Composite soundproof and shock-absorbing board material, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a composite sound insulation and vibration damping board, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of building and industrial noise control materials. The board comprises, from top to bottom, an upper sound insulation layer, a middle matrix layer, and a lower vibration damping layer, which are bonded together using a water-based adhesive; the upper sound insulation layer has a density of 30-60 kg / m³. 3 The polyurethane foam board has an intermediate matrix layer composed of cement-based cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabric, plastic film, or aluminized film, and a lower shock-absorbing layer with a density of 15-25 kg / m³. 3 EPP foam board. This board combines the sound insulation and heat preservation properties of polyurethane, the sound insulation enhancement of the middle matrix layer, and the shock absorption and cushioning properties of EPP through a three-layer composite material. It has good sound insulation, shock absorption and heat preservation performance, and is suitable for building and industrial applications with requirements for comprehensive performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building and industrial noise control materials, specifically to a composite sound insulation and vibration damping board, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, the problems of impact noise from building floors, noise from operating machinery and equipment, and noise pollution inside factories are becoming increasingly prominent. At the same time, the requirements for building energy conservation and thermal insulation of industrial equipment are also gradually increasing. Currently used sound insulation materials, such as single-material polyurethane boards, rubber pads, rock wool, or EPP (expanded polypropylene) boards, often struggle to simultaneously achieve good sound insulation, vibration damping, and thermal insulation performance. For example, polyurethane boards offer good sound insulation and thermal insulation, but insufficient vibration damping; rubber pads provide good vibration damping, but poor sound insulation and thermal insulation; EPP boards are lightweight and have good vibration damping, but only average sound insulation. Therefore, developing a material that can comprehensively address the needs for sound insulation, vibration damping, and thermal insulation is of practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a composite sound insulation and vibration damping board to overcome the shortcomings of the existing single material's functional limitations, so that a single board can simultaneously possess good sound insulation, vibration damping and heat insulation properties.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A composite sound insulation and vibration damping board includes an upper sound insulation layer, an intermediate substrate layer, and a lower vibration damping layer stacked sequentially from top to bottom. The upper sound insulation layer is a polyurethane foam board. The intermediate substrate layer is made of cement-based cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabric, plastic film, or aluminized film. The lower vibration damping layer is an EPP foam board. The upper sound insulation layer, intermediate substrate layer, and lower vibration damping layer are bonded together using adhesive.

[0005] Furthermore, to optimize performance, the thickness of the lower damping layer accounts for 1 / 3 to 1 / 4 of the total thickness of the board, and the thickness of the upper sound insulation layer accounts for 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 of the total thickness of the board.

[0006] Furthermore, the density of the polyurethane foam board is 30-60 kg / m³. 3 The density of the EPP foam board is 15-25 kg / m³. 3 .

[0007] Furthermore, the adhesive is a water-based adhesive, such as a water-based polyurethane adhesive or a water-based acrylic adhesive, to ensure a strong bond and environmental friendliness, without affecting the sound insulation, shock absorption, and thermal insulation performance of the board.

[0008] Furthermore, the intermediate substrate layer is a cement-based cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabric, plastic film, or aluminized film.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the composite sound insulation and vibration damping board, comprising the following steps: S1: preparing polyurethane foam board, intermediate matrix layer (one or more of cement-based cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabric, plastic film, and aluminized film) and EPP foam board of predetermined sizes respectively; S2: applying adhesive to the lower surface of the polyurethane foam board, the upper and lower surfaces of the intermediate matrix layer, and the upper surface of the EPP foam board; S3: stacking the polyurethane foam board, intermediate matrix layer, and EPP foam board coated with adhesive in sequence, applying pressure and curing to obtain the composite sound insulation and vibration damping board; the curing conditions can be room temperature and 0.1-0.3MPa pressure for 24-48 hours to ensure strong interlayer bonding.

[0010] This invention also provides the application of the composite sound insulation and vibration damping board in building components, soundproof enclosures for machinery and equipment, soundproof walls or floors of factories, and its use in the decoration and renovation industry.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Functional composite: Through the three-layer composite of polyurethane foam board (sound insulation, heat insulation), intermediate matrix layer (cement-based cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven cloth, plastic film, aluminized film, to enhance sound insulation and provide rigidity) and EPP foam board (shock absorption, cushioning), the board integrates sound insulation, shock absorption and heat insulation functions.

[0012] 2. Synergistic Effect: The three-layer structure forms an effective acoustic and mechanical coupling system. The intermediate matrix layer and polyurethane layer provide good sound insulation quality, while the EPP layer, as an elastic layer, can effectively dissipate impact energy, thus exhibiting a good comprehensive suppression effect on both airborne sound and impact sound.

[0013] 3. Excellent overall performance: As shown in the experimental data below, the composite board of the present invention has better noise reduction performance than a single material of the same thickness, while maintaining good thermal insulation performance.

[0014] 4. Wide range of applications: It can be used in various scenarios such as building floors, industrial walls, and equipment soundproof enclosures where comprehensive acoustic and thermal insulation performance is required. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the layered structure of the composite sound insulation and vibration damping board of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1- Upper sound insulation layer (polyurethane foam board), 2- Middle matrix layer (one or more of cement-based cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven cloth, plastic film, and aluminized film), 3- Lower shock absorption layer (EPP foam board). Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but these are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0018] Example 1: Preparation of composite board A composite board with a total thickness of 30mm was prepared. The upper sound insulation layer: uses a material with a density of approximately 40kg / m³. 3 The polyurethane foam board is approximately 20mm thick. The intermediate matrix layer is made of cement-based fabric, approximately 2.5mm thick. The lower damping layer uses a material with a density of approximately 20kg / m³. 3 The EPP foam board has a thickness of approximately 7.5 mm. Bonding: Water-based polyurethane adhesive is evenly applied to the contact surfaces of each layer, and the layers are stacked sequentially. The mixture is then placed under a pressure of 0.2 MPa and cured at room temperature for 36 hours to obtain the composite board of this invention (denoted as Sample A).

[0019] Comparative Example To verify the effectiveness of this invention, the following common single materials were selected for comparison: Comparative Example B1: 30mm thick polyurethane foam board; Comparative Example B2: 20mm thick rubber sound insulation pad; Comparative Example B3: 30mm thick EPP foam board.

[0020] Performance Testing and Comparison Under identical laboratory conditions (background noise approximately 78 dB), and referring to GB / T 50121-2020 "Standard for Evaluation of Building Sound Insulation" (test frequency range 100Hz~4000Hz), the sound insulation performance (characterized by "noise reduction value") and thermal insulation performance of sample A and each comparative example were tested and compared. The results are shown in the table below:

[0021] Results analysis: Sound insulation performance: The composite board of this invention (sample A) achieved a noise reduction of 31 dB, significantly higher than that of single-material polyurethane board, rubber pad (21 dB), and EPP board (15 dB). This indicates that the three-layer composite structure produces a synergistic enhancement effect in sound insulation.

[0022] Overall performance: Sample A achieves superior sound insulation while maintaining the same thermal insulation performance (0.035 W / (m·K)) as polyurethane and EPP boards. Furthermore, due to the inclusion of an EPP elastic layer in its structure, it is expected to possess better shock absorption and cushioning capabilities than pure polyurethane boards in practical applications.

[0023] Conclusion: The test results show that the composite structure of the present invention effectively integrates the advantages of each layer of material, achieving comprehensive sound insulation, shock absorption, and heat preservation performance that is difficult to achieve with a single material.

[0024] Application examples The composite panel prepared according to this invention is applied to the construction of lightweight partition walls. The panel is fixed to both sides of a light steel keel to form the core of the wall. This wall structure not only effectively isolates airborne sound transmission between rooms, but its built-in EPP layer also reduces solid-borne sound transmission caused by collisions with the wall. At the same time, the insulation layer of the panel itself helps to improve the thermal performance of the wall.

[0025] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite sound insulation and vibration damping board, characterized in that, It includes an upper sound insulation layer, an intermediate substrate layer, and a lower shock-absorbing layer stacked sequentially from top to bottom; the upper sound insulation layer is a polyurethane foam board; the intermediate substrate layer is a cement-based cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabric, plastic film, or aluminized film; the lower shock-absorbing layer is an EPP foam board; the upper sound insulation layer, the intermediate substrate layer, and the lower shock-absorbing layer are bonded together with adhesive.

2. The composite sound insulation and vibration damping board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the lower damping layer accounts for 1 / 3 to 1 / 4 of the total thickness of the board, and the thickness of the upper sound insulation layer accounts for 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 of the total thickness of the board.

3. The composite sound insulation and vibration damping board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The density of the polyurethane foam board is 30-60 kg / m³. 3 The density of the EPP foam board is 15-25 kg / m³. 3 .

4. The composite sound insulation and vibration damping board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adhesive is a water-based adhesive.

5. The composite sound insulation and vibration damping board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate substrate layer is made of cement-based cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabric, plastic film, or aluminized film.

6. A method for preparing a composite sound insulation and vibration damping board as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Prepare polyurethane foam boards, intermediate matrix layers (one or more of cement-based cloth, fiber cloth, non-woven fabric, plastic film, and aluminized film) and EPP foam boards of predetermined sizes respectively; S2: Apply adhesive to the lower surface of the polyurethane foam board, the upper and lower surfaces of the intermediate matrix layer, and the upper surface of the EPP foam board; S3: Stack the polyurethane foam board, intermediate matrix layer, and EPP foam board with adhesive applied in sequence, and pressurize and cure to obtain the composite sound insulation and vibration damping board; the pressure is 0.1-0.3 MPa, and the curing time is 24-48 hours.

7. A building component, characterized in that, It includes the composite sound insulation and vibration damping material as described in any one of claims 1-5.

8. A soundproof enclosure for mechanical equipment, characterized in that, It includes the composite sound insulation and vibration damping material as described in any one of claims 1-5.

9. A soundproof wall or soundproof floor for a factory building, characterized in that, It includes the composite sound insulation and vibration damping material as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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