Figure 2 The reference terminal of the charging circuit shown is connected to a large-area metal plate, with the GND node connected to stabilize the single-electrode circuit. Figure 2The output terminal H1 is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery layer to realize the rectification and charging of the battery layer. The capacitor C1 is used to smooth the rectified output and improve the charging stability.

[0035] The microcontroller circuit board provides power supply and handles three-channel signal acquisition and Bluetooth transmission. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the microcontroller circuit board includes a DC-DC power supply module, a BLE module, and an MCU module with ADC acquisition; as shown... Figure 4 As shown, the battery layer powers the circuit board and sends signals to the microcontroller, which then transmits them to a computer / mobile phone via Bluetooth. The connection method is as follows: Battery layer output terminal connected to Figure 4 The power inputs shown (VIN / VCC and GND) are used to power the microcontroller and Bluetooth module. Connect the following three signal terminals to the signal input ports (ADC input terminals) of the microcontroller respectively: 1) Triboelectric layer hydrogel electrode; 2) Carbon electrode in the potential layer; 3) Zinc electrode in the potential layer; like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown in the circuit diagram, the microcontroller samples and encapsulates three voltage signals, then transmits them wirelessly to an external terminal via BLE to achieve data acquisition and display.

Claims

1. A self-adaptive, self-powered flexible sensing device based on triboelectricity, characterized in that, This includes flexible devices, charging modules, and microcontroller circuit boards; The flexible device comprises, from top to bottom, a triboelectric layer, an insulating layer, a potential layer, and a battery layer; The triboelectric layer is connected to a charging module, the charging module is connected to a battery layer, and the battery layer is connected to a microcontroller circuit board.

2. The adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device based on triboelectricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The triboelectric layer includes a triboelectric dielectric layer and a hydrogel electrode layer; A triboelectric dielectric layer is coated on the hydrogel electrode layer; The friction medium layer is polydimethylsiloxane, i.e., PDMS material; An insulating layer is placed between the triboelectric layer and the underlying potential layer.

3. The adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device based on triboelectricity as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The potential layer includes a first carbon electrode layer, a first gel electrolyte layer and a zinc electrode layer arranged sequentially from top to bottom; The first carbon electrode layer is made of carbon cloth, and the zinc electrode layer is made of zinc foil.

4. The adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device based on triboelectricity as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The battery layer includes a zinc electrode layer, a second hydrogel electrolyte layer, and a second carbon electrode layer; The zinc electrode layer and the zinc electrode layer of the potential layer are the same layer; A second hydrogel electrolyte layer and a second carbon electrode layer are sequentially disposed below the zinc electrode layer. The second carbon electrode layer is made of the same material as the first carbon electrode layer.

5. The adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device based on triboelectricity as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The charging module uses a bridge rectifier structure; The hydrogel electrode layer of the triboelectric layer is connected to the input terminal of the charging module, and the output terminal of the charging module is connected to the zinc electrode layer and the second carbon electrode layer of the battery layer. A microcontroller circuit board is connected to the other end of the zinc electrode layer and the second carbon electrode layer of the battery layer. The hydrogel electrode layer of the triboelectric layer, the first carbon electrode layer of the potential layer, and the zinc electrode layer are connected to a microcontroller circuit board as three signal output terminals.

6. The method for fabricating a triboelectric adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Prepare a hydrogel electrode layer for triboelectric layer, and cover the upper side of the hydrogel electrode layer with polydimethylsiloxane to form a triboelectric medium layer, thus completing the preparation of the triboelectric layer; Step 2: Using the same preparation method as in Step 1, a first gel electrolyte layer is obtained, and a first carbon electrode layer and a zinc electrode layer are respectively set on the upper and lower sides to form a potential layer; Step 3: Prepare the second hydrogel electrolyte layer, set the second carbon electrode layer on the lower side, and form a battery layer with the zinc electrode layer of the potential layer.

7. The method for fabricating a triboelectric adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Step 1 is as follows: Add 10 ml of deionized water to a beaker, add 0.25 g of sodium alginate to the beaker to prepare a 25 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, and then stir magnetically until completely dissolved; Add 2.5g of acrylamide and 4g of betaine to the sodium alginate solution and stir until completely dissolved; then degas using ultrasound. Add 375 μL of ammonium persulfate solution, 187.5 μL of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide solution and 12.5 μL of tetramethylethylenediamine in sequence, and continue stirring until the reaction system is homogeneous. Place a copper wire in the solution as a conductor. Pour the solution into a mold and seal it. Place the mold at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain a hydrogel. The hydrogel electrode layer was obtained by immersing the hydrogel in a 2 mol / L zinc sulfate solution for 1 hour. A polydimethylsiloxane film is applied to the top of the hydrogel electrode layer to complete the assembly of the triboelectric layer.

8. The method for fabricating a triboelectric adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Step 2 is as follows: Zinc foil is used as the zinc electrode layer, and carbon cloth is used as the first carbon electrode layer; The first gel electrolyte layer is prepared using the same steps as the hydrogel electrode layer in step 1. A first carbon electrode layer and a zinc electrode layer are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the first gel electrolyte layer to form a potential layer.

9. The method for fabricating a triboelectric adaptive self-powered flexible sensing device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Add 10 ml of deionized water to a beaker, add 0.25 g of sodium alginate to the beaker to prepare a 25 mg / mL sodium alginate solution, and then stir magnetically until completely dissolved; Add 2.5g of acrylamide and 4g of betaine to the sodium alginate solution, and stir until completely dissolved; Add 4.5 mL of PEDOT:PSS solution, stir until homogeneous, and then degas using ultrasound; Add 375 μL of ammonium persulfate solution, 187.5 μL of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide solution and 12.5 μL of tetramethylethylenediamine in sequence, and continue stirring until the reaction system is homogeneous. Place a copper wire in the solution as a conductor. Pour the solution into a mold and seal it. Place the mold at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain the second hydrogel. The second hydrogel was immersed in a 2 mol / L zinc sulfate solution for 1 hour to obtain the second hydrogel electrolyte layer; The zinc electrode layer of the potential layer, the second hydrogel electrolyte layer, and the second carbon electrode layer are stacked to form the battery layer.

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