A dismounting and pushing linkage integrated dismounting mechanism of a shield machine cutter

Abstract

This invention discloses an integrated disassembly and ejection mechanism for tunnel boring machine (TBM) cutterheads, belonging to the technical field of tunnel excavation equipment. It includes a cutterhead holder, a cutterhead fixing mechanism, and a cutterhead ejection mechanism. The cutterhead holder is welded into the cutter box on the TBM cutterhead. The cutterhead fixing mechanism includes a screw, a movable wedge, and a cutterhead pad. The screw is rotatably mounted on the cutterhead and connected to the movable wedge via a thread. The cutterhead pad is fixedly mounted on the cutterhead. The cutterhead ejection mechanism includes a rack, a threaded gear shaft, and a cutterhead ejection block. The rack is fixedly mounted in the groove of the movable wedge. The threaded gear shaft is rotatably mounted on the cutterhead, and the rack meshes with a gear on the threaded gear shaft, which is connected to the cutterhead ejection block via a thread. Rotating the screw enables the linkage between the movable wedge and the cutterhead ejection block. The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated disassembly and ejection mechanism for TBM cutterheads, addressing the problem of insufficient adaptability of existing mechanisms for robotic cutterhead changing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation equipment, specifically relating to an integrated disassembly and assembly mechanism for the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine that combines disassembly and ejection. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are the core equipment for tunnel excavation. Cutting cutters, as key rock-breaking components, withstand high stress and strong impacts in hard rock and complex strata, resulting in rapid wear and frequent replacements, severely restricting construction efficiency. Currently, manual cutter replacement requires disassembling and assembling heavy-duty cutting cutters within the confined space of the cutterhead, leading to high labor intensity, high safety risks, complex auxiliary procedures, and long downtime. In recent years, cutting cutter replacement robot technology has developed rapidly, enabling the grasping, handling, and bolt tightening of cutting cutters, laying the foundation for unmanned cutting cutter replacement. However, most current mainstream cutting cutter installation methods employ eccentric arrangement, requiring the robot to perform a translational motion when grasping the cutter, increasing the complexity of the robot's movement trajectory. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a compact, integrated cutting cutter disassembly and assembly mechanism that can simultaneously push out the cutting cutters, providing a fundamental guarantee for efficient and automated cutting cutter replacement. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated disassembly and ejection mechanism for tunnel boring machine cutterheads, which solves the problems of existing tunnel boring machine cutterhead disassembly and ejection mechanisms being unable to actively eject cutterheads and making it difficult to achieve fully automated cutterhead replacement.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A shield tunneling machine cutterhead assembly and disassembly mechanism with integrated disassembly and ejection, comprising a cutterhead holder, a cutterhead fixing mechanism, and a cutterhead ejection mechanism;

[0006] The hobbing cutter fixing mechanism includes a screw, a screw end cap, an anti-loosening washer, a movable wedge, a spring, a shaft end retaining ring, a retaining ring fastening screw, a screw plug, and a hobbing cutter pad. The screw is rotatably installed in the screw mounting hole of the cutter holder through the screw end cap. An anti-loosening washer is installed between the screw and the cutter holder. The screw is threadedly connected to the movable wedge. The movable wedge is movably disposed in the cutter holder. One side of the movable wedge is in contact with the inner wall of the cutter holder, thereby restricting the rotation of the movable wedge. The hobbing cutter pad is fixedly installed on the cutter holder by bolts.

[0007] The hob ejection mechanism includes a rack, a threaded gear shaft, and a hob ejection block. The rack is fixedly mounted on a movable wedge. The threaded gear shaft is rotatably mounted in a threaded gear shaft mounting section on the tool holder via bearings. The threaded gear shaft has a gear that meshes with the rack and has an external thread. The hob ejection block is threadedly mounted on the external thread section of the threaded gear shaft. The hob ejection block has a guide plane that fits against the inner wall of the tool holder, allowing it to move only along the axial direction of the threaded gear shaft. When the screw is rotated, the movable wedge moves away from the hob shaft and drives the threaded gear shaft to rotate via the meshing of the rack and gear. The threaded gear shaft then drives the hob ejection block to move closer to the hob shaft via the thread, thus ejecting the hob from inside the tool holder outwards.

[0008] Furthermore, the threaded gear shaft is a stepped shaft with bearings installed at both ends. The bearings are located in the threaded gear shaft mounting part on the tool holder. One end of the threaded gear shaft has an external thread for engaging with the internal thread of the hob ejector block. The threaded gear shaft is partially embedded in the tool holder and is rotatably mounted on the tool holder by long and short cover plates and bolts.

[0009] Furthermore, the movable wedge is configured as a T-shaped structure, with the long branch inclined surface of the movable wedge fitting against the hob cutter shaft and the short branch inclined surface fitting against the cutter holder. The movable wedge is longitudinally and coaxially provided with a screw slot, a spring slot, and a screw plug slot. The inner side of the screw slot is provided with an internal thread that mates with the screw, and the inner side of the screw plug slot is provided with an internal thread that mates with the screw plug. The outer side wall of the movable wedge has a rack groove, and the rack groove has a number of threaded holes arranged longitudinally for fixing the rack.

[0010] Furthermore, a spring, a shaft end retaining ring, a retaining ring fastening screw, and a screw plug are placed in the movable wedge block. The spring is sleeved on the screw rod and placed in the spring slot. The shaft end retaining ring is fixedly installed at the end of the screw rod by the retaining ring fastening screw, so that the spring is pre-compressed.

[0011] Furthermore, the rack is fixed in the rack groove of the movable wedge by bolts.

[0012] Furthermore, the hob ejector block is provided with a threaded through hole, which engages with the external thread section of the threaded gear shaft; a guide slope is also provided on one side of the hob ejector block, which fits against the inner wall of the cutter holder.

[0013] Preferably, the tool holder is machined as a single piece, with a groove provided at the bolt mounting position of the hob pad and a gear groove provided at the gear mounting position.

[0014] Preferably, the gear and the threaded gear shaft are machined as a single piece.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) The longitudinal linear motion of the moving wedge is converted into the lateral pushing motion of the hob pusher by the composite mechanism consisting of screw nut-gear rack-screw nut, which can push the hob to the designated position, simplifying the hob assembly and disassembly steps, and enabling the end effector of the tool changing robot to quickly and accurately clamp the hob.

[0017] (2) The movable wedge of the present invention is configured as a T-shaped structure, which can balance the unbalanced torque generated by the reaction force when tightening the hob and optimize the stress condition of the screw.

[0018] (3) The movable wedge of the present invention is provided with a spring inside, which can press the movable wedge tightly to prevent the movable wedge from disengaging from the screw thread. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are used to assist in understanding the technical solutions of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hob in the locked state of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hob in the released state of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the movable wedge structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the movable wedge block of the present invention.

[0026] The symbols for the main components in the diagram are explained below:

[0027] In the attached diagram, 1-tool holder, 2-screw, 3-screw end cap, 4-hob pad, 5-hob, 6-hob ejector block, 7-moving wedge, 8-rack, 9-long cover plate, 10-short cover plate, 11-threaded gear shaft, 12-bearing, 13-spring, 14-shaft end retaining ring, 15-retaining ring fastening screw, 16-screw plug, 17-anti-loosening washer. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a fixed installation, a welded installation, or an embedded installation. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a shield machine cutterhead integrated disassembly and ejection linkage mechanism includes: cutterhead holder 1, cutterhead fixing mechanism, and cutterhead ejection mechanism.

[0031] The hobbing cutter fixing mechanism includes a screw 2, a screw end cap 3, an anti-loosening washer 17, a movable wedge 7, a spring 13, a shaft end retaining ring 14, a retaining ring fastening screw 15, a screw plug 16, and a hobbing cutter pad 4. The cutter holder 1 is provided with a screw mounting hole, and the screw 2 is rotatably mounted on the cutter holder 1 through the screw end cap 3, which restricts the axial movement of the screw 2. The screw end cap 3 is fixed to the cutter holder 1 by bolts. The threaded end of the screw 2 is screwed into the threaded hole of the movable wedge 7. The spring 13 is fitted on the screw 2 and placed in the spring slot of the movable wedge 7. The shaft end retaining ring 14 is fixedly mounted on the end of the screw 2 by the retaining ring fastening screw 15. The screw plug 16 is screwed into the screw plug slot. The hobbing cutter pad 4 is fixedly mounted on the cutter holder 1 by bolts.

[0032] The hob ejection mechanism includes a rack 8, a threaded gear shaft 11, a bearing 12, and a hob ejection block 6. The rack 8 is fixedly mounted on a movable wedge 7 by bolts. The tool holder 1 has a threaded gear shaft mounting part, and the threaded gear shaft 11 is rotatably mounted on the tool holder 1 by bearings 12 at both ends. The threaded gear shaft 11 is a stepped shaft, one section of which is machined with external threads. The threaded gear shaft mounting part is provided with a long cover plate 9 and a short cover plate 10 at both ends for fixing the bearings 12. The long cover plate 9 and the short cover plate 10 are fixedly connected to the tool holder 1 by bolts. The hob ejection block 6 is provided with a threaded through hole, which cooperates with the external threaded section on the threaded gear shaft 11 to form a helical pair, so that the rotational motion of the threaded gear shaft 11 is converted into the linear motion of the hob ejection block 6 along the axial direction of the threaded gear shaft 11.

[0033] Working principle: such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, thread 2 is right-handed. The initial state is as follows. Figure 4 As shown, the movable wedge 7, the hob pad 4, and the hob ejector block 6 together clamp the hob shaft, restricting the movement of the hob 5. Rotating the screw 2 counterclockwise drives the movable wedge 7 to move away from the hob 5 via the thread.

[0034] As the moving wedge 7 moves, the rack 8 fixed on the moving wedge 7 moves synchronously with it. The rack 8 meshes with the gear on the threaded gear shaft 11, driving the threaded gear shaft 11 to rotate. The threaded gear shaft 11 drives the hob ejector block 6 to move axially along the threaded gear shaft 11 via the thread. The end face of the hob ejector block 6 pushes the cutter shaft of the hob 5, ejecting the hob 5. The robot can then clamp the hob and remove it directly.

[0035] like Figure 6 As shown, a rack groove is provided on the outer side wall of the movable wedge 7. Threaded holes are arranged longitudinally in the rack groove. The rack 8 is embedded in the rack groove and fixed by bolts, thereby fixing the rack 8 on the movable wedge 7.

[0036] like Figure 7 As shown, the movable wedge 7 is configured as a T-shaped structure, with a screw slot, a spring slot and a screw plug slot machined coaxially in the longitudinal direction inside; the screw slot is provided with an internal thread for engaging with the external thread section of the screw 2, and the spring 13 is installed in the spring slot; the inner wall of the screw plug slot is provided with an internal thread for engaging with the screw plug 16.

[0037] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield tunneling machine cutterhead disassembly and assembly mechanism with disassembly-extraction linkage, characterized in that, include: Tool holder, hob fixing mechanism and hob ejection mechanism; The hobbing cutter fixing mechanism includes a screw, a screw end cap, an anti-loosening washer, a movable wedge, a spring, a shaft end retaining ring, a retaining ring fastening screw, a screw plug, and a hobbing cutter pad. The cutter holder has a screw mounting hole, one end of which passes through the screw mounting hole and is rotatably mounted on the cutter holder via the screw end cap. The cutter holder has a guide groove for mounting the movable wedge, which is threaded onto the screw and can move linearly within the guide groove on the cutter holder as the screw rotates. The hobbing cutter pad is fixedly mounted inside the cutter holder by bolts. The hobbing cutter ejection mechanism includes a rack, a threaded gear shaft, and a hobbing cutter ejection block. The rack is fixedly installed in a rack groove on a movable wedge. The tool holder has a threaded gear shaft mounting part, and the threaded gear shaft is rotatably installed in the threaded gear shaft mounting part of the tool holder. The threaded gear shaft is machined with a gear and an external thread section. The gear on the threaded gear shaft meshes with the rack. The hobbing cutter ejection block has an internal threaded hole and is installed on the threaded gear shaft through a threaded fit. The hobbing cutter ejection block has at least one guide plane, and the inner wall of the tool holder has a mating surface that fits against the guide plane, so that the hobbing cutter ejection block can only move along the axial direction of the threaded gear shaft. The movable wedge, the hob ejector block, and the hob pad block together form a space for clamping the hob shaft; When the screw is rotated, the movable wedge moves away from the hob pad under the drive of the screw. The movement of the movable wedge drives the rack to move, and the rack drives the threaded gear shaft to rotate. In turn, the hob ejector block moves axially along the threaded gear shaft through the threaded transmission, so as to push the hob outward from the cutter holder.

2. The integrated disassembly and ejection mechanism for tunnel boring machine cutterheads as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The movable wedge is configured as a T-shaped structure, and the movable wedge includes a long branch and a short branch. When the hob is fixed, the inclined surface of the short branch fits against the cutter holder to balance the torque generated by the hob shaft pressing against the inclined surface of the long branch.

3. The integrated disassembly and ejection mechanism for tunnel boring machine cutterheads as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The movable wedge has a screw slot, a spring slot, and a plug slot arranged coaxially inside. The screw slot has an internal thread that mates with the screw, and the plug slot has an internal thread that mates with the plug. The outer wall of the movable wedge has a rack groove with several threaded holes arranged longitudinally in the groove.

4. The integrated disassembly and ejection mechanism for tunnel boring machine cutterheads as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The movable wedge is equipped with a spring, a shaft end retaining ring, and a screw plug. The spring is installed in the spring slot of the movable wedge, and the shaft end retaining ring is installed at the end of the screw by a retaining ring fastening screw. The spring is pre-compressed between the spring slot and the shaft end retaining ring to apply a tightening force along the screw axis to the movable wedge. The screw plug is screwed into the screw plug slot.

5. The integrated disassembly and ejection mechanism for tunnel boring machine cutterheads as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The threaded gear shaft is a stepped shaft, and bearings are installed at both ends of the threaded gear shaft. The bearings are located in the threaded gear shaft mounting part of the tool holder. The threaded gear shaft is partially embedded in the tool holder, and the bearings and the threaded gear shaft are pressed tightly in the threaded gear shaft mounting part of the tool holder by a long cover plate and a short cover plate. The long cover plate and the short cover plate are fixedly installed on the tool holder by bolts.

6. The integrated disassembly and ejection mechanism for tunnel boring machine cutterheads as described in claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the hob ejector block is provided with a pushing surface for contacting the hob shaft; one side of the hob ejector block is provided with an inclined surface that fits against the inner wall of the cutter holder.

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