Special water pollution reduction and water saving type micro filter for aquaculture by controlling backwash flow through variable pressure

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of aquaculture machinery, in particular to a breeding special water pollution reduction water-saving type micro-filter capable of controlling backwashing flow by changing pressure, which comprises a rack, a filtering rotary drum, a driving motor, a backwashing water pump, a backwashing nozzle, a differential pressure sensor and a programmable controller, the filtering rotary drum is installed on the rack and is used for solid-liquid separation of water, the driving motor is in transmission cooperation with the filtering rotary drum to drive the filtering rotary drum to rotate, the differential pressure sensor is used for detecting the pressure difference between the water inlet side and the water outlet side of the filtering rotary drum and outputting a detection signal, and the backwashing water pump is in pipeline communication with the backwashing nozzle. In the breeding special water pollution reduction water-saving type micro-filter capable of controlling backwashing flow by changing pressure, the backwashing pressure and flow can be dynamically adjusted according to the filter screen blocking rate, the light blocking and the heavy blocking are distinguished to match corresponding washing intensity, and the problems of excessive washing, water resource and electric energy waste of traditional equipment are completely solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture machinery technology, and more specifically, to a water-saving microfiltration machine for aquaculture that reduces water pollution and saves water by controlling the backwash flow rate through pressure variation. Background Technology

[0002] As the core solid-liquid separation equipment in recirculating aquaculture systems, the water consumption and energy consumption of the backwashing process of microfilters are the core indicators for evaluating the overall performance of the equipment. The current domestic industry standard "SC-T6055-2015 Microfilters for Aquaculture Water Treatment Equipment" only specifies the basic functions and testing methods of microfilters, and does not put forward optimization requirements for backwashing control strategies and water-saving and energy-saving methods.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream control modes for microfiltration machines in the industry are timed backwashing and constant pressure difference backwashing. The relevant technologies have been disclosed by a number of existing patents. Among them, the reference document selected is publication number CN104765389A (Microfiltration Machine Liquid Level Control Device and Control Method Based on Microfiltration Machine Liquid Level). This patent discloses that the rotary drum microfiltration machine uses a mechanical timed method to control the start and stop of backwashing. It also discloses a technical solution that triggers backwashing based on the liquid level difference (equivalent pressure difference) on both sides of the filter screen. It is the closest existing technology in this field.

[0004] The technical solutions described in the aforementioned comparative documents have significant technical flaws: First, the timed backwashing mode relies on manually preset fixed time intervals to initiate backwashing, making it impossible to perceive the actual clogging status of the filter screen in real time. When the water quality in the aquaculture water is excellent and the filter screen clogging rate is slow, excessive backwashing occurs, needlessly consuming a large amount of backwashing water and electricity. When the water quality suddenly deteriorates and dirt adheres rapidly, causing the filter screen to become more clogged, the fixed flushing interval will lead to a delay in backwashing initiation, resulting in decreased filtration efficiency and even causing problems such as malfunctions in the circulating water system and deterioration of the aquaculture water quality. Second, the backwashing scheme in this patent, which is triggered by liquid level difference (pressure difference), uses fixed values ​​for parameters such as backwashing water pressure and flushing time, which cannot match the different degrees of clogging of the filter screen. For mildly clogged filters, a fixed high rinsing intensity will cause additional waste of water and electricity; for severely clogged filters, a fixed rinsing intensity is not enough to completely remove stubborn dirt from the filters. If a single cleaning is not thorough, backwashing needs to be repeatedly started, which not only further increases the total water consumption and equipment operating load, but also interferes with the normal operation of other processes in the circulating water treatment system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water-saving microfiltration machine for aquaculture that reduces water pollution by controlling the backwash flow rate through variable pressure. This addresses the problem of backwashing modes using timed control, which rely on manual preset time intervals for backwashing and cannot detect the actual clogging status of the filter screen in real time. Furthermore, when the aquaculture water quality is excellent and the filter screen clogging rate is slow, excessive backwashing occurs, unnecessarily consuming large amounts of backwash water and electricity.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a water-saving microfiltration machine for aquaculture that reduces water pollution by controlling backwash flow rate through pressure variation. The machine includes a frame, a filter drum, a drive motor, a backwash water pump, backwash nozzles, a differential pressure sensor, and a programmable controller. The filter drum is mounted on the frame and used for solid-liquid separation of water. The drive motor drives the filter drum in a transmission relationship. The differential pressure sensor detects the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet sides of the filter drum and outputs a detection signal. The backwash water pump is connected to the backwash nozzles via a pipeline. The backwash nozzles are positioned towards the filter drum to perform backwashing operations. The programmable controller determines the backwashing start time based on the detection signal from the differential pressure sensor and dynamically adjusts the output water pressure of the backwash water pump based on the time interval between two adjacent backwashes to adapt to the cleaning needs of different filter screen clogging states.

[0007] This setup integrates the main structure of the microfilter with an adaptive variable pressure backwashing control system. It can dynamically adjust the backwashing water pressure according to the actual fouling condition of the filter screen, effectively reducing backwashing water consumption and equipment operating energy consumption while ensuring the cleaning effect of the filter screen. It solves the problem that traditional microfilter flushing modes cannot adapt to different fouling conditions.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the differential pressure sensor is electrically connected to the programmable controller to transmit detection signals, the programmable controller has built-in control logic and outputs control commands, and the backwash water pump is electrically connected to the programmable controller and adjusts the output water pressure according to the control commands.

[0009] This setup enables stable signal transmission and command interaction between various electrical components, ensuring timely transmission of pressure detection signals and accurate issuance of control commands, thus allowing the entire backwashing control process to operate continuously and reliably.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the backwash water pump is equipped with a frequency converter, which is electrically connected to the backwash water pump and the programmable controller. The frequency converter is equipped with a speed closed-loop adjustment unit, which collects the speed of the backwash water pump in real time and performs dynamic correction to stabilize the output water pressure and outflow of the backwash water pump.

[0011] This setting uses a frequency converter and a built-in closed-loop speed control unit to correct the water pump speed in real time, which can continuously stabilize the water pressure and water flow in the backwash pipeline and avoid uneven cleaning effect caused by water pressure fluctuations.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the programmable controller integrates a data storage unit and a timing unit. The data storage unit is used to store the backwash start time, threshold parameters, and pressure parameters. The timing unit retrieves the timing data in the data storage unit and calculates the time interval between two adjacent backwashes. The timing unit sends the calculation result to the logic judgment module of the programmable controller to complete the parameter comparison. The programmable controller also has a parameter correction unit and a working condition statistics unit. The working condition statistics unit collects and summarizes working condition data such as the number of backwashes and the duration of working modes during equipment operation. The parameter correction unit adaptively adjusts the preset threshold and reference time interval based on the data from the working condition statistics unit.

[0013] This setup relies on the data storage unit and timing unit to complete the recording of time-series data, calculation of time intervals, and comparison of parameters. At the same time, it achieves adaptive optimization of control parameters through the operating condition statistics unit and parameter correction unit, so that the equipment control logic can adapt to the long-term and ever-changing operating conditions of aquaculture water bodies.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the programmable controller is configured with two working modes: a low-pressure cleaning mode and a high-pressure cleaning mode. The two working modes output different pressure setting values. The programmable controller switches the corresponding working mode according to the comparison result of the time interval and the preset reference time interval. The pressure setting value corresponding to the high-pressure cleaning mode is greater than the pressure setting value corresponding to the low-pressure cleaning mode.

[0015] This setting offers two cleaning pressure modes, high and low, which can be switched automatically. Low-pressure cleaning is used for light clogging to reduce water and energy consumption, while high-pressure cleaning is used for heavy clogging to ensure effective removal of dirt, achieving a precise match between rinsing intensity and degree of clogging.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the differential pressure sensor adopts a differential pressure acquisition structure, which includes two independent signal acquisition channels. The two signal acquisition channels correspond to the water inlet area and the water outlet area of ​​the filter drum, respectively. The differential pressure sensor integrates a signal amplification unit, which amplifies the pressure difference electrical signal before transmitting it outward.

[0017] This setup utilizes a differential acquisition structure to accurately capture the pressure difference across the filter, and combines it with a signal amplification unit to enhance weak detection signals, thereby improving the accuracy of pressure data acquisition and the stability of signal transmission.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drive shaft of the drive motor is equipped with a friction wheel, and the outer wall of the filter drum is equipped with a friction ring. The friction wheel and the friction ring cooperate to drive the filter drum to rotate.

[0019] This setup uses a friction drive structure to transmit power between the drive motor and the filter drum. The transmission structure is simple and reliable, with minimal vibration during operation, ensuring smooth operation of the filter drum.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the backwash nozzle is configured as a full-area spray structure, which includes interconnected diversion chambers and directional water outlet channels, wherein the directional water outlet channels guide water flow to uniformly cover the filter screen area of ​​the filter drum.

[0021] This setup utilizes a diversion chamber and directional water outlet channels to create a full-area spray effect, allowing the flushing water to completely cover the filter surface, eliminating blind spots and improving the overall quality of backwashing operations.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the programmable controller has a built-in anti-false triggering logic unit. The anti-false triggering logic unit filters the pressure detection signal that changes instantaneously. After a single backwashing operation is completed, the programmable controller automatically resets the timing data and continuously monitors the output signal of the differential pressure sensor. The completion of a single backwashing operation is determined by the differential pressure falling back to a preset reference value.

[0023] This setting can filter out interference caused by instantaneous fluctuations in pressure signals, prevent the equipment from accidentally starting backwashing operations, and automatically reset the monitoring status after each cleaning cycle to ensure continuous and stable operation of the equipment.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a proportional valve is installed on the pipeline between the backwash water pump and the backwash nozzle. The proportional valve is electrically connected to the programmable controller and receives control commands. The proportional valve has a built-in throttling regulating valve core and a pressure feedback component. The pressure feedback component collects the pipeline water pressure and transmits it back to the programmable controller, which works with the frequency converter to achieve coordinated regulation of water pressure and flow.

[0025] This setting collects pipeline water pressure in real time through a proportional valve and forms a feedback loop, which works in conjunction with the frequency converter to achieve dual regulation of water pressure and flow, further improving the control accuracy of backwash pressure and flow.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This water-saving microfiltration machine for aquaculture, which controls backwash flow through variable pressure, addresses many shortcomings of existing microfiltration machines that use timed backwashing and fixed-parameter, constant-pressure-difference backwashing, achieving multiple technical benefits. This technology dynamically adjusts backwash pressure and flow based on the filter clogging rate, differentiating between light and heavy clogging and matching corresponding flushing intensities. This completely solves the problems of excessive flushing, water and energy waste associated with traditional equipment, achieving significant water and energy savings.

[0027] 2. This aquaculture-specific water pollution reduction and water-saving microfilter, which controls the backwash flow rate through variable pressure, can sense changes in the aquaculture water quality in real time, automatically switch the cleaning mode, and precisely match the cleaning intensity with the actual clogging state of the filter screen. A single cleaning can complete the removal of dirt, avoiding repeated backwashing and ensuring the stable operation of the circulating water treatment system.

[0028] 3. This aquaculture-specific water-saving microfiltration machine, which controls backwash flow through variable pressure, upgrades its functions using existing sensing and control components. This requires minimal hardware modifications and has low implementation costs. It also incorporates signal amplification, closed-loop regulation, and anti-false triggering structures to improve operational stability and control precision. Friction drive and full-area spray design further ensure the quality of filtration and cleaning operations, reduce component wear, and effectively extend the overall service life of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control connection of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the filter drum in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the backwash nozzle in this invention; The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows: 1. Frame; 2. Filter drum; 3. Drive motor; 4. Backwash water pump; 5. Backwash nozzle; 51. Diverter chamber; 52. Directional outlet channel; 6. Differential pressure sensor; 7. Programmable controller; 8. Frequency converter; 9. Proportional valve. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] This invention provides a water-saving microfiltration machine for aquaculture that reduces water pollution and saves water by controlling the backwash flow rate through variable pressure, such as... Figures 1-4 As shown, the system includes a frame 1, a filter drum 2, a drive motor 3, a backwash water pump 4, backwash nozzles 5, a differential pressure sensor 6, and a programmable controller 7. The filter drum 2 is mounted on the frame 1 and is used for solid-liquid separation of water. The drive motor 3 is driven by the filter drum 2. The differential pressure sensor 6 is used to detect the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet sides of the filter drum 2 and outputs a detection signal. The backwash water pump 4 is connected to the backwash nozzles 5 in a pipeline. The backwash nozzles 5 are arranged facing the filter drum 2 to perform backwashing operations. The programmable controller 7 determines the backwashing start time based on the detection signal from the differential pressure sensor 6 and dynamically adjusts the output water pressure of the backwash water pump 4 in combination with the time interval between two adjacent backwashes to adapt to the cleaning needs of different filter screen clogging states.

[0032] The frame 1 provides stable support for the filter drum 2, drive motor 3, backwash water pump 4, backwash nozzle 5, and differential pressure sensor 6. The programmable controller 7 is independently arranged and connected to each electrical component. The whole machine has a compact structure and each component has a clear division of labor. It can fully realize the entire operation process of aquaculture water filtration, differential pressure monitoring, and variable pressure backwashing. Relying on the dynamic water pressure adjustment mode, it can effectively adapt to different clogging conditions of the filter screen and reduce water and energy consumption.

[0033] In this embodiment, the differential pressure sensor 6 is electrically connected to the programmable controller 7 to transmit detection signals. The programmable controller 7 has built-in control logic and outputs control commands. The backwash water pump 4 is electrically connected to the programmable controller 7 and adjusts the output water pressure according to the control commands.

[0034] The differential pressure sensor 6 transmits the collected pressure detection signal to the programmable controller 7 in real time, ensuring the continuity of data transmission. The programmable controller 7 completes the calculation and judgment based on its internal control logic and then issues instructions. The backwash water pump 4 adjusts its working state according to the instructions. The entire electrical connection architecture ensures that the signal transmission and instruction execution are stable and reliable throughout the process, realizing the closed-loop operation of detection, control and execution.

[0035] In this embodiment, the backwash water pump 4 is equipped with a frequency converter 8. The frequency converter 8 is electrically connected to the backwash water pump 4 and the programmable controller 7. The frequency converter 8 has a speed closed-loop adjustment unit inside. The speed closed-loop adjustment unit collects the speed of the backwash water pump 4 in real time and performs dynamic correction, thereby stabilizing the output water pressure and outflow of the backwash water pump 4.

[0036] The frequency converter 8 serves as an intermediate regulating component, connecting the programmable controller 7 and the backwash water pump 4. The speed closed-loop regulating unit collects speed data in real time and performs dynamic correction, which can offset the speed fluctuations during the operation of the water pump, keeping the water pressure and flow rate output by the backwash water pump 4 constant, ensuring uniform backwashing intensity, and improving the overall cleaning effect of the filter screen.

[0037] In this embodiment, the programmable controller 7 integrates a data storage unit and a timing unit. The data storage unit stores the backwash start time, threshold parameters, and pressure parameters. The timing unit retrieves the timing data in the data storage unit and calculates the time interval between two adjacent backwashes. The timing unit sends the calculation result to the logic judgment module of the programmable controller to complete the parameter comparison. The programmable controller 7 also has a parameter correction unit and a working condition statistics unit. The working condition statistics unit collects and summarizes working condition data such as the number of backwashes and the duration of working modes during equipment operation. The parameter correction unit adaptively adjusts the preset threshold and reference time interval based on the data from the working condition statistics unit.

[0038] The data storage unit completes the long-term storage of various operating parameters and time-series data. The timing unit, together with the logic judgment module, completes the time interval calculation and parameter comparison, providing data basis for water pressure regulation. The operating condition statistics unit continuously summarizes the equipment operating data. The parameter correction unit autonomously optimizes the preset parameters based on the operating data, so that the programmable controller 7 can adapt to the long-term changing operating conditions of aquaculture water and improve the equipment's self-adaptability.

[0039] In this embodiment, the programmable controller 7 is configured with two working modes: low-pressure cleaning mode and high-pressure cleaning mode. The low-pressure cleaning mode is set to a pressure of 0.25 MPa, and the high-pressure cleaning mode is set to a pressure of 0.6 MPa. The two working modes output different pressure setting values. The programmable controller 7 switches the corresponding working mode according to the comparison result between the time interval and the preset reference time interval. The pressure setting value corresponding to the high-pressure cleaning mode is greater than the pressure setting value corresponding to the low-pressure cleaning mode.

[0040] The two cleaning modes are distinguished by different output pressures. The programmable controller 7 automatically switches the working mode according to the filter clogging rate. Light clogging uses low-pressure cleaning to reduce water and power consumption, while heavy clogging uses high-pressure cleaning to ensure the removal of dirt, achieving a precise match between cleaning intensity and filter clogging degree.

[0041] In this embodiment, the differential pressure sensor 6 adopts a differential pressure acquisition structure, which includes two independent signal acquisition channels. The two signal acquisition channels correspond to the water inlet area and water outlet area of ​​the filter drum 2, respectively. The differential pressure sensor 6 integrates a signal amplification unit, which amplifies the pressure difference electrical signal before transmitting it outward.

[0042] Two independent signal acquisition channels can accurately acquire pressure data from the inlet and outlet areas of the filter drum 2, respectively. The differential pressure acquisition structure can accurately calculate the pressure difference between the two sides. The signal amplification unit amplifies weak electrical signals, reduces the influence of external electromagnetic interference, and improves the accuracy of differential pressure detection and the stability of signal transmission.

[0043] Specifically, the drive shaft of the drive motor 3 is equipped with a friction wheel, and the outer wall of the filter drum 2 is equipped with a friction ring. The friction wheel and the friction ring cooperate to drive the filter drum 2 to rotate.

[0044] The friction wheel rotates synchronously with the drive motor 3, and drives the friction ring on the outer wall of the filter drum 2 to rotate by friction. This friction transmission structure is simple to assemble, has low operating noise, and has good overload buffer performance. It can effectively avoid equipment damage caused by component jamming, while ensuring that the filter drum 2 rotates at a uniform speed and maintains stable filtration efficiency.

[0045] In this embodiment, the backwash nozzle 5 is configured as a full-area spray structure, which includes a diversion chamber 51 and a directional water outlet channel 52 that are interconnected. The directional water outlet channel 52 guides the water flow to evenly cover the filter screen area of ​​the filter drum 2.

[0046] The diversion chamber 51 distributes the water flow into the backwash nozzle 5 evenly, and the directional water outlet channel 52 changes the direction of the water jet, so that the flushing water can fully cover the filter screen area of ​​the filter drum 2, eliminate cleaning blind spots, and ensure that all dirt attached to the filter screen can be effectively flushed away.

[0047] In this embodiment, the programmable controller 7 has a built-in anti-false triggering logic unit. The anti-false triggering logic unit filters the pressure detection signal that changes instantaneously. After a single backwashing operation is completed, the programmable controller 7 automatically resets the timing data and continuously monitors the output signal of the differential pressure sensor 6. The completion of a single backwashing operation is determined by the differential pressure falling back to a preset reference value.

[0048] The anti-false triggering logic unit can identify instantaneous pressure change signals caused by factors such as water disturbance and equipment vibration, block invalid trigger commands, prevent the equipment from accidentally starting backwashing operations, and automatically reset the timing data and restore the monitoring status after a single cleaning is completed, ensuring uninterrupted operation of the equipment.

[0049] In this embodiment, a proportional valve 9 is installed on the pipeline between the backwash water pump 4 and the backwash nozzle 5. The proportional valve 9 is electrically connected to the programmable controller 7 and receives control commands. The proportional valve 9 has a built-in throttling regulating valve core and a pressure feedback component. The pressure feedback component collects the pipeline water pressure and transmits it back to the programmable controller 7. It works with the frequency converter 8 to achieve coordinated regulation of water pressure and flow.

[0050] The throttling regulating valve core is used to change the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline to regulate the water flow rate. The pressure feedback component collects the pipeline water pressure in real time and sends it back to the programmable controller 7 to form a feedback loop. The proportional valve 9 and the frequency converter 8 work together to coordinate and regulate the water pressure and flow rate from two dimensions: speed and pipeline flow, further improving the control accuracy of the backwashing parameters.

[0051] In use, the filter drum 2, drive motor 3, and backwash water pump 4 are first assembled and fixed in sequence at the preset positions on the frame 1. The friction wheel at the end of the drive motor 3 is adjusted to make it fit tightly against the friction ring on the outer wall of the filter drum 2. The two signal acquisition channels of the differential pressure sensor 6 are respectively installed on the inlet and outlet sides of the filter drum 2 to complete the sensor component layout. The pipelines between the backwash water pump 4, the proportional valve 9, and the backwash nozzle 5 are connected to ensure unobstructed water flow. The programmable controller 7 is installed in the electrical control area outside the frame 1. The electrical wiring between the programmable controller 7 and the differential pressure sensor 6, drive motor 3, backwash water pump 4, frequency converter 8, and proportional valve 9 is completed in sequence. All wiring connections are checked to ensure they are secure, and the overall equipment installation is completed.

[0052] After the equipment is installed, commissioning work is carried out: connect the main power supply of the equipment, start the programmable controller 7, check the operating status of the data storage unit, timing unit, and anti-false trigger logic unit, and confirm that each functional unit can work normally; artificially simulate the filter pressure difference change, test the signal acquisition and transmission function of the differential pressure sensor 6, and verify whether the logic judgment and working mode switching function of the programmable controller 7 are normal; switch between low pressure cleaning mode and high pressure cleaning mode respectively, and test the adjustment response speed and adjustment accuracy of the frequency converter 8 and the proportional valve 9. After commissioning, the equipment enters the standby monitoring state.

[0053] Once the system is in operation, the aquaculture circulating water continuously flows into the equipment and passes through the filter drum 2 to complete the solid-liquid separation process, with the clean water flowing out. The differential pressure sensor 6 collects the pressure difference between the two sides of the filter drum 2 in real time and continuously transmits the electrical signal to the programmable controller 7. When the pressure difference reaches the preset cleaning start threshold, the programmable controller 7 records the start time of this backwash and simultaneously issues a command to start the drive motor 3 and the backwash water pump 4.

[0054] The programmable controller 7 retrieves the last backwash start time. When the equipment performs backwash for the first time, there is no historical start time, and the low-pressure cleaning mode is used by default. The controller calculates the time interval between two backwashes through the timing unit and compares the calculation result with the preset reference time interval. If the time interval is greater than or equal to the reference time interval, the equipment switches to low-pressure cleaning mode, and the frequency converter 8 and the proportional valve 9 work together to output low-pressure water flow to complete the cleaning. If the time interval is less than the reference time interval, the equipment switches to high-pressure cleaning mode, increases the pipeline water pressure to complete high-intensity cleaning, and the backwash nozzles 5 of the full-area spray structure thoroughly rinse the filter screen to remove attached dirt.

[0055] After a single backwash operation is completed, the programmable controller 7 automatically resets the timing data and re-enters the differential pressure monitoring state, continuously repeating the above-mentioned filtration, monitoring, and variable pressure backwashing process. During operation, the operating condition statistics unit summarizes the operating data such as the backwash interval and differential pressure peak in real time. The parameter correction unit has built-in adaptive adjustment logic: when the time interval of N consecutive backwashes is less than the preset reference time interval T0, it is determined that the concentration of impurities in the influent is too high, and the high-pressure cleaning mode setting pressure is increased and the reference time interval is shortened simultaneously; when the time interval of M consecutive backwashes is greater than the preset reference time interval T0, it is determined that the cleanliness of the influent is high, and the cleaning setting pressure is decreased and the reference time interval is extended simultaneously. The anti-false triggering logic unit continuously filters instantaneous pressure interference signals to ensure stable operation of the equipment around the clock. In this embodiment, N is 3 and M is 5.

[0056] When the aquaculture operation is completed and the equipment needs to be stopped, first close the main water inlet valve of the equipment. After the residual water inside the equipment has been filtered, issue a stop command through the programmable controller 7 to shut down the backwash water pump 4 and drive motor 3 in sequence, and then cut off the main power supply of the equipment. Disassemble all electrical lines and connecting pipes, and disassemble and organize components such as differential pressure sensor 6, backwash nozzle 5, frequency converter 8, and proportional valve 9 in sequence. Classify and store all parts, and clean and maintain the structure such as filter drum 2 and frame 1. The entire equipment operation process is then completed.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the differential pressure sensor 6 and other electronic components in this embodiment are all general standard parts or parts known to those skilled in the art. Their structure and principle can be learned by those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods. In the idle part of this device, all the above-mentioned electrical components are connected by wires. The specific connection method should refer to the working order of each electrical component in the above working principle to complete the electrical connection. All of these are technologies known in the art.

[0058] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A water-saving microfiltration machine for aquaculture, characterized by reducing water pollution and controlling backwash flow rate through variable pressure, wherein: The system includes a frame (1), a filter drum (2), a drive motor (3), a backwash water pump (4), a backwash nozzle (5), a differential pressure sensor (6), and a programmable controller (7). The filter drum (2) is mounted on the frame (1) and is used for solid-liquid separation of water. The drive motor (3) is driven by the filter drum (2). The differential pressure sensor (6) is used to detect the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet sides of the filter drum (2) and output a detection signal. The backwash water pump (4) is connected to the backwash nozzle (5) in a pipeline. The backwash nozzle (5) is arranged facing the filter drum (2) to perform backwashing operations. The programmable controller (7) determines the backwashing start time based on the detection signal of the differential pressure sensor (6) and dynamically adjusts the output water pressure of the backwash water pump (4) in combination with the time interval between two adjacent backwashes to adapt to the cleaning needs of different clogging states of the filter screen.

2. The aquaculture-specific water pollution reduction and water-saving microfiltration machine with variable pressure control of backwash flow rate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The differential pressure sensor (6) is electrically connected to the programmable controller (7) to transmit detection signals. The programmable controller (7) has built-in control logic and outputs control commands. The backwash water pump (4) is electrically connected to the programmable controller (7) and adjusts the output water pressure according to the control commands.

3. The aquaculture-specific water pollution reduction and water-saving microfiltration machine with variable pressure control of backwash flow rate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The backwash water pump (4) is equipped with a frequency converter (8). The frequency converter (8) is electrically connected to the backwash water pump (4) and the programmable controller (7). The frequency converter (8) is equipped with a speed closed-loop adjustment unit. The speed closed-loop adjustment unit collects the speed of the backwash water pump (4) in real time and performs dynamic correction, thereby stabilizing the output water pressure and outflow of the backwash water pump (4).

4. The aquaculture-specific water pollution reduction and water-saving microfiltration machine with variable pressure control of backwash flow rate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The programmable controller (7) integrates a data storage unit and a timing unit. The data storage unit is used to store the backwash start time, threshold parameters, and pressure parameters. The timing unit retrieves the timing data in the data storage unit and calculates the time interval between two adjacent backwashes. The timing unit sends the calculation result to the logic judgment module of the programmable controller to complete the parameter comparison. The programmable controller (7) is also provided with a parameter correction unit and a working condition statistics unit. The working condition statistics unit collects and summarizes working condition data such as the number of backwashes and the duration of working modes during the operation of the equipment. The parameter correction unit adaptively adjusts the preset threshold and reference time interval based on the data of the working condition statistics unit.

5. The aquaculture-specific water pollution reduction and water-saving microfiltration machine with variable pressure control of backwash flow rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The programmable controller (7) is configured with two working modes: low-pressure cleaning mode and high-pressure cleaning mode. The two working modes output different pressure setting values. The programmable controller (7) switches the corresponding working mode according to the comparison result of the time interval and the preset reference time interval. The pressure setting value corresponding to the high-pressure cleaning mode is greater than the pressure setting value corresponding to the low-pressure cleaning mode.

6. The aquaculture-specific water pollution reduction and water-saving microfiltration machine with variable pressure control of backwash flow rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The differential pressure sensor (6) adopts a differential pressure acquisition structure, which includes two independent signal acquisition channels. The two signal acquisition channels correspond to the water inlet area and water outlet area of ​​the filter drum (2) respectively. The differential pressure sensor (6) integrates a signal amplification unit, which amplifies the pressure difference electrical signal before transmitting it outward.

7. The aquaculture-specific water pollution reduction and water-saving microfiltration machine with variable pressure control of backwash flow rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive shaft of the drive motor (3) is equipped with a friction wheel, and the outer wall of the filter drum (2) is equipped with a friction ring. The friction wheel and the friction ring cooperate to drive the filter drum (2) to rotate.

8. The aquaculture-specific water pollution reduction and water-saving microfiltration machine with variable pressure control of backwash flow rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backwash nozzle (5) is configured as a full-area spray structure, which includes a diversion chamber (51) and a directional water outlet channel (52) that are interconnected. The directional water outlet channel (52) guides the water flow to evenly cover the filter screen area of ​​the filter drum (2).

9. The aquaculture-specific water pollution reduction and water-saving microfiltration machine with variable pressure control of backwash flow rate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The programmable controller (7) has a built-in anti-false triggering logic unit. The anti-false triggering logic unit filters the pressure detection signal that changes instantaneously. After a single backwashing operation is completed, the programmable controller (7) automatically resets the timing data and continuously monitors the output signal of the differential pressure sensor (6). The completion of a single backwashing operation is determined by the differential pressure falling back to the preset benchmark value.

10. The aquaculture-specific water pollution reduction and water-saving microfiltration machine with variable pressure control of backwash flow rate according to claim 3, characterized in that: A proportional valve (9) is installed on the pipeline between the backwash water pump (4) and the backwash nozzle (5). The proportional valve (9) is electrically connected to the programmable controller (7) and receives control commands. The proportional valve (9) has a built-in throttling regulating valve core and a pressure feedback component. The pressure feedback component collects the pipeline water pressure and transmits it back to the programmable controller (7). It works with the frequency converter (8) to achieve coordinated regulation of water pressure and flow.

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