Onychogryphus nanocellulose-based aerogel and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a beetle-based nanocellulose aerogel and its preparation method, belonging to the field of oil-water separation materials technology. The invention utilizes a hydrophilic framework formed by chemical crosslinking of lignocellulose nanofibers and polyvinyl alcohol with glutaraldehyde; oleophilic protrusions are formed by coating montmorillonite with graphene; the hydrophilic framework is immersed in a tert-butanol suspension containing the oleophilic protrusions, followed by freeze-drying to obtain the beetle-based nanocellulose aerogel. Due to the heterogeneous structure of the beetle, the hydrophilic framework enables high-speed transport of the aqueous phase, while the oleophilic protrusions efficiently capture and demulsify oil droplets. The synergistic effect of these two mechanisms achieves an ultra-high throughput greater than 10,000 L / m³. ‑2 h ‑1 With a separation efficiency of up to 95%, it effectively alleviates the trade-off between permeation flux and separation efficiency in traditional oil-water separation materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil-water separation materials technology, specifically relating to a beetle nanocellulose aerogel, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The large-scale discharge of oily wastewater from industry poses a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, the development of efficient and energy-saving oil-water separation materials and technologies has become a current research hotspot. Traditional methods, including gravity separation, flocculation, adsorption, and biodegradation, are widely used to separate oil / water mixtures. Among them, adsorption has attracted widespread attention due to its simple operation, low cost, excellent performance, and recyclability. Nanocellulose-based aerogels have broader application prospects in oil-water separation due to their advantages such as high porosity, high specific surface area, tunable surface wettability, renewability, and biodegradability. However, a key technical bottleneck is commonly faced when treating oil-in-water emulsions (O / W): the trade-off between permeation flux and separation efficiency. To obtain high separation efficiency, smaller pore sizes are required to effectively intercept tiny oil droplets, which significantly increases fluid transport resistance, resulting in excessively low permeation flux. Conversely, increasing the pore size to pursue high permeation flux often comes at the cost of sacrificing separation efficiency.

[0003] To mitigate this trade-off, researchers have constructed rich micro / nano rough structures or chemically modified the surface of the aerogel framework, effectively introducing superwetting structures (such as superhydrophilic / underwater superoleophobic), which endow it with superhydrophilicity and strong repulsion against oil droplets, enhancing its demulsification ability and thus improving permeation flux while ensuring oil-water separation efficiency. Tang Chunxia et al. developed a superwetting aerogel (CPM 600H) using superhydrophilic cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as the framework and dicarboxylated polyethylene glycol as the crosslinking agent. This aerogel exhibited excellent separation efficiency (97%) for different types of water / oil emulsions; however, its permeation flux was only 412.6 L m. -2 h -1 This is because after the oil droplets demulsify and coalesce, they form an oil film that blocks the pores, thereby reducing their permeation flux. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention provides a beetle-based nanocellulose aerogel and its preparation method. By preparing a hydrophilic skeleton and lipophilic protrusions, combined with the amphiphilicity of tert-butanol, a beetle aerogel is obtained for the efficient separation of oil-in-water emulsions and achieves high permeability.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for preparing anti-beetle nanocellulose-based aerogel includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of hydrophilic framework: Lignocellulose nanofiber suspension (LCNF) and polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution (PVA) were mixed evenly to obtain a mixture, and then glutaraldehyde solution was added as a crosslinking agent. After freeze drying, the hydrophilic framework was obtained. (2) Preparation of lipophilic protrusions: Montmorillonite was dispersed in tert-butanol, graphene was added, and after stirring and ultrasonic dispersion, it was freeze-dried to obtain lipophilic protrusion powder; (3) Preparation of anti-beetle structure: The lipophilic protrusion powder of step (2) is dispersed in tert-butanol to obtain tert-butanol suspension. Then, the hydrophilic skeleton of step (1) is immersed in tert-butanol suspension. After draining off the excess liquid, it is freeze-dried to obtain anti-beetle structure aerogel with hydrophilic skeleton and lipophilic protrusion.

[0007] Further, in step (1), the lignocellulose nanofiber suspension is prepared by adding lignocellulose nanofibers to water to prepare a lignocellulose nanofiber suspension with a mass fraction of 0.39%. The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is prepared by adding polyvinyl alcohol to water to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 0.39%. The specific mass concentration can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0008] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the lignocellulose nanofibers to polyvinyl alcohol is 1.5 to 4:1.

[0009] Further, in step (1), the mass concentration of the glutaraldehyde solution is 25-50%, the crosslinking temperature is 20-30℃, the crosslinking reaction time is 1-2h, and the amount of crosslinking agent added is 20-40% of the solute in the mixed solution.

[0010] Further, in step (2), the mass ratio of montmorillonite to tert-butanol is 0.1-1 g: 25-100 mL, and the mass ratio of montmorillonite to graphene is 1:1.5-9.

[0011] Further, in step (2), the particle size of the montmorillonite is <50μm, the stirring speed is 300~700rpm, the ultrasonic power is 180~200W, and the time is 15~30min.

[0012] Further, in step (3), the ratio of the lipophilic protrusion powder to the tert-butanol protoplast is 0.002-0.01 g: 6-10 mL, and the mass ratio of the lipophilic protrusion powder to the hydrophilic skeleton is 1-10: 100.

[0013] Furthermore, in steps (1), (2), and (3), the freeze-drying temperature is -50 to -70 ℃, and the time is 36 to 72 h.

[0014] The anti-beetle nanocellulose-based aerogel prepared by the preparation method of the present invention.

[0015] The application of the anti-beetle nanocellulose-based aerogel of the present invention in oil-water separation.

[0016] The principle of this invention: The well-known nanofiber desert beetle can efficiently collect moisture from fog through hydrophilic microscopic protrusions and hydrophobic grooves on its carapace. Inspired by this unique structure, this invention proposes an anti-beetle structure, namely, a hydrophilic framework constructed from cellulose nanofibers, polyvinyl alcohol, and glutaraldehyde, with discrete oleophilic protrusions on its surface. The hydrophilic framework greatly reduces fluid resistance, thereby achieving ultra-high permeability; while the oleophilic protrusions composed of graphene-coated montmorillonite, due to their rich micro-nano structure and superoleophilicity, can rapidly capture oil droplets, effectively preventing oil droplet aggregation and floating, thus reducing permeation resistance while ensuring separation efficiency.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention constructs a heterogeneous biomimetic structure with a hydrophilic framework and oleophilic protrusions, achieving functional partitioning. The hydrophilic framework provides water transport channels with extremely low resistance; the discrete oleophilic protrusions composed of graphene / montmorillonite efficiently capture oil droplets and prevent them from agglomerating and floating. The synergistic effect of the two enables this aerogel to simultaneously achieve a flow rate exceeding 10,000 L m when separating oil-in-water emulsions. -2 h -1 Its ultra-high throughput and separation efficiency of over 95% fundamentally alleviate the trade-off effect of traditional oil-water separation materials.

[0018] 2. This invention uses biomass-derived lignocellulose nanofibers as the main raw material, which is low-cost and environmentally friendly. The entire preparation process is carried out under mild conditions, requiring no complex equipment. By adjusting parameters such as the LCNF / PVA ratio, degree of crosslinking, and lipophilic protrusion loading, the mechanical and separation properties of the aerogel can be easily controlled, facilitating large-scale production.

[0019] 3. This invention utilizes glutaraldehyde to form acetal / hemiacetal bonds with lignocellulose nanofibers and polyvinyl alcohol, and montmorillonite to form hydrogen bonds with lignocellulose nanofibers and polyvinyl alcohol, both of which effectively dissipate energy to enhance mechanical properties. Simultaneously, lignocellulose nanofibers and polyvinyl alcohol exhibit good water dispersibility and environmental friendliness, and cross-linking can be achieved at room temperature, resulting in lower energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the preparation of anti-beetle nanocellulose-based aerogels.

[0021] Figure 2 The macroscopic morphology of the hydrophilic skeleton LPG (left) and the anti-beetle structure aerogel LPG-G8M2 (right) in Example 1 is shown.

[0022] Figure 3 The images show SEM images of the lipophilic protrusion G8M2 and the beetle-structured aerogel LPG-G8M2 in Example 1, where (a) is the lipophilic protrusion G8M2 and (b) is the beetle-structured aerogel LPG-G8M2.

[0023] Figure 4 The dynamic changes in water contact angle of (a) hydrophilic skeleton LPG and (b) oleophilic protrusion G8M2 in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 5 Optical images (from left to right) of the original emulsion, the emulsion after filtration of hydrophilic skeleton LPG, and the emulsion after filtration of anti-beetle structured aerogel LPG-G8M2 in Example 1.

[0025] Figure 6 The oil-water separation efficiency of beetle-structured aerogels under different graphene-to-montmorillonite mass ratios in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 is shown.

[0026] Figure 7 The permeation flux of the beetle-structured aerogels under different graphene to montmorillonite mass ratios in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 is given. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1 A method for preparing anti-beetle nanocellulose-based aerogel includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of hydrophilic skeleton: The lignocellulose nanofiber suspension and polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain a mixed solution (solute mass of 0.08 g). 0.096 g of 25% glutaraldehyde solution was added as a crosslinking agent for 1 h. After freeze drying at -60 ℃ for 48 h, the hydrophilic skeleton was obtained, denoted as: LPG.

[0029] (2) Preparation of lipophilic protrusions: 0.08 g of montmorillonite (particle size < 50 μm) was dispersed in 50 mL of tert-butanol, 0.32 g of graphene was added, and the mixture was stirred at 500 rpm and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min with an ultrasonic power of 180 W. The mixture was then freeze-dried at -60 ℃ for 48 h to obtain lipophilic protrusion powder, denoted as G8M2.

[0030] (3) Preparation of anti-beetle structure: 0.004 g of lipophilic protrusion powder was dispersed in 10 mL of tert-butanol, and 0.1 g of hydrophilic skeleton was immersed in tert-butanol suspension. After removing excess liquid, the mixture was freeze-dried at -60 ℃ for 48 h to obtain anti-beetle structure aerogel with hydrophilic skeleton and lipophilic protrusion, denoted as: LPG-G8M2.

[0031] Example 2 A method for preparing anti-beetle nanocellulose-based aerogel includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of hydrophilic framework: The lignocellulose nanofiber suspension and polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain a mixed solution (solute mass of 0.08 g). 0.096 g of 25% glutaraldehyde solution was added as a crosslinking agent for 1 h. After freeze drying at -60 ℃ for 48 h, the hydrophilic framework was obtained. (2) Preparation of lipophilic protrusions: 0.16 g of montmorillonite (particle size < 50 μm) was dispersed in 50 mL of tert-butanol, 0.24 g of graphene was added, and the mixture was stirred at 500 rpm and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min with an ultrasonic power of 180 W. The mixture was then freeze-dried at -60 ℃ for 48 h to obtain lipophilic protrusion powder. (3) Preparation of anti-beetle structure: 0.004 g of lipophilic protrusion powder was dispersed in 10 mL of tert-butanol, and 0.1 g of hydrophilic skeleton was immersed in tert-butanol suspension. After removing excess liquid, the mixture was freeze-dried at -60 ℃ for 48 h to obtain an anti-beetle structure aerogel with hydrophilic skeleton and lipophilic protrusion, denoted as: LPG-G6M4.

[0032] Example 3 A method for preparing anti-beetle nanocellulose-based aerogel includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of hydrophilic framework: The lignocellulose nanofiber suspension and polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain a mixed solution (solute mass of 0.08 g). 0.096 g of 25% glutaraldehyde solution was added as a crosslinking agent for 1 h. After freeze drying at -60 ℃ for 48 h, the hydrophilic framework was obtained. (2) Preparation of lipophilic protrusions: 0.12 g of montmorillonite (particle size < 50 μm) was dispersed in 50 mL of tert-butanol, 0.28 g of graphene was added, and the mixture was stirred at 500 rpm and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min with an ultrasonic power of 180 W. The mixture was then freeze-dried at -60 ℃ for 48 h to obtain lipophilic protrusion powder. (3) Preparation of anti-beetle structure: 0.004 g of lipophilic protrusion powder was dispersed in 10 mL of tert-butanol, and 0.1 g of hydrophilic skeleton was immersed in tert-butanol suspension. After removing excess liquid, the mixture was freeze-dried at -60 ℃ for 48 h to obtain anti-beetle structure aerogel with hydrophilic skeleton and lipophilic protrusion, denoted as: LPG-G7M3.

[0033] Example 4 A method for preparing anti-beetle nanocellulose-based aerogel includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of hydrophilic framework: The lignocellulose nanofiber suspension and polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain a mixed solution (solute mass of 0.08 g). 0.096 g of 25% glutaraldehyde solution was added as a crosslinking agent for 1 h. After freeze drying at -60 ℃ for 48 h, the hydrophilic framework was obtained. (2) Preparation of lipophilic protrusions: 0.04 g of montmorillonite (particle size < 50 μm) was dispersed in 50 mL of tert-butanol, 0.36 g of graphene was added, and the mixture was stirred at 500 rpm and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min with an ultrasonic power of 180 W. The mixture was then freeze-dried at -60 ℃ for 48 h to obtain lipophilic protrusion powder. (3) Preparation of anti-beetle structure: 0.004 g of lipophilic protrusion powder was dispersed in 10 mL of tert-butanol, and 0.1 g of hydrophilic skeleton was immersed in tert-butanol suspension. After removing excess liquid, the mixture was freeze-dried at -60 ℃ for 48 h to obtain anti-beetle structure aerogel with hydrophilic skeleton and lipophilic protrusion, denoted as: LPG-G9M1.

[0034] Example 5 A method for preparing anti-beetle nanocellulose-based aerogel includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of hydrophilic framework: The lignocellulose nanofiber suspension and polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 6:4 to obtain a mixed solution (solute mass of 0.08 g). 0.069 g of 35% glutaraldehyde solution was added as a crosslinking agent for 2 h. After freeze drying at -70 ℃ for 36 h, the hydrophilic framework was obtained. (2) Preparation of lipophilic protrusions: 0.08 g of montmorillonite (particle size < 50 μm) was dispersed in 50 mL of tert-butanol, 0.32 g of graphene was added, and the mixture was stirred at 700 rpm and ultrasonically dispersed for 15 min with an ultrasonic power of 200 W. The mixture was then freeze-dried at -70 ℃ for 36 h to obtain lipophilic protrusion powder. (3) Preparation of anti-beetle structure: 0.002 g of lipophilic protrusion powder was dispersed in 6 mL of tert-butanol, and 6 g of hydrophilic skeleton was immersed in tert-butanol suspension. After removing excess liquid, the mixture was freeze-dried at -50 °C for 72 h to obtain anti-beetle structure aerogel with hydrophilic skeleton and lipophilic protrusion.

[0035] Example 6 A method for preparing anti-beetle nanocellulose-based aerogel includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of hydrophilic framework: The lignocellulose nanofiber suspension and polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 8:2 to obtain a mixed solution (solute mass of 0.08 g). 0.048 g of 50% glutaraldehyde solution was added as a crosslinking agent for 1.5 h. After freeze drying at -50 ℃ for 72 h, the hydrophilic framework was obtained. (2) Preparation of lipophilic protrusions: 0.16 g of montmorillonite (particle size < 50 μm) was dispersed in 50 mL of tert-butanol, 0.24 g of graphene was added, and the mixture was stirred at 500 rpm and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min with an ultrasonic power of 180 W. The mixture was then freeze-dried at -50 ℃ for 72 h to obtain lipophilic protrusion powder. (3) Preparation of anti-beetle structure: 0.01 g of lipophilic protrusion powder was dispersed in 10 mL of tert-butanol, and 0.1 g of hydrophilic skeleton was immersed in tert-butanol suspension. After removing excess liquid, the mixture was freeze-dried at -70 °C for 36 h to obtain anti-beetle structure aerogel with hydrophilic skeleton and lipophilic protrusion.

[0036] Comparative Example 1 Preparation of hydrophilic framework: Lignocellulose nanofiber suspension and polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain a mixed solution (solute mass of 0.08 g). 0.096 g of 25% glutaraldehyde solution was added as a crosslinking agent. After freeze-drying at -60 ℃ for 48 h, the hydrophilic framework was obtained, denoted as LPG.

[0037] Material property analysis and testing I. Morphological and structural analysis of materials Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation of the beetle-infested nanocellulose-based aerogel (LPG-GM) of this invention. A hydrophilic framework (LPG) is constructed using hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds between LCNF, PVA, and GA. An oleophilic protrusion (GM) is formed between montmorillonite and graphene through strong van der Waals forces. The two are then tightly bound together by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces to form the beetle-infested nanocellulose-based aerogel (LPG-GM).

[0038] Figure 2The macroscopic morphological structures of LPG and LPG-G8M2 aerogels in Example 1 are shown. LPG has a regular morphological structure and exhibits certain mechanical strength, which is beneficial for its use as a filter material, while the surface color of LPG-G8M2 is darker, indicating the successful loading of the oleophilic protrusions G8M2.

[0039] Figure 3 The microstructure of G8M2 in LPG is shown in Example 1. G8M2 is a composite particle composed of sheet-like graphene and blocky montmorillonite. Figure 3 a) After being loaded onto the hydrophilic skeleton by the impregnation method, G8M2 is evenly distributed on the surface of the hydrophilic skeleton (red dashed box), which is beneficial to exert the active oil-capturing properties of the oleophilic protrusions.

[0040] II. Material wettability test The wettability of water was tested using the hydrophilic skeleton LPG prepared in Comparative Example 1 and the lipophilic protrusion G8M2 prepared in Example 1, and the water contact angle was analyzed. Figure 4 LPG rapidly absorbs water droplets within 100 ms, demonstrating superhydrophilic properties. Figure 4 a); G8M2 exhibits significant water droplet repulsion, with a water contact angle of 112°, demonstrating excellent oleophilic properties. Figure 4 b).

[0041] III. Oil-water separation performance analysis (1) Using the anti-beetle aerogel LPG-G8M2 prepared in Example 1 and the hydrophilic skeleton LPG prepared in Comparative Example 1, an oil-in-water emulsion was subjected to an oil-water separation test to obtain the emulsion after oil-water separation, and compared with the original emulsion to analyze the difference in clarity between the emulsions. Figure 5 The original emulsion was milky white; after filtration through the hydrophilic framework, its color became lighter, thanks to the water film on the surface of the superhydrophilic framework repelling oil stains; after loading the lipophilic protrusion G8M2, its color became significantly clearer (from left to right), thanks to the water film's repulsive effect and the lipophilic protrusion's active oil-capturing properties.

[0042] (2) The oil-water separation of oil-in-water emulsions was tested using the anti-beetle-structured aerogels prepared in Examples 1-4 and the hydrophilic framework aerogels prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the separation efficiency was analyzed. Figure 6 ) and permeation flux ( Figure 7 ).

[0043] The oil-water separation efficiency of beetle aerogels at different graphene to montmorillonite mass ratios is as follows: Figure 6As shown, the separation efficiency of pure hydrophilic framework aerogel (LPG) for oil-in-water emulsions is 83.86%, while the separation efficiency of the beetle-structured aerogel (LPG-GM) loaded with lipophilic protrusions in Examples 1-4 is improved to 94.29-95.26%. The beetle-structured aerogel prepared by this invention has a separation efficiency that is 10.43-11.4% higher than that of pure hydrophilic framework aerogel (LPG). This is mainly because, compared with traditional single superhydrophilic materials, the lipophilic protrusions in this invention actively capture oil droplets, causing them to demulsify and coalesce into large oil droplets, thereby improving the oil-water separation effect.

[0044] (3) The osmotic flux results of the anti-beetle aerogel under different graphene to montmorillonite mass ratios are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the permeation flux of pure hydrophilic framework aerogel (LPG) to oil-in-water emulsion is 6376 L / m. 2 h -1 In Examples 1-4, the permeation flux of the beetle-structured aerogel (LPG-GM) loaded with lipophilic protrusions was significantly increased to 10888–15385 L / m. 2 h -1 The permeation flux of the beetle-structured aerogel prepared by this invention is 4512~9009 L / m higher than that of pure hydrophilic framework aerogel (LPG). 2 h -1 This is mainly because, compared to traditional single superhydrophilic materials, the oleophilic protrusions reduce the hydrophilicity of the superhydrophilic framework, decrease the flow resistance of the emulsion, and thus significantly improve the oil-water separation flux.

[0045] Therefore, thanks to the synergistic effect of the hydrophilic skeleton and the oleophilic protrusions, the beetle-structured aerogel prepared in this invention exhibits excellent oil-water separation performance for oil-in-water emulsions.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing onychophora nanocellulose-based aerogels, characterized by, Includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of hydrophilic framework: The lignocellulose nanofiber suspension and polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution were mixed evenly to obtain a mixture, and then glutaraldehyde solution was added as a crosslinking agent. After freeze drying, the hydrophilic framework was obtained. (2) Preparation of lipophilic protrusions: Montmorillonite was dispersed in tert-butanol, graphene was added, and after stirring and ultrasonic dispersion, it was freeze-dried to obtain lipophilic protrusion powder; (3) Preparation of anti-beetle structure: The lipophilic protrusion powder of step (2) is dispersed in tert-butanol to obtain tert-butanol suspension. Then, the hydrophilic skeleton of step (1) is immersed in tert-butanol suspension. After draining off the excess liquid, it is freeze-dried to obtain anti-beetle structure aerogel with hydrophilic skeleton and lipophilic protrusion.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the onychogryphosis structure aerogel is prepared by the steps of: In step (1), the mass ratio of the lignocellulose nanofibers to polyvinyl alcohol is 1.5 to 4:

1.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the onychogryphosis structure aerogel is prepared by the steps of: In step (1), the mass concentration of the glutaraldehyde solution is 25-50%, the crosslinking temperature is 20-30℃, the crosslinking reaction time is 1-2h, and the amount of crosslinking agent added is 20-40% of the mass percentage of the solute in the mixture.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: In step (2), the ratio of montmorillonite to tert-butanol protons is 0.1–1 g: 25–100 mL, and the mass ratio of montmorillonite to graphene is 1:1.5–9.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the onychogryphosis structure aerogel is prepared by the steps of: In step (2), the particle size of the montmorillonite is <50μm, the stirring speed is 300~700 rpm, the ultrasonic power is 180~200 W, and the time is 15~30 min.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: In step (3), the ratio of the lipophilic protrusion powder to the tert-butanol protoplast is 0.002-0.01 g: 6-10 mL, and the mass ratio of the lipophilic protrusion powder to the hydrophilic skeleton is 1-10:

100.

7. The method for preparing the anti-beetle-structured aerogel according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps (1), (2), and (3), the freeze-drying temperature is -50 to -70 °C, and the time is 36 to 72 h.

8. The beetle nanocellulose-based aerogel prepared by the preparation method of beetle nanocellulose-based aerogel according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The application of the anti-beetle nanocellulose-based aerogel as described in claim 8 in oil-water separation.

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