Antenna structure, vehicle-mounted antenna and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model provides an antenna structure, a vehicle-mounted antenna and a vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle parts, and the antenna structure comprises an antenna assembly and a reflector. The antenna assembly comprises a first antenna and a second antenna which are oppositely arranged; the reflector is disposed between the first antenna and the second antenna, and the reflector is configured to reflect the first antenna. According to the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the invention, the signal of the first antenna can be reflected through the reflecting piece, the coverage range of the first antenna is adjusted, the coverage defect is reduced, and the application scene of the antenna structure is expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vehicle components, and in particular to an antenna structure, a vehicle-mounted antenna, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the gradual advancement of smart cars, the application scope of wireless communications in these vehicles continues to expand. Intelligent driving and connected vehicles have significantly increased the accuracy, throughput, and latency requirements for automotive communications. Wireless communications in vehicles require antenna structures, typically installed on the vehicle roof. To enhance the vehicle's aesthetics, multiple antennas are often integrated. However, antenna structures installed on curved roofs are susceptible to the curvature, resulting in coverage defects and impacting wireless communications. Utility Model Content

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide an antenna structure, a vehicle-mounted antenna, and a vehicle, which can reduce the impact of the curvature of the vehicle roof on the antenna structure, reduce coverage defects, and expand the applicable scenarios of the antenna structure.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to a first aspect of the present application, an antenna structure is provided, comprising:

[0005] An antenna assembly, the antenna assembly comprising a first antenna and a second antenna arranged opposite to each other;

[0006] The reflector is disposed between the first antenna and the second antenna and is configured to reflect the first antenna.

[0007] Optionally, the adjustment mechanism is further connected to the second antenna driver, and the adjustment mechanism is configured to adjust the pitch angle and / or rotation angle of the second antenna.

[0008] Optionally, the reflector has a reflective surface arranged toward the first antenna;

[0009] The reflecting surface is a concave surface.

[0010] Optionally, the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction; the reflector includes a first reflective plate, a second reflective plate and a third reflective plate connected in sequence;

[0011] The plane where the second reflector is located is perpendicular to the first direction, the first reflector and the third reflector are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the second reflector in the second direction, and the plane where the first reflector is located and the plane where the third reflector is located are both arranged at an angle to the first direction;

[0012] The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0013] Optionally, the minimum distance between the reflector and the first antenna is 6.5 mm.

[0014] Optionally, the antenna structure further includes an adjustment mechanism, which is driven and connected to the first antenna, and is configured to adjust the pitch angle and / or rotation angle of the first antenna.

[0015] Optionally, the adjustment mechanism is further connected to the second antenna driver, and the adjustment mechanism is configured to adjust the pitch angle and / or rotation angle of the second antenna.

[0016] Optionally, the adjustment mechanism includes a first adjustment mechanism and a second adjustment mechanism;

[0017] The first adjustment mechanism is drivingly connected to the first antenna, and the first adjustment mechanism is configured to adjust the pitch angle and / or rotation angle of the first antenna;

[0018] The second adjustment mechanism is drivingly connected to the second antenna, and is configured to adjust the pitch angle and / or rotation angle of the second antenna.

[0019] Optionally, the first adjustment mechanism includes a first driving mechanism, a first transmission shaft, a second driving mechanism and a first driving rocker;

[0020] The first driving mechanism is drivingly connected to the first antenna via a first transmission shaft. The first driving mechanism is configured to drive the first transmission shaft to rotate. The first transmission shaft drives the first antenna to rotate around the first transmission shaft to adjust the rotation angle of the first antenna.

[0021] The second driving mechanism is linked to the first driving rocker drive. The first driving rocker is provided with a first through hole, and the first transmission shaft passes through the first through hole. The second driving mechanism is configured to drive the first driving rocker to swing, drive the first transmission shaft to swing, and the first transmission shaft drives the first antenna to swing to adjust the pitch angle of the first antenna.

[0022] Optionally, the second adjustment mechanism includes a third drive mechanism, a second transmission shaft, a fourth drive mechanism and a second drive rocker;

[0023] The third driving mechanism is drivingly connected to the second antenna via the second transmission shaft. The third driving mechanism is configured to drive the second transmission shaft to rotate. The second transmission shaft drives the second antenna to rotate around the second transmission shaft to adjust the rotation angle of the second antenna.

[0024] The fourth driving mechanism is linked to the second driving rocker, a second through hole is provided on the second driving rocker, and the second transmission shaft passes through the second through hole. The fourth driving mechanism is configured to drive the second driving rocker to swing, drive the second transmission shaft to swing, and the second transmission shaft drives the second antenna to swing to adjust the pitch angle of the second antenna.

[0025] Optionally, the antenna structure further includes a circuit board;

[0026] The antenna assembly and the reflector are both arranged on the circuit board.

[0027] Optionally, the end of the first antenna facing away from the circuit board has a first edge, and an angle between an orthographic projection of the first edge on the plane where the circuit board is located and the first direction is 30°-90°;

[0028] And / or, the angle between the plane where the first antenna is located and the plane where the circuit board is located is 75°-105°.

[0029] Optionally, the second antenna has a second edge at one end facing away from the circuit board, and an angle between an orthographic projection of the second edge on the plane where the circuit board is located and the first direction is 30°-90°;

[0030] And / or, the angle between the plane where the second antenna is located and the plane where the circuit board is located is 75°-105°.

[0031] Optionally, the first antenna and the second antenna are both vehicle network communication antennas.

[0032] Optionally, the first antenna and the second antenna are both V2X antennas;

[0033] And / or, the frequency of the first antenna and the second antenna is 5888 MHz-5925 MHz.

[0034] Optionally, the antenna assembly further includes a 5G antenna, which includes a 5G main antenna, a 5G secondary antenna, a first 5G MINO antenna, and a second 5G MINO antenna; wherein the plane where the 5G main antenna is located, the plane where the 5G secondary antenna is located, and the plane where the first 5G MINO antenna is located are all perpendicular to the plane where the circuit board is located, and the plane where the second 5G MINO antenna is located is parallel to the plane where the circuit board is located;

[0035] The 5G main antenna is arranged between the first antenna and the second antenna, the 5G secondary antenna is arranged between the 5G main antenna and the second antenna, the first 5G MINO antenna and the second 5G MINO antenna are arranged between the 5G main antenna and the 5G secondary antenna, and the extension direction of the 5G main antenna on the circuit board and the extension direction of the 5G secondary antenna on the circuit board intersect with each other.

[0036] Optionally, the antenna structure further includes an electromagnetic bandgap structure;

[0037] The electromagnetic band gap structure is arranged between the 5G secondary antenna and the second antenna.

[0038] Optionally, the adjustment mechanism further includes a third adjustment mechanism;

[0039] The third adjustment mechanism includes a fifth driving mechanism and a third transmission shaft, and the fifth driving mechanism is connected to the 5G main antenna through the third transmission shaft;

[0040] The third adjustment mechanism is configured to adjust the rotation angle of the 5G main antenna.

[0041] Optionally, the angle between the projection line of the 5G main antenna on the circuit board and the first direction is 90°-270°.

[0042] Optionally, the frequencies of the 5G main antenna include 700MHz-960MHz and 1.7GHz-5GHz;

[0043] and / or, the frequencies of the 5G secondary antenna include 700 MHz-960 MHz and 1.7 GHz-5 GHz;

[0044] and / or, the frequency of the first 5G MINO antenna is 1.7 GHz-5 GHz;

[0045] And / or, the frequency of the second 5G MINO antenna is 1.7 GHz-5 GHz.

[0046] Optionally, the antenna assembly further comprises a cellular antenna;

[0047] The cellular antenna is arranged between the reflector and the 5G secondary antenna.

[0048] Optionally, the cellular antenna includes a Wifi Bluetooth antenna;

[0049] And / or, the frequencies of the cellular antenna include 2400 MHz-2500 MHz and 5100 MHz-5900 MHz.

[0050] Optionally, the antenna assembly further includes a navigation and positioning antenna, which is arranged between the reflector and the cellular antenna.

[0051] Optionally, the navigation and positioning antenna includes a dual-frequency navigation and positioning antenna;

[0052] And / or, the frequencies of the navigation and positioning antenna include 1164 MHz-1214 MHz and 1559 MHz-1610 MHz.

[0053] Optionally, the antenna structure further includes a matching circuit module;

[0054] The matching circuit module is arranged on the circuit board, and the matching circuit is electrically connected to the antenna.

[0055] Optionally, the antenna structure further includes a signal analysis mechanism and a controller;

[0056] The signal analysis mechanism is in communication connection with the antenna, and the controller is in communication connection with the signal analysis mechanism and the adjustment mechanism;

[0057] The controller is configured to control the regulating mechanism according to the analysis result of the signal analyzing mechanism.

[0058] According to a second aspect of the present application, there is also provided a vehicle-mounted antenna, comprising the above antenna structure and housing;

[0059] The shell covers the periphery of the antenna structure.

[0060] According to a fourth aspect of the present application, a vehicle is also provided, comprising the above vehicle-mounted antenna.

[0061] The antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application includes an antenna assembly and a reflector. The antenna assembly includes a first antenna and a second antenna arranged relative to each other, configured to cover different directions. The reflector is disposed between the first antenna and the second antenna and is configured to reflect the first antenna, thereby reflecting the signal from the first antenna. The antenna structure provided in the present application can reflect the signal from the first antenna through the reflector, thereby adjusting the coverage range of the first antenna, reducing coverage defects, and expanding the applicable scenarios of the antenna structure.

[0062] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the subsequent detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0064] In order to more completely understand the present application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same drawing numbers represent the same parts in the following description.

[0065] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 2 is a schematic top view of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 3 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the reflector provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first adjustment mechanism and the second adjustment mechanism provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Figure 5is a structural schematic diagram of the third adjustment mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the vehicle-mounted antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0071] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the reference coordinate system used in the embodiments of the present application;

[0072] Figure 8 is the measured 3D radiation pattern of the first antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0073] Figure 9 is the 3D radiation pattern measured for the second antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0074] Figure 10 This is a comparison diagram of the effect of the reflector provided in the embodiment of the present application on the forward defect radiation direction of the vehicle antenna.

[0075] Description of reference numerals:

[0076] 1. Circuit board; 2. Antenna assembly; 3. Matching circuit; 4. Electromagnetic band gap structure; 5. Adjustment mechanism; 51. First adjustment mechanism; 511. First driving mechanism; 512. First transmission shaft; 513. Second driving mechanism; 514. First driving rocker; 52. Second adjustment mechanism; 521. Third driving mechanism; 522. Second transmission shaft; 523. Fourth driving mechanism; 524. Second driving rocker; 53. Third adjustment mechanism; 531. Fifth driving mechanism; 532. Third transmission shaft; 6. Housing; 7. Navigation and positioning antenna; 8. First antenna; 9. Second antenna; 10. Cellular antenna; 11. 5G main antenna; 12. 5G secondary antenna; 13. First 5G MINO antenna; 14. Second 5G MINO antenna; 15. Reflector; 151. First reflector; 152. Second reflector; 153. Third reflector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0078] In the first aspect, the present application provides an antenna structure, see Figure 1-Figure 2, including an antenna assembly 2 and a reflector 15. The antenna assembly 2 includes a first antenna 8 and a second antenna 9 arranged opposite to each other, for covering different directions. The reflector 15 is arranged between the first antenna 8 and the second antenna 9, and the reflector 15 is configured to reflect the first antenna 8 and can reflect the signal of the first antenna 8. The antenna structure provided in this application can reflect the signal of the first antenna 8 through the reflector 15, thereby adjusting the coverage range of the first antenna 8, reducing coverage defects, and expanding the applicable scenarios of the antenna structure.

[0079] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The reflector 15 has a reflective surface facing the first antenna 8. The reflective surface is concave. By setting the reflective surface as a concave surface, the signal from the antenna 8 can be concentrated more in the main transmission direction after reflection.

[0080] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first antenna 8 and the second antenna 9 are arranged opposite each other along the first direction X. The reflector 15 includes a first reflector 151, a second reflector 152, and a third reflector 153 connected in sequence. The plane of the second reflector 152 is perpendicular to the first direction X. The first reflector 151 and the third reflector 153 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the second reflector 152 in the second direction Y. The planes of the first reflector 151 and the third reflector 153 are both arranged at an angle to the first direction X. The second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X.

[0081] That is to say, the reflector 15 can be arranged in a semi-enclosed form around the first antenna 8, so as to better reflect the signal of the first antenna 8, reduce signal energy loss, concentrate the signal in the main transmission direction, and reduce side lobes.

[0082] For example, see Figure 3 The projection shape of the reflector 15 on the circuit board 1 is a "semi-hexagon". By optimizing the geometric parameters of the semi-hexagonal reflector, it is possible to achieve more accurate directional radiation enhancement of the first antenna 8, control the reflected wave path, concentrate the electromagnetic field in the main transmission direction, and reduce side lobes.

[0083] In some embodiments, the minimum spacing between the reflector 15 and the first antenna 8 is 6.5 mm. By properly setting the spacing between the reflector 15 and the first antenna 8, the reflection effect of the reflector 15 can be improved, and sufficient rotation space for the first antenna 8 can be left, thereby reducing interference between the two.

[0084] In some embodiments, see Figure 1The antenna structure further includes an adjustment mechanism 5 , which is drivingly connected to the first antenna 8 , and the adjustment mechanism 5 is configured to adjust the pitch angle and / or rotation angle of the first antenna 8 .

[0085] When the signal of the first antenna 8 is damaged or blocked, the adjustment mechanism 5 and the reflector 15 can cooperate with each other to further improve the adjustment effect of the first antenna 8 and expand the applicable scenarios of the antenna structure.

[0086] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 The adjustment mechanism 5 is also drivingly connected to the second antenna 9 , and the adjustment mechanism 5 is configured to adjust the pitch angle and / or rotation angle of the second antenna 9 .

[0087] By driving the adjustment mechanism 5 and being connected to the second antenna 9, the pitch angle and / or rotation angle of the second antenna 9 can be adjusted, thereby further ensuring the coverage of the second antenna 9 and expanding the application scenarios of the antenna structure.

[0088] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 The adjustment mechanism 5 includes a first adjustment mechanism 51 and a second adjustment mechanism 52. The first adjustment mechanism 51 is drivably connected to the first antenna 8 and is configured to adjust the pitch angle and rotation angle of the first antenna 8. The second adjustment mechanism 52 is drivably connected to the second antenna 9 and is configured to adjust the pitch angle and rotation angle of the second antenna 9.

[0089] That is, the pitch angle and rotation angle of the first antenna 8 and the second antenna 9 can be controlled separately, which improves the degree of freedom of control and helps to control the first antenna 8 and the second antenna 9 separately according to the application scenario of the antenna structure.

[0090] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 The first adjustment mechanism 51 includes a first drive mechanism 511, a first transmission shaft 512, a second drive mechanism 513, and a first drive rocker 514. The first drive mechanism 511 is drivably connected to the first antenna 8 via the first transmission shaft 512. The first drive mechanism 511 is configured to drive the first transmission shaft 512 to rotate, and the first transmission shaft 512 drives the first antenna 8 to rotate about the first transmission shaft 512 to adjust the rotation angle of the first antenna 8. The second drive mechanism 513 is drivably connected to the first drive rocker 514. The first drive rocker 514 is provided with a first through-hole, through which the first transmission shaft 512 passes. The second drive mechanism 513 is configured to drive the first drive rocker 514 to swing, thereby driving the first transmission shaft 512 to swing, and the first transmission shaft 512 drives the first antenna 8 to swing, thereby adjusting the pitch angle of the first antenna 8.

[0091] Specifically, the first driving mechanism 511 is arranged on a side of the circuit board 1 opposite to the antenna assembly 2, one end of the first transmission shaft 512 is connected to the first driving mechanism 511, and the other end passes through a through hole set on the circuit board 1 and is connected to the first antenna 8.

[0092] Exemplarily, the first driving mechanism 511 may be a first driving motor, which rotates to drive the first transmission shaft 512 to rotate, thereby driving the first antenna 8 connected to the first transmission shaft 512 to rotate, so as to adjust the rotation angle of the first antenna 8.

[0093] The second driving mechanism 513 is also arranged on the side of the circuit board 1 opposite to the antenna assembly 2. The second driving mechanism 513 drives the first transmission shaft 512 to swing through the first driving rocker 514, and then drives the first antenna 8 connected to the first transmission shaft 512 to swing, so as to achieve pitch angle adjustment of the first antenna 8.

[0094] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 The second adjustment mechanism 52 includes a third drive mechanism 521, a second transmission shaft 522, a fourth drive mechanism 523, and a second driving rocker 524. The third drive mechanism 521 is drivingly connected to the second antenna 9 via the second transmission shaft 522. The third drive mechanism 521 is configured to rotate the second transmission shaft 522, which in turn drives the second antenna 9 to rotate about the second transmission shaft 522 to adjust the rotation angle of the second antenna 9. The fourth drive mechanism 523 is drivingly connected to the second driving rocker 524. The second driving rocker 524 is provided with a second through-hole, through which the second transmission shaft 522 passes. The fourth drive mechanism 523 is configured to drive the second driving rocker 524 to swing, thereby driving the second transmission shaft 522 to swing, which in turn drives the second antenna 9 to swing, thereby adjusting the pitch angle of the second antenna 9.

[0095] It is understandable that the structure of the second adjustment mechanism 52 is substantially the same as that of the first adjustment mechanism 51 , and therefore will not be described in detail herein.

[0096] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 6 The antenna structure further includes a circuit board 1 , on which the antenna assembly 2 and the reflector 15 are both arranged.

[0097] Exemplarily, the circuit board 1 can be a PCB board, which has the advantages of high integration, firm connection, and reliable quality. While being stably connected to the antenna assembly 2, it improves the integration level of the antenna structure and reduces the volume occupied by the antenna structure.

[0098] Among them, the plane where the first network communication antenna 8 and the plane where the second antenna 8 are located both intersect with the plane where the circuit board 1 is located, which can improve the coverage performance of the antenna assembly 2 and enable the reflector 15 to better reflect the signal of the first antenna 8.

[0099] It is understood that, in the initial state, the planes of first antenna 8 and second antenna 9 are both perpendicular to the plane of circuit board 1. Pitch angle adjustment refers to adjusting the angle between the plane of first antenna 8 or second antenna 9 and the plane of circuit board 1. Rotation angle adjustment refers to the angle of deflection of first antenna 8 and second antenna 9 relative to the plane of circuit board 1.

[0100] In some embodiments, the first antenna 8 has a first edge at one end facing away from the circuit board, and the angle between the orthographic projection of the first edge on the plane where the circuit board 1 is located and the first direction X is 30°-90°.

[0101] The first antenna 8 is positioned forward of the vehicle, while the second antenna 9 is positioned rearward. The first antenna 8 has higher requirements for forward coverage and lower requirements for lateral coverage. By setting the angle between the orthographic projection of the first edge of the first antenna 8 on the plane of the circuit board 1 and the first direction X to 30°-90°, the rotation angle adjustment requirement can be met while ensuring forward coverage.

[0102] In some embodiments, the angle between the plane of the first antenna 8 and the plane of the circuit board 1 is 75°-105°. The first antenna 8 is a vertically polarized antenna, and its maximum polarization direction is perpendicular to the direction of the first vehicle network communication antenna 8. The pitch angle range of the first antenna 8 is relatively low. When the pitch angle is too large, there is a risk of weakening the directivity of the first antenna 8 in the horizontal plane. To adapt to the coverage range of the first antenna 8 in different application scenarios, the pitch angle can be set to ±15° (that is, the angle between the plane of the first antenna 8 and the plane of the circuit board 1 is 75°-105°).

[0103] In some embodiments, the second antenna 9 has a second edge at one end facing away from the circuit board, and the angle between the orthographic projection of the second edge on the plane where the circuit board 1 is located and the first direction is 30°-90°.

[0104] In some embodiments, the angle between the plane where the second antenna 9 is located and the plane where the circuit board 1 is located is 75°-105°.

[0105] The principle of the second antenna 9 is similar to that of the first antenna 8 . The difference between the two is that the second antenna 9 is used for rearward coverage. The other principles will not be described in detail here.

[0106] In some embodiments, the first antenna 8 and the second antenna 9 are both vehicle-to-vehicle communication antennas. Vehicle-to-vehicle communication antennas are key components for wireless communication between the vehicle and the outside world, supporting vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, enabling information sharing.

[0107] In some embodiments, both the first antenna 8 and the second antenna 9 are V2X antennas. V2X antennas can integrate multiple antenna elements, significantly improving signal gain. Using intelligent signal processing technology, V2X antennas can effectively suppress electromagnetic interference from the surrounding environment, reduce signal attenuation and distortion, and improve communication quality. Furthermore, V2X antennas are compact and can be flexibly deployed, supporting communications between vehicles and roadside infrastructure (V2I), vehicles and pedestrians (V2P), and vehicles and the cloud (V2C).

[0108] In some embodiments, the frequency of the first antenna 8 and the second antenna 9 is 5888 MHz to 5925 MHz. Within this frequency band, the first antenna 8 can fully utilize spectrum resources to achieve efficient information exchange between the vehicle and its surroundings, and can achieve a longer communication distance, facilitating information exchange between the vehicle and remote infrastructure or vehicles while reducing latency.

[0109] Furthermore, the frequency of the first antenna 8 is 5888MHz-5925MHz, vertical polarization mode, standing wave ratio <2dB, efficiency >45%, linear average gain >0dBi, isolation from other antennas >20dB, and at the pitch angle (the angle between the plane where the first antenna 8 is located and the plane where the circuit board 1 is located) θ = 89°-91°, an angle lower than the average linear gain of 10dB is considered a defect angle. When the angle φ between the projection line of the first antenna 8 on the plane where the circuit board 1 is located and the first direction X is 30°-90°, the total defect angle is less than 10%.

[0110] The frequency of the second antenna 9 is 5888MHz-5925MHz, vertical polarization mode, standing wave ratio <2dB, efficiency >45%, linear average gain >0dBi, isolation from other antennas >20dB, and at the pitch angle (the angle between the plane where the second antenna 9 is located and the plane where the circuit board 1 is located) θ = 89°-91°, an angle lower than the average linear gain of 10dB is considered a defect angle. When the angle φ between the projection line of the second antenna 9 on the plane where the circuit board 1 is located and the first direction X is 30°-90°, the total defect angle is less than 10%.

[0111] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 and Figure 2The antenna assembly 2 also includes a 5G antenna, which includes a 5G main antenna 11, a 5G secondary antenna 12, a first 5G MINO antenna 13, and a second 5G MINO antenna 14. The planes on which the 5G main antenna 11, the 5G secondary antenna 12, and the first 5G MINO antenna 13 are located are all perpendicular to the plane on which the circuit board 1 is located, while the plane on which the second 5G MINO antenna 14 is located is parallel to the plane on which the circuit board 1 is located. The 5G main antenna 11 is disposed between the first antenna 8 and the second antenna 9, the 5G secondary antenna 12 is disposed between the 5G main antenna 11 and the second antenna 9, and the first 5G MINO antenna 13 and the second 5G MINO antenna 14 are disposed between the 5G main antenna 11 and the 5G secondary antenna 12. The extension direction of the 5G main antenna 11 on the circuit board 1 intersects the extension direction of the 5G secondary antenna 12 on the circuit board 1.

[0112] The 5G antenna in the antenna structure ensures faster and more accurate information exchange between the vehicle and its surroundings. The 5G main antenna 11 typically serves as the primary signal receiver and transmitter, boasting strong signal transmission and reception capabilities, ensuring stable signal coverage in the primary communication direction. The 5G secondary antenna 12, acting as an auxiliary antenna, can enhance signal coverage in specific directions or areas, particularly in blind spots or weak areas not covered by the 5G main antenna 11, providing necessary signal supplementation. The 5G MINO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna uses multiple antennas to simultaneously transmit and receive data, significantly improving communication efficiency and speed. The collaborative efforts of the 5G main antenna 11, 5G secondary antenna 12, first 5G MINO antenna 13, and second 5G MINO antenna 14 enable high-speed, low-latency, and wide-coverage communication. Furthermore, the 5G main antenna 11, 5G secondary antenna 12, first 5G MINO antenna 13, and second 5G MINO antenna 14 utilize a symmetrical structure with cross-polarization arrangements, resulting in complementary directional patterns.

[0113] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The antenna structure also includes an electromagnetic bandgap structure 4. The electromagnetic bandgap structure 4 is provided between the 5G secondary antenna 12 and the second antenna 9. The electromagnetic bandgap structure 4 can adjust the radiation pattern and realize the same-frequency and different-frequency composite decoupling by the electromagnetic bandgap to achieve a high isolation effect.

[0114] Furthermore, the electromagnetic bandgap structure 4 is composed of a repeating unit structure, and the conductive parameters of its material can be adjusted. The periodic electromagnetic bandgap structure 4 formed can block electromagnetic waves in the target frequency band (5888MHz-5925MHz) and improve electromagnetic compatibility. The electromagnetic bandgap structure 4 is vertically arranged on the circuit board 1 and does not need to be connected to the feeding point. The specific position can be adjusted according to the electromagnetic simulation results. The fixed distance value can minimize the mutual coupling between the 5G secondary antenna 12 and the second antenna 9. The decoupling effect can be improved by 10dB in the 5888MHz-5925MHz frequency band. Improving the performance of the antenna from the perspective of decoupling can greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio and electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle-road cooperative high-speed communication system.

[0115] In order to further reduce the coupling effect, a slot loading structure and a parasitic decoupling structure are provided in the 5G antenna (including the 5G main antenna 11, the 5G secondary antenna 12, the first 5G MINO antenna 13 and the second 5G MINO antenna 14), so as to further improve the radiation pattern and reduce the coupling effect.

[0116] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 The adjustment mechanism 5 further includes a third adjustment mechanism 53. The third adjustment mechanism 53 includes a fifth drive mechanism 531 and a third transmission shaft 532. The fifth drive mechanism 531 is driven and connected to the 5G main antenna 11 via the third transmission shaft 532. The third adjustment mechanism 53 is configured to adjust the rotation angle of the 5G main antenna 11.

[0117] The third adjustment mechanism 53 can drive the 5G main antenna 11 to rotate to adjust the rotation angle of the 5G main antenna 11, thereby adjusting the coverage direction and coverage range of the 5G main antenna 11 to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0118] In some embodiments, the included angle between the projection line of the 5G main antenna 11 on the circuit board 1 and the first direction X is 90°-270°. That is, the 5G main antenna 11 can be adjusted by the third adjustment mechanism 53 so that its extension direction is parallel to the first direction X, or perpendicular to the first direction X. This allows the maximum polarization direction of the 5G main antenna 11 to cover a 360° range, allowing the 5G main antenna 11 to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0119] In some embodiments, the frequencies of the 5G main antenna 11 include 700 MHz-960 MHz and 1.7 GHz-5 GHz. That is, the frequencies of the 5G main antenna 11 include the low frequency band (700 MHz-960 MHz) and the medium and high frequency band (1.7 GHz-5 GHz), which enables the 5G main antenna 11 to have a wide coverage range, high transmission rate, and low transmission rate. Through the complementarity of the two frequency bands, better communication performance is achieved.

[0120] In some embodiments, the 5G secondary antenna 12 operates at frequencies between 700MHz and 960MHz and between 1.7GHz and 5GHz. As an auxiliary antenna, the 5G secondary antenna 12 can enhance signal coverage in specific directions or areas, particularly in blind spots or weak areas not covered by the 5G primary antenna 11, providing necessary signal support. The 5G secondary antenna 12 shares the same frequency as the 5G primary antenna 11, and its specific effects are not detailed here.

[0121] In some embodiments, the frequency of the first 5G MINO antenna 13 is 1.7 GHz-5 GHz.

[0122] In some embodiments, the frequency of the second 5G MINO antenna 14 is 1.7 GHz-5 GHz.

[0123] Furthermore, the 5G main antenna 11 has a frequency range of 700MHz-960MHz and 1.7GHz-5GHz, a standing wave ratio of <3, an efficiency of >30% in the 700MHz-960MHz range and >40% in the 1.7GHz-5GHz range, and an isolation of >15dB between the main antenna and other 5G antennas (5G secondary antenna 12, first 5G MINO antenna 13 and second 5G MINO antenna 14).

[0124] The 5G secondary antenna 12 has a frequency range of 700MHz-960MHz and 1.7GHz-5GHz, a standing wave ratio of <3, an efficiency of >30% in the 700MHz-960MHz range and >40% in the 1.7GHz-5GHz range, and an isolation of >15dB between the secondary antenna and other 5G antennas (5G main antenna 11, first 5G MINO antenna 13 and second 5G MINO antenna 14).

[0125] The first 5G MIMO antenna 13 has a frequency of 1.7 GHz to 5 GHz, a standing wave ratio of <3, an efficiency of >30% in the 700 MHz to 960 MHz range, and an efficiency of >30% in the 1.7 GHz to 5 GHz range. The first 5G MIMO antenna 13 has an isolation of >15 dB from the 5G main antenna 11 and the 5G secondary antenna 12, and an isolation of >10 dB from the second 5G MIMO antenna 14.

[0126] The second 5G MIMO antenna 14 has a frequency of 1.7 GHz to 5 GHz, a standing wave ratio of <3, an efficiency of >30% in the 700 MHz to 960 MHz range, and an efficiency of >30% in the 1.7 GHz to 5 GHz range. The isolation between the second 5G MIMO antenna 14 and the 5G main antenna 11 and the 5G secondary antenna 12 is >15 dB, and the isolation between the second 5G MIMO antenna 14 and the first 5G MIMO antenna 13 is >10 dB.

[0127] The 5G MINO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna sends and receives data simultaneously through multiple antennas, significantly improving communication efficiency and speed.

[0128] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The antenna assembly 2 further includes a cellular antenna 10. The cellular antenna 10 is disposed between the reflector 15 and the 5G secondary antenna 12. The cellular antenna 10 can integrate antennas such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to transmit and receive Wi-Fi and Bluetooth signals.

[0129] In some embodiments, the cellular antenna 10 includes a Wifi Bluetooth antenna.

[0130] In other embodiments, the frequencies of the cellular antenna 10 include 2400MHz-2500MHz and 5100MHz-5900MHz. To reduce interference, when the cellular antenna 10 integrates Wi-Fi and Bluetooth antennas, the Wi-Fi antenna and the Bluetooth antenna can cover different frequencies. For example, the Bluetooth antenna uses a frequency of 2400MHz-2500MHz, while the Wi-Fi antenna uses a frequency of 5100MHz-5900MHz.

[0131] Furthermore, the cellular antenna 10 has a frequency range of 2400MHz-2500MHz and 5100MHz-5900MHz, a standing wave ratio of <2, an efficiency of >40% in 2400MHz-2500MHz and >35% in 5100-5900MHz, and a linear average gain of >-2dBi.

[0132] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The antenna assembly 2 also includes a navigation and positioning antenna 7, which is disposed between the reflector and the cellular antenna 10. The navigation and positioning antenna 7 is a low-frequency antenna. Placing it between the high-frequency first antenna 8 and the cellular antenna 10 allows the low-frequency unit and the high-frequency unit to be staggered, reducing interference.

[0133] In some embodiments, the navigation and positioning antenna 7 includes a dual-frequency navigation and positioning antenna. For example, a navigation and positioning antenna covering the GPS L1 and L5 frequency bands can improve positioning accuracy and expand application scenarios through the coordination of the two frequency bands.

[0134] In some embodiments, the frequencies of the navigation and positioning antenna 7 include 1164 MHz-1214 MHz and 1559 MHz-1610 MHz.

[0135] Furthermore, the frequencies of the navigation and positioning antenna 7 are 1164MHz-1214MHz and 1559MHz-1610MHz, the low noise amplifier gain is 30±2dB, the noise figure is <2, the standing wave ratio is <2, the zenith direction axis ratio is <3dB, the low elevation angle gain is >-4dBic, the zenith detection peak gain is >dBic, and the isolation with other frequency band antennas is >20dB.

[0136] The characteristic impedance of each antenna is 50Ω, the isolation between systems is >15dB, and the isolation between units is >10dB.

[0137] In some embodiments, see Figure 6 The antenna structure further includes a matching circuit 3 module. The matching circuit 3 module is disposed on the circuit board 1 and is electrically connected to the antenna assembly 2. The matching circuit 3 can adjust parameters such as the bandwidth and standing wave of the antenna assembly 2.

[0138] In some embodiments, the antenna structure further includes a signal analysis mechanism and a controller. The signal analysis mechanism is in communication with the antenna assembly 2, and the controller is in communication with the signal analysis mechanism and the adjustment mechanism 5. The controller is configured to control the adjustment mechanism 5 based on the analysis results of the signal analysis mechanism.

[0139] Specifically, the signal analysis mechanism detects whether the antenna assembly 2 is receiving signals normally. If it is not, it transmits this information to the controller, which then issues a drive signal to drive the adjustment mechanism 5 to adjust the pitch and rotation angles of the antenna assembly 2 until the signal analysis mechanism determines that the antenna assembly 2 is receiving signals normally. The controller then sends a stop signal back to the controller, causing the adjustment mechanism 5 to stop operating. The signal analysis mechanism and controller can improve the degree of automation.

[0140] According to the second aspect of the present application, a vehicle-mounted antenna is also provided. Figure 6 , including the above antenna structure and a shell 6, the shell 6 covers the periphery of the antenna structure.

[0141] By using this antenna structure as a vehicle-mounted antenna, it can be applied to a wider range of scenarios. For example, when used on a vehicle with a curved roof structure, the adjustment mechanism 5 and reflector 15 can cooperate to reduce the obstruction caused by the curved roof, minimize coverage defects, and adapt to a wider range of application scenarios. The housing 6 can also provide protection for the circuitry within the antenna structure.

[0142] In some embodiments, the housing 6 is shaped like a shark fin. This shark fin-shaped housing utilizes the tendency of electrons to migrate toward the tip, directing static electricity to the tip of the shark fin antenna for dissipation, thereby protecting the vehicle from static damage. Furthermore, the unique design of the shark fin-shaped housing harmonizes with the vehicle's structure, enhancing its aesthetics while taking up minimal space.

[0143] When a shark fin-shaped housing is used, each antenna in the antenna structure can be adaptively arranged according to the height of the housing 6 .

[0144] According to a third aspect of the present application, a vehicle is further provided, comprising the above vehicle-mounted antenna. The vehicle provided in the present application has all the beneficial effects of the above vehicle-mounted antenna, which will not be described in detail here.

[0145] In order to verify the effect of the adjustment mechanism 5 on adjusting the pitch angle and rotation angle of the first antenna 8 and the second antenna 9, as well as the setting of the reflector 15, the following test was performed: a vector network analyzer and a whole vehicle OTA R&D test system were used, the antenna under test was fixed on a turntable, the measuring antenna was positioned at the starting angle, the antenna under test was rotated 360° around the θ axis, the rotation angle and the corresponding received signal level were recorded, and then the measuring antenna was moved to the next φ angle, and the measurement was repeated. The test results of the first antenna 8 and the second antenna 9 at 5870MHz-5925MHz were tested (every 5MHz, a total of 12 frequency points were tested).

[0146] in, Figure 7 This is the reference coordinate system during the above test process. Figure 8 and Figure 9 These are the measured 3D radiation patterns (5905MHz) of the first antenna 8 and the second antenna 9, respectively. In the coordinate system, the y-axis is in the direction of the front of the vehicle. The overall radiation performance is good within the pitch angle range of 84°-96°. The first antenna 8 has high gain in the direction of the front of the vehicle, while the second antenna 9 has high gain in the direction of the rear of the vehicle, which meets the performance requirements of vehicle-road cooperative communication. The 5G main antenna 11 can rotate within 360° in the horizontal plane. It automatically rotates and adjusts when the data is disconnected or when interfered with by other systems, ensuring the optimal orientation of the antenna under different road conditions and base station settings, greatly improving the mobile communication quality of the vehicle.

[0147] Figure 10 In the figure, 180° is the vehicle front direction, the inner circle is the -10dBi gain limit, and the angle below the gain limit is defined as the defect angle. The inner circle is the defect angle formed by the first antenna 8 affected by the vehicle body. In this embodiment of the application, by adding the reflector 15, compared with the design without the reflector 15 ( Figure 10 The middle dotted line) can reduce the defect angle by at least 15°, and the gain at the original defect is increased by at least 10dB. The total defect angle (120° in the direction of the vehicle head) is less than 10%, which is 20% smaller than that of the non-reflective component 15, and the forward radiation blind spot can be eliminated.

[0148] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0149] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0150] The embodiments, implementation methods and related technical features of the present application can be combined and replaced with each other without conflict.

[0151] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and do not constitute any form of limitation to the present application. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present application without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present application are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that: include: An antenna assembly (2), the antenna assembly (2) comprising a first antenna (8) and a second antenna (9) arranged opposite to each other; A reflector (15) is provided between the first antenna (8) and the second antenna (9), and the reflector (15) is configured to reflect the first antenna (8).

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein: The reflector (15) has a reflective surface arranged toward the first antenna (8); Wherein, the reflecting surface is a concave surface.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first antenna (8) and the second antenna (9) are arranged opposite to each other along a first direction; the reflecting member (15) comprises a first reflecting plate (151), a second reflecting plate (152), and a third reflecting plate (153) connected in sequence; The plane where the second reflector (152) is located is perpendicular to the first direction, the first reflector (151) and the third reflector (153) are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the second reflector (152) in the second direction, and the plane where the first reflector (151) is located and the plane where the third reflector (153) is located are both arranged at an angle to the first direction; The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

4. The antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The minimum distance between the reflector (15) and the first antenna (8) is 6.5 mm.

5. The antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The invention also comprises an adjusting mechanism (5), wherein the adjusting mechanism (5) is drivingly connected to the first antenna (8), and the adjusting mechanism (5) is configured to adjust the pitch angle and / or rotation angle of the first antenna (8).

6. The antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (5) is also drivingly connected to the second antenna (9), and the adjustment mechanism (5) is configured to adjust the pitch angle and / or rotation angle of the second antenna (9).

7. The antenna structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (5) includes a first adjustment mechanism (51) and a second adjustment mechanism (52); The first adjustment mechanism (51) is drivingly connected to the first antenna (8), and the first adjustment mechanism (51) is configured to adjust the pitch angle and / or rotation angle of the first antenna (8); The second adjustment mechanism (52) is drivingly connected to the second antenna (9), and the second adjustment mechanism (52) is configured to adjust the pitch angle and / or rotation angle of the second antenna (9).

8. The antenna structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first adjustment mechanism (51) comprises a first driving mechanism (511), a first transmission shaft (512), a second driving mechanism (513) and a first driving rocker (514); The first driving mechanism (511) is drivingly connected to the first antenna (8) via the first transmission shaft (512), the first driving mechanism (511) being configured to drive the first transmission shaft (512) to rotate, and the first transmission shaft (512) drives the first antenna (8) to rotate around the first transmission shaft (512) to adjust the rotation angle of the first antenna (8); The second driving mechanism (513) is driven and linked to the first driving rocker (514); the first driving rocker (514) is provided with a first through hole; the first transmission shaft (512) passes through the first through hole; the second driving mechanism (513) is configured to drive the first driving rocker (514) to swing, thereby driving the first transmission shaft (512) to swing; the first transmission shaft (512) drives the first antenna (8) to swing, so as to adjust the pitch angle of the first antenna (8).

9. The antenna structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second adjustment mechanism (52) includes a third driving mechanism (521), a second transmission shaft (522), a fourth driving mechanism (523) and a second driving rocker (524); The third driving mechanism (521) is drivingly connected to the second antenna (9) via the second transmission shaft (522), and the third driving mechanism (521) is configured to drive the second transmission shaft (522) to rotate, and the second transmission shaft (522) drives the second antenna (9) to rotate around the second transmission shaft (522) to adjust the rotation angle of the second antenna (9); The fourth driving mechanism (523) is driven and linked to the second driving rocker (524); the second driving rocker (524) is provided with a second through hole; the second transmission shaft (522) passes through the second through hole; the fourth driving mechanism (523) is configured to drive the second driving rocker (524) to swing, thereby driving the second transmission shaft (522) to swing; the second transmission shaft (522) drives the second antenna (9) to swing, so as to adjust the pitch angle of the second antenna (9).

10. The antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also included is a circuit board (1); The antenna assembly (2) and the reflector (15) are both arranged on the circuit board (1).

11. The antenna structure according to claim 10, characterized in that: The first antenna (8) has a first edge at one end facing away from the circuit board (1), and the angle between the orthographic projection of the first edge on the plane where the circuit board (1) is located and the first direction is 30°-90°; And / or, the angle between the plane where the first antenna (8) is located and the plane where the circuit board (1) is located is 75°-105°.

12. The antenna structure according to claim 10, characterized in that: The second antenna (9) has a second edge at one end facing away from the circuit board (1), and the angle between the orthographic projection of the second edge on the plane where the circuit board (1) is located and the first direction is 30°-90°; And / or, the angle between the plane where the second antenna (9) is located and the plane where the circuit board (1) is located is 75°-105°.

13. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The first antenna (8) and the second antenna (9) are both vehicle networking communication antennas.

14. The antenna structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: The first antenna (8) and the second antenna (9) are both V2X antennas; And / or, the frequency of the first antenna (8) and the second antenna (9) is 5888 MHz-5925 MHz.

15. The antenna structure according to claim 10, characterized in that: The antenna assembly (2) further includes a 5G antenna, and the 5G antenna includes a 5G main antenna (11), a 5G auxiliary antenna (12), a first 5G MINO antenna (13), and a second 5G MINO antenna (14); wherein the plane where the 5G main antenna (11) is located, the plane where the 5G auxiliary antenna (12) is located, and the plane where the first 5G MINO antenna (13) is located are all perpendicular to the plane where the circuit board (1) is located, and the plane where the second 5G MINO antenna (14) is located is parallel to the plane where the circuit board (1) is located; The 5G main antenna (11) is arranged between the first antenna (8) and the second antenna (9), the 5G secondary antenna (12) is arranged between the 5G main antenna (11) and the second antenna (9), the first 5G MINO antenna (13) and the second 5G MINO antenna (14) are arranged between the 5G main antenna (11) and the 5G secondary antenna (12), and the extension direction of the 5G main antenna (11) on the circuit board (1) and the extension direction of the 5G secondary antenna (12) on the circuit board (1) intersect with each other.

16. The antenna structure according to claim 15, characterized in that: Also included is an electromagnetic bandgap structure (4); The electromagnetic bandgap structure (4) is arranged between the 5G secondary antenna (12) and the second antenna (9).

17. The antenna structure according to claim 15, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (5) further includes a third adjustment mechanism (53); The third adjustment mechanism (53) comprises a fifth driving mechanism (531) and a third transmission shaft (532), and the fifth driving mechanism (531) is drivingly connected to the 5G main antenna (11) via the third transmission shaft (532); The third adjustment mechanism (53) is configured to adjust the rotation angle of the 5G main antenna (11).

18. The antenna structure according to claim 15, characterized in that: The angle between the projection line of the 5G main antenna (11) on the circuit board (1) and the first direction is 90°-270°.

19. The antenna structure according to claim 15, characterized in that: The frequencies of the 5G main antenna (11) include 700MHz-960MHz and 1.7GHz-5GHz; and / or, the frequencies of the 5G secondary antenna (12) include 700 MHz-960 MHz and 1.7 GHz-5 GHz; and / or, the frequency of the first 5G MINO antenna (13) is 1.7 GHz-5 GHz; And / or, the frequency of the second 5G MINO antenna (14) is 1.7 GHz-5 GHz.

20. The antenna structure according to claim 15, characterized in that The antenna assembly (2) further includes a cellular antenna (10); The cellular antenna (10) is arranged between the reflector (15) and the 5G secondary antenna (12).

21. The antenna structure according to claim 20, characterized in that: The cellular antenna (10) includes a Wifi Bluetooth antenna; And / or, the frequency of the cellular antenna (10) includes 2400MHz-2500MHz and 5100MHz-5900MHz.

22. The antenna structure according to claim 20, characterized in that The antenna assembly (2) further comprises a navigation positioning antenna (7), and the navigation positioning antenna (7) is arranged between the reflector (15) and the cellular antenna (10).

23. The antenna structure according to claim 22, characterized in that: The navigation and positioning antenna (7) comprises a dual-frequency navigation and positioning antenna; And / or, the frequencies of the navigation and positioning antenna (7) include 1164 MHz-1214 MHz and 1559 MHz-1610 MHz.

24. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that: Also includes a matching circuit (3) module; The matching circuit (3) module is arranged on the circuit board (1), and the matching circuit (3) is electrically connected to the antenna assembly (2).

25. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that: Also included are a signal analysis mechanism and a controller; The signal analysis mechanism is in communication connection with the antenna assembly (2), and the controller is in communication connection with the signal analysis mechanism and the adjustment mechanism (5); The controller is configured to control the regulating mechanism (5) according to the analysis result of the signal analyzing mechanism.

26. A vehicle-mounted antenna, characterized in that: Comprising the antenna structure and housing (6) according to any one of claims 1 to 25; The shell (6) covers the periphery of the antenna structure.

27. A vehicle, characterized in that: Comprising the vehicle-mounted antenna as claimed in claim 26.

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