Biomass fixed bed heat utilization comprehensive experiment device capable of inhibiting slagging

Abstract

The utility model provides a biomass fixed bed heat utilization comprehensive experiment device capable of inhibiting slagging, and particularly relates to the technical field of biomass heat utilization. The experimental device comprises a shell, a first water-cooled fire grate and a second water-cooled fire grate, the shell is provided with a feeding pipe, an exhaust pipe, a first air pipe and two air channels which are symmetrically arranged left and right, and each air channel is provided with a second air pipe; the first air pipe is communicated with a fire grate air inlet of the first water-cooling fire grate through a hose; the two air channels are provided with air guide plates parallel to a top plate of the second fire grate shell. A detachable grate is further horizontally arranged in the inner cavity of the shell. According to the utility model, the main parts are detachably connected, and the experiment test or demonstration process of various heat utilization occasions can be realized by detaching or retaining the corresponding parts according to different heat utilization occasions; in addition, the fire grate with a water cooling effect is utilized, so that the phenomenon of high-temperature slagging is effectively inhibited.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of biomass thermal utilization technology, specifically to a comprehensive experimental device for biomass fixed-bed thermal utilization that can suppress slagging. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, existing biomass thermal utilization methods include direct combustion, gasification, semi-gasification, and pyrolysis. Gasification is further divided into fixed-bed gasification, fluidized-bed gasification, and other methods. When conducting experimental tests or demonstrations of different thermal utilization methods, different equipment is often required, resulting in high costs and large footprints. In addition, because biomass is rich in alkali metals, its ash melting point is significantly lowered, which can easily lead to slagging problems during biomass thermal utilization.

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a comprehensive experimental device for the thermal utilization of biomass fixed beds that can suppress slagging. Utility Model Content

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, this utility model provides a comprehensive experimental device for biomass fixed-bed thermal utilization that can suppress slagging. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] A comprehensive experimental device for biomass fixed-bed thermal utilization that can suppress slagging includes an outer shell and a first water-cooled grate and a second water-cooled grate detachably disposed within the inner cavity of the outer shell. A feed pipe is located at the top of the outer shell; an exhaust pipe is located near the top of the front side wall of the outer shell; a first air duct is located near the bottom of the rear side wall of the outer shell; air channels are symmetrically arranged near the middle of the left and right side walls of the outer shell, with the side of the air channel near the outer shell communicating with the inner cavity of the outer shell; a second air duct is located at the rear end of each air channel; the front end of the first water-cooled grate is installed at a downward-sloping position within the inner cavity of the outer shell corresponding to the first air duct; two sets of the second water-cooled grate are respectively installed directly below the two air channels communicating with the inner cavity of the outer shell; the first water-cooled grate includes a hollow first grate outer shell, and a first finned plate is provided at the top of the first grate outer shell. The first grate shell has a grate air inlet, a first cooling water inlet pipe, and a first cooling water outlet pipe located near the rear side of its bottom. A horizontal air outlet is provided near the rear end face of the first finned plate. The first air duct is connected to the grate air inlet of the first water-cooled grate via a flexible hose. The second water-cooled grate includes a hollow second grate shell, which is a triangular prism structure formed by a top plate, a bottom plate, a back plate, and two side plates. A second finned plate is provided on the surface of the top plate, and a second cooling water inlet pipe and a second cooling water outlet pipe are provided on the back plate. Air guide plates parallel to the top plate of the second grate shell are provided on both air passages near one side of the shell and above the second water-cooled grate. A removable grate is horizontally arranged within the shell cavity between the first and second water-cooled grates.

[0006] Preferably, the bottom of the back plate extends downward to form a connecting plate, and the back plates of the two sets of second water-cooled grates are respectively attached to the left and right inner walls of the outer shell and fixed to the inner wall of the outer shell through threaded holes on the connecting plate.

[0007] Preferably, a plurality of temperature testing through holes are provided at equal intervals in the first groove formed between two adjacent fins of the first fin plate.

[0008] Preferably, the rear sidewall of the outer casing has a plurality of grate test holes at equal intervals corresponding to the position of the second water-cooled grate.

[0009] Preferably, a first axial fan is detachably installed inside the first duct on the side away from the outer casing; a second axial fan is detachably installed inside the second duct on the side away from the outer casing; both the first and second axial fans are electrically connected to a PWM fan speed controller.

[0010] Preferably, an anemometer is installed on the side of both the first and second air ducts near the outer casing.

[0011] Preferably, an upper observation mirror is provided at the top of the air channel; a lower observation mirror is provided on the front side wall of the outer casing corresponding to the front end of the first water-cooled grate; both the upper and lower observation mirrors are made of high-temperature resistant glass.

[0012] More preferably, the top of the feed pipe is provided with a top cover; and the front end of the exhaust pipe is hinged with a cover plate.

[0013] Furthermore preferably, the outer shell sidewall is provided with pipe connection through holes at positions corresponding to the first cooling water inlet pipe, the first cooling water outlet pipe, the second cooling water inlet pipe, and the second cooling water outlet pipe; one end of the first cooling water inlet pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the first grate shell, and the other end is connected to the municipal water inlet pipe; one end of the first cooling water outlet pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the first grate shell, and the other end is connected to the municipal drainage pipe; one end of the second cooling water inlet pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the second grate shell, and the other end is connected to the municipal water inlet pipe; one end of the second cooling water outlet pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the second grate shell, and the other end is connected to the municipal drainage pipe.

[0014] More preferably, the temperature test through hole and the grate test hole are provided with threads.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0016] 1. The main components of this utility model are designed with detachable connection methods, and the corresponding components can be removed or retained according to different heat utilization occasions, thereby realizing the experimental testing or demonstration process applicable to four heat utilization occasions: direct combustion biomass furnace, upward suction biomass gasification furnace, suction biomass gasification furnace, and biomass burner.

[0017] 2. This utility model, by setting up a first water-cooled grate and a second water-cooled grate with cooling chambers, combined with air being blown parallel to the grate surface, significantly reduces the local high temperature in the fuel, thereby effectively inhibiting slagging. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings constituting this utility model are provided to further understand this application and do not constitute an undue limitation on this application.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer shell of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first water-cooled grate;

[0022] Figure 4(a) in the figure is a top view of the first water-cooled grate;

[0023] Figure 4 (b) in the figure is a bottom view of the first water-cooled grate;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second water-cooled grate;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer shell of the second water-cooled grate;

[0026] Figure 7 Rear view of the second water-cooled grate;

[0027] In the diagram, 1-outer shell; 101-feed pipe; 1011-top cover; 102-exhaust pipe; 103-lower observation mirror; 104-grate test hole; 2-first axial flow fan; 3-first air duct; 4-flexible hose; 5-first water-cooled grate; 501-first finned plate; 5011-first groove; 502-grate air inlet; 503-first cooling water inlet pipe; 504-first cooling water outlet pipe; 505-flat air outlet; 506-temperature measuring... 6-Test through hole; 7-Second axial flow fan; 8-Second air duct; 9-Air passage; 10-Upper observation mirror; 11-Air guide plate; 12-Second water-cooled grate; 13-Top plate; 14-Second fin plate; 15-Bottom plate; 16-Back plate; 17-Connecting plate; 18-Side plate; 19-Second cooling water inlet pipe; 10-Second cooling water outlet pipe; 10-Removable grate; 11-PMW fan speed controller; 12-Anemometer. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The specific implementation of the biomass fixed-bed thermal utilization comprehensive experimental device that can suppress slagging, provided by this utility model, will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a comprehensive experimental device for the thermal utilization of biomass fixed bed with slagging suppression includes an outer shell 1 and a first water-cooled grate 5 and a second water-cooled grate 9 detachably installed inside the cavity of the outer shell 1. Specifically, a feed pipe 101 is provided at the top of the outer shell 1, and a top cover 1011 is provided at the top of the feed pipe 101. An exhaust pipe 102 is provided on the front side wall of the outer shell 1 near the top, and a cover plate is hinged to the front end of the exhaust pipe 102 for sealing the pipe opening after use. A first air duct 3 is provided on the rear side wall of the outer shell 1 near the bottom; two air channels 8 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right side walls of the outer shell 1 near the middle, and a second air duct 7 is provided at the rear end of each air channel 8; it is worth noting that the side of the air channel 8 near the outer shell 1 is connected to the cavity of the outer shell 1.

[0030] Preferably, the front end of the first water-cooled grate 5 is installed at a downward angle in the inner cavity of the outer shell 1 corresponding to the position of the first air duct 3; there are two sets of the second water-cooled grate 9, which are symmetrically installed directly below the two air channels 8 that communicate with the inner cavity of the outer shell 1.

[0031] Preferably, the first water-cooled grate 5 includes a hollow first grate shell, wherein a first finned plate 501 is laid on the top of the first grate shell, and a grate air inlet 502, a first cooling water inlet pipe 503, and a first cooling water outlet pipe 504 are provided near the rear side of the bottom of the first grate shell; a horizontal air outlet 505 parallel to the first finned plate 501 is opened along its width direction near the rear end face of the first grate shell, and the first air duct 3 is connected to the grate air inlet 505 of the first water-cooled grate 5 through a flexible hose 4, thereby realizing air supply to the surface of the first finned plate 501 to achieve the purpose of gasification or combustion assistance. Figure 3-4 As shown.

[0032] Preferably, to facilitate temperature measurement of the first water-cooled grate, several temperature test through holes 506 for inserting thermocouples are evenly spaced within the first grooves 5011 formed between several adjacent fins of the first fin plate 501; the rear sidewall of the outer casing 1 also has pre-reserved wiring holes for thermocouple wiring. In use, the combustion temperature of different combustion zones of the first water-cooled grate 5 can be monitored by inserting thermocouples at different positions and depths into the first water-cooled grate 5.

[0033] Preferably, the second water-cooled grate 9 includes a hollow second grate shell, which is a triangular prism structure formed by a top plate 901, a bottom plate 902, a back plate 903, and two side plates 904. The top plate 901 has a second finned plate 9011 on its surface, and the back plate 903 has a second cooling water inlet pipe 905 and a second cooling water outlet pipe 906. Preferably, the bottom of the back plate 903 extends downward to form a connecting plate 9031. During installation, the back plates 903 of the two sets of second water-cooled grates 9 are respectively attached to the left and right inner walls of the shell 1 and fixed to the inner walls of the shell 1 through threaded holes on the connecting plate 9031. Two air channels 8 are positioned near the outer shell 1 and directly above the second water-cooled grate 9. Along the length of each air channel 8, a guide vane 802 parallel to the top plate 901 of the second grate shell is installed. Air entering the air channel 8 through the second air duct 7 is blown parallel to the guide vane 802 onto the surface of the second finned plate 9011, thereby achieving air supply to the surface of the second finned plate 9011 for gasification or combustion purposes. Figure 5-7 As shown.

[0034] Preferably, the rear sidewall of the outer shell 1 is provided with a plurality of grate test holes 104 at equal intervals corresponding to the position of the second water-cooled grate 9. By inserting a gas concentration probe into the grate test holes 104 at different positions and heights of the second water-cooled grate 9, the gas concentration in different areas of the second water-cooled grate 9 can be monitored.

[0035] It is worth noting that both the grate test hole 104 and the temperature test through hole 506 are threaded, and can be sealed with screws when not in use.

[0036] Preferably, in order to support the fuel during the operation of the downdraft biomass gasifier, a removable grate 10 is horizontally arranged in the inner cavity of the outer shell 1 at a position between the first water-cooled grate 5 and the second water-cooled grate 9.

[0037] Preferably, a first axial fan 2 is detachably installed inside the first duct 3 on the side away from the outer casing 1; a second axial fan 6 is detachably installed inside the second duct 7 on the side away from the outer casing 1; the speed of the first axial fan 2 and the second axial fan 6 are both controlled by a PWM fan speed controller 11 to control their speed or start / stop.

[0038] Preferably, an anemometer 12 is provided on the side of the first air duct 3 and the second air duct 7 near the outer casing 1. In this case, the air volume can be obtained by multiplying the gas flow velocity in the first air duct 3 or the second air duct 7 by the flow cross-sectional area using the anemometer 12.

[0039] More preferably, in order to facilitate observation of the combustion status of the surfaces of the first water-cooled grate 5 and the second water-cooled grate 9 as well as the discharge of slag and ash, an upper observation mirror 801 is provided at the top of the air channel 8; similarly, a lower observation mirror 103 is provided on the front side wall of the outer shell 1 corresponding to the front end of the first water-cooled grate 5; both the upper observation mirror 801 and the lower observation mirror 103 are made of high-temperature resistant transparent glass.

[0040] More preferably, the sidewall of the outer casing 1 has pre-drilled pipe connection holes for connection to municipal pipelines at positions corresponding to the first cooling water inlet pipe 503, the first cooling water outlet pipe 504, the second cooling water inlet pipe 905, and the second cooling water outlet pipe 906. Specifically, one end of the first cooling water inlet pipe 503 is connected to the inner cavity of the first grate outer casing, and the other end is connected to the municipal water inlet pipe; one end of the first cooling water outlet pipe 504 is connected to the inner cavity of the first grate outer casing, and the other end is connected to the municipal drainage pipe; one end of the second cooling water inlet pipe 905 is connected to the inner cavity of the second grate outer casing, and the other end is connected to the municipal water inlet pipe; one end of the second cooling water outlet pipe 906 is connected to the inner cavity of the second grate outer casing, and the other end is connected to the municipal drainage pipe. In use, first close the first cooling water outlet pipe 504 and the second cooling water outlet pipe 906, and open the first cooling water inlet pipe 503 and the second cooling water inlet pipe 905. When the inner cavity of the first and second grate shells is filled with cooling water, open the first cooling water outlet pipe 504 and the second cooling water outlet pipe 906 and keep the first cooling water inlet pipe 503 and the second cooling water inlet pipe 905 in the open state to achieve the water cooling circulation effect of the inner cavity of the grate shell.

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] When this utility model is used for testing upward-suction biomass gasification furnaces, biomass burners, or direct-fired biomass furnaces, the specific usage procedure is as follows:

[0043] First, remove the air guide plate 802, the second water-cooled grate 9, and the removable grate 10; then open the top cover 1011 and add solid fuel into the feed pipe 101 for combustion. At this time, the solid fuel falls onto the first water-cooled grate 5 below; next, turn on the PMW fan speed controller 11 on the first air duct 3 to control the first axial flow fan 2 to start and blow air through the first air duct 3, hose 4, grate air inlet 502, and horizontal air outlet 505 onto the surface of the first fin plate 501 of the first water-cooled grate 5, and along the first groove 5011 formed between several adjacent fins of the first fin plate 501 towards the first water-cooled grate 5. The front end of the cold grate 5 flows to complete the gasification or combustion process of the fuel. At the same time, the first cooling water inlet pipe 503 is opened to inject water into the inner cavity of the first water-cooled grate 5. After the water is full, the first cooling water outlet pipe 504 is opened to drain the water, thereby circulating the cooling water in the first water-cooled grate 5. The ash produced in this combustion process moves forward along the grooves 5011 on the first fin plate 501 through the air blown out of the flat air outlet 505, and finally falls onto the bottom plate of the outer shell 1 below the front end of the first water-cooled grate 5. The flue gas or combustion gas produced by the combustion flows upward and is finally discharged through the exhaust pipe 102.

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] When this utility model is used for testing a downdraft biomass gasification furnace, the specific usage procedure is as follows:

[0046] First, retain the air guide plate 802, the second water-cooled grate 9, and the removable grate 10, except for the first water-cooled grate 5, the hose 4, and the first axial flow fan 2; then open the top cover 1011 and add solid fuel into the feed pipe 101 for combustion. At this time, the solid fuel falls onto the removable grate 10 below; next, turn on the PMW fan speed controller 11 of the second air duct 7 to control the second axial flow fan 6 to move and blow air through the gasification second air duct 7 and air channel 8 in conjunction with the air guide plate 802 towards the second... The surface of the second fin plate 9011 of the water-cooled grate 9 completes the gasification or combustion process of the fuel. At the same time, the second cooling water inlet pipe 905 is opened to inject water into the inner cavity of the second water-cooled grate shell. After the water is full, the second cooling water outlet pipe 906 is opened to drain the water, thereby circulating the cooling water in the second water-cooled grate 9. The ash produced in this combustion process falls onto the bottom plate of the shell 1, while the flue gas or gas produced by combustion flows downward and is discharged through the first air duct 3 of the detachable grate 10.

[0047] This utility model has a simple structure and is easy to assemble and disassemble. The main components are selected with detachable connection methods. During use, the corresponding components are disassembled and assembled according to different heat utilization occasions, so as to realize the experimental testing or demonstration process of four heat utilization occasions: direct combustion biomass furnace, upward suction biomass gasification furnace, suction biomass gasification furnace, and biomass burner. In addition, this utility model sets up a first water-cooled grate and a second water-cooled grate with cooling chambers. Combined with air blowing parallel to the grate surface, the local high temperature in the fuel is greatly reduced, thereby effectively inhibiting slagging.

[0048] In this utility model, terms such as "upper," "lower," "bottom," and "top" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are merely used to facilitate the description of the structural relationships of the various components or elements of this utility model and do not specifically refer to any part or element of this utility model; they should not be construed as limiting this utility model. Terms such as "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, indicating a fixed connection, an integral connection, or a detachable connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be determined according to the specific circumstances, and they should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0049] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present utility model should also fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A biomass fixed-bed heat utilization comprehensive experimental device capable of suppressing slagging, characterized in that, The shell is provided with a first water-cooled grate and a second water-cooled grate which are detachably arranged in the inner cavity of the shell; The top of the shell is provided with a feeding pipe; the front side wall of the shell is provided with an exhaust pipe near the top; the rear side wall of the shell is provided with a first air pipe near the bottom; the left and right side walls of the shell are symmetrically provided with air passages near the middle; the air passages are communicated with the inner cavity of the shell near one side of the shell; the rear end of the air passage is provided with a second air pipe; The front end of the first water-cooled grate is downwardly and obliquely arranged in the inner cavity of the shell corresponding to the first air pipe; The second water-cooled grate is provided with two groups of the second water-cooled grates which are arranged below the two air passages communicated with the inner cavity of the shell; The first water-cooled grate comprises a first grate shell which is hollow; the top of the first grate shell is provided with a first fin plate; the bottom of the first grate shell is provided with a grate air inlet, a first cooling water inlet pipe and a first cooling water outlet pipe near the rear side; the first grate shell is provided with a flat-blowing air outlet near the rear end of the first fin plate; The first air pipe is communicated with the grate air inlet of the first water-cooled grate through a hose; The second water-cooled grate comprises a second grate shell which is hollow; the second grate shell is formed into a triangular prism structure by a top plate, a bottom plate, a back plate and two side plates; the top plate is provided with a second fin plate; the back plate is provided with a second cooling water inlet pipe and a second cooling water outlet pipe; the two air passages near one side of the shell and above the second water-cooled grate are provided with air guide plates which are parallel to the top plate of the second grate shell; A detachable grate is horizontally arranged in the inner cavity of the shell between the first water-cooled grate and the second water-cooled grate.

2. The biomass fixed-bed thermal utilization comprehensive experimental device capable of suppressing slagging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the back plate is extended downwardly to form a connecting plate; the back plates of the two groups of the second water-cooled grates are respectively attached to the left and right inner side walls of the shell and are fixed to the inner side walls of the shell through the threaded holes in the connecting plate.

3. The biomass fixed-bed thermal utilization comprehensive experimental device capable of suppressing slagging according to claim 2, characterized in that, A plurality of temperature test through holes are equidistantly arranged in the first grooves formed between the adjacent two fins of the first fin plate.

4. The biomass fixed-bed thermal utilization comprehensive experimental device capable of suppressing slagging according to claim 3, characterized in that, A plurality of grate test holes are equidistantly arranged in the rear side wall of the shell corresponding to the second water-cooled grate.

5. The biomass fixed-bed thermal utilization comprehensive experimental apparatus capable of suppressing the agglomeration according to claim 1, wherein A first axial flow fan is detachably arranged in the first air pipe away from the shell; a second axial flow fan is detachably arranged in the second air pipe away from the shell. The first axial flow fan and the second axial flow fan are electrically connected to a PMW fan speed controller.

6. The biomass fixed-bed thermal utilization comprehensive experimental apparatus capable of suppressing the agglomeration according to claim 1, wherein The first air pipe and the second air pipe are respectively provided with an anemometer near the shell.

7. The biomass fixed-bed thermal utilization comprehensive experimental apparatus capable of suppressing the agglomeration according to claim 1, wherein An upper observation mirror is arranged at the top of the air passage; A lower observation mirror is arranged at the front side wall of the shell corresponding to the front end of the first water-cooled grate; The upper observation mirror and the lower observation mirror are made of high-temperature-resistant glass. 8.The biomass fixed-bed anti-agglomeration thermal utilization comprehensive experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A top cover is arranged at the top of the feeding pipe; a cover plate is hingedly arranged at the front end of the exhaust pipe. 9.The biomass fixed-bed anti-agglomeration thermal utilization comprehensive experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell is provided with pipe connection through holes corresponding to the first cooling water inlet pipe, the first cooling water outlet pipe, the second cooling water inlet pipe and the second cooling water outlet pipe; One end of the first cooling water inlet pipe is communicated with the inner cavity of the first grate shell, and the other end is communicated with the municipal water inlet pipe; one end of the first cooling water outlet pipe is communicated with the inner cavity of the first grate shell, and the other end is communicated with the municipal water outlet pipe; One end of the second cooling water inlet pipe is communicated with the inner cavity of the second grate shell, and the other end is communicated with the municipal water inlet pipe; one end of the second cooling water outlet pipe is communicated with the inner cavity of the second grate shell, and the other end is communicated with the municipal water outlet pipe.

10. The biomass fixed-bed thermal utilization comprehensive experimental apparatus capable of suppressing the agglomeration according to claim 4, wherein The temperature test through hole and the grate test hole are provided with threads at the hole openings.

Images