Photovoltaic power generation method and system for new energy automobile glass and vehicle body outer cover combination

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and discloses a photovoltaic power generation method and system for new energy vehicle glass and vehicle body outer cover combination, the method comprising collecting electric parameter data and environmental parameter data of each partition of the vehicle power generation glass assembly and the vehicle power generation clothing assembly; calculating a comprehensive power generation index of each partition and a comprehensive power generation index of the whole vehicle; comparing the comprehensive power generation index of the whole vehicle with a predetermined threshold, and performing three-level progressive correction of the electrical parameter domain, the thermophysical property domain and the circuit topology domain according to the comparison result; the corrected electric energy is stored in the energy storage battery group after being processed by the energy management controller; the system comprises a vehicle power generation glass assembly, a vehicle power generation clothing assembly, an energy management controller and an energy storage battery group; the present application realizes the collaborative management and hierarchical regulation of photovoltaic power generation in the vehicle body glass area and the outer cover area, and improves the power generation stability and energy utilization rate of the whole vehicle photovoltaic system under complex working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle technology, specifically to a photovoltaic power generation method and system for combining glass and body panels in new energy vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the popularization of new energy vehicles, using the vehicle body surface for photovoltaic power generation to extend the driving range has become an important research direction. At present, some models have installed photovoltaic glass on the roof or sunroof, which can achieve auxiliary energy replenishment to a certain extent. However, most existing solutions are limited to thin-film photovoltaic glass or independent photovoltaic car covers in a single area, without unified power generation management and coordinated control of the vehicle body glass area and the outer covering area, resulting in low photovoltaic utilization rate of the whole vehicle.

[0003] Because cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film materials are mostly used in glass areas, while copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film materials are mostly used in vehicle body panels, there are significant differences between the two in terms of bandgap width, spectral response range, and temperature coefficient. Existing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategies cannot take into account the dynamic response characteristics of these heterogeneous materials. Furthermore, photovoltaic modules face complex operating conditions during vehicle operation, including rapid changes in light intensity, localized shading, and uneven temperature distribution. Conventional holistic management methods cannot provide differentiated adjustments for the varying degradation states of different areas.

[0004] In addition, automotive photovoltaic modules are exposed to the outdoors for a long time, and their surface temperature can easily rise to over 40°C, resulting in a significant decrease in power generation efficiency. Existing technologies lack synergistic thermal control methods that combine passive radiative cooling and active power management, and also lack flexible cut-off and reorganization mechanisms for faulty or severely degraded zones, making it difficult to maintain the efficient and stable operation of the vehicle photovoltaic system under all-weather conditions.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, no effective solution has yet been proposed that simultaneously addresses the combined power generation of glass and outer coatings, the differentiated tracking of heterogeneous materials, and the grading and correction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, this application provides a photovoltaic power generation method and system for combining glass and body panels of new energy vehicles.

[0007] On one hand, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a photovoltaic power generation method for combining glass and body panels of new energy vehicles, comprising the following steps: S1: Collect electrical and environmental parameter data for each zone of the vehicle power-generating glass assembly and the vehicle power-generating car cover assembly respectively; S2: Perform comprehensive analysis on the collected parameter data to calculate the comprehensive power generation index of each zone and the comprehensive power generation index of the entire vehicle; S3: Compare the overall vehicle power generation index with a predetermined threshold, and perform corresponding level correction operations based on the comparison results. The correction operations include electrical parameter domain correction, thermal property domain correction, and circuit topology domain correction. S4: The corrected electrical energy is processed by the energy management controller and stored in the energy storage battery pack for use by on-board electrical equipment.

[0008] On the other hand, a photovoltaic power generation system for integrating glass and body panels in new energy vehicles is provided, for realizing the aforementioned photovoltaic power generation method for integrating glass and body panels in new energy vehicles, including: Vehicle power-generating glass components are installed on the windshield, side windows, and rear windshield. Vehicle power generation cover assembly, covering the hood, roof, doors and trunk surfaces; The energy management controller is electrically connected to the vehicle power-generating glass assembly, the vehicle power-generating car cover assembly, the energy storage battery pack, and the vehicle-mounted electrical equipment.

[0009] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This invention divides the photovoltaic power generation surfaces of the vehicle body glass area and the outer covering area into multiple independent monitoring zones, and synchronously collects and comprehensively analyzes the voltage, current, temperature and light intensity of each zone, which can accurately grasp the actual power generation status of each area of ​​the vehicle. Based on this, the calculated comprehensive power generation index and the comprehensive power generation index of the whole vehicle provide a quantitative basis for subsequent graded correction, avoiding the problem of delayed response or over-adjustment to local performance degradation under the traditional overall management method, and improving the targeting and effectiveness of system regulation.

[0010] 2. This invention adopts a three-level progressive correction strategy consisting of electrical parameter domain correction, thermal property domain correction, and circuit topology domain correction. It intervenes in stages according to the comparison results of the overall vehicle power generation index and the predetermined threshold. This not only avoids the limitations of a single correction method in complex operating conditions, but also ensures that performance losses of different severity and types can be reasonably handled through progressive intervention logic, thus guaranteeing the power generation stability of the system under all weather, multi-season, and complex lighting conditions.

[0011] 3. This invention addresses the differences in material response characteristics between the cadmium telluride thin film used in the vehicle glass area and the copper indium gallium selenide thin film used in the body panel area. In the electrical parameter domain correction, perturbation signals of different frequencies are injected to achieve accurate identification and matching of equivalent dynamic internal resistance. At the same time, in the thermal property domain correction, power derating is performed according to the different voltage temperature coefficients of the two materials. This enables heterogeneous photovoltaic materials to work together efficiently on the same vehicle platform and give full play to their respective power generation advantages under different light conditions and temperature ranges.

[0012] 4. This invention integrates a radiation cooling layer or coating with a microcapsule phase change material layer into the layered structure of a photovoltaic power generation module. It utilizes the passive heat dissipation effect of radiation cooling and the cold storage buffering effect of the phase change material to synergistically reduce the operating temperature of the photovoltaic layer. Combined with the series cut-off and parallel reconfiguration of the circuit topology domain, the system can maintain the continued output of the available partition under fault or partial shading conditions, effectively extending the average daily effective power generation time and reducing the power decay rate of the photovoltaic module caused by long-term high-temperature operation, thus providing continuous and stable auxiliary energy support for new energy vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the system architecture of the present invention.

[0014] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Vehicle power generation glass assembly; 2. Vehicle power generation car cover assembly; 3. Energy management controller; 4. Energy storage battery pack; 5. On-board electrical equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 This invention provides a photovoltaic power generation method for combining glass and body panels of new energy vehicles, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1: Collect electrical and environmental parameter data for each zone of the vehicle power generation glass assembly 1 and the vehicle power generation car cover assembly 2 respectively. The electrical parameter data includes the zone open circuit voltage, zone short circuit current, zone maximum power point voltage and zone maximum power point current. The environmental parameter data includes the zone surface temperature and zone irradiance. It should be further explained that the data collection in S1 is achieved through the following methods: Each zone is independently equipped with a miniature voltage sensor, a miniature current sensor, a patch-type temperature sensor, and a light intensity sensor. Each sensor collects data synchronously with a preset first sampling period. The sampling accuracy of the miniature voltage sensor is no less than ±5mV, the sampling accuracy of the miniature current sensor is no less than ±10mA, the temperature measurement accuracy of the patch-type temperature sensor is no less than ±0.5℃, and the spectral response range of the light intensity sensor covers 380nm to 1100nm. Specifically, the present invention divides the entire photovoltaic power generation surface of the vehicle body into no less than nine independent power generation monitoring zones, namely: front windshield zone, left side window zone, right side window zone, rear windshield zone, hood zone, roof zone, left front door zone, right front door zone, and trunk zone. Each zone is configured with an independent sensor array, and each sensor acquires and performs preliminary data processing through a zone controller. Let the first The sampling time for each partition is The open-circuit voltage collected at this moment is recorded as The short-circuit current is denoted as The maximum power point voltage is denoted as The maximum power point current is denoted as Surface temperature is denoted as Light intensity is denoted as ; The raw data collected by each sensor is digitized by the analog-to-digital converter built into the area controller. The resolution of the analog-to-digital converter is no less than 16 bits to ensure that the data accuracy meets the requirements of subsequent comprehensive index calculation. The sampling synchronization mechanism uses the GPS timing signal as the time reference to ensure that all partition sensors collect data within a unified time frame. The time synchronization accuracy is better than 20 milliseconds. Compared with the minimum sampling period of 1 second, the synchronization error accounts for less than 2%, which fully meets the time alignment requirements of multi-partition data fusion. At the same time, it can significantly reduce the complexity of the timing circuit and hardware cost.

[0018] S2: The collected parameter data is comprehensively analyzed to calculate the comprehensive power generation index of each zone and the comprehensive power generation index of the whole vehicle. The comprehensive power generation index takes into account three dimensions: power output ratio, temperature influence factor and light intensity factor. It should be further explained that the comprehensive power generation index in S2 is calculated according to the following formula: ; in: Indicates the first The combined power generation index of the region; Indicates the first The actual maximum output power of the partition; Indicates the first Rated power of the zone; Indicates the first The current surface temperature of the partition; This indicates that the reference temperature (preferred) is set to 25°C; This indicates that the temperature decay threshold (preferred) is set to 45°C; Indicates the first The current light intensity of the zone; This indicates that the reference light intensity (preferred) is set to 1000 W / m²; Let these represent the weighting coefficients of the power output ratio, temperature influence factor, and illuminance factor, respectively, whose sum is 1 and satisfies the following conditions: ; The second term uses rational normalization to ensure its range is always [0,1], preventing it from reaching zero or negative values ​​when the temperature is too high; the third term uses a minimum value function. Clamp the light intensity factor to the upper limit of 1.0 to ensure that even in extremely strong light... Under these conditions, the contribution of a single item shall not exceed its weight limit. ,when When all three conditions are met simultaneously The theoretical maximum value is That is, the comprehensive power generation index is strictly limited to the range of [0,1]. Overall vehicle power generation index This is the arithmetic mean of the comprehensive power generation index for all zones; Specifically, as a preferred weighting configuration, weighting coefficients are set. , , This weighting allocation reflects the hierarchical relationship of power output as the most direct performance indicator (highest weighting), temperature as a key environmental factor (second highest weighting), and illumination as a basic external condition (basic guarantee weighting); (those skilled in the art can adjust the weighting coefficients based on this preferred configuration according to the actual application scenario, as long as the following conditions are met) (And the sum of the three must be 1); where The corresponding illumination item contributes 0.2 under standard illumination conditions and does not exceed 0.2 under ultra-strong illumination conditions, ensuring that the factor is not over-amplified due to extreme environmental data. No. The actual maximum output power of the partition Through real-time data collection and Calculated, i.e. ; Overall vehicle power generation index Calculate using the following formula: ; in, For the total number of partitions, when At that time, the arithmetic mean of the power generation comprehensive index of the 9 zones is the overall vehicle power generation index. This comprehensive index serves as the trigger for the three-level progressive correction. The theoretical basis for setting the predetermined threshold of 0.75 is as follows: when the overall vehicle power generation index is lower than 0.75, it indicates that the performance loss in at least one dimension exceeds the weight compensation range (e.g., the power output ratio is lower than 0.6 or the temperature influence factor is lower than 0.7), and active correction intervention is required to restore power generation efficiency. When the index is higher than 0.75, each zone is in a relatively good power generation state, and the existing maximum power point tracking is sufficient to maintain efficient operation without additional correction. When the overall vehicle power generation index is lower than the predetermined threshold of 0.75 and the current light intensity is higher than 200W / m² (i.e., excluding obviously weak light environments), the system automatically enters the correction process. If the light intensity is lower than 200W / m², it is determined to be a natural weak light condition, and the system does not perform correction operations, but only maintains the current maximum power point tracking state to avoid ineffective adjustment.

[0019] S3: Compare the overall vehicle power generation index with the predetermined threshold, and perform the corresponding level of correction operation based on the comparison result. The correction operation includes a three-level progressive correction of electrical parameter domain correction, thermal property domain correction and circuit topology domain correction. It should be further explained that the electrical parameter domain correction in S3 specifically includes: High-frequency small-signal disturbances are injected into the DC converters of each zone. Taking into account the difference in response time of cadmium telluride thin film layer (approximately 10 μs) and copper indium gallium selenide thin film layer (approximately 50 μs), disturbance signals with different frequencies are injected respectively. The equivalent dynamic internal resistance of each zone is calculated in real time. Then, the pulse width modulation duty cycle is adjusted to make the load impedance of each zone accurately match its dynamic internal resistance, thereby achieving differentiated maximum power point tracking matching of heterogeneous materials. Specifically, equivalent dynamic internal resistance Real-time identification is achieved by sampling the steady-state voltage and current values ​​at the output terminals of the partition before and after the injection of a high-frequency small-signal disturbance, and calculating the voltage change. With change in current The equivalent dynamic internal resistance of the partition at the current operating point is defined by the absolute value of the ratio of the two, i.e.: ; in, ;like If the value approaches zero, it is determined that the partition is currently close to the maximum power point. At this point, the current duty cycle is maintained and the current correction loop is exited; pulse width modulation duty cycle Iterate according to the following normalized ratio formula: ; in, The dimensionless adaptive convergence coefficient ranges from 0.1 to 0.5. The denominator of the formula uses the sum of absolute values ​​to ensure that the absolute value of the correction term is always less than 1, so that the duty cycle adjustment is always within the bounded range, thereby avoiding the duty cycle step jump caused by excessive impedance mismatch or when the dynamic internal resistance measurement value approaches zero. Through closed-loop iteration, the load impedance converges to the dynamic internal resistance, realizing the differentiated maximum power point tracking of heterogeneous materials. It should be further explained that the thermal property domain correction in S3 specifically includes: When the secondary comparison correction module determines that the temperature of a specific partition has reached the critical temperature for thermal degradation, it executes an active power derating plus phase change heat sink coupling strategy, wherein the active power derating is based on the voltage temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic material in that partition. Reverse calculation of the optimal operating point for thermal equilibrium, changing the operating voltage from Reduce to The proportion was reduced to Simultaneously, the microcapsule phase change material layer is activated, with the phase change temperature of the phase change material set at 40℃ and the phase change enthalpy value not less than 150kJ / kg, to achieve instantaneous high-power cold storage buffering through melting and heat absorption. Specifically, the thermal degradation critical temperature is set at 45℃ (connecting with the phase change temperature of the microcapsule phase change material layer at 40℃, ensuring that the phase change material is still in the early to mid-melting stage with the most sufficient cold storage capacity when active derating is triggered, and has not yet completely melted into a liquid state). When the zone temperature... When the temperature drops below 42°C, the system automatically triggers thermal property domain correction. This correction ends and the system returns to rated operating conditions (hysteresis range 3°C). For cadmium telluride thin film materials, the voltage temperature coefficient... For copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film materials, the voltage temperature coefficient is... Operating voltage after active power derating Calculate using the following formula: ; The phase change material layer adopts a microcapsule encapsulation structure. The phase change material is a paraffin-based organic phase change material, and the encapsulation carrier is a melamine resin microcapsule with an average particle size of 10μm to 50μm. The phase change material begins to melt and absorb heat from 40℃, and the active power derating starts from 45℃. The two are sequentially connected to achieve synergistic thermal management from passive cold storage buffering to active derating regulation. The phase change material layer is set between the photovoltaic power generation layer and the radiation cooling coating. Heat is transferred to the phase change material layer through the heat conduction layer. The phase change material melts and absorbs a large amount of latent heat, realizing instantaneous high-power cold storage buffer. The typical instantaneous heat buffer time can reach 30 to 60 seconds. During shutdown or low light periods, the phase change material solidifies and regenerates through natural convection heat dissipation to ensure the ability to be recycled. It should be further explained that the circuit topology domain correction in S3 specifically includes: The series branch cut-off and parallel recombination boost operation is performed by controlling the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor switching matrix etched in the conductive layer in sections. The execution of the parallel recombination boost requires the simultaneous satisfaction of the following two conditions: First, the thermal property domain correction is not activated, meaning that it is not currently in an active power derating state. If it is in an active power derating state, only the series branch is cut off and the current voltage level is maintained. The recombination boost function will be restored after the temperature drops to a safe range. Secondly, the current available power margin is sufficient. The specific criterion is that the energy management controller 3 estimates the current maximum available total power based on the real-time maximum power point current and open-circuit voltage of the remaining healthy zones under the current light intensity. ;like Below the minimum power threshold required for startup of a boost DC-DC converter If the current power margin is insufficient, the energy management controller 3 will temporarily prohibit the parallel reconnection boost, only maintaining the series branch disconnection state, and recording the current operating condition as pending recovery; it will resume operation when the light intensity recovers or the load decreases. Afterwards, the energy management controller 3 automatically clears the flag and starts the boost operation to prevent the system from repeatedly restarting due to the voltage drop to the undervoltage lockout point caused by insufficient input power; the series branch disconnection physically bypasses the fault zone from the high-voltage series branch; The parallel reconfiguration boost converter reconfigures the remaining qualified sections from a fully series mode to a hybrid series-parallel mode, and uses the boost DC-DC converter built into the energy management controller 3 to convert the output voltage from... Raise to a voltage level suitable for battery pack charging ; Specifically, the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switch matrix is ​​integrated within the energy management controller 3, with each partition corresponding to an independent switching channel. The switching devices employ low on-resistance switching. Channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, on-resistance not greater than ; Assume there is a total The partition, of which the first If a fault is detected in a partition (such as a short circuit, open circuit, or severe power degradation exceeding 80%), the control system will turn off the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor corresponding to that partition to achieve physical bypass. Remaining Each health zone is reorganized from a fully serial mode to a hybrid series-parallel mode, and the equivalent circuit after reorganization satisfies: The number of series branches is The number of parallel branches is ,satisfy ; The reorganization principle is as follows: First, determine the maximum power point voltage of each healthy zone. A consistency assessment was conducted, and zones with voltage deviations not exceeding ±10% were preferentially connected in series to form the same branch to avoid current clamping losses due to voltage mismatch within the series branch; the number of series branches Number of parallel branches The specific values ​​are automatically calculated by the energy management controller 3 based on the real-time measured voltage data of each zone, ensuring that the optimal combination is met. Under the constraints, select the combination scheme that minimizes the total voltage difference of each series branch; The boost DC-DC converter uses a synchronous rectification topology, with a switching frequency set from 100kHz to 500kHz, and a conversion efficiency of no less than 95%, converting the output voltage from... Raise to ,in The charging voltage is set to 300V to 600V based on the charging requirements of the energy storage battery pack 4; the minimum power threshold is... The value is 20% to 30% of the rated output power of the boost DC converter, and not less than 50W. The specific value is dynamically calibrated by the energy management controller 3 according to the real-time bus voltage to ensure that the voltage drop on the input side at the moment of boost start-up does not exceed 15% of the current open circuit voltage.

[0020] S4: The corrected electrical energy is processed by the energy management controller 3 and stored in the energy storage battery pack 4 to power the on-board electrical equipment 5. At the same time, the radiative cooling layer or coating works together to achieve passive cooling. It should be further explained that the processing and storage of electrical energy in S4 specifically includes: The corrected DC power is smoothed by the rectifier and filter unit inside the energy management controller 3 to eliminate high-frequency ripple. The filtered DC power is voltage matched by the bidirectional DC converter and finally delivered to the energy storage battery pack 4. The energy storage battery pack 4 uses lithium-ion batteries or lithium iron phosphate batteries with a rated capacity of 2kWh to 10kWh (compatible with 48V mild hybrid or range-extending auxiliary power supply), supports trickle / standard charging modes, and has a charging power of 300W to 800W; the peak photovoltaic power generation of the whole vehicle is 400W-800W, which can replenish about 0.4-0.8kWh of electricity per hour under standard sunshine conditions, and correspondingly increase the driving range by about 2-5 kilometers (this increase in range is a theoretical estimate based on the energy consumption level of the whole vehicle), serving as a continuous energy replenishment auxiliary for the on-board electrical equipment 5, rather than the main charging source; Specifically, the execution output module of the energy management controller 3 outputs electrical energy that has undergone three levels of correction, and the voltage range of this electrical energy is... The current range is 0A to 50A; When the bidirectional DC-DC converter operates in charging mode, it will The voltage is converted to match the charging voltage of the energy storage battery pack 4. The charging voltage range of lithium iron phosphate batteries is 260V to 420V, and the charging voltage range of lithium-ion batteries is 250V to 440V. The charging process employs an intelligent charging strategy, based on the current state of charge of the energy storage battery pack 4. Battery temperature Based on historical charging curves, the charging current is dynamically adjusted. The normal charging termination condition is: And the charging current drops to the set threshold (not greater than) Simultaneously, a safety protection timer is set; if the continuous charging time exceeds 10 hours... If the battery still does not reach 90%, it is considered an abnormal condition. The system will automatically suspend charging and report the fault to the vehicle network to prevent the risk of long-term undercharging or overcharging due to abnormality. The electrical energy stored in the energy storage battery pack 4 is used by the vehicle's electrical equipment 5, including but not limited to the vehicle's air conditioning system, infotainment system, driver assistance system, and low-voltage vehicle electrical appliances.

[0021] Example 2: Refer to Figure 2 The present invention also provides a photovoltaic power generation system for the integration of glass and body panels in new energy vehicles, for realizing the above-mentioned photovoltaic power generation method for the integration of glass and body panels in new energy vehicles, comprising: The vehicle power-generating glass assembly 1, the vehicle power-generating car cover assembly 2, the energy management controller 3, the energy storage battery pack 4, and the vehicle-mounted electrical equipment 5 are respectively installed on the windshield, side windows, and rear windshield; the vehicle power-generating car cover assembly 2 covers the sheet metal surfaces such as the hood, roof, doors, and trunk; and the energy management controller 3 is electrically connected to the vehicle power-generating glass assembly 1, the vehicle power-generating car cover assembly 2, the energy storage battery pack 4, and the vehicle-mounted electrical equipment 5. It should be further explained that the vehicle power-generating glass assembly 1 includes, from the outer surface of the vehicle to the interior, the following components in sequence: The first light-transmitting protective layer is made of a high-transmittance, wear-resistant, transparent material with a thickness of 0.5mm to 1.0mm; A transparent radiative cooling layer is applied only to the sunroof and rear windshield areas (i.e., areas outside the driver's field of vision). This layer is omitted from the windshield and side window areas to prioritize ensuring that the visible light transmittance in the driver's field of vision area is not less than 85% and to ensure driving safety. This transparent radiative cooling layer uses a radiative cooling material with an emissivity of not less than 0.9 in the 8 to 13 μm wavelength band. In the non-field-of-view areas of the sunroof and rear windshield, its visible light transmittance is not less than 70% (because appropriate coloring is allowed in this area), and no further requirements are imposed on its reflectivity in the visible light band to avoid the physical conflict between high transmittance and high reflectivity. The low-light power generation thin film layer uses cadmium telluride thin film photovoltaic material with a thickness of 2μm to 5μm, and the low-light power generation threshold is not less than 50W / m². The third transparent conductive layer is made of a transparent conductive oxide film with a sheet resistance of no more than 10Ω / sq and a light transmittance of no less than 80%. Specifically, the first light-transmitting protective layer is made of a high-transmittance, wear-resistant, and transparent material, specifically a surface-hardened sodium-calcium silicate glass or polymethyl methacrylate film with a thickness of 0.7 mm and a surface hardness of not less than 6H. The transparent radiative cooling layer is not applied to all glass areas, but only to the sunroof and rear windshield areas. Specifically, it is a calcium fluoride film or magnesium oxide film doped with rare earth elements, with an emissivity of 0.92 in the 8 to 13 μm wavelength band. The light transmittance of the sunroof and rear windshield areas is 75% (a certain degree of tinting is allowed in this area to balance sun protection and privacy). To ensure driving visibility and meet regulatory requirements, the transparent radiative cooling layer is omitted in the driver's field of vision areas of the windshield and side windows, and only the first light-transmitting protective layer and the low-light power generation film layer are retained. The radiative cooling layer in the non-field of vision areas utilizes the infrared window characteristics of the Earth's atmosphere to directly emit heat into outer space through infrared radiation, achieving passive cooling without energy consumption. The low-light power generation thin film layer uses cadmium telluride thin-film photovoltaic material, which is prepared by vapor deposition after the transparent radiation cooling layer (facing the inside of the vehicle). The thickness is 3μm. The band gap of the cadmium telluride film is about 1.45eV, the spectral response range covers 400nm to 900nm, and the low-light power generation onset threshold is not lower than This allows it to still generate electricity under low light conditions such as cloudy days and dawn / dusk. The third transparent conductive layer is an indium tin oxide transparent conductive oxide thin film with a sheet resistance of 8Ω / sq and a light transmittance of 82%. It is prepared after the weak light generation thin film layer by magnetron sputtering. It should be further explained that the vehicle power generation cover assembly 2 includes, from the outer surface to the paint, the following components in sequence: The wear-resistant and light-transmitting layer is made of a flexible transparent material film with high light transmittance and UV aging resistance, with a thickness of 50μm to 100μm. The radiation-cooling coating uses a radiation-cooling material with an emissivity of not less than 0.92 in the 8 to 13 μm band and a reflectivity of not less than 0.85 in the solar spectrum band. Flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) power generation layer, using CIGS thin-film solar cells, with a thickness of 1.5μm to 3μm and a power temperature coefficient of not less than -0.35% / ℃; The second conductive layer is made of a flexible metal mesh or a conductive film, with a sheet resistance of no more than 5Ω / sq. The microcapsule phase change material layer is composed of microcapsule phase change material and thermally conductive reinforcing skeleton. The phase change temperature of the microcapsule phase change material is 35℃ to 45℃ and the phase change enthalpy is not less than 180kJ / kg. The thermally conductive reinforcing skeleton is a boron nitride fiber mesh or silicon carbide whisker network uniformly distributed in the layer, and its volume fraction accounts for 6% to 12% of the total volume of the layer. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the composite layer in the fully molten state of the microcapsule phase change material is not less than 2.0W / (m·K), so as to ensure that the low thermal conductivity of the molten phase change material itself will not form a thermal barrier layer, so that the heat generated by the photovoltaic layer can be continuously transferred to the radiation cooling coating through the layer, thereby maintaining the passive heat dissipation path under all operating conditions. The adhesive base layer is made of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive or polyurethane structural adhesive, with a peel strength of not less than 10N / 25mm. Specifically, the wear-resistant and light-transmitting layer is made of fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer film with a thickness of 75μm and an ultraviolet aging life of not less than 5000 hours; The radiation cooling coating uses zirconia-based or titanium oxide-based radiation cooling materials and is prepared on the wear-resistant and light-transmitting layer by the sol-gel method. The coating thickness is 10μm to 20μm, the emissivity is 0.94 in the 8 to 13μm band, and the reflectivity is 0.88 in the solar spectrum band. The flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) power generation layer uses a CIGS thin-film solar cell with a thickness of 2 μm, a band gap of approximately 1.2 eV, a spectral response range covering 500 nm to 1100 nm, and a temperature coefficient of -0.38% / ℃, ensuring power generation stability in high-temperature environments. The second conductive layer uses a flexible metal mesh made of copper or aluminum, with a sheet resistance of 4Ω / sq, and is prepared by printing or etching processes. The microcapsule phase change material layer encapsulates a microcapsule phase change material with a phase change temperature of 40℃ and a phase change enthalpy of 200kJ / kg. The average particle size of the microcapsules is 20μm to 40μm, and the phase change material is an eicosane-based organic phase change material. The adhesive base layer uses an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive with a peel strength of 15N / 25mm, ensuring reliable adhesion between the car cover components and the car paint surface, while allowing for non-destructive removal when replacement is needed; It should be further explained that the energy management controller 3 integrates a primary acquisition module, a secondary acquisition module, a tertiary acquisition module, a primary analysis module, a secondary analysis module, a tertiary analysis module, a primary comparison and correction module, a secondary comparison and correction module, a tertiary comparison and correction module, and an execution output module. The sampling period for the primary acquisition module is 1 to 5 seconds, the sampling period for the secondary acquisition module is 0.5 to 2 seconds, and the sampling period for the tertiary acquisition module is 0.1 to 0.5 seconds; the predetermined comprehensive power generation index threshold is set at 0.75. Specifically, the primary acquisition module corresponds to the steady-state monitoring of the electrical parameter domain, with a sampling period set to 3 seconds. The acquired parameters include the zone open-circuit voltage, zone short-circuit current, zone maximum power point voltage, and zone maximum power point current. The secondary acquisition module is responsible for the dynamic monitoring of the thermal property domain. The sampling period is set to 1 second, and the acquisition parameters include the zone surface temperature, zone light intensity, and phase change material layer temperature. The three acquisition modules correspond to transient monitoring of the circuit topology domain. The sampling period is set to 0.2 seconds. The acquisition parameters include the input and output voltage and current of each partition DC-DC converter, the on / off state of the switch matrix, and the operating state of the boost DC-DC converter. The primary analysis module performs steady-state analysis on the data from the primary acquisition module and calculates the power output ratio of each partition; The secondary analysis module performs thermodynamic analysis on the data from the secondary acquisition module and calculates the temperature influence factor for each zone. The three-stage analysis module performs topology analysis on the data from the three-stage acquisition module, identifies fault zones, and calculates equivalent circuit parameters. The primary comparison correction module compares the calculation results of the primary analysis module with a preset threshold. When the power output ratio is lower than 0.6, the electrical parameter domain correction is triggered. The secondary comparison correction module compares the calculation results of the secondary analysis module with the critical temperature of thermal decay. When the zone temperature exceeds 45℃, the thermal property domain correction is triggered. The three-comparison correction module compares the fault detection results of the three analysis modules with the number of healthy partitions, and triggers circuit topology domain correction when a faulty partition exists. The execution output module receives the correction instructions from the three comparison correction modules, and controls the DC-DC converters, switching matrix and boost DC-DC converters in each zone through the drive circuit to realize the actual execution of the correction operation; It should be further noted that the energy management controller 3 also includes: The first maximum power point tracking module adopts a segmented scanning global maximum power point tracking algorithm, which divides the working interval of each partition into no less than 20 sub-intervals for global search; The second maximum power point tracking module adopts the same algorithm architecture as the first maximum power point tracking module. The scanning parameters are adjusted in a targeted manner according to the response characteristics of copper indium gallium selenide material, and the perturbation frequency range is 10Hz to 100Hz. The microprocessor is an automotive-grade high-performance microprocessor with an operating temperature range of -40℃ to 105℃. The temperature sensor array is a distributed patch-type negative temperature coefficient thermistor network that communicates with the microprocessor via a serial peripheral interface. The communication module supports Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol, Local Area Network (LAN) protocol, and cellular network communication; the DC-DC converter adopts a boost topology with a conversion efficiency of not less than 95%. Specifically, the first maximum power point tracking module corresponds to the cadmium telluride thin film layer in the vehicle power generation glass assembly 1. This module divides the operating voltage range of each glass partition into 20 sub-intervals and adopts a global scanning strategy to avoid getting trapped in local maximum power points. The perturbation step size of each sub-interval is 0.5% of the rated voltage. The second maximum power point tracking module corresponds to the copper indium gallium selenide thin film layer in the vehicle power generation cover assembly 2. The perturbation frequency range of this module is 10Hz to 100Hz, and the scanning parameters are optimized according to the response characteristics of copper indium gallium selenide material. The microprocessor uses an automotive-grade 32-bit microprocessor with a clock frequency of no less than 200MHz, a built-in floating-point arithmetic unit, and supports real-time signal processing algorithms. The temperature sensor array is a distributed patch-type negative temperature coefficient thermistor network with no fewer than 18 temperature measurement points arranged in 9 zones at the interface between the photovoltaic power generation layer and the radiative cooling layer. It communicates with the microprocessor through a serial peripheral interface and has a sampling frequency of 10Hz. The communication module supports the controller area network bus protocol, local interconnection network protocol and 4G / 5G cellular network communication protocol to realize data interaction with vehicle network and cloud platform; The DC-DC converter adopts a synchronous boost topology, and the switching device uses silicon carbide metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, achieving a conversion efficiency of 96%. It supports a wide input voltage range of 150V to 500V and an adjustable output voltage range of 300V to 600V. It should be further explained that the transparent radiative cooling layer and the radiative cooling coating work together to form a passive cooling system. When the photovoltaic power generation layer generates heat during operation, the heat is conducted to the radiative cooling layer or coating through the heat-conducting layer. The radiative cooling layer or coating utilizes the infrared window characteristics of the Earth's atmosphere in the 8 to 13 μm band to directly emit heat into outer space in the form of infrared radiation. At the same time, it has extremely high reflectivity to visible and near-infrared light in the solar spectrum. The energy management controller 3 monitors the temperature of each zone in real time through temperature sensors. When the temperature of any zone exceeds the preset second threshold, the controller automatically starts the radiation cooling enhancement mode of that zone and adjusts the operating current of the power generation components to reduce internal heat generation. Specifically, a transparent radiative cooling layer is disposed on the innermost layer of the vehicle power generation glass assembly 1, and a radiative cooling coating is disposed on the outermost layer of the vehicle power generation car cover assembly 2. The two work together to form a passive cooling system covering the entire outer surface of the vehicle. The heat conduction path of the transparent radiative cooling layer is: cadmium telluride thin film layer → third transparent conductive layer → transparent radiative cooling layer → atmospheric infrared window; The heat conduction path of the radiation-cooling coating is: copper indium gallium selenide power generation layer → second conductive layer → radiation-cooling coating → atmospheric infrared window; The working principle of the radiation cooling enhancement mode is as follows: when the zone temperature exceeds the preset second threshold of 55°C, the energy management controller 3 automatically reduces the operating current of the zone by 10% to 30% of the current. This reduces the internal heat generation by reducing the Joule heat generated when the current passes through, while the passive heat dissipation effect of the radiation cooling layer or coating continuously conducts heat out to outer space. This collaborative working mechanism realizes the linkage optimization of thermal management and power management, maintaining maximum power generation output while reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic module. Specifically, the control and computing platform of this system adopts a hierarchical and heterogeneous embedded architecture; the main computing unit adopts a high-performance embedded computing module equipped with a digital signal processor, which is responsible for running computationally intensive tasks such as calculating the comprehensive power generation index, the three-level correction algorithm and the global maximum power point tracking algorithm. This module provides sufficient parallel computing capabilities and memory bandwidth to meet the real-time requirements of multi-partition data fusion, complex control algorithm solution and deep learning model inference. The real-time control unit adopts a real-time control subsystem based on a high-performance microcontroller. Its core is a processor core running a real-time operating system. This unit is responsible for receiving high-level instructions and executing high-frequency closed-loop servo control, pulse width modulation signal generation, switch matrix driving, and sensor data acquisition and filtering. The sensing sensor kit includes miniature voltage sensors, miniature current sensors, patch temperature sensors, and light intensity sensors. These sensors are connected to the main computing unit and real-time control unit via high-speed serial peripheral interfaces or analog signal interfaces to ensure synchronous data acquisition and low-latency transmission. The computing units communicate with each other through a middleware based on a publish-subscribe model. This middleware supports deterministic data transmission and node scheduling. The system adopts a hybrid scheduling strategy that combines time-triggered and event-triggered methods to allocate deterministic computing resources and time slices for tasks with different real-time requirements, such as data acquisition, analysis, correction, and control.

[0022] Secondly: The accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed in this invention only involve the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed in this invention. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of this invention can be combined with each other. In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic power generation method for combining glass and body panels of new energy vehicles, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Collect electrical and environmental parameter data for each zone of the vehicle power-generating glass assembly and the vehicle power-generating car cover assembly respectively; S2: Perform comprehensive analysis on the collected parameter data to calculate the comprehensive power generation index of each zone and the comprehensive power generation index of the entire vehicle; S3: Compare the overall vehicle power generation index with a predetermined threshold, and perform corresponding level correction operations based on the comparison results. The correction operations include electrical parameter domain correction, thermal property domain correction, and circuit topology domain correction. S4: The corrected electrical energy is processed by the energy management controller and stored in the energy storage battery pack for use by on-board electrical equipment.

2. The photovoltaic power generation method for combining glass and body panels of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1: The entire photovoltaic power generation surface of the vehicle body is divided into no less than nine independent power generation monitoring zones. Each zone is independently equipped with a sensor array. Each sensor collects and performs preliminary data processing through a zone controller. The electrical parameter data includes the zone open-circuit voltage, zone short-circuit current, zone maximum power point voltage, and zone maximum power point current. The environmental parameter data includes the zone surface temperature and zone irradiance.

3. The photovoltaic power generation method for combining glass and body panels of new energy vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2: The comprehensive power generation index takes into account three dimensions: power output ratio, temperature influence factor, and illuminance factor. The power output ratio is the ratio of the actual maximum output power to the rated power. The temperature influence factor is normalized based on the relationship between the current surface temperature, the reference temperature, and the temperature decay threshold. The illuminance factor is clamped based on the relationship between the current illuminance and the reference illuminance. The comprehensive power generation index of the whole vehicle is the arithmetic mean of the comprehensive power generation indices of all zones.

4. The photovoltaic power generation method for combining glass and body panels of new energy vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S3: The electrical parameter domain correction includes: injecting high-frequency small-signal disturbances into the DC converters of each partition, calculating the equivalent dynamic internal resistance of each partition in real time, and adjusting the pulse width modulation duty cycle to make the load impedance of each partition match its dynamic internal resistance, so as to achieve differentiated maximum power point tracking matching.

5. The photovoltaic power generation method for combining glass and body panels of new energy vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3: The thermal property domain correction includes: when the temperature of a specific zone reaches the critical temperature of thermal decay, performing active power derating, reducing the operating voltage from the maximum power point voltage to the correction voltage, and activating the phase change material layer for cold storage buffering.

6. The photovoltaic power generation method for combining glass and body panels of new energy vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S3: The circuit topology correction includes: performing series branch cut-off and parallel reconfiguration boost operations by controlling the switch matrix, physically bypassing the faulty partition from the high-voltage series branch, reconfiguring the remaining healthy partition from the all-series mode to the series-parallel hybrid mode, and boosting the output voltage to the voltage level suitable for battery pack charging through a boost DC-DC converter.

7. The photovoltaic power generation method for combining glass and body panels of new energy vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that, The execution of the parallel recombination boost requires the simultaneous fulfillment of the conditions that the thermal property domain correction is not activated and that the current available power margin is sufficient; if the thermal property domain correction is activated, only the series branch is disconnected and the current voltage level is maintained. If the current total available power is lower than the minimum power threshold required for the start-up of the boost DC-DC converter, parallel reconnection boost is prohibited, and it will automatically resume once the total available power recovers to meet the conditions.

8. A photovoltaic power generation system for the integration of glass and body panels in new energy vehicles, characterized in that, A photovoltaic power generation method for combining glass and body panels of new energy vehicles as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: Vehicle power-generating glass components are installed on the windshield, side windows, and rear windshield. Vehicle power generation cover assembly, covering the hood, roof, doors and trunk surfaces; The energy management controller is electrically connected to the vehicle power-generating glass assembly, the vehicle power-generating car cover assembly, the energy storage battery pack, and the vehicle-mounted electrical equipment, respectively.

9. The photovoltaic power generation system for the integration of glass and body panels in new energy vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that, The vehicle power-generating glass assembly includes, from the outer surface of the vehicle to the interior, a first light-transmitting protective layer, a low-light power-generating thin film layer, and a transparent conductive layer in sequence. The vehicle power generation cover assembly comprises, from the outer surface to the paint, a wear-resistant and light-transmitting layer, a radiation cooling coating, a flexible copper indium gallium selenide power generation layer, a conductive layer, a microcapsule phase change material layer, and an adhesive base layer.

10. The photovoltaic power generation system for the integration of glass and body panels in new energy vehicles according to claim 9, characterized in that, The energy management controller integrates a primary acquisition module, a secondary acquisition module, a tertiary acquisition module, a primary analysis module, a secondary analysis module, a tertiary analysis module, a primary comparison and correction module, a secondary comparison and correction module, a tertiary comparison and correction module, and an execution output module. The primary acquisition module is used to acquire steady-state electrical parameter data of each partition, the secondary acquisition module is used to acquire dynamic thermophysical parameter data of each partition, and the tertiary acquisition module is used to acquire transient circuit topology parameter data of each partition, with the sampling period of the three modules decreasing sequentially. The primary analysis module performs power output ratio analysis on the steady-state electrical parameter data collected by the primary acquisition module; the secondary analysis module performs temperature influence factor analysis on the dynamic thermophysical parameter data collected by the secondary acquisition module; and the tertiary analysis module performs fault partitioning identification and equivalent circuit parameter analysis on the transient circuit topology parameter data collected by the tertiary acquisition module. The first comparison correction module triggers electrical parameter domain correction based on the power output ratio analysis result of the first analysis module; the second comparison correction module triggers thermal property domain correction based on the temperature influence factor analysis result of the second analysis module; and the third comparison correction module triggers circuit topology domain correction based on the fault partition identification result of the third analysis module. The execution output module is used to execute the correction operations triggered by the first comparison correction module, the second comparison correction module, and the third comparison correction module.

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