A method and test device for measuring interstitial water pressure and regulating geometric conditions

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of gap water pressure measurement and geometric condition regulation method and test device, it is related to hydraulic engineering technical field.The box, side plate, lower bottom plate and other components of the test device of the application are formed into airtight gap structure containing vertical joint and bottom joint, and are sealed with test flume docking;Sensor elements are arranged in multiple regions of the gap and are connected to collection terminals through threading holes;Through three types of assembled movable blocks, the gap water inlet angle, gap width and downstream ridge height can be adjusted;After the geometric boundary is determined by the three types of movable blocks, the test flume is regulated to form a stable working condition, and the water pressure data of the gap in multiple positions are collected simultaneously;The force in each partition is calculated according to the partition pressure and the pressure area, and the overall lifting force of the structure is obtained by difference operation;After a single working condition is completed, the accumulated water is drained, the movable blocks are replaced without disassembling the main body of the device, and the cycle test is completed to compare and test multiple geometric working conditions.The application realizes the regulation and measurement of the water pressure of the gap in multiple working conditions without changing the main structure, and has a high application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, specifically to a method and experimental device for measuring gap water pressure and controlling geometric conditions. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing scale of hydraulic structures such as high dam spillways, flood channels, stilling basins, and gate chamber bottoms, the distribution of water pressure and hydraulic effects within expansion joints, construction cracks, and joint gaps in the structural bottom slab directly affect the overall operational safety and durability of the structures. Hydraulic model testing of hydraulic joints, as an important research method for exploring the transmission law of water pressure in joints and evaluating the buoyancy resistance and stress characteristics of slabs, has been widely applied in engineering scenarios such as hydraulic engineering design optimization, fault cause analysis, and operational safety verification. Domestic and international scholars have conducted extensive experimental research on joint water pressure testing, joint flow simulation, and structural stress response, laying the foundation for the development of hydraulic joint simulation testing technology. However, current hydraulic joint simulation testing technology generally suffers from significant shortcomings, including limited coverage of measuring points, non-adjustable model geometry, and difficulty in effectively converting measured water pressure into overall structural stress. New experimental techniques are urgently needed to address these shortcomings.

[0003] Chinese patent (publication number CN104849135A) discloses an experimental device for measuring the dynamic water pressure in the gaps of the bottom plates of a water cushion pond. This scheme uses a box and a fixed test section to install pressure sensing elements, which can monitor the dynamic water pressure inside the gaps of the bottom plate at fixed points. However, this scheme is limited to data acquisition in a local area of ​​the bottom surface of the gap, and does not simultaneously measure the pressure on the vertical side of the gap and the upper part of the structure. It cannot fully reflect the pressure distribution law of the entire gap. Moreover, the overall model is a fixed structure, which cannot flexibly change the shape of the gap structure and boundary conditions. In addition, the overall structure of the device is fixed, and it can only carry out fixed working condition tests, which cannot meet the needs of multi-factor and multi-parameter comparative test research.

[0004] Chinese patent (publication number CN109900559B) discloses a water pressure testing device and method for deformation joint waterstops. It tests the sealing pressure bearing capacity of deformation joint components by pressurizing a closed cavity, and can realize the quantitative detection of the water pressure resistance performance of the components. However, this technology only tests the sealing performance of waterstop components and does not consider the pressure distribution characteristics of multiple locations in the gap, so the applicable research scenarios are very limited.

[0005] In summary, most existing hydraulic joint water pressure testing devices and methods suffer from incomplete coverage of pressure measurement points, difficulty in flexibly adjusting model geometry, and weak capability for expanding operating conditions. They cannot meet the practical needs of synchronous testing of pressure across the entire domain and systematic research on the stress law of structures under different joint construction parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, this application discloses a method and experimental apparatus for measuring gap water pressure and adjusting geometric conditions, wherein the method is specifically as follows:

[0007] Before the control begins, the split box, side panels, bottom plate, and sealing components are assembled, locked, and sealed to form a closed simulated gap structure with vertical and bottom seams. The entire device is then connected to the upstream and downstream of the test water tank and sealed with water.

[0008] Multi-location integrated measurement points are set up for gaps, and pressure sensing elements are set up at corresponding positions on vertical gaps, upper surface of structure, and lower surface of bottom gaps. The sensing element lines are led out through the pre-set wire holes in the box and connected to an external data acquisition terminal.

[0009] The modular, replaceable movable blocks are used to allow for the detachable replacement, positioning, and adjustment of the water inlet angle, gap width, and downstream protrusion height.

[0010] After the control begins, the drain hole in the bottom plate is sealed and water is filled into the sealed gap until the cavity is full, the air trapped inside the gap is expelled, and the sensing elements and data acquisition terminal are initially calibrated; the test water tank is controlled to form a stable working condition through the assembled replaceable movable block.

[0011] Simultaneously collect real-time water pressure data at various locations including vertical seams, the upper surface of the structure, and the lower surface of the bottom seams;

[0012] The force on each region is calculated based on the measured pressure and corresponding pressure area of ​​each region, and then the overall lifting force of the structure is obtained by calculating the force difference between the regions.

[0013] After completion, the drainage holes of the bottom plate are opened to drain the water inside the gap. Different sizes of prefabricated movable blocks are replaced to change the geometry of the gap. The process of filling with water, calibration, pressure sampling, and stress calculation is repeated, and comparative tests are conducted under multiple geometric working conditions.

[0014] Preferably, the process of connecting the overall device to the upstream and downstream of the test water tank and sealing it with water is as follows: After forming a closed simulated gap structure containing vertical seams and bottom seams, the assembled overall test device is precisely aligned and spliced ​​with the upstream inlet and downstream outlet of the test water tank along the water flow direction. The joint gap between the device and the water tank is sealed tightly with a sealing structure to prevent water leakage and side flow at the joint, so that the water flow from the water tank can be completely controlled and guided into the simulated gap.

[0015] Preferably, the detachable replacement positioning and adjustment specifically involves: changing the boundary shape of the water inlet of the gap by replacing the angle-adapting movable blocks of different configurations and using fastening connectors for limiting, locking and positioning fixation. The angle-adapting movable blocks of different configurations include variable angle movable blocks, variable gap width movable blocks and variable sill height movable blocks.

[0016] Preferably, the variable angle movable block, variable gap width movable block, and variable sill height movable block are specifically configured such that: the variable angle movable block can be detachably assembled at the front end of the water inlet of the device gap; by replacing the variable angle movable block with different configurations and locking it in place with fasteners, the shape of the water inlet boundary of the gap can be changed and the water inlet incident angle of the gap can be adjusted.

[0017] The variable gap width movable block is embedded inside the passage path of the gap. By replacing the variable gap width movable block of different specifications, the passage spacing inside the gap can be changed, and the overall width of the gap can be adjusted. When adjusting the width of the bottom gap, the side sealing component is disassembled and the corresponding variable gap width movable block is inserted for assembly and fixation.

[0018] The variable sill height movable block is assembled at the downstream end of the gap. By replacing the variable sill height movable block with different structural heights and locking it in place, the protruding boundary configuration at the downstream end of the gap is changed, thereby adjusting the height of the downstream sill structure.

[0019] Preferably, the process of removing trapped air from the gap and initial calibration specifically involves: slowly replenishing water into the sealed gap cavity using an inward injection method, filling the entire gap cavity with static full filling, and completely removing trapped air from all parts of the gap cavity by displacing water layer by layer.

[0020] After the water inside the gap has settled and stabilized, zero-point and initial working condition calibrations are carried out simultaneously on all types of sensing elements distributed on the vertical gap, the upper surface of the structure, and the lower surface of the bottom gap, as well as the data acquisition terminals that are adapted to and connected to them, to establish a unified measurement benchmark.

[0021] Preferably, the controlled test water tank forms a stable working condition by: assembling and arranging variable angle movable blocks, variable gap width movable blocks, and variable sill height movable blocks respectively, which together define and construct the overall geometric boundary shape of the gap;

[0022] Based on this, by adjusting the inlet water ratio and overflow return water opening of the test water tank, the water level and inflow velocity in the water tank are coordinated and adjusted to make the water tank form a continuous and stable constant flow condition.

[0023] Preferably, the method of obtaining the overall structural uplift force through regional force difference calculation specifically involves: dividing the structure into independent force calculation regions along the vertical seam, the upper surface of the structure, and the lower surface of the bottom seam; and calculating the fluid pressure on each independent region based on the measured pressure and corresponding effective pressure area of ​​each region using static force relationships, with the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] The difference between the forces acting on the corresponding area on the upper surface of the structure and the forces acting on the corresponding area on the lower surface of the bottom seam is calculated. The uplift force on the entire structure under the action of water in the seam is represented and solved using the force difference result. The formula is as follows:

[0026]

[0027] in, For the corresponding area of ​​the upper surface to be subjected to force, The first of the upper surface Pressure in an independent region For the first The area of ​​each independent region This represents the number of independent regions on the upper surface. The corresponding area on the lower surface is subjected to force. The first of the lower surface Pressure in an independent region The first of the lower surface The area of ​​each independent region This represents the number of independent regions on the lower surface. To exert effort for those in power.

[0028] Preferably, the change of the gap geometry by replacing the prefabricated movable blocks of different specifications specifically involves: opening the drainage holes of the bottom plate to completely drain the water inside the gap cavity and allowing it to stand and drain.

[0029] Keep the main frame of the device and the water-stopping structure intact and do not disassemble or modify them. Selectively replace the variable angle movable block, variable gap width movable block, and variable sill height movable block with matching configuration, and redefine the geometric boundary conditions such as the gap water inlet angle, gap width dimension and downstream sill height.

[0030] The complete test steps of filling the cavity with water, initial calibration of the sensing system, synchronous acquisition of water pressure at multiple locations, calculation of zoned force and overall lifting force were repeated in sequence to complete parallel comparative tests under various geometric boundary conditions.

[0031] The specific experimental apparatus described herein is as follows:

[0032] Includes upper housing, lower housing, lower base plate, countersunk screws, side plates, variable angle movable blocks, variable gap width movable blocks, variable sill height movable blocks, and sealing blocks;

[0033] The upper and lower boxes are assembled in a corresponding manner, and two side panels are respectively sealed on the left and right sides of the upper and lower boxes;

[0034] The bottom plate is sealed and assembled at the bottom of the lower box, and the sealing block is sealed and assembled at the end of the gap formed by the combination of the upper box and the lower box;

[0035] The variable angle movable block, variable gap width movable block, and variable sill height movable block are detachably installed on the preset installation positions of the upper and lower boxes using countersunk screws.

[0036] The side panels are respectively assembled on the left and right sides of the upper and lower housings, and the sealing blocks are assembled at the ends of the vertical seam and the bottom seam.

[0037] Preferably, the variable angle movable block, variable joint width movable block, and variable sill height movable block are detachable modular assembly components, specifically:

[0038] The overall shape of the variable angle movable block is adapted to the outline of the water inlet port of the upper tank and is fitted into the installation position of the water inlet of the upper tank. The variable angle movable block plate is provided with fixing and mounting holes that match the countersunk screws.

[0039] The variable gap width movable block has an outer contour that matches the gap section of the vertical gap and the bottom gap. It can be detachably installed in the internal gap space of the vertical gap and the bottom gap. The variable gap width movable block has regular positioning and mounting holes for countersunk screws to be inserted and locked.

[0040] The variable sill height movable block is placed and assembled at the downstream end of the bottom seam. The variable sill height movable block forms a detachable assembled fixed structure with the end component of the lower box body through countersunk screws.

[0041] The variable angle movable block, variable gap width movable block, and variable sill height movable block are respectively installed at the water inlet end of the device, inside the gap, and downstream end of the gap. By replacing and disassembling movable block components of different specifications, the water inlet angle, the width of the gap, and the height of the sill protrusion downstream of the gap can be adjusted respectively, so as to quickly switch and adapt multiple geometric shapes of the gap without changing the main structure of the device.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following technical effects:

[0043] This invention simultaneously collects water pressure data from multiple regions, including vertical joints, the upper surface of the structure, and the lower surface of the bottom joint, breaking through the limitations of single-point and single-region pressure measurement. It can completely obtain the water pressure distribution pattern of the entire joint area, significantly improving the completeness and coverage of the test data.

[0044] This invention adopts a modular assembly structure design, which eliminates the need for overall disassembly and remaking of the test model. It allows for flexible adjustment of key geometric parameters such as the water inlet angle, gap width, and downstream sill height. The switching of working conditions is convenient and efficient, which greatly reduces the model manufacturing cost and test cycle, and enhances versatility and reusability.

[0045] This invention sets up a dedicated water filling and venting process and a unified initial calibration process, which can effectively eliminate residual air in the cavity and initial zero-point deviation of the sensing system, improve the accuracy and reliability of water pressure measurement data, and ensure good test repeatability.

[0046] The device of this invention adopts a cavity-embedded sensor and a pre-set wiring hole for concealed wiring layout, which solves the problems of difficult sensor deployment, messy wiring, and poor sealing and seepage prevention in traditional sensors. It is well-assembled, has good sealing performance, and is suitable for long-term multi-group continuous tests. Moreover, it can carry out multiple sets of parallel comparative tests under geometric conditions while keeping the main structure of the device unchanged. This facilitates the systematic study of the influence of different gap geometric parameters on water pressure distribution and structural uplift force, and is more suitable for the study of hydraulic engineering mechanism and the optimization of design parameters.

[0047] The above description of the present invention is merely an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the preferred embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] The above and other objects, advantages and features of this application will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In all drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0050] Based on the description of the figures and their corresponding technical content in the document, the titles of the figures are as follows:

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for measuring and controlling the geometric conditions of gap water pressure.

[0052] Figure 2 This is an implementation architecture diagram of a method for measuring and controlling the geometric conditions of gap water pressure;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a device for measuring and controlling the geometric conditions of water pressure in a gap. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. In the following description, specific details such as specific configurations and components are provided merely to help fully understand the embodiments of this application. Therefore, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this application. In addition, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of known functions and structures are omitted in the embodiments.

[0055] It should be understood that the phrase "an embodiment" or "this embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, "an embodiment" or "this embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0056] Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples within this application. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0057] In this article, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist simultaneously. The term " / and" in this article describes another type of relationship between related objects, indicating that two relationships can exist. For example, A / and B can mean: A exists alone, and A and B exist alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the related objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship.

[0058] In this article, the term "at least one" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, "at least one of A and B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone.

[0059] It should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0060] Example 1 mainly describes a method for measuring gap water pressure and controlling geometric conditions, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, specifically:

[0061] Before the control begins, the split box, side panels, bottom plate, and sealing components are assembled, locked, and sealed to form a closed simulated gap structure with vertical and bottom seams. The entire device is then connected to the upstream and downstream of the test water tank and sealed with water.

[0062] Multi-location integrated measurement points are set up for gaps, and pressure sensing elements are set up at corresponding positions on vertical gaps, upper surface of structure, and lower surface of bottom gaps. The sensing element lines are led out through the pre-set wire holes in the box and connected to an external data acquisition terminal.

[0063] The modular, replaceable movable blocks are used to allow for the detachable replacement, positioning, and adjustment of the water inlet angle, gap width, and downstream protrusion height.

[0064] After the control begins, the drain hole in the bottom plate is sealed and water is filled into the sealed gap until the cavity is full, the air trapped inside the gap is expelled, and the sensing elements and data acquisition terminal are initially calibrated; the test water tank is controlled to form a stable working condition through the assembled replaceable movable block.

[0065] Simultaneously collect real-time water pressure data at various locations including vertical seams, the upper surface of the structure, and the lower surface of the bottom seams;

[0066] The force on each region is calculated based on the measured pressure and corresponding pressure area of ​​each region, and then the overall lifting force of the structure is obtained by calculating the force difference between the regions.

[0067] After completion, the drainage holes of the bottom plate are opened to drain the water inside the gap. Different sizes of prefabricated movable blocks are replaced to change the geometry of the gap. The process of filling with water, calibration, pressure sampling, and stress calculation is repeated, and comparative tests are conducted under multiple geometric working conditions.

[0068] Furthermore, the entire device is connected to the upstream and downstream of the test tank and sealed with water. Specifically, after forming a closed simulated gap structure containing vertical and bottom seams, the assembled test device is precisely aligned and spliced ​​with the upstream inlet and downstream outlet of the test tank along the water flow direction. The annular joint gap formed by the connection between the device and the tank is tightly filled and sealed with a flexible sealing structure to completely block water leakage and lateral flow at the joint. This ensures that the upstream flow from the tank can be fully controlled and smoothly introduced into the simulated gap cavity, ensuring that the test flow is not disturbed by external leakage.

[0069] Furthermore, the detachable replacement positioning and adjustment specifically involves: removing the original components, replacing them with different configuration adaptable movable blocks to match the working conditions, and using standard fastening connectors for axial limiting, locking, and installation positioning, thereby changing the boundary profile and flow channel shape at the water inlet of the gap; among which, the different configuration angle adaptable movable blocks used to achieve gap geometry adjustment are specifically limited to three types of modular components: variable angle movable blocks for adjusting the water inlet angle, variable gap width movable blocks for adjusting the gap body diameter, and variable sill height movable blocks for adjusting the downstream protrusion height.

[0070] Furthermore, the variable angle movable block, variable gap width movable block, and variable sill height movable block are specifically as follows: the variable angle movable block can be detachably embedded and assembled at the dedicated installation position at the front end of the device's gap water inlet. By replacing the variable angle movable block with different slope configurations as a whole and locking it in place with fasteners, the guiding boundary shape of the gap water inlet is changed, thereby smoothly adjusting the gap water inlet incident angle.

[0071] The variable-width movable block can be detachably installed inside the passageway of the vertical seam and the bottom seam. By replacing the variable-width movable block with different thicknesses, the internal flow gap of the seam can be changed to adapt and adjust the overall passage width of the seam. When it is necessary to adjust the passage width of the bottom seam simultaneously, the side sealing component can be temporarily removed, the variable-width movable block of the corresponding size can be embedded into the seam body, and then the side component can be reinstalled for assembly and fixation.

[0072] The variable sill height movable block can be detachably assembled at the downstream end of the gap. By replacing the variable sill height movable block with different structural vertical heights and locking it in place, the local convex boundary configuration at the downstream end of the gap can be changed, thereby precisely controlling the vertical height and flow boundary shape of the downstream sill structure.

[0073] Furthermore, the trapped air and initial calibration inside the gap are removed. Specifically, water is slowly and steadily injected into the sealed gap cavity using an inward slow water injection method. The entire flow space inside the gap is filled layer by layer in a static natural full filling method. The free air trapped in the corners of the gap cavity, around the measuring points, and in the dead corners of the flow channel is completely removed by the physical method of water being squeezed out layer by layer from top to bottom and from inside to outside.

[0074] After the water inside the gap has settled and the flow has become completely stable, uniform zero-point calibration and initial operating condition calibration are carried out simultaneously on all pressure sensing elements distributed at all points on the vertical gap, the upper surface of the structure and the lower surface of the bottom gap, as well as the data acquisition terminals connected to them. This establishes a unified measurement benchmark without initial deviation for subsequent synchronous pressure acquisition at multiple measurement points.

[0075] Furthermore, the test water tank is regulated to form a stable working condition. Specifically, by aligning and assembling variable angle movable blocks, variable gap width movable blocks, and variable sill height movable blocks, the three work together to limit and solidify the geometric boundary shape of the overall water inlet angle, gap width, and downstream sill height of the gap.

[0076] Based on this, by adjusting the inlet flow rate ratio and overflow return water opening of the test water tank in a coordinated manner, the static water level and dynamic inflow velocity inside the water tank are synergistically tuned and matched to suppress water level fluctuations and flow pulsations, so that the water tank can form a continuous and stable working condition.

[0077] Furthermore, the overall uplift force of the structure is obtained through regional force difference calculation. Specifically, the structure is divided into several independent force calculation regions along the spatial distribution characteristics of the vertical joint, the upper surface of the structure, and the lower surface of the bottom joint. Based on the measured pressure data collected in each independent region and the corresponding defined effective pressure area, the fluid pressure in each independent region is calculated by integrating the static pressure-force relationship. The formula is as follows:

[0078]

[0079] The difference between the forces acting on the corresponding area on the upper surface of the structure and the forces acting on the corresponding area on the lower surface of the bottom seam is calculated. The uplift force on the entire structure under the action of water in the seam is represented and solved using the force difference result. The formula is as follows:

[0080]

[0081] in, For the corresponding area of ​​the upper surface to be subjected to force, The first of the upper surface Pressure in an independent region For the first The area of ​​each independent region This represents the number of independent regions on the upper surface. The corresponding area on the lower surface is subjected to force. The first of the lower surface Pressure in an independent region The first of the lower surface The area of ​​each independent region This represents the number of independent regions on the lower surface. To exert effort for those in power.

[0082] Furthermore, by replacing the prefabricated movable blocks of different specifications to change the geometry of the gap, specifically: after the single-condition test is completed, the drain hole of the bottom plate is opened to allow the water accumulated inside the gap cavity to be completely drained by gravity, and then left to stand for a period of time to allow the residual water on the inner wall of the cavity to drain naturally.

[0083] Throughout the process, the main body frame, side plate assembly relationship, and water-stop structure of the device and the test water tank are kept intact and are not disassembled or modified. Only the variable angle movable block, variable gap width movable block, and variable sill height movable block with matching configuration size are selectively replaced to redefine the geometric boundary conditions such as the water inlet guide angle of the gap, the width of the gap passage and the height of the downstream sill.

[0084] The complete experimental steps of filling and venting the sealed cavity, initial benchmark calibration of the sensing system, synchronous acquisition of water pressure at multiple locations, integral calculation of force in different zones, and calculation of overall lifting force are repeated in sequence. Parallel comparative tests under various geometric boundary conditions are completed in an orderly manner, which facilitates the summarization of the variation law of hydraulic parameters.

[0085] This embodiment details a method for measuring water pressure in a gap and adjusting geometric conditions. A sealed gap structure containing vertical and bottom gaps is formed by assembling components such as the test chamber, side plates, and bottom plate, which is then connected to the test water tank for water sealing. Sensing elements are deployed in multiple areas of the gap and connected to an external data acquisition terminal via wiring holes. Three types of prefabricated movable blocks allow for adjustment of the gap's water inlet angle, gap width, and downstream sill height. After defining the geometric boundaries using the three types of movable blocks, the water tank is adjusted to achieve a stable operating condition, and water pressure data from multiple locations in the gap is collected simultaneously. The force on each zone is calculated based on the zone pressure and pressure area, and the overall structural lifting force is obtained through differential calculation. After completing a single operating condition, the accumulated water is drained, and the main body of the device is not disassembled; only the movable blocks are replaced. Cyclic tests are then conducted to complete comparative testing of multiple geometric operating conditions.

[0086] Example 2, based on Example 1, describes in detail an experimental device for measuring gap water pressure and adjusting geometric conditions, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes an upper housing, a lower housing, a lower base plate, countersunk screws, side plates, variable angle adjustable blocks, variable gap width adjustable blocks, variable sill height adjustable blocks, and sealing blocks, specifically:

[0087] The upper and lower boxes are assembled in a corresponding manner, and two side panels are respectively sealed on the left and right sides of the upper and lower boxes;

[0088] The bottom plate is sealed and assembled at the bottom of the lower box, and the sealing block is sealed and assembled at the end of the gap formed by the combination of the upper box and the lower box;

[0089] The variable angle movable block, variable gap width movable block, and variable sill height movable block can be detachably installed on the preset installation positions of the upper and lower housings using countersunk screws;

[0090] The upper box, lower box, and side panels are all made of transparent acrylic glass.

[0091] The side panels are respectively assembled on the left and right sides of the upper and lower housings, and the sealing blocks are assembled at the ends of the vertical seams and bottom seams.

[0092] Furthermore, the upper housing includes an upper cavity, upper housing pressure measuring holes, upper housing wiring holes, and vertical seams. Specifically, the upper cavity is an integrally formed built-in cavity structure inside the upper housing, and the cavity is completely enclosed. Several upper housing pressure measuring holes are regularly opened at preset intervals on the side walls and inner side panels of the upper housing. Upper housing wiring holes are opened on the side walls of the upper housing corresponding to the layout positions of the upper cavity, and the upper housing wiring holes are interconnected with the interior of the upper cavity. The lower end of the upper housing is vertically aligned and spliced ​​with the upper end of the lower housing, and the sides of the two are joined together to form a vertically oriented, regular, and continuous vertical seam structure.

[0093] Furthermore, the lower housing includes a lower cavity, lower housing pressure testing holes, lower housing wiring holes, and a bottom seam. Specifically, the lower cavity is a pre-formed, closed, built-in cavity structure with a regular overall arrangement. Several lower housing pressure testing holes are opened on the lower housing panel and side walls according to a set arrangement. Lower housing wiring holes are opened on the side walls of the lower housing corresponding to the lower cavity, and the lower housing wiring holes are connected to the interior of the lower cavity. The lower housing is fitted and connected to the lower part of the upper housing and the upper surface of the lower bottom plate, and the three together form a horizontally oriented, interconnected bottom seam structure.

[0094] Furthermore, the bottom plate includes bottom plate pressure testing holes and drainage holes. Specifically, the bottom plate is a flat, integral plate component. Several bottom plate pressure testing holes are evenly arranged in an array along the longitudinal and transverse directions on the surface of the bottom plate. Each bottom plate pressure testing hole is vertically connected along the thickness direction of the bottom plate. In the empty space outside the area where the bottom plate pressure testing hole array is arranged, a drainage hole is separately opened on the bottom plate surface, which is vertically connected to the entire thickness of the plate. The drainage hole is independently arranged from each bottom plate pressure testing hole, and the opening diameter of the drainage hole is larger than the opening diameter of a single set of bottom plate pressure testing holes.

[0095] Furthermore, the side panels are specifically designed as follows: the side panels are vertically oriented, with their inner vertical edges flush and fitted to the left and right end faces of the upper and lower housings, respectively; the side panels have multiple sets of mounting holes spaced apart along their height, with corresponding screw holes machined on the upper and lower housings; countersunk screws pass through the mounting holes on the side panels and are screwed into the corresponding screw holes to achieve a tight fastening and locking effect; the entire joint between the side panels and the upper and lower housings is coated with a sealing and adhesive layer, which is continuously laid along the joint length, forming an integrated, sealed splicing structure between the side panels and the upper and lower housings.

[0096] Furthermore, the variable angle movable block, variable joint width movable block, and variable sill height movable block are modular assembly components that can be disassembled and assembled, specifically as follows:

[0097] The overall shape of the variable angle movable block is adapted to the outline of the water inlet port of the upper tank and is fitted into the installation position of the water inlet of the upper tank. The variable angle movable block plate has fixing holes that match the countersunk screws.

[0098] The variable gap width movable block has an outline that matches the gap section of the vertical gap and the bottom gap. It can be detachably installed in the internal gap space of the vertical gap and the bottom gap. The variable gap width movable block has regular positioning and mounting holes for countersunk screws to be inserted and locked.

[0099] The variable sill height movable block is placed and assembled at the downstream end of the bottom seam. The variable sill height movable block forms a detachable assembled fixed structure with the end component of the lower box body through countersunk screws.

[0100] Furthermore, the detachable modular assembly components are specifically: variable angle movable blocks, variable gap width movable blocks, and variable sill height movable blocks are respectively installed at the water inlet end of the device, inside the gap, and downstream end of the gap. By replacing and disassembling movable block components of different specifications, the water inlet angle, the width of the gap, and the height of the sill protrusion downstream of the gap can be adjusted respectively, allowing for rapid switching and adaptation of multiple geometric shapes of the gap without altering the main structure of the device.

[0101] Furthermore, the sealing block is integrally embedded and sealed at the end port of the gap formed by the vertical seam and the bottom seam. The four end faces of the sealing block are neatly fitted and abutted against the end cross-section of the upper box, the end cross-section of the lower box, and the end cross-section of the lower bottom plate, forming a circumferentially fitted butt joint assembly structure.

[0102] This embodiment details a test device for measuring water pressure in gaps and adjusting geometric conditions, comprising an upper chamber, a lower chamber, a bottom plate, countersunk screws, side plates, variable angle movable blocks, variable gap width movable blocks, variable sill height movable blocks, and sealing blocks. The upper and lower chambers are assembled vertically, the side plates cover both sides, the bottom plate is assembled at the bottom of the lower chamber, and the sealing blocks seal the ends of the gaps. The three types of movable blocks are detachable and installable via countersunk screws to adjust geometric parameters. The upper chamber includes an upper cavity, a pressure measuring hole, a wire hole, and a vertical gap; the lower chamber includes a lower cavity, a pressure measuring hole, a wire hole, and a bottom gap; the bottom plate includes a pressure measuring hole and a drain hole. The side plates are secured and sealed with screws, and the sealing blocks seal the ends of the gaps. The three types of movable blocks can be adjusted by changing their specifications to adjust the inlet angle, gap width, and downstream sill height.

[0103] Example 3, based on Example 1 or 2, describes in detail how the present invention is applied to measure the pressure of the base plate cracks and calculate the lifting force in a certain type of scientific research project when conventional crack water pressure devices are inadequate.

[0104] The application scenario is a scientific research project that requires understanding the water pressure distribution in different cracks around the bottom plate (upper surface, lower surface, and vertical crack) when cracks appear in the bottom plate of the drainage channel, and obtaining the upward force on the bottom plate in order to conduct structural safety assessment and analysis.

[0105] In the target area of ​​the drainage channel (the location to be measured), remove the original structure (side walls and bottom plate), leaving a space equivalent to the length of the device of this invention (equal to or slightly shorter than the bottom plate by a few centimeters). Place the device of this invention in the target area to replace the original structure, and ensure proper connection and waterproofing at the bottom plate and side wall positions. The upper box, lower box, bottom plate, sealing block, and side plate together form a sealed, leak-proof gap structure (vertical seam and bottom seam).

[0106] The lower part of this device needs to be suspended to allow the sensor wires to be routed out. This device can be rigidly supported and fixed by steel brackets or pillars (as long as it does not obstruct the sensor wires).

[0107] Pressure sensors are installed in the lower cavity to measure the water pressure on the upper surface of the base plate, in the upper cavity to measure the water pressure in the vertical seam, and in the lower base plate to measure the water pressure on the lower surface (within the seam). The design of the upper and lower cavities enables the measurement of water pressure on the upper surface and in the vertical seam, and the design of the wiring holes solves the problem of difficult external connection of the pressure sensor wires. The overall solution allows for the measurement and control of water pressure at different locations within the seam in this type of research project.

[0108] Once the pressure on the upper and lower surfaces is measured, the water pressure on the upper and lower surfaces can be calculated based on the point pressure value and the control area. Subtracting the pressure on the upper surface from the pressure on the lower surface will give a more accurate lifting force value.

[0109]

[0110] When it is necessary to understand the impact of the incident angle on the distribution of water pressure and the lifting force in the crack, changing the angle-changing movable block and fixing it with countersunk screws can achieve a change in the crack incident angle (θ = 5°~90°). This eliminates the need to reconstruct the upper casing structure and install it (which usually takes several days), making it quick and easy, typically requiring only a few minutes, greatly saving time and material costs. The prefabricated angle-changing movable block allows for rapid angle switching.

[0111] When it is necessary to understand the impact of sill height on the distribution of water pressure and the uplift force in the crack, changing the variable sill height movable block and fixing it with countersunk screws can achieve changes in the downstream protrusion height of the crack (H = 1.0mm~50mm). This eliminates the need to rebuild the lower casing structure and install it (which usually takes several days), making it quick and easy, typically requiring only a few minutes, significantly saving time and material costs. Prefabricated variable sill height movable blocks allow for rapid sill height switching.

[0112] When it's necessary to understand the impact of joint width on the distribution of water pressure and the lifting force in the joint, changing the joint width variable block and fixing it with countersunk screws allows for changes in crack width (B = 0.5mm~50mm). This eliminates the need to reconstruct the upper and lower casing structures and installation (which usually takes several days), offering a quick and convenient solution that typically takes only a few minutes, significantly saving time and material costs. When the bottom joint width also needs to be changed simultaneously, one side panel needs to be removed, and the corresponding prefabricated joint width variable block inserted into the bottom joint. This takes slightly longer, but compared to reconstructing the upper and lower casings, it still saves a considerable amount of time and materials. The prefabricated joint width variable block allows for rapid joint width switching.

[0113] Furthermore, when factors such as the incident angle, sill height, and crack width need to be changed simultaneously, the variable angle movable block, variable sill height movable block, and variable crack width movable block can be combined and changed without the need to remake a new measuring device or carry out complicated installation procedures. This allows for the rapid and accurate adjustment of crack geometry parameters, greatly simplifying the manufacturing and installation process of the test device and saving costs and time.

[0114] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, integrations, and parameter changes made to these embodiments within the spirit and principles of the present invention, without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, through conventional substitutions or to achieve the same function, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring gap water pressure and controlling geometric conditions, characterized in that, include: Before the control begins, the split box, side panels, bottom plate, and sealing components are assembled, locked, and sealed to form a closed simulated gap structure with vertical and bottom seams. The entire device is then connected to the upstream and downstream of the test water tank and sealed with water. Multi-location integrated measurement points are set up for gaps, and pressure sensing elements are set up at corresponding positions on vertical gaps, upper surface of structure, and lower surface of bottom gaps. The sensing element lines are led out through the pre-set wire holes in the box and connected to an external data acquisition terminal. The modular, replaceable movable blocks are used to allow for the detachable replacement, positioning, and adjustment of the water inlet angle, gap width, and downstream protrusion height. After the control begins, the drain hole in the bottom plate is sealed and water is filled into the sealed gap until the cavity is full, the air trapped inside the gap is expelled, and the sensing elements and data acquisition terminal are initially calibrated; the test water tank is controlled to form a stable working condition through the assembled replaceable movable block. Simultaneously collect real-time water pressure data at various locations including vertical seams, the upper surface of the structure, and the lower surface of the bottom seams; The force on each region is calculated based on the measured pressure and corresponding pressure area of ​​each region, and then the overall lifting force of the structure is obtained by calculating the force difference between the regions. After completion, the drainage holes of the bottom plate are opened to drain the water inside the gap. Different sizes of prefabricated movable blocks are replaced to change the geometry of the gap. The process of filling with water, calibration, pressure sampling, and stress calculation is repeated, and comparative tests are conducted under multiple geometric working conditions.

2. The method for measuring gap water pressure and adjusting geometric conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of connecting the overall device to the upstream and downstream of the test water tank and sealing it with water is as follows: After forming a closed simulated gap structure containing vertical and bottom seams, the assembled overall test device is precisely aligned and spliced ​​with the upstream inlet and downstream outlet of the test water tank along the water flow direction. The joint gap between the device and the water tank is sealed tightly with a sealing structure to prevent water leakage and side flow at the joint, so that the water flow from the water tank can be completely controlled and guided into the simulated gap.

3. The method for measuring gap water pressure and adjusting geometric conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detachable replacement positioning and adjustment specifically involves changing the boundary shape of the water inlet in the gap by replacing the angle-adapting movable blocks of different configurations and using fastening connectors for limiting, locking and positioning fixation. The angle-adapting movable blocks of different configurations include variable angle movable blocks, variable gap width movable blocks and variable sill height movable blocks.

4. The method for measuring gap water pressure and adjusting geometric conditions according to claim 3, characterized in that, The variable angle movable block, variable gap width movable block, and variable sill height movable block are specifically: the variable angle movable block can be detachably assembled at the front end of the water inlet of the device gap. By replacing the variable angle movable block with different configurations and locking it in place with fasteners, the shape of the water inlet boundary of the gap can be changed and the water inlet incident angle of the gap can be adjusted. The variable gap width movable block is embedded inside the passage path of the gap. By replacing the variable gap width movable block of different specifications, the passage spacing inside the gap can be changed, and the overall width of the gap can be adjusted. When adjusting the width of the bottom gap, the side sealing component is disassembled and the corresponding variable gap width movable block is inserted for assembly and fixation. The variable sill height movable block is assembled at the downstream end of the gap. By replacing the variable sill height movable block with different structural heights and locking it in place, the protruding boundary configuration at the downstream end of the gap is changed, thereby adjusting the height of the downstream sill structure.

5. The method for measuring gap water pressure and adjusting geometric conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of removing trapped air and initial calibration is as follows: water is slowly added to the sealed cavity using an inward injection method to fill the entire cavity with static full filling, and trapped air is completely removed from all parts of the cavity by water being discharged layer by layer. After the water inside the gap has settled and stabilized, zero-point and initial working condition calibrations are carried out simultaneously on all types of sensing elements distributed on the vertical gap, the upper surface of the structure, and the lower surface of the bottom gap, as well as the data acquisition terminals that are adapted to and connected to them, to establish a unified measurement benchmark.

6. The method for measuring gap water pressure and adjusting geometric conditions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The controlled test water tank forms a stable working condition by: assembling and arranging variable angle movable blocks, variable gap width movable blocks and variable sill height movable blocks respectively, which together define and construct the overall geometric boundary shape of the gap. Based on this, by adjusting the inlet water ratio and overflow return water opening of the test water tank, the water level and inflow velocity in the water tank are coordinated and adjusted to make the water tank form a continuous and stable constant flow condition.

7. The method for measuring gap water pressure and adjusting geometric conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of obtaining the overall structural uplift force through regional force difference calculation is as follows: Independent force calculation regions are divided along the vertical joint, the upper surface of the structure, and the lower surface of the bottom joint. Based on the measured pressure and corresponding effective pressure area of ​​each region, the fluid pressure on each independent region is calculated using static force relationships. The formula is: The difference between the forces acting on the corresponding area on the upper surface of the structure and the forces acting on the corresponding area on the lower surface of the bottom seam is calculated. The uplift force on the entire structure under the action of water in the seam is represented and solved using the force difference result. The formula is as follows: in, For the corresponding area of ​​the upper surface to be subjected to force, The first of the upper surface Pressure in an independent region For the first The area of ​​each independent region This represents the number of independent regions on the upper surface. The corresponding area on the lower surface is subjected to force. The first of the lower surface Pressure in an independent region The first of the lower surface The area of ​​each independent region This represents the number of independent regions on the lower surface. To exert effort for those in power.

8. The method for measuring gap water pressure and adjusting geometric conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The change of the gap geometry by replacing the prefabricated movable blocks of different specifications is specifically as follows: open the drainage hole of the bottom plate to completely drain the water inside the gap cavity and let it stand to drain. Keep the main frame of the device and the water-stopping structure intact and do not disassemble or modify them. Selectively replace the variable angle movable block, variable gap width movable block, and variable sill height movable block with matching configuration, and redefine the geometric boundary conditions such as the gap water inlet angle, gap width dimension and downstream sill height. The complete test steps of filling the cavity with water, initial calibration of the sensing system, synchronous acquisition of water pressure at multiple locations, calculation of zoned force and overall lifting force were repeated in sequence to complete parallel comparative tests under various geometric boundary conditions.

9. A test device for measuring and adjusting the geometric conditions of gap water pressure, used to implement the method for measuring and adjusting the geometric conditions of gap water pressure as described in any one of claims 1-9, comprising an upper chamber, a lower chamber, a lower base plate, countersunk screws, a side plate, a variable angle movable block, a variable gap width movable block, a variable sill height movable block, and a sealing block; The upper and lower boxes are assembled in a corresponding manner, and two side panels are respectively sealed on the left and right sides of the upper and lower boxes; The bottom plate is sealed and assembled at the bottom of the lower box, and the sealing block is sealed and assembled at the end of the gap formed by the combination of the upper box and the lower box; The variable angle movable block, variable gap width movable block, and variable sill height movable block are detachably installed on the preset installation positions of the upper and lower boxes using countersunk screws. The side panels are respectively assembled on the left and right sides of the upper and lower housings, and the sealing blocks are assembled at the ends of the vertical seam and the bottom seam.

10. The experimental device for measuring gap water pressure and adjusting geometric conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable angle movable block, variable joint width movable block, and variable sill height movable block are detachable modular assembly components, specifically: The overall shape of the variable angle movable block is adapted to the outline of the water inlet port of the upper tank and is fitted into the installation position of the water inlet of the upper tank. The variable angle movable block plate is provided with fixing and mounting holes that match the countersunk screws. The variable gap width movable block has an outer contour that matches the gap section of the vertical gap and the bottom gap. It can be detachably installed in the internal gap space of the vertical gap and the bottom gap. The variable gap width movable block has regular positioning and mounting holes for countersunk screws to be inserted and locked. The variable sill height movable block is placed and assembled at the downstream end of the bottom seam. The variable sill height movable block forms a detachable assembled fixed structure with the end component of the lower box body through countersunk screws. The variable angle movable block, variable gap width movable block, and variable sill height movable block are respectively installed at the water inlet end of the device, inside the gap, and downstream end of the gap. By replacing and disassembling movable block components of different specifications, the water inlet angle, the width of the gap, and the height of the sill protrusion downstream of the gap can be adjusted respectively, so as to quickly switch and adapt multiple geometric shapes of the gap without changing the main structure of the device.

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