Self-cleaning anti-arc photovoltaic junction box circuit structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic junction boxes, in particular to a self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box circuit structure, which comprises an arc detection module, an energy conversion module, a control module, a self-cleaning execution module and a communication module. The arc detection module monitors an arc signal in the junction box in real time and generates a trigger signal, the energy conversion module converts arc energy into direct current and stores the direct current, and the control module monitors the voltage of the capacitor bank and generates an energy release instruction or a restart charging instruction when the voltage reaches a threshold value. The self-cleaning execution module generates shock waves through high-voltage pulses to remove accumulated dust, and the communication module is responsible for uploading data to an external monitoring system. And arc protection is realized by using the shielding cable and the filter circuit. According to the scheme, closed-loop control of energy recovery and self-cleaning is realized, self-cleaning is carried out by utilizing recovered arc energy, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, the safety and self-maintenance capability of the junction box are remarkably improved, the manual intervention frequency is reduced, and the junction box conforms to the green and energy-saving trend.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic junction boxes, and particularly relates to a self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box circuit structure. Background Technique

[0002] With the wide application of photovoltaic power generation technology, as a key component connecting solar panels and inverters, the safety and reliability of photovoltaic junction boxes directly affect the operation efficiency of the entire system. Traditional photovoltaic junction boxes mainly undertake current transmission and basic protection functions, but face two prominent problems in actual operation: arc hazards and dust accumulation. Arcs are usually caused by poor contact, insulation aging or moisture intrusion. Their instantaneous high temperature may burn out circuits and even cause fires. Many photovoltaic system failures are caused by arcs. Existing arc-proof technologies mostly adopt passive measures such as fuses and overvoltage protectors, and the response time is generally above 50ms, making it difficult to effectively suppress high-frequency arcs. In addition, photovoltaic panels are exposed to the outdoor environment for a long time, and the deposition of surface dust will lead to a decrease in power generation efficiency, while the dust accumulation inside the junction box may increase the risk of partial discharge. Traditional cleaning methods rely on manual or fixed-period flushing, which is not only costly but also difficult to implement in harsh environments such as deserts and coastal areas.

[0003] In the prior art, arc-proof and self-cleaning functions are usually designed independently and lack collaborative optimization. Existing arc-proof junction boxes detect abnormal currents through voltage comparators and trigger open circuits, but do not solve the problem of arc energy recovery. Existing solutions generally have low arc detection sensitivity, cannot accurately identify the characteristic signals of high-frequency arcs, and have a high missed detection rate; the energy utilization rate is insufficient, and arc energy is dissipated in the form of heat, which not only wastes resources but also exacerbates temperature rise; the data feedback ability is insufficient, and arc events and cleaning status cannot be transmitted to the monitoring system in real time, which is not conducive to the overall operation and maintenance management of power stations; the environmental adaptability is poor, and there is a lack of protection designs for special environments such as salt spray and dust. These problems lead to high operation and maintenance costs of photovoltaic systems and are difficult to meet the requirements of "adaptive and maintenance-free" for equipment in smart grids. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box circuit structure to solve the drawbacks of passive prevention of arc generation and the problem that a large amount of arc energy is not effectively utilized in the prior art.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0006] An arc detection module, used for real-time monitoring of arc signals inside the junction box and generating trigger signals;

[0007] The energy conversion module, connected to the arc detection module, includes a high-frequency rectification unit and an energy storage unit. The high-frequency rectification unit converts arc energy into direct current electricity. The energy storage unit includes a Faraday cage capacitor bank for storing the converted electrical energy;

[0008] The control module, connected to the energy storage unit, is used to monitor the voltage state of the energy storage unit and generate an energy release instruction or a restart charging instruction when the voltage reaches a preset threshold;

[0009] The self-cleaning execution module includes a pulsed discharge unit and a cleaning mechanism. The pulsed discharge unit is directly connected to the energy storage unit through an electromagnetic relay and is used to convert the electrical energy in the energy storage unit into high-voltage pulses. The cleaning mechanism generates shock waves through the high-voltage pulses to remove dust on the surface of the junction box;

[0010] The communication module is used to upload arc event data, the charge and discharge status and cleaning status of the energy storage unit to an external monitoring system.

[0011] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present utility model lies in: by integrating functions of arc detection, energy conversion, self-cleaning and communication, realizing a closed-loop control of "arc protection - energy recovery - self-cleaning", significantly improving the safety and self-maintenance ability of the junction box, and reducing the frequency of manual intervention.

[0012] Adopting the above technical solution, in this solution, the high-frequency rectification unit adopts a three-stage cascaded rectification circuit. Each stage of the rectification circuit includes a fast-recovery diode and a high-voltage ceramic capacitor, which are used to gradually increase the output voltage to match the high-frequency characteristics of the arc pulse; a diode array is configured at the input end of each stage of the rectification circuit for overvoltage protection.

[0013] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present utility model lies in: the three-stage cascaded rectification circuit matches the high-frequency arc characteristics, combined with a TVS diode array, to improve the energy conversion efficiency and at the same time suppress the risk of transient overvoltage.

[0014] Adopting the above technical solution, the energy storage unit is connected in a hybrid configuration by stacked ceramic capacitors and supercapacitors, including connection methods such as partial parallel and partial series, to meet the total capacity and withstand voltage requirements for direct current electricity; the outside of the energy storage unit is wrapped with a copper mesh and ferrite composite shielding layer.

[0015] An IGBT power switch is arranged in the discharge circuit of the energy storage unit. The gate of the IGBT power switch is connected to the fiber optic trigger circuit of the control module. When the control module sends an energy release instruction to the IGBT power switch, the energy storage unit discharges; when the control module sends a restart charging instruction to the IGBT power switch, the discharge circuit is closed and the charging process is restarted.

[0016] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present utility model lies in: significantly reducing electromagnetic interference through a copper mesh-ferrite shielding layer to ensure energy storage stability and anti-interference ability.

[0017] Adopting the above technical solution, the control module in this solution includes:

[0018] A voltage monitoring unit for real-time monitoring of the voltage of the energy storage unit;

[0019] A charge and discharge management unit for generating an energy release instruction when the monitored voltage is higher than a preset upper threshold value, and generating a restart charging instruction when the monitored voltage is lower than a preset lower threshold value;

[0020] An optical fiber trigger circuit for sending the instruction of the charge and discharge management unit to the IGBT power switch of the energy storage unit and feeding it back to the communication module.

[0021] Adopting the above technical solution, the pulse discharge unit in this solution is a Marx generator. The Marx generator includes 8 stages of hydrogen thyratrons in series configuration. After being triggered by a control signal, the hydrogen thyratrons are quickly turned on to achieve voltage superposition of each stage of capacitors, generating a high-voltage pulse output.

[0022] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present utility model lies in: the 8-stage Marx generator generates a high-voltage pulse of 100 kV level, which can efficiently remove stubborn dust deposits.

[0023] Adopting the above technical solution, the cleaning mechanism in this solution includes a tungsten electrode pair and A ceramic insulating layer for ionizing air to generate a plasma shock wave.

[0024] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present utility model lies in: removing dust by releasing a plasma shock wave, avoiding equipment wear caused by traditional mechanical structure dust removal, and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0025] Adopting the above technical solution, the arc detection module in this solution includes:

[0026] A high-frequency current sensor unit for detecting arc characteristic signals of 10 kHz - 1 MHz;

[0027] A wavelet transform algorithm unit embedded in the charge and discharge management unit for analyzing the current signal generated by the arc and determining the arc level.

[0028] Adopting the above technical solution, the communication module in this solution includes an Ethernet communication interface for data transmission with the upper computer according to the TCP / IP communication protocol to achieve remote monitoring and management functions.

[0029] With the above technical solution, the circuit structure in this solution further includes a shielded cable and a filtering circuit. The shielded cable connects the data arc detection module to the energy conversion module, the energy conversion module to the control module, the control module to the self-cleaning execution module, and the self-cleaning execution module to the communication module, for reducing electromagnetic interference in the production line environment; the filtering circuit is connected between the control module and the energy conversion module, for filtering out noise signals in the collected data.

[0030] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the technical progress achieved by this utility model compared with the prior art is as follows:

[0031] 1. This utility model has significant innovation in terms of function integration and collaborative operation. First of all, the functions of arc detection, energy conversion and storage, self-cleaning execution, and remote communication are deeply integrated to form an organic overall system. The arc detection module monitors and accurately locates the moment of arc generation in real time, providing a start signal for subsequent operations. The energy conversion module converts the destructive arc energy into usable direct current and stores it in the Faraday cage capacitor bank. The energy storage unit adopts an innovative hybrid configuration method, combining a copper mesh and a ferrite composite shielding layer, which not only ensures the high efficiency of energy storage but also improves the anti-interference ability. The control module monitors the capacitor voltage in real time, accurately controls the timing of energy release, and realizes precise synchronous control of the pulse discharge unit. In the self-cleaning execution module, the Marx generator and the cleaning mechanism cooperate closely to generate a powerful shock wave using high-voltage pulses to remove dust accumulation and restore the performance of the equipment. The communication module remotely uploads the key information of the equipment operation to achieve intelligent operation and maintenance management.

[0032] 2. This utility model recovers and utilizes arc energy, converts it into useful power consumption such as self-cleaning, greatly improves the energy utilization efficiency, reduces the overall energy consumption of the photovoltaic system, reduces energy waste, conforms to the current trend of green energy conservation and development, helps the photovoltaic power station reduce operating costs and improve economic benefits. In terms of improving the reliability and stability of the equipment, the collaborative work of each module effectively prevents the thermal damage and accelerated aging of internal components caused by arcs, and timely removes the surface dust accumulation to avoid poor heat dissipation and degradation of insulation performance, thereby prolonging the service life of the junction box and photovoltaic modules, reducing the equipment failure rate, ensuring the continuous and stable power generation of the photovoltaic power station, and enhancing the adaptability and robustness of the system in complex operating environments. At the level of operation and maintenance management, the real-time data upload function of the remote communication module enables operation and maintenance personnel to break through geographical restrictions, master the equipment operation status at any time and anywhere, discover and respond to faults in a timely manner, realize refined and intelligent operation and maintenance management, reduce the labor inspection cost and time cost, improve the operation and maintenance efficiency and response speed, ensure the power generation efficiency and power quality of the photovoltaic power station, and has significant application value especially for large-scale distributed photovoltaic power stations, which strongly promotes the technological progress and intelligent development process of the photovoltaic industry. Description of the Drawings

[0033] The present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the circuit structure of the self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box of the present utility model;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a control flow chart of the self-cleaning execution module of the present utility model;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the arc detection module of the present utility model;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the energy conversion module of the present utility model.

[0038] In the figure: 1. Arc detection module; 2. Energy conversion module; 3. Control module; 4. Self-cleaning execution module; 5. Communication module. Specific embodiments

[0039] The present utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments:

[0040] Embodiment 1

[0041] As Figures 1-4 shown, the present utility model provides a circuit structure of a self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box, including:

[0042] An arc detection module 1. In this solution, the arc detection module 1 includes: a high-frequency current sensor unit for detecting arc characteristic signals of 10 kHz - 1 MHz; a wavelet transform algorithm unit embedded in the charge and discharge management unit for analyzing the current signals generated by the arc and determining the arc level. In this embodiment, the high-frequency current sensor unit selects an HCS-20M type high-frequency current sensor to detect arc characteristic signals in the frequency range of 10 kHz - 1 MHz. In other implementations, the sensitivity of the sensor unit can be adjusted according to the actual operating conditions of the photovoltaic junction box and the possible frequency range of the arc generation to improve the accuracy of arc detection. During actual operation, the arc detection module 1 monitors the current situation inside the junction box in real time. Once an arc characteristic signal is detected, a trigger signal is quickly generated to start subsequent energy conversion and self-cleaning processes.

[0043] The energy conversion module 2, connected to the arc detection module 1, includes a high-frequency rectification unit and an energy storage unit. The high-frequency rectification unit converts arc energy into direct current. The energy storage unit includes a Faraday cage capacitor bank for storing the converted electrical energy. In this embodiment, a three-stage cascaded rectification circuit is adopted, and each stage of the circuit includes a fast-recovery diode and a high-voltage ceramic capacitor. The three-stage rectification circuit sequentially boosts the voltage of the high-frequency arc pulse from 1 kV to 5 kV to match the high-frequency characteristics of the arc pulse. A TVS diode array is configured at the input end of each stage to suppress transient overvoltage and protect the subsequent circuit. The energy storage unit is connected by a hybrid configuration of stacked ceramic capacitors and supercapacitors, including connection methods such as partial parallel and partial series. According to the total capacity and withstand voltage requirements of the direct current, the number of stacked ceramic capacitors and supercapacitors and the specific connection method are reasonably determined.

[0044] In this embodiment, a hybrid configuration method of connecting 3 stacked ceramic capacitors in parallel and then connecting them in series with 2 supercapacitors is adopted to meet specific energy storage requirements and withstand voltage standards. The outside of the energy storage unit is wrapped with a copper mesh and ferrite composite shielding layer to ensure that electromagnetic interference can be significantly reduced, and the stability and anti-interference of energy storage are guaranteed. During actual operation, when the arc energy is converted into direct current by the high-frequency rectification unit, the energy storage unit stores it and provides energy support for subsequent self-cleaning operations.

[0045] An IGBT power switch is set in the discharge circuit of the energy storage unit. In this embodiment, the IGBT power switch uses CM600DY-24S. The gate of the IGBT power switch is connected to the fiber optic trigger circuit of the control module 3. When the control module 3 sends an energy release instruction to the IGBT power switch, the energy storage unit discharges; when the control module 3 sends a restart charging instruction to the IGBT power switch, the discharge circuit is closed and the charging process is restarted.

[0046] The control module 3, connected to the energy storage unit, is used to monitor the voltage state of the capacitor bank and generate an energy release instruction or a restart charging instruction when the voltage reaches a preset threshold. This module includes: a voltage monitoring unit. In this embodiment, an AD7606 type 16-bit high-precision ADC chip is adopted to monitor the voltage of the energy storage unit in real time, and the sampling frequency is 1 MHz; a charge and discharge management unit: in this embodiment, an STMH743 chip is adopted. When the monitored voltage is higher than the preset upper threshold, an energy release instruction is generated. When the monitored voltage is lower than the preset lower threshold, a restart charging instruction is generated; a fiber optic trigger circuit: in this embodiment, an HFBR fiber optic transmitter is adopted to transmit the instruction of the charge and discharge management unit to the IGBT power switch of the energy storage unit in the form of optical pulses and feedback it to the communication module 5 to avoid electromagnetic interference affecting signal transmission.

[0047] The voltage monitoring unit in the control module 3 detects the voltage of the capacitor bank in the energy storage unit in real time. In this embodiment, a sampling frequency of 10 kHz to 100 kHz is adopted, combined with a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter, to achieve high-precision acquisition of the voltage state of the capacitor bank. When the voltage monitoring unit detects that the voltage of the capacitor bank reaches the preset upper threshold or lower threshold, the charge and discharge management unit generates an energy release instruction or a restart charging instruction. The determination of the preset threshold needs to comprehensively consider factors such as the capacity of the energy storage unit, the working voltage required by the self-cleaning execution module 4, and the safety operation requirements of the junction box. In this embodiment, the preset upper threshold is set to 80% of the rated voltage of the energy storage unit, and the preset lower threshold is set to 15% of the rated voltage of the energy storage unit, so as to ensure that while meeting the energy requirements for self-cleaning operations, potential safety hazards to the junction box caused by excessive voltage are avoided.

[0048] The self-cleaning execution module 4 includes a pulse discharge unit and a cleaning mechanism. This module includes: Pulse discharge unit: An 8-stage Marx generator is adopted, and each stage is configured with a hydrogen thyratron. After the control signal is triggered, the hydrogen thyratron conducts within 50 ns to achieve capacitor voltage superposition and output a high-voltage pulse with a peak value of 100 kV; Cleaning mechanism: It consists of a tungsten electrode pair and a ceramic insulation layer. The high-voltage pulse ionizes the air through the electrode to generate a plasma shock wave, which effectively removes surface dust and salt spray crystals.

[0049] In this embodiment, the distance between the tungsten electrode pairs is set to 3 mm. The thickness of the ceramic insulation layer is 5 mm to generate an appropriate plasma shock wave, which can not only remove stubborn dust but also prevent damage to the surface of the junction box.

[0050] The communication module 5 includes an Ethernet communication interface and conducts data transmission with the host computer according to the TCP / IP communication protocol. In this embodiment, a W5500-type hardware TCP / IP protocol stack chip is adopted and connected to the host computer through an RJ45 interface to upload the arc occurrence time, energy recovery amount, and cleaning operation records in real time.

[0051] The circuit structure also includes shielded cables and filter circuits. The shielded cables connect between the modules, including the data arc detection module 1 and the energy conversion module 2, the energy conversion module 2 and the control module 3, the control module 3 and the self-cleaning execution module 4, and the self-cleaning execution module 4 and the communication module 5, etc. When installing the shielded cable, it is necessary to ensure that its shielding layer is intact and properly grounded to effectively reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference in the production line environment on the junction box circuit.

[0052] In this embodiment, the filtering circuit uses Belden 8761 type twisted pair shielded cable to connect the arc detection module 1, the energy conversion module 2, the control module 3, the self-cleaning execution module 4 and the communication module 5, reducing the influence of electromagnetic interference on signal transmission. And a π-type LC filter is configured between the energy conversion module 2 and the control module 3 to filter out high-frequency noise signals and improve the voltage monitoring accuracy. Through the combined action of the shielded cable and the filtering circuit, the influence of electromagnetic interference and noise on the junction box circuit system can be effectively reduced, the reliability and accuracy of signal transmission between modules can be improved, and the stable operation of the entire self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box circuit structure can be ensured.

[0053] Next, the working principle of the circuit structure of the self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box will be specifically described.

[0054] The circuit structure of the self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box mainly consists of an arc detection module 1, an energy conversion module 2, a control module 3, a self-cleaning execution module 4 and a communication module 5. The high-frequency current sensor unit in the arc detection module 1 monitors the current inside the junction box in real time. Once the arc characteristic signal in the range of 10 kHz to 1 MHz is detected, the wavelet transform algorithm unit analyzes the current signal to determine the arc level and generates a trigger signal. After receiving the trigger signal, the energy conversion module 2 starts to work. The high-frequency rectification unit uses a three-stage cascaded rectifier circuit, and each stage includes a fast-recovery diode and a high-voltage ceramic capacitor, which can gradually increase the output voltage to match the high-frequency characteristics of the arc pulse. At the same time, the diode array configured at the input end of each stage provides overvoltage protection. The arc energy after rectification is converted into direct current. The energy storage unit is connected by a stacked ceramic capacitor and a super capacitor in a hybrid configuration, and is externally wrapped with a copper mesh and ferrite composite shielding layer to store the converted electrical energy, reduce electromagnetic interference and ensure stable energy storage. The voltage monitoring unit in the control module 3 detects the voltage of the energy storage unit in real time. When the voltage reaches the preset threshold, the charge and discharge management unit generates an energy release instruction or a restart charging instruction, and controls the start and stop of the IGBT switch for charging and discharging through the fiber optic trigger circuit. The pulse discharge unit in the self-cleaning execution module 4 is a Marx generator, which includes 8 series-connected hydrogen thyratrons. After receiving the energy release instruction, it quickly conducts to achieve capacitor voltage superposition and generate a high-voltage pulse output. The tungsten electrode pair and the ceramic insulation layer of the cleaning mechanism ionize the air under the action of high-voltage pulses to generate a plasma shock wave to remove the dust on the surface of the junction box. The communication module 5 uploads the arc event data and the cleaning status to the external monitoring system through the Ethernet communication interface according to the TCP / IP protocol to achieve remote monitoring and management. In addition, the shielded cable connects each module to reduce electromagnetic interference, and the filtering circuit filters out noise signals to enhance the stability of signal transmission.

[0055] The circuit structure of the self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box realizes the deep integration and collaborative operation of functions such as arc detection, energy conversion and storage, self-cleaning execution, and remote communication. It can effectively solve the problems in the prior art such as passive prevention of arc generation, arc energy waste, insufficient self-cleaning ability, and lack of data feedback. By accurately detecting arcs, efficiently converting and storing arc energy, using high-voltage pulses to generate shock waves for self-cleaning, and real-time remote monitoring and management, the safety, self-maintenance ability, energy utilization efficiency, and intelligent level of the photovoltaic junction box are significantly improved, the operation cost and the frequency of manual intervention are reduced, the adaptability and reliability of the equipment in complex environments are enhanced, which provides strong support for the stable operation of the photovoltaic system, improving the power generation efficiency, and promoting the intelligent development of the photovoltaic industry, and has significant technical effects and application value.

[0056] The above has generally described the present utility model in detail, but based on the present utility model, some modifications or improvements can be made, which are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present utility model are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning anti-arc photovoltaic junction box circuit structure, characterized in that Including: An arc detection module (1) for real-time monitoring of the internal arc signal of the junction box and generating a trigger signal; An energy conversion module (2), connected to the arc detection module (1), including a high-frequency rectification unit and an energy storage unit. The high-frequency rectification unit converts arc energy into direct current, and the energy storage unit includes a Faraday cage capacitor bank for storing the converted electrical energy; A control module (3), connected to the energy storage unit, for monitoring the voltage state of the capacitor bank and generating an energy release instruction or a restart charging instruction when the voltage reaches a preset threshold; A self-cleaning execution module (4), including a pulse discharge unit and a cleaning mechanism. The pulse discharge unit is directly connected to the energy storage unit through an electromagnetic relay for converting the electrical energy in the energy storage unit into high-voltage pulses; the cleaning mechanism generates shock waves through the high-voltage pulses to remove dust on the surface of the junction box; A communication module (5) for uploading arc event data, the charge and discharge status, and the cleaning status of the energy storage unit to an external monitoring system.

2. The circuit structure of a self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box according to claim 1, wherein: The high-frequency rectification unit adopts a three-stage cascaded rectification circuit. Each stage of the rectification circuit includes a fast-recovery diode and a high-voltage ceramic capacitor for gradually increasing the output voltage to match the high-frequency characteristics of the arc pulse; a diode array is configured at the input end of each stage of the rectification circuit for overvoltage protection.

3. The circuit structure of a self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage unit is connected in a hybrid configuration by stacked ceramic capacitors and supercapacitors to meet the total capacity and withstand voltage requirements for direct current; the outside of the energy storage unit is wrapped with a copper mesh and ferrite composite shielding layer; An IGBT power switch is provided in the discharge circuit of the energy storage unit. The gate of the IGBT power switch is connected to the fiber trigger circuit of the control module (3). When the control module (3) sends an energy release instruction to the IGBT power switch, the energy storage unit discharges; when the control module (3) sends a restart charging instruction to the IGBT power switch, the discharge circuit is closed and the charging process is restarted.

4. The circuit structure of a self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module (3) includes: A voltage monitoring unit for real-time monitoring of the voltage of the energy storage unit; A charge and discharge management unit for generating an energy release instruction when the monitored voltage is higher than a preset upper threshold and generating a restart charging instruction when the monitored voltage is lower than a preset lower threshold; A fiber trigger circuit for sending the instruction of the charge and discharge management unit to the IGBT power switch of the energy storage unit and feeding it back to the communication module (5).

5. The circuit structure of a self-cleaning anti-arc photovoltaic junction box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulse discharge unit is a Marx generator. The Marx generator includes 8 stages of hydrogen thyratrons connected in series. After the current surges, the hydrogen thyratrons are quickly turned on to realize the voltage superposition of each stage of capacitors and generate a high-voltage pulse output.

6. The circuit structure of a self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box according to claim 1, wherein: The cleaning mechanism includes tungsten electrode pairs and a ceramic insulating layer for ionizing air to generate plasma shock waves.

7. The circuit structure of a self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc detection module (1) includes: A high-frequency current sensor unit for detecting arc characteristic signals of 10 kHz - 1 MHz; A wavelet transform algorithm unit embedded in the charge and discharge management unit for analyzing the current signal generated by the arc and determining the arc level.

8. The circuit structure of a self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module (5) includes an Ethernet communication interface for data transmission with the upper computer according to the TCP / IP communication protocol to realize remote monitoring and management functions.

9. The circuit structure of a self-cleaning arc-proof photovoltaic junction box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circuit structure further includes a shielded cable and a filter circuit. The shielded cable connects the arc detection module (1) to the energy conversion module (2), the energy conversion module (2) to the control module (3), the control module (3) to the self-cleaning execution module (4), and the self-cleaning execution module (4) to the communication module (5) to reduce electromagnetic interference in the production line environment. The filter circuit is connected between the control module (3) and the energy conversion module (2) to filter out noise signals in the collected data.

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