A thyroid nodule ablation control system based on ultrasound contrast parameters
The thyroid nodule ablation control system based on ultrasound contrast parameters solves the problems of inaccurate assessment of the ablation range, heat sink effect caused by untreated blood supply arteries, and low ablation efficiency in the ablation of large solid thyroid nodules, achieving precise and efficient ablation results and a low recurrence rate.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA JAPAN FRIENDSHIP HOSPITAL OF JILIN UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-03
Smart Images
Figure CN122320673A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the fields of medical imaging, ultrasound contrast imaging analysis and energy ablation control technology, and in particular to a thyroid nodule ablation control system based on ultrasound contrast imaging parameters. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, with the development of imaging techniques, the detection rate of thyroid nodules has significantly improved, with benign nodules accounting for the vast majority. For large, solid benign thyroid nodules, intervention is usually required due to their potential to cause compressive symptoms or affect appearance. While traditional surgery can effectively remove the lesions, it suffers from significant trauma, a long recovery period, and impacts the aesthetics of the neck. Therefore, minimally invasive thermal ablation techniques have gradually become an important means of treating these nodules.
[0003] Microwave ablation, as a commonly used thermal ablation method, has been widely applied in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. This technique involves placing an ablation electrode inside the target nodule and releasing electromagnetic energy to induce a thermal effect in the tissue, thereby achieving coagulative necrosis of the local tissue. However, existing microwave ablation techniques still have certain limitations for larger solid nodules.
[0004] Firstly, in terms of preoperative and postoperative assessment, current techniques typically rely on conventional ultrasound to determine the extent of nodules and the effectiveness of ablation. Because some nodules lack a complete capsule or have unclear boundaries, conventional ultrasound struggles to accurately reflect the true boundaries of the nodules. Furthermore, in postoperative assessment, conventional ultrasound is also ineffective in distinguishing between completely necrotic areas and residual viable tissue, easily leading to an overestimation of the ablation extent and thus affecting subsequent treatment decisions.
[0005] Secondly, during ablation, large nodules usually have clearly defined feeding arteries. Current techniques often fail to prioritize the treatment of these arteries, resulting in continuous blood flow. On one hand, the blood flow carries away the heat generated during ablation, creating a heat sink effect and reducing local temperature accumulation, thus affecting the ablation effect and leading to incomplete ablation. On the other hand, uncontrolled feeding arteries during puncture and ablation may also increase the risk of intraoperative bleeding.
[0006] Furthermore, due to inaccurate assessment of the ablation range and ineffective control of blood supply, existing microwave ablation techniques often result in incomplete ablation and a large amount of residual active tissue when treating large solid benign thyroid nodules. This leads to a high rate of nodule regeneration or recurrence, and some patients require a second ablation treatment.
[0007] In addition, to compensate for the insufficient ablation efficiency, it is often necessary to prolong the ablation time or increase the ablation energy. This not only increases the energy consumption per unit volume of tissue, but may also cause thermal damage to adjacent important structures (such as the recurrent laryngeal nerve, trachea and esophagus), reducing the safety of treatment.
[0008] On the other hand, contrast-enhanced ultrasound can provide richer blood flow information than conventional ultrasound by observing the microcirculation perfusion of contrast agents within tissues, and has been applied in the ablation assessment of tumors in organs such as the liver and kidneys. Meanwhile, nutrient artery ablation, as a technique that prioritizes the treatment of lesion blood supply to improve ablation efficacy, has also achieved certain results in the treatment of some tumors. However, in the microwave ablation treatment of large solid benign nodules of the thyroid gland, how to effectively combine contrast-enhanced ultrasound with the treatment of feeding arteries, and form a systematic and controllable ablation strategy to achieve accurate assessment, improve ablation efficiency, and reduce recurrence rates, remains a pressing technical problem to be solved in current technologies. Summary of the Invention
[0009] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a thyroid nodule ablation control system based on ultrasound contrast parameters to solve the problems of inaccurate ablation range assessment, significant heat sink effect due to untreated blood supply arteries, low ablation efficiency and high residual recurrence rate in the prior art, and to achieve precise and efficient ablation of target tissues.
[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In one possible implementation, a thyroid nodule ablation control system based on ultrasound contrast imaging parameters includes: An ultrasound data acquisition module is used to acquire conventional ultrasound images and contrast-enhanced ultrasound images of the target tissue; a contrast-enhanced parameter analysis module is used to extract perfusion time parameters, perfusion intensity parameters, and perfusion sequence parameters from the contrast-enhanced ultrasound images, and construct a perfusion feature model of the target tissue based on the parameters; a blood supply identification module is used to identify the blood supply artery or blood supply area of the target tissue based on the perfusion feature model and through preset judgment rules, wherein the judgment rules include at least: a judgment rule for the area where the contrast agent first arrives and a judgment rule for the perfusion intensity threshold; an ablation strategy generation module is used to generate a staged ablation control strategy based on the blood supply artery or blood supply area and the spatial distribution information of the target tissue, wherein the staged ablation control strategy includes: a first stage The ablation strategy consists of a first-stage priority ablation strategy for the feeding artery or feeding area, and a second-stage main ablation strategy for the target tissue. An ablation execution module is used to execute energy ablation operations according to the phased ablation control strategy. A feedback evaluation module is used to detect residual perfusion within the target area based on ultrasound contrast imaging during or after ablation, and to identify residual active areas. A closed-loop control module is used to dynamically adjust the ablation strategy and generate supplementary ablation instructions based on the spatial location and perfusion parameters of the residual active areas, forming an iterative closed-loop ablation control process. An energy optimization module is used to calculate the energy requirement per unit volume based on the target tissue volume, perfusion characteristics, and ablation process parameters, and to adaptively adjust the ablation power and ablation time.
[0011] In one possible implementation, the perfusion time parameters include one or more of the following: contrast agent arrival time, peak time, and decay time.
[0012] In one possible implementation, the blood supply identification module determines the earliest perfusion area as the supply artery or supply area by comparing the contrast agent arrival time difference ΔT in different areas.
[0013] In one possible implementation, the blood supply identification module filters the blood supply artery or blood supply area based on the comparison result of the perfusion intensity parameter and the preset intensity threshold.
[0014] In one possible implementation, the ablation strategy generation module is used to determine the ablation priority based on the blood supply intensity parameter, and to perform ablation of the blood supply artery first when the blood supply intensity is higher than a preset threshold.
[0015] In one possible implementation, the ablation strategy generation module is further configured to divide the target tissue into multiple ablation sub-regions based on its spatial distribution, and perform partition ablation sequentially according to a preset path.
[0016] In one possible implementation, the feedback evaluation module determines the area where contrast agent perfusion occurs as a residual active area by detecting the reperfusion of contrast agent in the target area.
[0017] In one possible implementation, the closed-loop control module is used to generate a supplementary ablation path and parameters based on the location, volume, and perfusion intensity of the residual active region after detecting it.
[0018] In one possible implementation, the energy optimization module is used to calculate the ablation energy per unit volume based on the formula E=PT / V, where P is the ablation power, T is the ablation time, and V is the target tissue volume, and to optimize the ablation parameters based on the ablation energy per unit volume.
[0019] In one possible implementation, the energy optimization module is further configured to adjust the ablation energy based on the blood supply status, thereby reducing the energy input to the target tissue after ablation of the supply artery.
[0020] In one possible implementation, it also includes a safety control module for monitoring the structures surrounding the target area during the ablation process and adjusting ablation parameters or terminating ablation when a risk is detected.
[0021] In one possible implementation, the system is suitable for energy ablation treatment of solid tissues.
[0022] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention provides a thyroid nodule ablation control system based on ultrasound contrast imaging parameters. This system acquires ultrasound contrast imaging images of the target tissue and extracts perfusion time, perfusion intensity, and perfusion sequence parameters to construct a perfusion feature model. Then, based on the contrast agent arrival time difference and perfusion intensity threshold, it identifies the feeding artery or feeding area, achieving accurate determination of the blood supply source of the target tissue. On this basis, a staged ablation control strategy is generated, prioritizing the ablation of the feeding artery or feeding area, thereby effectively blocking the blood supply to the target tissue, reducing the heat-carrying effect of blood flow, weakening the heat sink effect, improving the heat accumulation efficiency of subsequent main ablation, and reducing the energy required for ablation.
[0023] Furthermore, after treating the feeding artery or feeding area, the target tissue is subjected to main ablation, and the spatial distribution of the target tissue is combined with zoning or path planning to make the ablation process more uniform and controllable, thereby improving the integrity and consistency of the overall ablation. At the same time, during or after ablation, the perfusion status in the target area is monitored in real time by ultrasound contrast imaging, which can accurately distinguish between completely necrotic areas and residual active areas, avoiding the overestimation of the ablation range by conventional ultrasound and improving the accuracy of ablation assessment.
[0024] Based on this, a closed-loop control mechanism is used to dynamically generate supplementary ablation paths and ablation parameters according to the spatial location, volume and perfusion characteristics of the detected residual active area, realizing an iterative process of "detection-judgment-adjustment-reablation", thereby effectively eliminating residual active tissue and significantly reducing the risk of recurrence caused by incomplete ablation.
[0025] In addition, the energy optimization module calculates the ablation energy per unit volume based on the target tissue volume and ablation process parameters, and adaptively adjusts the ablation power and ablation time in combination with the blood supply status. After the blood supply artery is ablated, the overall energy input requirement is reduced, thereby reducing energy consumption, shortening the ablation time, and reducing the risk of thermal damage to surrounding normal tissues while ensuring the ablation effect.
[0026] In summary, this invention effectively solves the problems of inaccurate ablation range assessment, significant heat sink effect due to untreated blood supply arteries, low ablation efficiency, high energy consumption, and high residual recurrence rate in existing technologies through a synergistic mechanism of "quantitative analysis of perfusion parameters, precise identification of blood supply, staged ablation control, angiography feedback evaluation, closed-loop adaptive adjustment, and energy optimization control," thus achieving precision, intelligence, and efficiency in the ablation process. Attached Figure Description
[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these drawings are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an ablation closed-loop control system based on ultrasound contrast parameters according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the target tissue under conventional ultrasound imaging before surgery in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of blood flow distribution in the target tissue under routine preoperative color Doppler ultrasound flow imaging (CDFI) in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the target tissue perfusion under preoperative ultrasound contrast imaging in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the localization of the blood supply artery or blood supply area based on ultrasound contrast imaging in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the ablation process of the blood supply artery in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the disappearance of local blood flow after ablation of the feeding artery in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8This is a schematic diagram illustrating the perfusion status of the target area using ultrasound contrast imaging after ablation, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0029] To enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The present invention provides an ablation closed-loop control system based on ultrasound contrast imaging parameters. This system performs preoperative ultrasound and ultrasound contrast imaging assessments on the target tissue, extracts perfusion-related parameters, and identifies the feeding artery or blood supply area, thereby generating a staged ablation strategy. During the ablation process, the feeding artery or blood supply area is treated first, followed by the main ablation of the target tissue. Postoperative contrast imaging assessment and a closed-loop feedback mechanism are used to perform supplementary ablation on residual active areas. Simultaneously, an energy optimization mechanism dynamically adjusts the ablation parameters, thereby achieving precise, efficient, and safe ablation of the target tissue. The following will describe the specific implementation process of the present invention in detail, including the overall system structure, implementation target, equipment parameters, preoperative assessment, ablation operation, postoperative assessment, and effect analysis.
[0030] I. System Overall Structure Description In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a thyroid nodule ablation control system based on ultrasound contrast imaging parameters, comprising: an ultrasound data acquisition module, a contrast imaging parameter analysis module, a blood supply identification module, an ablation strategy generation module, an ablation execution module, a feedback evaluation module, a closed-loop control module, and an energy optimization module. The modules form a closed-loop control link through data interaction.
[0031] The modules can be integrated into the same processing platform or distributed through communication interfaces, and data transmission and control coordination can be achieved through wired or wireless means.
[0032] (1) Ultrasonic data acquisition module The ultrasound data acquisition module is used to acquire conventional ultrasound images and contrast-enhanced ultrasound images of the target tissue.
[0033] Specifically, the module includes an ultrasound probe and an image acquisition unit, which can acquire two-dimensional or three-dimensional image information of the target tissue in different scanning modes. In ultrasound contrast imaging mode, by coordinating with the contrast agent injection process, time-series image data of the target tissue are continuously acquired to form complete perfusion dynamic process data.
[0034] This module can also preprocess the acquired images, including image enhancement, noise suppression, and region segmentation, to improve the accuracy of subsequent analysis.
[0035] (2) Imaging parameter analysis module The contrast imaging parameter analysis module is used to extract perfusion time parameters, perfusion intensity parameters, and perfusion sequence parameters from the ultrasound contrast imaging images.
[0036] Specifically, this module constructs time-intensity curves for each pixel or region of the target tissue based on time-series contrast images, and extracts from them: contrast agent arrival time Peak time Injection strength value Perfusion change rate Furthermore, by comparing and analyzing curves from different regions, a perfusion characteristic model can be formed to describe the blood flow distribution and dynamic changes within the target tissue.
[0037] (3) Blood supply identification module The blood supply identification module is used to identify the blood supply artery or blood supply area.
[0038] Specifically, based on the perfusion feature model, this module filters different regions according to preset judgment rules, including: Regional determination based on the earliest infusion time Screening based on infusion intensity threshold In some implementations, the module can also combine spatial connectivity analysis to cluster the identified blood supply areas to improve the accuracy of blood supply artery localization.
[0039] (4) Ablation strategy generation module The ablation strategy generation module is used to generate a phased ablation strategy.
[0040] Specifically, based on the blood supply identification results and the spatial distribution information of the target tissue, this module generates an ablation strategy that includes the following: Ablation sequence (feeding arteries first, main tissues follow) Ablation path (layer-by-layer or partitioned path) Ablation parameters (power, time, and range of action) Furthermore, this module can automatically adjust priorities based on blood supply intensity, enabling the generation of adaptive strategies for different blood supply characteristics.
[0041] (5) Ablation Execution Module The ablation execution module is used to perform energy ablation operations according to the ablation strategy.
[0042] Specifically, the module includes an ablation device and a control unit, which controls the energy output after receiving the ablation strategy to achieve gradual ablation of the blood supply artery and target tissue.
[0043] In one embodiment, the ablation execution module is a microwave ablation device, the output power and action time of which can be adjusted in real time by the control module.
[0044] (6) Feedback and evaluation module The feedback evaluation module is used to evaluate the ablation effect based on ultrasound contrast images during or after ablation.
[0045] Specifically, the module detects whether there is contrast agent reperfusion in the target area by comparing contrast images before and after ablation, and determines whether there is a residual active area.
[0046] This module can also output the location and range information of the residual area, providing data support for subsequent closed-loop control.
[0047] (7) Closed-loop control module The closed-loop control module is used to achieve dynamic adjustment of the ablation process.
[0048] Specifically, based on the residual information output by the feedback evaluation module, this module modifies the current ablation strategy and generates supplementary ablation instructions, including: Adjusting the ablation path Reset the ablation zone Update ablation parameters This forms a closed-loop control process of "data acquisition - parameter analysis - strategy generation - execution - feedback - readjustment".
[0049] (8) Energy optimization module The energy optimization module is used to optimize and adjust the ablation parameters.
[0050] Specifically, the module calculates the energy requirement per unit volume based on the target tissue volume, perfusion characteristics, and ablation process parameters, and dynamically adjusts the ablation power and ablation time according to changes in blood supply status.
[0051] After ablation of the feeding artery, this module can reduce the energy input for subsequent ablation, thereby reducing energy consumption and the risk of thermal damage to surrounding tissues.
[0052] (9) Module collaboration relationship The modules mentioned above form a collaborative relationship through data flow: The ultrasound data acquisition module outputs image data to the contrast parameter analysis module; The angiography parameter analysis module outputs perfusion characteristics to the blood supply identification module; The blood supply identification module outputs blood supply information to the ablation strategy generation module; The ablation strategy generation module outputs control commands to the ablation execution module; After the ablation execution module executes the ablation procedure, it feeds back the results to the feedback evaluation module. The feedback evaluation module transmits the evaluation results to the closed-loop control module; The closed-loop control module, in conjunction with the energy optimization module, adjusts the ablation parameters and regenerates the strategy.
[0053] II. Target Groups and Scope of Implementation This example uses a large-volume solid benign thyroid nodule as an example.
[0054] Specifically, the target tissue is a thyroid nodule detected by imaging examination, and it meets the characteristics of a high proportion of solid components and a large volume. Preferably, the nodule is a solitary nodule with a diameter of not less than 4 cm to ensure that it has typical large volume characteristics.
[0055] (1) Source and basic information of the research subjects In one implementation, patients who received microwave ablation therapy within a certain time frame were selected as research subjects. All patients completed relevant examinations and signed informed consent documents before treatment.
[0056] In this embodiment, a total of 122 patients were included, including 42 males and 80 females. The patients' ages ranged from 17 to 73 years, with a mean age of 48.0 ± 11.8 years. The maximum diameter of the nodules ranged from 4.0 cm to 7.6 cm, with a mean maximum diameter of 5.1 ± 0.8 cm and a mean volume of 58.26 ± 31.51 mL.
[0057] (2) Grouping method Based on different assessment and ablation strategies, patients were divided into two groups: Regular group Joint Group The grouping can be done retrospectively or based on existing treatment protocols.
[0058] (3) Conventional Group Implementation Method The conventional group was treated with conventional ultrasound assessment and microwave ablation.
[0059] Specifically, it includes: Before and after microwave ablation, conventional ultrasound was used to assess the target tissue and obtain information on the size, shape and blood flow of the nodules. During the ablation process, microwave ablation is performed on the target tissue according to the conventional approach, without prioritizing the treatment of the feeding arteries.
[0060] (4) Implementation method of joint group The combined group used contrast-enhanced ultrasound assessment combined with a strategy of prioritizing ablation of the feeding artery.
[0061] Specifically, it includes: Before microwave ablation, ultrasound contrast imaging is used to obtain microcirculation perfusion information of the target tissue, and the feeding artery or feeding area is identified based on the perfusion characteristics. During the ablation process, priority is given to ablation of the feeding artery or the feeding area to reduce blood supply; After the blood supply process is completed, the target tissue is then subjected to main ablation. After ablation is completed, the ablation area is evaluated using contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and a decision is made based on the evaluation results as to whether supplementary ablation is necessary.
[0062] (5) Inclusion criteria In one implementation, patients are included if they meet the following criteria: The target tissue is a single thyroid nodule with a maximum diameter of not less than 4 cm; The target tissue is predominantly composed of solid components, with the proportion of cystic components being less than a preset threshold. Histological examination confirmed it to be a benign nodule; It has complete follow-up data.
[0063] (6) Exclusion criteria In one implementation, patients are excluded if they meet the following criteria: Incomplete clinical data; Previous history of thyroid surgery; There is thyroid dysfunction or other factors that may affect the assessment.
[0064] (7) Explanation of group comparability To ensure the reliability of the experimental results, the conventional group and the combined group were compared in the following aspects: Gender distribution Age distribution Nodule location Maximum diameter and volume of nodules The relevant clinical features are shown in Table 1.
[0065] Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients in the conventional group and the combined group
[0066] By setting up the groups as described above, the conventional group serves as the control group, and the combined group serves as the experimental group using the technical solution of this invention, thereby enabling an objective evaluation of the technical effects of this invention in terms of ablation efficiency, energy consumption, and recurrence rate.
[0067] III. Equipment and Parameter Description The equipment used in this embodiment includes: Ultrasound diagnostic equipment (supports conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound). Microwave ablation equipment and ablation electrode needles.
[0068] Each device can be set up independently or integrated into the same operating platform, and connected to the control system through a data interface to achieve coordinated operation of data acquisition, processing and ablation control.
[0069] (1) Ultrasound diagnostic equipment The ultrasound diagnostic equipment is used to acquire conventional ultrasound images and contrast-enhanced ultrasound images of the target tissue.
[0070] Specifically, the device includes an ultrasound host and matching probes, wherein the probes can be linear array probes or convex array probes to adapt to different detection depths and imaging requirements; the device supports conventional B-mode ultrasound, color Doppler mode and ultrasound contrast imaging mode.
[0071] In ultrasound contrast imaging mode, by injecting contrast agent into the subject's body, the device performs continuous dynamic scanning of the target area to acquire data on the perfusion process of the contrast agent in the target tissue, thereby forming time-series image data for subsequent perfusion parameter analysis.
[0072] Furthermore, the ultrasound diagnostic device can be connected to the contrast parameter analysis module to transmit the acquired image data to the processing unit in real time for extracting parameters such as perfusion time, perfusion intensity, and perfusion sequence.
[0073] (2) Microwave ablation equipment and ablation electrode needle The microwave ablation device is used to perform energy ablation operations.
[0074] Specifically, the device includes a microwave generator, a power control unit, and an ablation electrode needle, wherein the ablation electrode needle is used to insert into the target tissue to transfer microwave energy to the action area, thereby achieving thermal coagulation and necrosis of the tissue.
[0075] In one embodiment, the ablation electrode needle has a preset length and an effective emission section to adapt to the ablation requirements of target tissues of different volumes; the microwave generator can output stable microwave energy and supports power adjustment function.
[0076] The microwave ablation device is connected to the ablation execution module and is used to receive control commands output by the ablation strategy generation module and the closed-loop control module, and adjust the output power and action time according to the commands.
[0077] (3) Parameter acquisition and control methods Ablation parameters include: power parameters, time parameters, and spatial path parameters.
[0078] in: Power parameters are used to control the energy output intensity per unit time; The time parameter is used to control the duration of the energy application; Spatial path parameters are used to describe the movement path of the ablation electrode needle within the target tissue and the distribution of the area of action.
[0079] The above parameters can be initially set by the ablation strategy generation module based on the preoperative assessment results, and dynamically adjusted by the closed-loop control module and the energy optimization module during the ablation process.
[0080] (4) Parameter setting and optimization mechanism In one implementation, the initial ablation parameters are determined based on the volume, location, and blood supply characteristics of the target tissue; During the ablation process, the following parameters are adjusted based on the feedback evaluation results: When residual active areas are detected, increase the local ablation time or power; After ablation of the feeding artery, reduce the energy input during the main ablation phase; The ablation path is adjusted according to the spatial distribution to achieve uniform coverage.
[0081] Furthermore, the energy optimization module can coordinate the adjustment of power and time based on the energy calculation results per unit volume, so as to reduce energy consumption while ensuring the ablation effect.
[0082] (5) System collaboration relationship In this embodiment: Ultrasonic diagnostic equipment corresponds to ultrasonic data acquisition modules; The microwave ablation device corresponds to the ablation execution module; The device and various modules of the system interact through data and control signals to achieve a complete closed-loop control process from image acquisition, parameter analysis, strategy generation to ablation execution and feedback adjustment.
[0083] IV. Preoperative assessment process (corresponding to) Figures 2-5 ) In one possible implementation, the preoperative assessment process is used to obtain structural information and blood perfusion characteristics of the target tissue, providing basic data support for subsequent blood supply identification and ablation strategy generation. This process mainly includes steps such as routine ultrasound assessment, blood flow assessment, ultrasound contrast imaging assessment, and identification of the feeding artery.
[0084] 1. Routine ultrasound assessment ( Figure 2 ) The location, size, and relationship with surrounding structures of the target tissue are obtained through conventional ultrasound.
[0085] Specifically, the target area is scanned using an ultrasound probe to obtain two-dimensional image information of the target tissue and determine its spatial location, boundary contour and morphological characteristics within the body; at the same time, the relative positional relationship between the target tissue and surrounding key structures is recorded to provide a reference for subsequent ablation path planning.
[0086] In one implementation, three mutually perpendicular radial lines of the target tissue can also be obtained through multi-section scanning to provide basic data for volume calculation.
[0087] 2. Blood flow assessment ( Figure 3 ) Color Doppler blood flow imaging was used to obtain the blood flow distribution inside and around the nodule.
[0088] Specifically, in color Doppler mode, the target tissue is scanned to obtain the distribution of blood flow signals in its internal and surrounding areas, including information such as blood flow direction, blood flow density, and blood flow intensity.
[0089] In one implementation, by performing qualitative or semi-quantitative analysis of blood flow signals, the richness of blood supply to the target tissue can be preliminarily determined, providing auxiliary basis for subsequent identification of blood supply arteries.
[0090] 3. Ultrasound contrast-enhanced imaging assessment ( Figure 4 ) Information on microcirculation perfusion of the target tissue can be obtained by injecting contrast agents, including perfusion time, perfusion intensity, and perfusion sequence.
[0091] Specifically, after the contrast agent is injected into the body via intravenous infusion, the target area is continuously and dynamically acquired in ultrasound contrast imaging mode to form time-series image data; based on the time-series images, the signal intensity changes in each region within the target tissue are analyzed to construct a time-intensity curve.
[0092] Furthermore, the following parameters are extracted from the time-intensity curve: Infusion time parameters: including contrast agent arrival time and peak time; Injection strength parameters: including peak reinforcement strength and average reinforcement strength; Perfusion sequence parameter: reflects the order in which contrast agent arrives at different regions.
[0093] Using the above parameters, a perfusion characteristic model of the target tissue can be formed to describe its microcirculatory blood flow distribution.
[0094] 4. Identification of feeding arteries ( Figure 5 ) Based on angiographic images, the feeding artery or feeding area is identified using the following methods: The area where the contrast agent first reaches Areas with high grouting intensity Specifically, the blood supply identification module compares the perfusion time of each region, calculates the contrast agent arrival time difference ΔT between different regions, and identifies the region where the earliest enhancement occurs as the blood supply artery or blood supply area; at the same time, it combines the perfusion intensity parameter to screen regions where the enhancement intensity exceeds the preset threshold in order to improve the identification accuracy.
[0095] In one implementation, spatial proximity can be combined to cluster the identified high-perfusion regions, thereby determining continuous blood supply pathway regions.
[0096] When the feeding artery is difficult to identify directly, the earliest perfusion area is used as the feeding area for subsequent priority ablation treatment.
[0097] 5. Volume Calculation The target tissue volume is calculated using the following formula: V = πabc / 6 Where: a, b, and c are three radial lines perpendicular to each other.
[0098] Specifically, the dimensions of the target tissue in three orthogonal directions are measured using conventional ultrasound, and the volume is calculated by substituting the measurements into the formula described above; the volume data is used for subsequent ablation energy calculation and strategy optimization.
[0099] In one implementation, the volume can be corrected by incorporating ultrasound contrast imaging results to improve the accuracy of volume estimation.
[0100] Output of preoperative assessment data The data obtained from the above preoperative assessment process includes: Target organization spatial location and volume information Blood flow distribution information Infusion characteristic parameters Location results of feeding arteries or feeding areas It will be passed as input to the ablation strategy generation module and the energy optimization module to generate personalized ablation solutions.
[0101] V. Ablation Procedure (corresponding to) Figures 6-7 ) In one possible implementation, the ablation procedure is carried out based on the preoperative assessment results and blood supply identification results, and a phased control strategy is adopted. By prioritizing the treatment of the blood supply artery and combining it with the main ablation, efficient ablation of the target tissue is achieved.
[0102] 1. Ablation Strategy Formulation An ablation strategy is generated based on the preoperative assessment results, including: Prioritize ablation of the feeding arteries Reablation of target tissue Specifically, the ablation strategy generation module constructs a phased ablation control strategy based on the perfusion characteristic model, spatial distribution information, and volume data of the target tissue.
[0103] In one implementation, the ablation strategy includes the following: Ablation sequence: The priority of the feeding arteries is determined based on the blood supply intensity and perfusion time; Ablation path: Generates layer-by-layer or partition-by-partition paths based on the spatial structure of the target tissue; Ablation parameters include initial power, action time, and action range.
[0104] Furthermore, when the blood supply intensity is higher than a preset threshold, the system prioritizes generating a first-stage ablation strategy for the blood supply artery; after the blood supply decreases to a preset range, it automatically switches to the main ablation stage.
[0105] 2. Ablation of the feeding artery ( Figure 6 ) Under ultrasound guidance, the ablation electrode needle is placed into the blood supply artery or blood supply area for priority ablation to reduce blood supply.
[0106] Specifically, under the guidance of real-time ultrasound images, the ablation electrode needle is inserted into the blood supply artery or blood supply area along a preset path, and microwave energy output is activated to perform local ablation on the area.
[0107] In one implementation, by continuously monitoring changes in the angiography signal in the area, when a significant decrease or disappearance of perfusion intensity in the area is detected, it is determined that the blood supply blockage has been completed.
[0108] By prioritizing the ablation of the blood supply artery, the blood supply to the target tissue can be effectively reduced, heat loss during the ablation process can be minimized, thereby reducing the heat sink effect and providing favorable conditions for subsequent main ablation.
[0109] 3. Main ablation ( Figure 7 ) After ablation of the feeding artery, the target tissue is then subjected to overall ablation: Proceed step by step according to the preset path A top-down or bottom-up approach can be used. Specifically, after the blood supply process is completed, the ablation electrode needle is moved step by step along a preset path to ablate the target tissue in sections or layer by layer, so that the ablation area covers the entire target tissue.
[0110] In one implementation, the path can be optimized according to the spatial morphology of the target tissue, for example, by using a parallel layered path or a gridded path to improve ablation uniformity.
[0111] Furthermore, for large target tissues, they can be divided into multiple sub-regions and ablated locally in sequence to avoid uneven ablation caused by local energy concentration.
[0112] For areas adjacent to critical structures, water-based isolation technology can be used for protection. This involves injecting liquid between the target tissue and the critical structure to form an isolation layer, thereby reducing heat transfer to surrounding tissues.
[0113] 4. Intraoperative monitoring During the ablation process: Real-time monitoring of bleeding Monitoring patients' speech patterns to assess the risk of nerve damage Specifically, during the ablation process, ultrasound is used to observe changes in echogenicity and blood flow in the target area in real time to determine if there is any bleeding or abnormality; at the same time, the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is assessed in real time by observing changes in the patient's voice.
[0114] In one implementation, when an anomaly is detected, the closed-loop control module can trigger a safety control strategy, including: Suspend ablation operation Adjusting ablation power Change the ablation path To improve operational safety.
[0115] Through the above-described phased ablation procedure: Prioritizing the ablation of the feeding artery can significantly reduce blood supply and weaken the heat sink effect; Energy utilization efficiency is improved during the main ablation phase, resulting in more uniform ablation. The overall ablation time is shortened, and energy consumption is reduced; Improved ablation integrity reduces residual risk.
[0116] VI. Postoperative assessment and closed-loop control (corresponding) Figure 8 ) In one possible implementation, the postoperative assessment and closed-loop control process is used to accurately determine the ablation effect and dynamically adjust the ablation strategy based on the assessment results to achieve thorough treatment of residual active tissue, thereby forming an adaptive closed-loop ablation control process.
[0117] 1. Immediate Assessment After ablation, contrast-enhanced ultrasound is used to detect whether contrast agent is injected into the target area.
[0118] Specifically, after the initial ablation procedure is completed, contrast agent is injected again and ultrasound contrast imaging is performed to obtain the real-time perfusion status of the ablation area; by comparing the contrast images before and after ablation, it is observed whether there is an enhanced signal in the target area.
[0119] In one implementation, the signal intensity of each pixel within the ablation area is analyzed to construct a time-intensity curve after ablation, which is used to determine the perfusion recovery status of the local area.
[0120] 2. Residue Determination If contrast agent infusion is detected, it is determined that residual active tissue exists.
[0121] Specifically, when contrast agent enters, enhances, or diffuses within the target area, it indicates that blood supply still exists in that area, thus classifying it as an incompletely ablated active area.
[0122] In one implementation, residue identification can be based on the following determination rules: Infusion intensity exceeds preset threshold; The infusion time was significantly earlier than that of the surrounding necrotic area; Localized enhanced aggregation phenomena occurred.
[0123] Furthermore, the residual regions can be extracted using region segmentation algorithms to obtain their spatial location, volume, and morphological information.
[0124] 3. Supplemental ablation Based on the location and extent of the residual area, a supplementary ablation strategy is generated and implemented.
[0125] Specifically, based on the residual area information output by the feedback evaluation module, the closed-loop control module regenerates the ablation path and ablation parameters for the residual area, including: Adjust the electrode needle insertion position; Optimize the coverage of ablation pathways; Increase or adjust the local ablation power and duration.
[0126] In one implementation, supplementary ablation is first applied to the center of the residual area and then gradually expanded to the surrounding area to achieve complete coverage.
[0127] 4. Closed-loop control Repeat the following steps: Detection → Judgment → Adjustment → Ablation Continue until there is no injection signal in the target area.
[0128] Specifically, the process includes: Data acquisition phase: Obtain current ablation status data through ultrasound contrast imaging; Judgment phase: Determine whether there is any residue based on the infusion parameters; Adjustment phase: Generate new ablation strategies based on the residual situation; Execution phase: Perform supplementary ablation procedures.
[0129] The above process can be repeated multiple times until no contrast agent perfusion signal is detected in the target area, at which point it is determined that the ablation is complete.
[0130] In one implementation, the closed-loop control module can also record the ablation parameters and evaluation results of each iteration to optimize subsequent ablation strategies and improve the system's adaptability.
[0131] Through the above closed-loop control mechanism: It can identify and eliminate residual active tissue in real time; To avoid the problem of "false complete ablation" in traditional methods; Improve ablation accuracy and integrity; Significantly reduces the risk of recurrence; Improve the controllability and stability of the overall treatment process.
[0132] VII. Energy Optimization Mechanism The ablation energy per unit volume is calculated using the following formula: E = PT / V in: P represents ablation power, T represents ablation time, and V represents the target tissue volume.
[0133] (1) Calculation of energy per unit volume In one possible implementation, the energy optimization module calculates the ablation energy E per unit volume based on the target tissue volume and ablation process parameters, which is used to quantify the energy input level during the ablation process.
[0134] Specifically, after each ablation stage is completed, the current ablation power P and the corresponding action time T are obtained, and the energy consumption per unit volume of the current stage is calculated by combining the target tissue volume V updated before the operation or in real time.
[0135] Furthermore, by conducting statistical analysis on the unit volume energy at different stages or in different regions, the ablation efficiency and energy utilization can be assessed.
[0136] (2) Energy regulation based on blood supply status The power and time are dynamically adjusted based on the blood supply status and ablation progress to reduce energy consumption and improve efficiency.
[0137] Specifically, before ablation of the feeding artery, because the target tissue has a rich blood flow, heat is easily carried away by the blood flow, so a relatively high initial energy input parameter needs to be set; After ablation of the supplying artery or area, the heat sink effect is significantly weakened as blood supply decreases. At this point, the energy optimization module automatically reduces the power or time of subsequent ablation stages based on changes in blood supply status, thereby reducing unnecessary energy input.
[0138] (3) Adaptive adjustment based on ablation progress In one implementation, the energy optimization module combines the feedback information output by the closed-loop control module to adjust the ablation parameters in real time.
[0139] Specifically, it includes: When residual active areas are detected, increase the local ablation power or prolong the action time; When the target area is detected to have reached a state of sufficient ablation, reduce the energy output or terminate the ablation. Differentiated energy allocation is implemented based on the varying ablation difficulty in different regions.
[0140] Through the above methods, adaptive energy control can be achieved for different regions and different stages.
[0141] (4) Zoned energy optimization strategy In one implementation, the target organization is divided into multiple sub-regions, and the energy requirement per unit volume is calculated for each sub-region, thereby achieving partitioned energy optimization.
[0142] Specifically, for areas with abundant blood supply, a relatively high energy input is allocated; for areas with less blood supply or where the blood supply artery has been ablated, the energy input is reduced to achieve a balanced overall energy distribution.
[0143] (5) Closed-loop synergy of energy optimization The energy optimization module and the closed-loop control module work together: The closed-loop control module provides information on the residual area and ablation status; The energy optimization module updates the power and time parameters based on the above information; The updated parameters are fed back to the ablation execution module to implement the new ablation operation.
[0144] This forms a dynamic optimization process of "energy calculation - state feedback - parameter adjustment - re-execution".
[0145] Through the above energy optimization mechanism: Reduce energy consumption per unit volume; Improve energy utilization efficiency; Shorten the overall ablation time; Reduce thermal damage to surrounding healthy tissues; Improve the stability and controllability of the ablation process.
[0146] VIII. Follow-up and Effectiveness Evaluation In one possible implementation, to evaluate the application effect of the ablation closed-loop control system described in this invention, patients are followed up regularly after ablation is completed, and relevant indicators are statistically analyzed.
[0147] (1) Follow-up time setting Postoperative follow-up is necessary, and the time points include: 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months.
[0148] At each follow-up time point, the target area was examined by ultrasound or contrast-enhanced ultrasound to obtain information on nodule changes and blood flow status.
[0149] (2) Evaluation indicators Evaluation indicators include: Nodule volume change Regeneration status Volume Reduction Ratio (VRR) The various indicators are used to evaluate the ablation effect and long-term stability from different perspectives.
[0150] (3) Nodule volume changes During the follow-up period, the size changes of the target area were measured by ultrasound, and the corresponding volume was calculated.
[0151] Specifically, at each follow-up time point, three orthogonal radii of the nodule were measured, and the current volume was calculated using a volume calculation formula to reflect the degree of nodule shrinkage and ablation effect.
[0152] (4) Judgment of regeneration status In one implementation, the determination of whether nodule regeneration has occurred is made by: During the follow-up period, the volume of the ablation area increased compared to the previous follow-up. Abnormal echo signals were detected within the ablation area; New blood flow or perfusion signals were detected by color Doppler or contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
[0153] When any of the above conditions are met, it can be determined that there is regeneration or restoration of residual tissue activity.
[0154] (5) Volume Reduction Ratio (VRR) Volume Reduction Rate (VRR) is used to quantitatively evaluate changes in nodule volume. Its calculation formula is as follows: VRR = (Initial volume - Final volume) × 100% / Initial volume in: The initial volume is the target tissue volume measured before ablation; The final volume is the target tissue volume measured at the follow-up.
[0155] By calculating the VRR at different time points, the trend of ablation effect over time can be reflected.
[0156] (6) Comparative analysis of effects In one implementation, the evaluation indicators of the control group and the combined group at each follow-up time point are compared and analyzed, including: VRR change trends at different time points; Regeneration rate; The degree of reduction in nodule volume.
[0157] The relevant results are shown in Table 2.
[0158] Table 2. Indicators of the conventional and combined groups during microwave ablation (MWA)
[0159] The results of the above follow-up and evaluation indicate that: The combined group using the technical solution of the present invention showed a higher volume reduction rate at each time point than the conventional group; The nodule regeneration rate in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group; It exhibits superior performance in both ablation efficiency and long-term stability.
[0160] To further explain, this invention improves the integrity and precision of ablation by prioritizing the ablation of the feeding artery and using a closed-loop control mechanism based on ultrasound contrast imaging, thereby effectively reducing the risk of recurrence and improving the overall treatment effect.
[0161] IX. Statistical Analysis Methods In one possible implementation, to verify the effectiveness of the technical solution of the present invention, the experimental data are analyzed and processed using statistical methods.
[0162] (1) Data representation method Statistical methods were used to analyze the data, including: Mean and standard deviation are expressed t-test Chi-square test Specifically, for continuous data (such as age, maximum nodule diameter, volume, ablation energy per unit volume, and volume reduction rate), the data is represented in the form of "mean ± standard deviation" to reflect the central tendency and dispersion of the data.
[0163] (2) Continuous variable analysis method For continuous variables, an independent samples t-test was used to compare the differences between the routine group and the combined group.
[0164] Specifically, including but not limited to the following indicators: Maximum diameter of nodule Nodule volume ablation energy per unit volume Volume Reduction Ratio (VRR) In one implementation, when comparing different detection methods (e.g., measurement results from different imaging modalities) within the same group, a paired t-test can be used for analysis.
[0165] (3) Categorical variable analysis method For categorical variables, the chi-square test is used to compare differences between different groups.
[0166] Specifically, it includes: Gender distribution Nodule location distribution Incidence of complications Regeneration rate The above methods are used to determine the differences in safety and efficacy among different treatment methods.
[0167] (4) Criteria for determining significance In one implementation, a significance level of P<0.05 is set, and when the statistical results meet this condition, the difference between groups is considered to be statistically significant.
[0168] (5) Statistical analysis tools In one implementation, statistical analysis software is used to process the data to improve analysis efficiency and accuracy.
[0169] The statistical software is used to perform functions such as data entry, statistical calculation, and result output.
[0170] (6) Result presentation method The statistical analysis results are presented in tabular form to provide a clear comparison of the differences between different groups. See Table 2 for specific results.
[0171] By comparing the differences in various indicators between the conventional group and the combined group using the above statistical analysis methods, the technical effects of the present invention in improving ablation efficiency, reducing recurrence rate, and reducing complications can be objectively verified, thereby providing data support for the technical advantages of the present invention.
[0172] 10. Implementation Results Description Through the above implementation method: Improve ablation integrity Reduce heat sink effect Reduce intraoperative bleeding Reduce recurrence rate Improve energy utilization efficiency (1) Improve ablation integrity By identifying the feeding artery or feeding area based on ultrasound contrast imaging before ablation and prioritizing ablation treatment, the main blood supply source of the target tissue can be effectively blocked. At the same time, combined with postoperative ultrasound contrast imaging assessment and closed-loop control mechanism, supplementary ablation of residual active areas can be performed, thereby significantly improving the coverage integrity of the ablation range and reducing the existence of incompletely ablated areas.
[0173] (2) Reduce heat sink effect Because the blood supply to the target tissue is weakened or blocked by ablation of the feeding artery before ablation, the heat removal effect of blood flow during ablation is significantly reduced, thereby reducing the heat sink effect; making it easier for local temperature to accumulate and improving the efficiency of coagulative necrosis of tissue.
[0174] (3) Reduce intraoperative bleeding By prioritizing the ablation of the feeding artery or area, the blood flow inside the target tissue is significantly reduced, thereby lowering the probability of bleeding caused by vascular injury during puncture and ablation. At the same time, the combination of ultrasound contrast imaging's sensitive visualization of vascular structures helps to avoid accidental damage to important blood vessels, further improving the safety of the procedure.
[0175] (4) Reduce recurrence rate Through the synergistic mechanism of "prioritized blood supply ablation + precise ultrasound imaging assessment + closed-loop supplementary ablation", residual active tissue can be effectively reduced; at the same time, because the blood supply artery is blocked, even if there is a small residual area, the blood supply required for its regeneration is limited, thereby significantly reducing the probability of nodule regeneration or recurrence.
[0176] (5) Improve energy utilization efficiency After ablation of the feeding artery, the heat sink effect of the target tissue is reduced, which enhances the thermal effect generated per unit of energy. Combined with the dynamic adjustment of power and time parameters by the energy optimization module, unnecessary energy input can be reduced, thereby reducing the ablation energy per unit volume, improving the overall energy utilization efficiency, and shortening the ablation time.
[0177] In summary, through the synergistic effect of "perfusion parameter analysis, precise blood supply identification, staged ablation, closed-loop feedback control, and energy adaptive optimization", this invention can achieve precise, efficient, and safe ablation of target tissues, reduce the risk of complications while ensuring ablation effect, and significantly improve the stability of long-term treatment results.
[0178] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent substitutions or modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and all such substitutions or modifications should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0179] It should be noted that the various embodiments described in this specification can be combined with each other to form new embodiments without conflict, all of which fall within the protection scope of this invention.
[0180] Furthermore, the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. For those skilled in the art, various modifications, substitutions, or equivalent transformations made to the above embodiments without departing from the technical concept of this invention should be covered within the scope of protection of this invention.
Claims
1. A thyroid nodule ablation control system based on ultrasound contrast imaging parameters, characterized in that, include: The ultrasound data acquisition module is used to acquire conventional ultrasound images and contrast-enhanced ultrasound images of the target tissue; The contrast imaging parameter analysis module is used to extract perfusion time parameters, perfusion intensity parameters, and perfusion sequence parameters from the ultrasound contrast imaging images, and to construct a perfusion feature model of the target tissue based on the parameters; The blood supply identification module is used to identify the blood supply artery or blood supply area of the target tissue based on the perfusion feature model and through preset judgment rules, wherein the judgment rules include at least: the judgment rule for the area where the contrast agent first arrives and the judgment rule for the perfusion intensity threshold. An ablation strategy generation module is used to generate a phased ablation control strategy based on the supply artery or supply area and the spatial distribution information of the target tissue. The phased ablation control strategy includes: The first phase focuses on a priority ablation strategy for the feeding artery or feeding area. The second phase involves the main ablation strategy of the target organization; The ablation execution module is used to perform energy ablation operations according to the phased ablation control strategy. The feedback evaluation module is used to detect the perfusion residue in the target area based on ultrasound contrast imaging during or after ablation, and to identify residual active areas. The closed-loop control module is used to dynamically adjust the ablation strategy and generate supplementary ablation instructions based on the spatial location and perfusion parameters of the residual active area, so as to form an iterative closed-loop ablation control process. The energy optimization module is used to calculate the energy requirement per unit volume based on the target tissue volume, perfusion characteristics, and ablation process parameters, and to adaptively adjust the ablation power and ablation time.
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perfusion time parameters include one or more of the following: contrast agent arrival time, peak time, and decay time.
3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blood supply identification module determines the earliest perfusion area as the blood supply artery or blood supply area by comparing the contrast agent arrival time difference ΔT in different areas.
4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blood supply identification module filters blood supply arteries or blood supply areas based on the comparison results of perfusion intensity parameters and preset intensity thresholds.
5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ablation strategy generation module is used to determine the ablation priority based on the blood supply intensity parameter. When the blood supply intensity is higher than a preset threshold, the blood supply artery ablation is performed first.
6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ablation strategy generation module is also used to divide the target tissue into multiple ablation sub-regions based on its spatial distribution, and to perform partition ablation sequentially according to a preset path.
7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feedback evaluation module detects the reperfusion of contrast agent within the target area and identifies areas where contrast agent perfusion occurs as residual active areas.
8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The closed-loop control module is used to generate a supplementary ablation path and parameters based on the location, volume and perfusion intensity of the residual active region after detecting it.
9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy optimization module is used to calculate the ablation energy per unit volume based on the formula E=PT / V, where P is the ablation power, T is the ablation time, and V is the target tissue volume, and to optimize the ablation parameters based on the ablation energy per unit volume.
10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy optimization module is also used to adjust the ablation energy according to the blood supply status, reducing the energy input to the target tissue after ablation of the blood supply artery.