A fattening pig feed formula containing peony seed oil and application thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of animal feed processing, and particularly relates to a fattening pig feed formula containing peony seed oil and application thereof. The feed formula is composed of a basic daily ration raw material without added fat, soybean oil and peony seed oil; the soybean oil and the peony seed oil serve as the only fat source of the feed formula; the mass content of alpha-linolenic acid in the peony seed oil is greater than or equal to 38%; and the mass ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the feed formula is 1.0-5.0:1. The present application realizes the technical breakthrough of muscle gain without fat gain on fattening pigs for the first time by designing the feed formula containing peony seed oil and precisely regulating the n-6 / n-3 PUFA ratio of the feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of animal feed processing technology, specifically relating to a fattening pig feed formula containing peony seed oil and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing consumer demand for lean meat, improving the lean meat percentage and carcass quality of fattening pigs has become an important goal of modern pig farming. Traditional feeding strategies typically influence carcass composition by adjusting feed energy and protein levels, but this often results in reduced intramuscular fat deposition and decreased meat quality (such as tenderness and flavor). How to maintain or increase lean meat percentage (muscle gain) while avoiding excessive reduction in intramuscular fat content or even overall fat percentage (no fat gain / fat reduction) is a key technical challenge in this field.

[0003] In the field of animal nutrition and feed, peony seed oil, rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid, has been widely studied as a feed additive. In the prior art, patent CN116998604A discloses a composition containing peony seed oil and its application in feed. This composition comprises peony seed oil and peony seed meal, prepared through a subcritical extraction process, and its effects on promoting animal growth and development, increasing DHA and alpha-linolenic acid content in milk / eggs, and reducing total cholesterol have been verified. However, existing technologies mostly focus on the effects of peony seed oil on animal production performance or specific nutrients (such as DHA and alpha-linolenic acid). Directly adding a high proportion of vegetable oil to feed often leads to an imbalance in the ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the feed, thereby exacerbating lipid peroxidation, increasing inflammatory responses, and even inhibiting growth performance. Furthermore, the quality of peony seed oil purchased on the market varies greatly. How to optimize carcass quality through the rational design of feed formulations using peony seed oil is a technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, such as the difficulty in achieving both muscle gain and lipid reduction, and the oxidative stress caused by the addition of oil, the present invention provides a fattening pig feed formula containing peony seed oil and its application.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A feed formula for fattening pigs containing peony seed oil is provided. The feed formula includes at least the basic diet ingredients, soybean oil, and peony seed oil. The soybean oil and peony seed oil are used together as the oil source of the feed formula. In the feed formula, the mass ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is 1.0-5.0:1.

[0006] Preferably, in the feed formulation, the mass ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is 3.64:1.

[0007] The feed formulation is also provided for use in improving the carcass quality of finishing pigs, which includes increasing the eye muscle area of ​​finishing pigs and / or controlling or stabilizing the fat percentage while maintaining meat yield.

[0008] The feed formulation is also provided for use in improving the quality of fattened pork, including improving pork color and / or reducing muscle shear force.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention achieves a breakthrough in fattening pigs by designing a feed formulation containing peony seed oil and precisely controlling the n-6 / n-3 PUFA ratio. Unlike the closest existing technologies (such as those focusing only on single oil substitution), this application reconstructs the dietary fatty acid profile through a specific formulation design. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0011] Example 1: Formulation of fattening pig feed containing peony seed oil 1. Raw material preparation: Purchase peony seed oil from Heze, Shandong (Heze Shangsheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., product standard code: GB / T40622, ω-3 unsaturated fatty acid α-linolenic acid content ≥42%). Optionally, the peony seed oil described in this invention can also be other commercially available peony seed oils that meet the standards with an α-linolenic acid content of 38%, 40%, or 45%. By slightly adjusting the addition ratio of soybean oil, the n-6 / n-3 ratio range described in this invention can be achieved. The premix is ​​a conventional commercially available compound premix for pigs (without additional high doses of vitamin E to eliminate interference from exogenous antioxidants on the antioxidant mechanism of the fatty acid ratio in this invention).

[0012] 2. Feed formulation: Prepare feed according to the following weight percentages: Grade 2 corn: 73.540%, wheat bran: 6.000%, soybean meal: 14.500%, soybean oil: 1.500%, peony seed oil: 1.500%, dicalcium phosphate: 0.500%, limestone powder: 1.080%, salt: 0.300%, lysine: 0.210%, methionine: 0.010%, threonine: 0.050%, tryptophan: 0.010%, titanium dioxide: 0.300%, premix: 0.500%.

[0013] Example 2: Effects of feed formulation on carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs Healthy three-way crossbred castrated boars (Large White × Landrace × Duroc), with an initial weight of approximately 70 kg, were selected for the feeding trial, which was conducted at Xinding Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd., Ruijin City, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province. The experimental pigsties had slatted floors, and the pigs had free access to water and feed. They were fed three times daily (8:00, 12:00, and 18:00), and feed intake and health status were recorded. Disinfection and immunization were performed according to standard procedures. The trial period was 61 days. The feed formulation prepared in Example 1 was used as experimental group 1 (n-6 / n-3 PUFA ratio of 3.64); the control group was fed a feed in which soybean oil completely replaced peony seed oil (3.000% soybean oil, n-6 / n-3 PUFA ratio of 25.46); and experimental group 2 was fed a feed in which peony seed oil completely replaced soybean oil (3.000% peony seed oil, n-6 / n-3 PUFA ratio of 1.70).

[0014] After the experiment, all pigs were fasted for 12 hours before slaughter. Carcass phenotypic indicators such as half-carcass weight, half-muscle weight, eye muscle area, average backfat thickness, half-fat weight, and fat percentage were measured. The longissimus dorsi muscle was harvested to measure meat color (a*) and shear force.

[0015] Table 1. Effects of different n-6 / n-3 PUFA ratios on carcass traits of finishing pigs. As shown in Table 1, compared with the control group, the ocular muscle surface area of ​​experimental group 1 was significantly improved, with an increase of 12% (P<0.001). Simultaneously, the half-side muscle weight showed an increasing trend, while the half-side carcass weight and fat percentage showed no significant difference. This successfully achieved a localized optimization effect of increasing muscle mass without increasing fat, which has direct economic value for improving the yield of high-grade cut meat. Although the half-side carcass weight and average backfat thickness of experimental group 2 were not significantly affected, the half-side muscle weight decreased (P=0.038), indicating that a low n-6 / n-3 ratio is not conducive to overall meat production performance.

[0016] Table 2. Effects of different n-6 / n-3 PUFA ratios on the quality of finishing pork. As shown in Table 2, in terms of meat color, the redness values ​​(a*) of experimental groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than those of the control group (P=0.03), indicating that this ratio has a significant effect on improving the redness of the meat. In terms of tenderness, the shear force of experimental groups 1 and 2 was significantly lower than that of the control group (the shear force of experimental group 1 was 44.91N, and that of the control group was 50.61N, P=0.033), indicating that the tenderness was significantly improved.

[0017] Example 3: Verification of the metabolic mechanism related to muscle gain without fat gain in finishing pigs by feed formulation To explore the underlying mechanism by which experimental group 1 achieved muscle gain without fat gain, the antioxidant capacity and key energy metabolites of muscle, liver, and perirenal fat were measured.

[0018] Table 3. Effects of different n-6 / n-3 PUFA ratios in feed on metabolic mechanisms related to muscle gain without fat gain in finishing pigs. 1. The link between antioxidant capacity and muscle development Total antioxidant capacity (TOC) in muscle was measured. Results showed that the TOC value of muscle in experimental group 1 (21.05 U / g) was significantly higher than that in the control group (19.57 U / g) and experimental group 2 (19.40 U / g) (P=0.02). The strongest muscle antioxidant capacity was consistent with the largest ocular muscle area and the best muscle development, indicating that this ratio effectively reduced lipid peroxidation damage and provided a favorable redox environment for muscle growth.

[0019] 2. Analysis of key metabolic pathways (G3P synthesis pathway) The content of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) in muscle and liver was measured. Results showed: Muscle: The G3P content in the muscles of both experimental groups 1 and 2 was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.001), with the highest G3P content in experimental group 2 (197.53 ng / mg) and the second highest in experimental group 1 (163.82 ng / mg). However, the muscle weight of one side in experimental group 2 was significantly reduced (Table 1), indicating that excessive G3P deposition did not translate into muscle growth, but may instead be related to energy metabolism imbalance. In contrast, the moderate increase in G3P in experimental group 1, combined with the optimal n-6 / n-3 ratio, promoted moderate intramuscular fat deposition while maintaining muscle growth, thus supporting the effect of muscle gain without fat gain.

[0020] Liver: There was no significant difference in liver glucose (G) and liver G3P content between experimental group 1 and the control group (P>0.05), indicating that the n-6 / n-3 PUFA ratio described in this invention did not interfere with the basal glucose metabolism homeostasis of fattening pig liver, and its metabolic regulation mainly targets muscle and adipose tissue.

[0021] Perirhinal adipose tissue: In the perirenal adipose tissue of experimental groups 1 (3.64) and 2 (1.70), the levels of glycolytic metabolites such as citrate (CA) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.001), indicating that the n-6 / n-3 PUFA ratio within the range of 1.70-3.64 can inhibit the glycolytic pathway in perirenal adipose tissue. Furthermore, the G3P content in the perirenal adipose tissue of experimental group 1 was significantly higher than that of experimental group 2 (P=0.01), and showed an increasing trend compared to the control group (8.52 vs 6.79, P=0.01). This suggests that the specific ratio (3.64) described in this invention can guide metabolites to the G3P synthesis pathway more rationally, thus optimizing and regulating the fat deposition process, while a ratio that is too low (1.70) may lead to insufficient G3P synthesis.

[0022] In summary, this invention, by precisely controlling the n-6 / n-3 PUFA ratio in the feed to 3.64:1, not only directly achieves the core goal of increasing muscle mass without increasing fat by increasing eye muscle area and maintaining overall meat yield while stabilizing fat percentage, but also simultaneously improves meat color and tenderness. The underlying mechanism is that this specific ratio enhances the antioxidant capacity of the muscle and guides the body's glucose metabolism towards (G3P synthesis), promotes appropriate lipid deposition in the muscle to maintain meat flavor, and rationally regulates fat distribution in the kidney fat, avoiding overall meat production inhibition and metabolic imbalance caused by an excessively low ratio (1.70). From phenotype to mechanism, the scientific nature and superiority of the formula are fully verified.

[0023] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

[0024] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A feed formula for fattening pigs containing peony seed oil, characterized in that, The feed formula consists of a basic diet ingredient without added oil, soybean oil, and peony seed oil; the soybean oil and peony seed oil are the sole oil sources in the feed formula; the α-linolenic acid content in the peony seed oil is ≥38% by mass; in the feed formula, the mass ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is 1.0-5.0:

1.

2. The feed formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the feed formulation, the mass ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is 3.64:

1.

3. The application of the feed formulation of claim 1 in improving the carcass quality of finishing pigs, wherein improving the carcass quality of finishing pigs includes increasing the eye muscle area of ​​finishing pigs, and / or controlling or stabilizing the fat percentage while maintaining meat yield.

4. The application of the feed formulation according to claim 1 in improving the quality of fattening pork, characterized in that, The improvement of fattened pork quality includes improving pork color and / or reducing muscle shear force.

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