Ecological soil capable of rapidly forming soil in situ, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of ecological soil capable of in-situ soil formation quickly and its preparation method and application.The ecological soil is composed of multi-source waste base and microbial inoculum;The mass ratio of multi-source waste and microbial inoculum is (18-20):1;Multi-source waste base is selected from one or more of coal gangue, fly ash, corn straw, cow dung and sugarcane residue;Microbial inoculum is composed of simple wheel branch bacteria fermentation liquor, fusarium fermentation liquor, spiral branch mould fermentation liquor, red ball bacteria fermentation liquor and green needle pseudeomonas fermentation liquor.The present application efficiently utilizes the waste generated by industrialization and urbanization, and on the basis of waste and microbial inoculum, realizes the synergistic efficient resource of multi-source waste, and the soil matrix prepared by composting is loose, rich in plant essential nutrients, and has strong water retention, has the advantages of promoting plant growth, strengthening ecological restoration, etc., and is suitable for mining subsidence area, reclamation site, sandy or saline-alkali farmland, facility agriculture and ecological greening fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an ecological soil that can be rapidly formed in situ, its preparation method and application, belonging to the field of solid waste resource utilization and ecological restoration technology. Background Technology

[0002] Mine remediation, the treatment of pollution in mining waste sites, is a crucial environmental governance project today. Traditional mine remediation often only considers simple physical landfilling. This approach only addresses the symptoms, not the root cause, and even with the addition of chemical binders, the problems of high cost and high risk of secondary pollution persist. Furthermore, current landfill options (such as simple coal gangue) lack sustainable development potential. Simultaneously, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, large quantities of multi-source waste such as coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, sugarcane bagasse, and cow dung are generated, posing challenges to their resource utilization.

[0003] Microorganisms play a decomposer role in the material cycle of ecosystems, possessing enormous potential for pollutant degradation, resource recycling, and ecological environmental protection. In the ecological restoration of mining areas, functional microorganisms can reduce the toxicity and mobility of heavy metals through biosorption, enrichment, transformation, and precipitation. Plant-microbe co-remediation is a commonly used method, in which the efficacy of microbial agents is crucial.

[0004] However, existing microbial agents often suffer from low activity, limited functionality, and weak adaptability. Furthermore, the remediation effect of single-species microorganisms is limited and struggles to address the multiple challenges of complex soil environments. In mine ecological restoration, microbial agents are typically used through conventional composting techniques, which are time-consuming (generally 20-45 days), have poor agent compatibility, and exhibit poor soil stability, thus failing to achieve rapid in-situ soil formation in mine restoration.

[0005] Therefore, developing an ecological soil based on multi-source waste and microbial agents that can rapidly form soil in situ is of great practical significance for mine remediation. Utilizing multi-source waste in combination with microbial agents for high-value development and creating formulations for mine remediation also aligns with the concepts of "treating waste with waste" and the circular economy. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an ecological soil that can be rapidly formed in situ, along with its preparation method and application. This addresses the problems mentioned in the background section, such as the insufficient development potential and high risks of traditional remediation technologies, the instability and low efficiency of traditional composting technologies, the low activity and poor adaptability of microbial agents, and the difficulty in disposing of large quantities of multi-source waste.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] An ecological soil that can be rapidly formed in situ, composed of a multi-source waste substrate and microbial agents;

[0009] The mass ratio of the multi-source waste to the microbial agent is (18~20):1;

[0010] The multi-source waste substrate is selected from one or more of the following: coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung, and sugarcane bagasse.

[0011] The microbial agent consists of fermentation broths of Verticillium simplex, Fusarium, Mucor, Rhodococcus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the multi-source waste to the microbial agent is 19:1.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-source waste substrate is a mixture of coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung, and sugarcane bagasse in a mass ratio of (59~68):(10~12):(9~16):(3~7):(2~7).

[0014] More preferably, the multi-source waste substrate is a mixture of coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung, and sugarcane bagasse in a mass ratio of 59.5:10.5:15.63:6.25:3.12.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the *Verticillium* is *Verticillium* SXF11, which was deposited on April 14, 2026, at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), located at No. 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with accession number CGMCC No. 42690. *Fusarium*, *Mucor*, *Rhodococcus*, and *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* are all existing conventional strains available at the CGMCC.

[0016] More preferably, the microbial agent is a mixture of Verticillium SXF11 fermentation broth, Fusarium fermentation broth, Mucor fermentation broth, Rhodococcus fermentation broth, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation broth in a volume ratio of (1~2):(1~2):(1~2):(1~2):(2~3).

[0017] More preferably, the microbial agent is a mixture of Verticillium SXF11 fermentation broth, Fusarium fermentation broth, Mucor fermentation broth, Rhodococcus fermentation broth, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation broth in a volume ratio of 2:1:2:2:3.

[0018] The above-mentioned method for preparing ecological soil that can be rapidly formed in situ includes the following steps:

[0019] (1) Mix coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung and sugarcane bagasse evenly according to the proportion to obtain a multi-source waste base;

[0020] (2) *Verticillium SXF11*, *Fusarium*, and *Mucor* were inoculated onto LB solid medium for activation to obtain seed culture; then, they were transferred to LB liquid medium and cultured at 25-30℃ and 100-150 rpm to obtain viable cells with a count of not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL of Verticillium SXF11 fermentation broth, Fusarium fermentation broth and Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation broth;

[0021] (3) Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inoculated onto LB solid medium for activation to obtain seed culture; then they were transferred to LB liquid medium and cultured at 35-40℃ and 150-180 rpm to obtain a viable count of not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL of Rhodococcus ferment broth and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ferment broth;

[0022] (4) According to the ratio, mix the fermentation broth of Verticillium SXF11, Fusarium fermentation broth, Mucor fermentation broth, Rhodococcus fermentation broth and Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation broth evenly to obtain microbial inoculants;

[0023] (5) According to the ratio, add the microbial agent to the multi-source waste substrate and ferment at 25~35℃ for 10~15 days to obtain ecological soil that can be quickly formed in situ.

[0024] The above-mentioned ecological soils that can quickly form soil in situ are used in the remediation of mining areas.

[0025] Any aspects not described in detail in this invention can be carried out in accordance with existing technologies.

[0026] Technical features and beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0027] 1. This invention provides a multifunctional microbial agent composed of fermentation broths of *Verticillium SXF11*, *Fusarium*, *Mucor*, *Rhodococcus*, and *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*. This multifunctional microbial agent is safe and non-toxic, possesses good biocompatibility and binding properties, and exhibits faster decomposition, stronger adaptability, and greater stability. It can not only dissolve insoluble inorganic phosphorus in soil or coal gangue, enhancing plant nitrogen fixation and promoting plant growth, but also act as a biological binder to enhance water retention and soil stabilization. This avoids the problems of high cost and secondary pollution associated with traditional chemical binders, and as a microorganism for rapid in-situ decomposition, it avoids the weaknesses and poor efficacy of traditional microorganisms.

[0028] 2. This invention efficiently utilizes waste materials generated by industrialization and urbanization, such as coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung, and sugarcane bagasse. Furthermore, it combines these waste materials with microbial agents to prepare ecological soil that can rapidly form soil in situ. This ecological soil achieves synergistic and efficient resource utilization of multiple waste sources. The composted soil matrix is ​​loose, rich in essential plant nutrients, and has strong water retention, promoting plant growth and enhancing ecological restoration. It is suitable for mining subsidence areas, reclaimed sites, desertified or saline-alkali farmland, facility agriculture, and ecological greening. It solves the environmental pollution problem caused by waste storage, achieves synergistic and efficient utilization of multiple waste sources, and provides low-cost soil for various remediation scenarios, thus possessing both economic and environmental benefits.

[0029] 3. The ecological soil raw materials provided by this invention, which can be rapidly formed in situ, are inexpensive and readily available. The preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and it is easy to achieve large-scale production, opening up new avenues for the large-scale utilization of solid wastes such as coal gangue and fly ash. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 The root length and plant height of the ryegrass treated in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are shown in the experimental examples.

[0031] Figure 2 The aboveground and underground fresh weights of ryegrass treated in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are the experimental examples.

[0032] Figure 3 The pH value refers to the soil pH after treating ryegrass in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 of the experimental cases. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, but these are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All raw materials and equipment used in the embodiments are conventional and can be purchased commercially.

[0034] Microbial source: Verticillium SXF11 was deposited on April 14, 2026 at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), located at No. 3, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with accession number CGMCC No. 42690.

[0035] Fusarium, Mucor, Rhodococcus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are existing common strains and are available at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] An ecological soil that can be rapidly formed in situ, composed of a multi-source waste substrate and microbial agents;

[0038] The mass ratio of the multi-source waste to the microbial agent is 19:1;

[0039] The multi-source waste base is a mixture of coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung, and sugarcane bagasse in a mass ratio of 63.75:11.25:12.5:5:2.5.

[0040] The microbial agent is a mixture of Verticillium SXF11 fermentation broth, Fusarium fermentation broth, Mucor fermentation broth, Rhodococcus fermentation broth, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation broth in a volume ratio of 2:1:2:2:3.

[0041] The above-mentioned method for preparing ecological soil that can be rapidly formed in situ includes the following steps:

[0042] (1) Mix coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung and sugarcane bagasse evenly according to the proportion to obtain a multi-source waste base;

[0043] (2) *Verticillium SXF11*, *Fusarium*, and *Mucor* were inoculated onto LB solid medium for activation to obtain seed culture; then, they were transferred to LB liquid medium and cultured in a shaker at 28°C and 120 rpm for 144 h to obtain a viable count of not less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL of Verticillium SXF11 fermentation broth, Fusarium fermentation broth and Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation broth;

[0044] (3) Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inoculated onto LB solid medium to activate them and obtain seed culture; then they were transferred to LB liquid medium and cultured in a shaker at 37℃ and 180 rpm for 24 h to obtain a viable count of not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL of Rhodococcus ferment broth and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ferment broth;

[0045] (4) According to the ratio, mix the fermentation broth of Verticillium SXF11, Fusarium fermentation broth, Mucor fermentation broth, Rhodococcus fermentation broth and Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation broth evenly to obtain microbial inoculants;

[0046] (5) According to the ratio, add the microbial agent to the multi-source waste substrate and ferment at 30°C for 14 days to obtain ecological soil that can be quickly formed in situ.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] An ecological soil that can be rapidly formed in situ, composed of a multi-source waste substrate and microbial agents;

[0049] The mass ratio of the multi-source waste to the microbial agent is 19:1;

[0050] The multi-source waste base is a mixture of coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung, and sugarcane bagasse in a mass ratio of 68:12:9.38:3.75:1.87.

[0051] The microbial agent is a mixture of Verticillium SXF11 fermentation broth, Fusarium fermentation broth, Mucor fermentation broth, Rhodococcus fermentation broth, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation broth in a volume ratio of 2:1:2:2:3.

[0052] The method for preparing ecological soil that can be rapidly formed in situ in this embodiment is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] An ecological soil that can be rapidly formed in situ, composed of a multi-source waste substrate and microbial agents;

[0055] The mass ratio of the multi-source waste to the microbial agent is 19:1;

[0056] The multi-source waste base is a mixture of coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung, and sugarcane bagasse in a mass ratio of 59.5:10.5:16.3:6.25:3.12.

[0057] The microbial agent is a mixture of Verticillium SXF11 fermentation broth, Fusarium fermentation broth, Mucor fermentation broth, Rhodococcus fermentation broth, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation broth in a volume ratio of 2:1:2:2:3.

[0058] The method for preparing ecological soil that can be rapidly formed in situ in this embodiment is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] One type of soil for mine remediation is produced by adding distilled water to a multi-source waste substrate, making the distilled water account for 5% of the total soil mass, and fermenting it at 30°C for 14 days.

[0061] The multi-source waste base is composed of coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung, and sugarcane bagasse in a mass ratio of 63.75:11.25:12.5:5:2.5.

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] One type of soil for mine remediation is produced by adding distilled water to a multi-source waste substrate, making the distilled water account for 5% of the total soil mass, and fermenting it at 30°C for 14 days.

[0064] The multi-source waste base is composed of coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung, and sugarcane bagasse in a mass ratio of 68:12:9.38:3.75:1.87.

[0065] Comparative Example 3

[0066] One type of soil for mine remediation is produced by adding distilled water to a multi-source waste substrate, making the distilled water account for 5% of the total soil mass, and fermenting it at 30°C for 14 days.

[0067] The multi-source waste base is composed of coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung, and sugarcane bagasse in a mass ratio of 59.5:10.5:16.3:6.25:3.12.

[0068] Test case

[0069] Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) seeds were pretreated and germinated. When the ryegrass seedlings reached a height of 2-3 cm (5-7 days after germination), they were ready for transplanting. The ecological soils prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were then placed in plastic flowerpots and designated as the Example Group and Comparative Group, respectively. Normal soil was used as the control group. 15 seedlings were evenly transplanted into each of the three groups (45 seedlings in total). The seedlings were kept under 25°C for 16 hours of light per day and watered every 3 days. The seedlings were then cultivated for 30 days after transplanting.

[0070] After 30 days of cultivation, the aboveground and underground parts of the example group and the comparative group were taken respectively, and the plant height and root length were measured. The results are as follows. Figure 1 As shown.

[0071] The fresh weights of the aboveground and underground parts of the example group and the comparative example group were weighed again, and the results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0072] Then, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids in the leaves of the example group, comparative group, and blank group were determined by the acetone-ethanol mixture extraction method. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0073] Table 1

[0074]

[0075] Next, the crude protein content in the ryegrass leaves of the example group and the comparative group was determined by the Coomassie Brilliant Blue method (Bradford method), and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0076] Table 2

[0077]

[0078] Finally, the soil pH of the example group and the comparative group was measured using a pH meter after 30 days of continuous cultivation. The results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0079] Depend on Figures 1-2 It can be seen that the plant height of the ryegrass in the example group was significantly higher than that in the comparative group, with average plant heights of 32.33 cm, 23.5 cm, and 23.33 cm, respectively, while the comparative group only had a height of 14.5–20.5 cm. Furthermore, the root length of the ryegrass in the example group was also significantly higher than that in the comparative group, with an average root length of 12.5–14.25 cm, while the comparative group only had a root length of 6.17–9 cm. Figure 1 Meanwhile, the average aboveground biomass of the rye meadow in the example group was 5.34-5~61 g / plant, and the average underground biomass was 3.32-15.52 g / plant; while the average aboveground biomass of the comparative group was only 0.22-1.02 g / plant, and the average underground biomass was only 0.07-0.35 g / plant. Figure 2 The results were far inferior to those of the example group. This fully demonstrates that the ecological soil provided by the present invention, which can quickly form soil in situ, can effectively degrade solid phosphorus in the soil, enhance the nitrogen fixation capacity of plants, and significantly promote the growth of ryegrass.

[0080] Table 1 shows that the total chlorophyll content in the ryegrass leaves of the example group was 2.348~3.931 mg / g, and the carotenoid content was 0.294~0.447 mg / g; while the total chlorophyll content in the comparative group was only 2.278~3.868 mg / g, and the carotenoid content was only 0.285~0.433 mg / g. This indicates that the photosynthetic pigment content in the example group was generally higher than that in the comparative group, especially Example 1, which showed the best performance. This further confirms that the ecological soil provided by this invention, which can quickly form soil in situ, can significantly promote the growth of ryegrass.

[0081] As shown in Table 2, the crude protein content in the example group was significantly higher than that in the comparative group. This indicates that the ecological soil provided by this invention, which can rapidly form soil in situ, not only significantly promotes the growth of ryegrass but also acts as a biological binder, enhancing water retention and soil stabilization capabilities and improving the "soil microenvironment." Compared to the comparative group, the significantly higher crude protein content in the example group indicates that ryegrass has stronger growth capabilities and exhibits better soil stabilization and stress resistance when grown in ecologically damaged or degraded land.

[0082] Depend on Figure 3It can be seen that the soil pH in the example group was stable at 7.0-7.2 (neutral range), which is suitable for ryegrass growth. The pH in the comparative group was generally lower, ranging from 6.4 to 6.7, and the acidic environment may inhibit nutrient absorption and microbial activity. This indicates that the ecological soil that can be rapidly formed in situ provided by the present invention, through the adjustment of pH by microbial agents, enhances the soil's buffering capacity and promotes nutrient availability. Soil that has been decomposed by multifunctional microbial agents has a better acid-base buffering capacity.

[0083] This application example demonstrates that the ecological soil provided by this invention, which can be rapidly formed in situ, significantly promotes ryegrass growth. Specifically, plant height increases by over 30%, and root biomass increases by over 50%, stemming from organic matter provided by waste and microbial-driven nutrient cycling. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, and crude protein content are significantly increased. The pH remains stable within a suitable range (7.0-7.2), enhancing soil buffering capacity and promoting nutrient availability. This ecological soil is suitable for vegetation cover restoration of ecologically damaged or degraded land, achieving a synergistic effect of waste resource utilization and ecological governance.

[0084] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. An ecological soil that can rapidly form soil in situ, characterized in that, It consists of a multi-source waste substrate and microbial inoculants; The mass ratio of the multi-source waste to the microbial agent is (18~20):1; The multi-source waste substrate is selected from one or more of the following: coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung, and sugarcane bagasse. The microbial agent consists of fermentation broths of Verticillium simplex, Fusarium, Mucor, Rhodococcus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

2. The ecological soil capable of rapid in-situ soil formation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the multi-source waste to the microbial agent is 19:

1.

3. The ecological soil capable of rapid in-situ soil formation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-source waste base is a mixture of coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung, and sugarcane bagasse in a mass ratio of (59~68):(10~12):(9~16):(3~7):(2~7).

4. The ecological soil capable of rapid in-situ soil formation as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-source waste base is a mixture of coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung, and sugarcane bagasse in a mass ratio of 59.5:10.5:15.63:6.25:3.

12.

5. The ecological soil capable of rapid in-situ soil formation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The described Verticillium is Verticillium SXF11, which was deposited on April 14, 2026, at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), located at No. 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with accession number CGMCC No. 42690.

6. The ecological soil capable of rapid in-situ soil formation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial agent is a mixture of the fermentation broth of Verticillium SXF11, Fusarium, Mucor, Rhodococcus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a volume ratio of (1~2):(1~2):(1~2):(1~2):(1~2):(2~3).

7. The ecological soil capable of rapid in-situ soil formation as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The microbial agent is a mixture of Verticillium SXF11 fermentation broth, Fusarium fermentation broth, Mucor fermentation broth, Rhodococcus fermentation broth, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation broth in a volume ratio of 2:1:2:2:

3.

8. The method for preparing ecological soil capable of rapid in-situ soil formation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steps include the following: (1) Mix coal gangue, fly ash, corn stalks, cow dung and sugarcane bagasse evenly according to the proportion to obtain a multi-source waste base; (2) Verticillium SXF11, Fusarium and Mucor were inoculated onto LB solid medium and activated to obtain seed culture; Then, they were transferred to LB liquid medium and cultured at 25-30℃ and 100-150 rpm to obtain a viable count of not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL of Verticillium SXF11 fermentation broth, Fusarium fermentation broth and Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation broth; (3) Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inoculated onto LB solid medium and activated to obtain seed culture; Then, they were transferred to LB liquid medium and cultured at 35-40℃ and 150-180 rpm to obtain a viable count of not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL of Rhodococcus ferment broth and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ferment broth; (4) According to the ratio, mix the fermentation broth of Verticillium SXF11, Fusarium fermentation broth, Mucor fermentation broth, Rhodococcus fermentation broth and Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation broth evenly to obtain microbial inoculants; (5) According to the ratio, add the microbial agent to the multi-source waste substrate and ferment at 25~35℃ for 10~15 days to obtain ecological soil that can be quickly formed in situ.

9. The application of the ecological soil that can rapidly form soil in situ as described in claim 1 in the remediation of mining areas.

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