Tunnel deformation measuring device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel test analysis, and discloses a tunnel deformation measuring device, which comprises a track module, a sliding module, a sensor module, a support pad module, a transmission module, a recording plate module and a horizontal calibration module, the track module is arranged in the length direction of the tunnel; the sliding module is embedded into the track module; the supporting pad module is arranged on the sliding module; the sensor module is arranged on the supporting pad module; the sensor module performs signal transmission with the recording board module through the transmission module; the horizontal calibration module provides reference for horizontal placement of the track module. The utility model provides a measurement scheme which adapts to the size and shape change of a tunnel, has a calibration function, is easy to operate and saves time, and can solve the problems of limited sensor installation, high instrument cost, inconvenience in operation, difficulty in comprehensive test and the like during measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel measurement and analysis, in particular to a tunnel deformation measuring device. Background Art

[0002] Underground structures are the backbone of urban underground space development, with various types of tunnels representing the majority, and small-section tunnels being a key component. However, tunnel structures inevitably face the challenges of complex external environments during construction and operation, which can lead to structural deformation and instability. Analyzing the impact of complex conditions on small tunnel structures and testing their structural mechanics can guide practical engineering approaches to these challenges. Structural deformation measurement is a key area of ​​research in this area. However, due to practical limitations such as cost and site availability, it is sometimes difficult to obtain on-site deformation data for small tunnels.

[0003] In practical engineering, small tunnels have small cross-sectional dimensions and limited internal space. To measure internal deformation during construction or operation, the traditional method involves deploying specialized instruments at specific locations for measurement. However, due to construction constraints, space limitations, instrument size, and cost, the placement of measurement equipment is limited, making it difficult to comprehensively measure and reflect the deformation characteristics of the small tunnel's overall structure under the influence of external conditions. To address these issues, such as limited installation of test instruments, high instrument costs, awkward operation, and difficulty in comprehensive testing, a simple, low-cost, compact, and highly precise measurement device is needed to comprehensively measure structural deformation and provide guidance for practical engineering applications. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the existing testing technology, the utility model provides a tunnel deformation measurement device, which adopts a modular design and utilizes the scalability of the bracket and the adjustability of the track to facilitate the device to adapt to the tunnel line shape and spatial structure; adopts a horizontal calibration module to improve the accuracy of measurement; uses a recording board module to facilitate processing and storage, and displays the deformation of the tunnel in real time; the utility model provides a compact, lightweight and cost-controlled solution for testing actual engineering construction.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions.

[0006] A tunnel deformation measurement device includes a track module, a sliding module, a sensor module, a support pad module, a transmission module, a recording plate module, and a horizontal calibration module; the track module is arranged along the length direction of the tunnel; the sliding module is embedded in the track module; the support pad module is arranged on the sliding module; the sensor module is arranged on the support pad module; the sensor module transmits signals to the recording plate module via the transmission module; and the horizontal calibration module provides a reference for the horizontal placement of the track module.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the track module includes a slide rail, a bracket, a motor, and a traction device; the slide rail is arranged on the bracket; the motor drives the traction device; and the traction device is connected to the sliding module.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the bracket includes a first bracket, several second brackets, and several third brackets; the slide rail is arranged on the first bracket; the first bracket is telescopically adjustable along the length direction of the tunnel to match the length of the slide rail; the first bracket is arranged on several second brackets, and each second bracket is telescopically adjustable to adjust the placement height and inclination angle of the slide rail; the motor is arranged on the third bracket; the traction device includes a transmission shaft, a bobbin and a traction rope; the motor drives the transmission shaft to rotate; the bobbin is arranged on the third bracket; both ends of the traction rope are connected to the sliding module, and the traction rope passes around the transmission shaft and bobbin arranged at both ends of the slide rail length.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the track module includes two sets of motors and traction devices, which are respectively arranged at both ends of the slide rail to drive the sliding module in a single direction along the length of the tunnel.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, a universal wheel is installed at the bottom of the second bracket.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the sliding rail of the track module includes several first curved tracks, straight tracks and second curved tracks; the first curved tracks and the second curved tracks are respectively used for turning in opposite directions; the first curved tracks, straight tracks and the second curved tracks are spliced ​​and fixed according to the tunnel line shape.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the support pad module is a multifaceted prism; the sensor module includes a plurality of distance sensors, each of which is fixed on a cylindrical surface of the multifaceted prism.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the sliding module is a rectangular parallelepiped with a groove at the bottom, and a ball is installed in the groove for rolling connection with the track module; the sensor module is an infrared detection device; and the support pad module is a transparent plate.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the recording board module includes a power supply device, a display screen, a wiring hub, a signal conversion device, and a development board; the power supply device and the display screen are arranged on the development board, and the power supply device supplies power to the display screen and the development board; the signal of the sensor module is transmitted to the development board via the signal conversion device and the wiring hub; the transmission module is used to connect the sensor module, the signal conversion device, the wiring hub and the development board to each other.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the horizontal calibration module is a laser level device.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The sliding module of this device allows the measuring device to perform continuous and linear deformation monitoring inside the tunnel; the track module provides a stable and continuous movement path for the sliding module; the sensor module can capture tiny changes in the tunnel structure when it is subjected to force or deformation; the support pad module provides a stable support platform for the sensor module, and can also play a role in buffering and shock absorption, protecting the sensor from potential influences of the internal environment of the tunnel; the transmission module ensures the real-time and accuracy of data transmission; the recording board module receives the data signal from the transmission module, and processes and stores it for real-time display of the deformation of the tunnel, and for long-term storage of data for subsequent analysis; the horizontal calibration module provides a reference for the horizontal placement of the track module, ensuring the accuracy of the entire measurement system and avoiding measurement errors caused by tilt or unevenness.

[0018] Preferably, the slide rail can adjust its length along the length direction of the tunnel through the retractable capacity of the first bracket to meet the length requirements of the slide rail; at the same time, the slide rail can adjust its height and inclination through the retractable capacity of the second bracket to calibrate the level of the track module, thereby improving the measurement accuracy; and the traction rope is passed around the transmission shaft and the bobbin arranged at both ends of the length of the slide rail, which facilitates the synchronous rotation of the transmission shaft and the bobbin, allowing the sliding module to translate at a uniform speed, thereby improving the stability of measurement during movement.

[0019] Preferably, the slide rail is composed of a plurality of first curved rails, straight rails and second curved rails, which can be applied to the turns of tunnels with large curvatures to ensure that the rails are arranged in the center of the tunnel; this design avoids frequent adjustments and improves measurement accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. In addition, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components in the drawings are merely schematic and are used to help understand the present invention, and are not intended to specifically limit the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tunnel deformation measurement device described in the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the slider in the utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the support pad module in the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the track module in the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the straight track and the curved track in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the splicing track in the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the recording board module in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal calibration module in the present invention;

[0029] Among them, 1. Track module, 2. Sliding module, 3. Sensor module, 4. Support pad module, 5. Transmission module, 6. Recording board module, 7. Leveling calibration module, 21. Hook, 22. Ball bearing, 61. Power supply unit, 62. Display screen, 63. Cable hub, 64. Signal conversion device, 65. Development board, 101. Slide rail, 102. First bracket, 103. Motor, 104. Drive shaft, 105. Second bracket, 106. Spool, 107. Traction rope, 108. Third bracket, 109. First curved track, 110. Straight track, 111. Second curved track. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following will be combined with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an element centered thereon. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an element centered thereon. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of this invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] As attached Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a tunnel deformation measurement device that can be used as a solution for actual testing projects. It includes a track module 1, a sliding module 2, a sensor module 3, a support pad module 4, a transmission module 5, a recording board module 6, and a horizontal calibration module 7. The sliding module 2 is inserted into the support pad module 4, and the sensor module 3 is attached to the support pad module 4.

[0035] like Figure 5-6 As shown, based on the test tunnel's straight or curved shape and length, several linear tracks 110, curved tracks 109 with different turning radii and directions, and curved tracks 111 are assembled and connected using screws, bolts, or snaps to ensure tightness and stability, forming a slide rail 101. The sliding module 2 is inserted into the horizontally positioned slide rail 101. The slide rail 101 is supported and fixed by a first bracket 102, and its height and movement are adjusted by a second bracket 105. Motors 103 are located on both sides of the slide rail 101, and their height is adjusted by a third bracket 108. The horizontal calibration module 7 aligns the slide rail surface with the horizontal plane. A traction rope 107 is wound around a spool 106; a hook 21 is connected to the traction rope 107. The motor 103 drives the drive shaft 104, which drives the spool 106, controlling the sliding module 2 to slide at a constant speed. The sensor module 3 is connected to the recording board module 6 via the transmission module 5. The transmission module 5 can be a data cable or a wireless transmission device. Once the sliding module 2 has completely passed through the tunnel, the data is recorded by the recording board module 6.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] As attached Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a tunnel deformation measurement device, including a track module 1, a sliding module 2, a sensor module 3, a support pad module 4, a transmission module 5, a recording plate template 6, and a horizontal calibration module 7.

[0038] The hooks 21 are arranged on both sides of the sliding module 2. The sliding module 2 is inserted into the support pad module 4. The support pad module 4 is a transparent plate, which is made of acrylic plate or glass plate. Figure 3As shown, the support pad module 4 is a polygonal prism, and the sensor module 3 is attached to the side of each prism of the support pad module 4. The sliding module 2 is inserted into the horizontal guide rail. According to the actual tunnel shape, the track 110, track 109, and track 111 can be assembled to form the slide rail 101. The slide rail 101 is connected and fixed to the first bracket 102. The first bracket 102 is bolted to the second bracket 105 to adjust the track height. Then, the horizontal laser instrument 7 is placed and started. Figure 8 As shown, the plane where the slide rail 101 is located is calibrated with the projected horizontal line, and then the heights of the four second brackets 105 are adjusted respectively to level the plane of the slide rail 101. The heights of the four second brackets 105 can be unified first, and then fine-tuned two or one by one. Leveling can significantly reduce the systematic error caused by the tilt of the instrument, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement; when the instrument is leveled, the measurement process is more stable and reliable, reducing repeated measurements due to errors, thereby improving measurement efficiency; in some measurements at high altitudes or in dangerous environments, leveling can ensure the stability and safety of the instrument and avoid safety hazards caused by tilt. The second bracket 105 also adjusts the direction of track movement so that the slide rail 101 is in the center line of the tunnel, improving the stability and accuracy of the measurement. The motor 103 drives the transmission shaft 104 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. The two ends of the traction rope 107 are respectively connected to the sliding module 2. The loop formed by the traction rope 107 and the sliding module 2 is tightened and driven by the transmission shaft 104 and the spool 106 set at both ends of the length of the slide rail 101, thereby realizing the reciprocating motion of the sliding module 2 on the slide rail 101. The traction rope 107 can be made of a nylon rope with a diameter of 1mm. The motor 103 is connected to the third bracket 108 to adjust the height. Figure 7 As shown, the sensor module 3, signal conversion device 64, and line hub 63 are connected to each other via the transmission module 5, and the power supply unit 61 and display screen 62 are located on the development board 65. The sensor module 3 collects tunnel dimension data, the signal conversion device 64 converts these raw signals into digital signals that can be processed by the system, and the line hub 63 is used to collect and organize these signals and then transmit them to the development board 65 via the transmission module 5. The development board 65 can be a circuit board that integrates various electronic components and interfaces, used for developing, testing, or operating specific electronic equipment or systems. The power supply unit 61 can be a device that provides power to the entire system, such as a battery or power adapter. The display screen 62 is used to display information such as system status, data, or user interface.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] The tunnel deformation measurement device described in this embodiment includes a track module 1, a sliding module 2, a sensor module 3, a support pad module 4, a transmission module 5, a recording board module 6, and a horizontal calibration module 7. This embodiment is suitable for measuring small tunnels or tunnel models.

[0041] Glue hooks 21 to both sides of the sliding module 2. An octahedral acrylic support plate is bonded to it, and then the sensor module 3 is installed. The sliding module 2 is mounted on one end of the slide rail 101. The slide rail 101 is connected to the first bracket 102. The bottom of the first bracket 102 is fixedly connected to the second bracket 105, which is connected to the universal wheel. The track module 1 is placed in the tunnel, with the sliding module 2 at the starting point of the track. The motor 103 is connected to the third bracket 108 and placed on one side of the tunnel.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, the sliding module 2 can be a stainless steel cubic block with a length × height × width = 5cm × 4cm × 4cm. A groove with a height × width of 3cm × 3cm is provided at the bottom of the cubic block. Figure 4 As shown, the spatial dimensions of the slide rail 101 are: width × height = 3 cm × 1 cm, and the side length of the octahedral acrylic plate is 2.2 cm. The dimensions of the motor 103 are: long edge = 3 cm, diagonal edge = 0.5 cm. The radius of the drive shaft 104 is 1 cm. The first bracket 102 of the guide rail is a truss structure made of hinged steel bars. The steel bar dimensions are: length × width = 2 × 1 cm. The second bracket 105 of the guide rail is: length × width = 2 × 2 cm, and is height-adjustable. The dimensions of the third bracket 108 are: length × width = 2 cm × 2 cm, and the radius of the ball 22 is 0.2 cm. The dimensions of the sensor are: length × height × width = 1 cm × 0.2 cm × 1 cm. The length of the hook 21 is 0.5 cm. The traction rope 107 is a chain that can bend or straighten, and has a certain degree of rigidity when straightened. After the traction rope 107 is wrapped around the drive shaft 104, the drive shaft 104 is driven by the motor 103. The other end of the traction rope 107 is fastened to the hook 21. The power supply unit 61 drives the motor 103 through the power line. The sensor module 3 is connected to the recording board module 6 through the transmission module 5.

[0043] The utility model also provides a method for measuring tunnel deformation, comprising the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Install the sliding module 2 into the octahedral acrylic plate of the support pad module 4, attach the sensor module 3 at different measurement positions of the octahedron according to the measurement requirements, and nest the sliding module 2 into one end of the slide rail 101;

[0045] Step 2: Determine the track length according to the length of the tunnel, preset the first bracket 102 according to the track size, assemble the track module 1 into the required shape, connect the slide rail 101 to the first bracket 102, and then install the second bracket 105;

[0046] Step 3: Place the laser level 7 next to the slide rail 101, turn on the level 7 to calibrate the plane of the slide rail 101, and adjust the second bracket 105 to keep the slide rail plane level;

[0047] Step 4: Connect the motor 103 to the third bracket 108 and place it on both sides of the tunnel. After winding the traction rope 107 around the spool 106, fix the spool 106 on the transmission shaft 104, and then install the transmission shaft 104 on the motor 103.

[0048] Step 5: Connect one end of the traction rope 107 to the hook 21, connect the sensor module 3 to the signal conversion device 64 through the transmission module 5, connect the signal conversion device 64 to the line hub 63 through the transmission module 5, assemble the display screen 62 and the power supply device 61 on the development board 65, and connect the line hub 63 to the development board 65 through the transmission module 5;

[0049] Step 6: Push the track module 1 into the test tunnel to complete the preparation work;

[0050] Step 7: Start the motor 103 to make the spool 106 rotate at a constant speed, driving the slider to move at a constant speed. When the slider completely passes through the tunnel, the data collection is completed, and the motor 103 is turned off to complete the measurement.

[0051] The automated tunnel measurement device described in the utility model can study the comprehensive deformation of the tunnel under various working conditions, improve the accuracy and richness of the measurement results, and has high application value in the field of tunnel engineering construction.

[0052] The above embodiment is only one of the implementation methods that can realize the technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited only to this embodiment, but also includes within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes, replacements and other implementation methods that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with this technical field.

Claims

1. A tunnel deformation measuring device, characterized in that: It includes a track module (1), a sliding module (2), a sensor module (3), a support pad module (4), a transmission module (5), a recording board module (6) and a horizontal calibration module (7); The track module (1) is arranged along the length direction of the tunnel; the sliding module (2) is embedded in the track module (1); The support pad module (4) is arranged on the sliding module (2); the sensor module (3) is arranged on the support pad module (4); The sensor module (3) transmits signals to the recording board module (6) via the transmission module (5); The horizontal calibration module (7) provides a reference for the horizontal placement of the track module (1).

2. The tunnel deformation measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The track module (1) comprises a slide rail (101), a bracket, a motor (103), and a traction device; the slide rail (101) is arranged on the bracket; the motor (103) drives the traction device; and the traction device is connected to the slide module (2).

3. The tunnel deformation measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bracket includes a first bracket (102), a plurality of second brackets (105), and a plurality of third brackets (108); The slide rail (101) is arranged on a first bracket (102); the first bracket (102) is telescopically adjustable along the length direction of the tunnel, and is used to match the length of the slide rail (101); The first bracket (102) is arranged on a plurality of second brackets (105), and each second bracket (105) is telescopically adjustable and is used to adjust the placement height and tilt angle of the slide rail (101); The motor (103) is arranged on a third bracket (108); The traction device comprises a transmission shaft (104), a bobbin (106) and a traction rope (107); the motor (103) drives the transmission shaft (104) to rotate; the bobbin (106) is arranged on a third bracket (108); both ends of the traction rope (107) are connected to the sliding module (2), and the traction rope (107) passes around the transmission shaft (104) and the bobbin (106) arranged at both ends of the length of the slide rail (101).

4. The tunnel deformation measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The track module (1) comprises two sets of motors (103) and traction devices, which are respectively arranged at both ends of the length of the slide rail (101) to drive the sliding module (2) in a single direction along the length of the tunnel.

5. The tunnel deformation measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Universal wheels are installed at the bottom of the second bracket (105).

6. A tunnel deformation measuring device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: The slide rail (101) of the track module (1) comprises a plurality of first curved tracks (109), straight tracks (110) and second curved tracks (111); the first curved tracks (109) and the second curved tracks (111) are respectively used for turning in opposite directions; the first curved tracks (109), the straight tracks (110) and the second curved tracks (111) are spliced ​​and fixed according to the tunnel line shape.

7. A tunnel deformation measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The support pad module (4) is a multifaceted prism; the sensor module (3) comprises a plurality of distance sensors, each of which is fixed on a cylindrical surface of the multifaceted prism.

8. A tunnel deformation measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The sliding module (2) is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, with a groove at the bottom, and a ball (22) installed in the groove for rolling connection with the track module (1); the sensor module (3) is an infrared detection device; and the support pad module (4) is a transparent plate.

9. A tunnel deformation measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The recording board module (6) includes a power supply device (61), a display screen (62), a line collection device (63), a signal conversion device (64), and a development board (65); The power supply device (61) and the display screen (62) are arranged on a development board (65), and the power supply device (61) supplies power to the display screen (62) and the development board (65); The signal of the sensor module (3) is transmitted to the development board (65) via the signal conversion device (64) and the line hub (63); The transmission module (5) is used to connect the sensor module (3), the signal conversion device (64), the line hub (63) and the development board (65) to each other.

10. A tunnel deformation measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The horizontal calibration module (7) is a laser level device.

Images