Chuck assembly for holding a mechanical part for machining
By designing a rotatable chuck assembly and a switchable jaw and chuck structure, the problems of clamping difficulties and vibrations in non-rotational mechanical parts were solved, achieving stable clamping and adaptability to various processing methods, thus improving processing accuracy and flexibility.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BOSCH REXROTH BEIJING HYDRAULIC
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, non-rotational mechanical parts have problems such as difficulty in clamping, vibration affecting accuracy, and reduced accuracy due to fixture replacement during the machining process. In particular, pump housing parts are difficult to clamp and machine effectively during turning.
A chuck assembly is designed, including a rotatable chuck body, detachable jaws and a chuck head. The retaining structure of the jaws and chuck head is driven by a slider and a lever arm to switch between a deployment position and a holding position. Combined with a counterweight, it achieves stable clamping of non-rotational mechanical parts.
It enables reliable clamping of non-rotational mechanical parts, avoids the impact of machining vibration on accuracy, and the chuck assembly can be replaced according to the part specifications, making it suitable for machining mechanical parts of different sizes.
Smart Images
Figure CN224390008U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application generally relates to chuck assemblies for clamping mechanical parts (e.g., non-rotational mechanical parts, particularly pump housings) for machining, particularly chuck assemblies used in multi-axis machining centers. Background Technology
[0002] Multi-axis machining centers, such as five-axis machining centers, can perform machining operations on mechanical parts, such as turning, milling, planing, and grinding. However, different machining processes require different clamping of mechanical parts due to different machining characteristics—for example, in turning, the mechanical part to be machined needs to be clamped and rotated, while in grinding, the mechanical part to be machined needs to be kept in a different position relative to the grinding machine.
[0003] In traditional machining processes, different fixtures are required for different machining operations due to the aforementioned characteristics. However, changing fixtures inevitably leads to a decrease in machining accuracy. Furthermore, for non-rotational mechanical parts such as pump housings, their complex shapes (especially their external dimensions) make clamping with existing lathe chucks difficult, hindering convenient clamping and turning. Additionally, the hydraulic fixtures used on existing milling machines are too complex to be directly used for clamping during turning of mechanical parts.
[0004] Furthermore, due to the non-rotational symmetry of non-rotational mechanical parts, even if they are forcibly clamped onto a lathe, their center of mass does not coincide with the axis of the lathe spindle. Under the action of centrifugal force generated during turning, the mechanical parts to be processed will vibrate significantly, which will affect the machining accuracy or even damage the lathe.
[0005] Furthermore, since mechanical parts vary in size, it is desirable to design a fixture that can conveniently clamp mechanical parts of different specifications for different machining operations. Utility Model Content
[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this application aims to provide a novel chuck assembly for clamping mechanical parts, particularly non-rotational mechanical parts, for machining, wherein the machining may include at least two of turning, milling, planing, and grinding.
[0007] According to one aspect of this application, a chuck assembly for holding mechanical parts for machining is provided, comprising:
[0008] A chuck body, the chuck body being selectively rotatable about its longitudinal central axis, the chuck body having a housing, and the housing having a slider disposed perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis at one end;
[0009] The jaws, detachably mounted on the slider; and
[0010] A chuck head, which is detachably mounted on the end and whose longitudinal central axis is coaxial with the longitudinal central axis.
[0011] The chuck jaws are provided with a first retaining structure, and the chuck head is provided with a second retaining structure. The first retaining structure and the second retaining structure are axially spaced apart from each other. The first retaining structure has a deployment position and a holding position that can be selectively switched relative to the longitudinal central axis. The second retaining structure has a deployment position and a holding position that can be selectively switched relative to the longitudinal central axis. The deployment positions of the first retaining structure and the second retaining structure are positions that allow the mechanical part to be positioned relative to the chuck jaws and the chuck head. The holding positions of the first retaining structure and the second retaining structure are positions that allow the mechanical part to be held by the first retaining structure and the second retaining structure for machining.
[0012] Optionally, the first retaining structure is at a greater vertical distance from the longitudinal central axis at its deployment position than at its holding position, and the second retaining structure is at a greater vertical distance from the longitudinal central axis at its deployment position than at its holding position.
[0013] Optionally, the jaws include multiple jaws, each jaw having a first retaining structure; and / or
[0014] The card head includes multiple second retaining structures.
[0015] Optionally, each claw includes a first segment that contacts a corresponding slider and a second segment perpendicular to the first segment, the first retaining structure being disposed radially outward at the free end of the second segment; and / or,
[0016] The second retaining structure is located at the distal end of the card head.
[0017] Optionally, a drive sleeve capable of axial movement is provided in the chuck body, and a lever arm is pivotally disposed in the chuck body. The lever arm has a first arm that engages with the drive sleeve and a second arm that engages with the slider. When the drive sleeve is forced to move toward the end of the housing, the slider is driven via the lever arm to switch the first holding structure from its deployment position to its holding position.
[0018] Optionally, a spindle capable of axial movement is provided within the chuck body. The spindle is arranged coaxially with the drive sleeve and passes through the drive sleeve. The spindle is capable of moving independently of the drive sleeve axis. The spindle has a head (122a) that is close to the end of the chuck body when the chuck head is mounted on the end of the chuck body. As the head moves toward the distal end of the chuck head, the second retaining structure of the chuck head switches from its deployment position to its retaining position.
[0019] Optionally, the first retaining structure and / or the second retaining structure may include a knurled structure.
[0020] Optionally, the chuck head includes an axially slidable sleeve that, when mounted on the end of the chuck body, is coaxial with the mandrel, and the head of the mandrel is coupled to the end of the sleeve via at least one bushing disposed within the chuck head, and the opposite end of the sleeve has a tapered surface to contact the ramp surface of each chuck tooth, such that when the sleeve is axially driven via the head, the second retaining structure of the chuck tooth switches from its deployed position to its retaining position.
[0021] Optionally, the chuck assembly further includes at least one counterweight, which is detachably disposed at at least one of a plurality of preset positions on the end of the chuck body.
[0022] Optionally, the mechanical part is a non-rotational mechanical part or a pump housing.
[0023] Using the above-mentioned technical means of this application, the chuck assembly can be installed on a lathe-type machining equipment to clamp non-rotational mechanical parts such as pump housings, and then perform at least two of the following machining operations: turning, milling, planing, and grinding. This ensures that the mechanical parts can be reliably clamped during the machining process and avoids the impact of machining vibration on machining accuracy. At the same time, the components of the chuck assembly can be easily replaced according to the specifications of the mechanical parts, so as to clamp mechanical parts of different sizes. Attached Figure Description
[0024] A more comprehensive understanding of the principles and aspects of this application will be gained from the detailed description below, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the scale of the drawings may vary for clarity, but this will not affect the understanding of this application. In the drawings:
[0025] Figure 1 This is a perspective view, schematically illustrating a chuck assembly according to one embodiment of this application;
[0026] Figure 2 It is a 3D diagram, illustrating the concept. Figure 1The chuck assembly has already clamped the pump housing;
[0027] Figure 3 It is a 3D diagram, illustrating the concept. Figure 1 The chuck assembly, wherein the chuck head of the chuck assembly has been removed;
[0028] Figure 4 This is an end view, schematically showing the chuck assembly as seen from one end, with the chuck head of the chuck assembly removed;
[0029] Figure 5 It is along Figure 4 The sectional view cut by the cutting line AA;
[0030] Figure 6 It is along Figure 4 The sectional view intercepted by the section line CC; and
[0031] Figure 7 Is with Figure 6 The corresponding sectional view, but in Figure 7 In the middle, the pump housing has been mounted on the chuck assembly but has not yet been clamped in place. Detailed Implementation
[0032] In the accompanying drawings of this application, features with the same structure or similar function are indicated by the same reference numerals.
[0033] Figure 1 A chuck assembly 100 according to one embodiment of this application is illustrated schematically. The chuck assembly 100 generally includes a chuck body 110, jaws 210, and a chuck head 310. In the illustrated embodiment, the jaws 210 are schematically shown as four jaws. Those skilled in the art will understand that other numbers of jaws capable of satisfying the requirements of this application are also feasible. The jaws 210 and the chuck head 310 are detachably mounted on the chuck body 110, for example, on the end of the chuck body 110. The chuck assembly 100 can be mounted on lathe-like machining equipment, for example, on a machining equipment with a driven, rotating spindle, such that the chuck body 110 can rotate with the spindle drive, for example, coaxially with the spindle. In the context of this application, the machining equipment may include, but is not limited to, multi-axis machining centers, such as five-axis machining centers, and particularly machine tools in five-axis machining centers.
[0034] According to this application, the chuck assembly 100 is used to clamp mechanical parts, such as non-rotational mechanical parts (which are in...). Figure 2(Generally indicated by reference numeral 200 in the accompanying drawings). In the following description of this application, a non-rotational mechanical part is a mechanical part obtained, for example, by a casting or forging process, that has not yet undergone machining such as turning, milling, planing, or grinding. In the context of this application, a non-rotational mechanical part refers to a mechanical part whose center of mass, when viewed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, does not coincide with the axis of rotation when it is being rotated for machining. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, a non-rotational mechanical part is represented as a pump housing 200; of course, those skilled in the art will understand that other non-rotational mechanical parts can also be clamped by the chuck assembly 100 of this application.
[0035] Further as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the chuck body 110 generally includes a housing 111. The housing 111 has two opposite ends 111a and 111b along the axial direction. In the illustrated embodiment, end 111a is the end where the jaws 210 and the chuck head 310 are mounted. A number of radial grooves 112 corresponding to the number of jaws 210 are formed in end 111a. Figure 1 Only two radial slots 112 are visible in the chuck body 110 or its housing 111, and a slider 113 is mounted in each radial slot 112. Each radial slot 112 is circumferentially and evenly spaced around the longitudinal central axis of the chuck body 110 or its housing 111, such that, when viewed in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis of the chuck body 110 or its housing 111, the central axes of each radial slot 112 converge at the longitudinal central axis of the chuck body 110 or its housing 111. The slider 113 is mounted in the corresponding radial slot 112 in a manner that allows it to slide back and forth in a straight line. For example, the cross-section of each radial slot 112 perpendicular to its central axis is approximately inverted T-shaped, and the cross-section of the corresponding slider 113 has at least partially a shape complementary to the inverted T-shape to prevent accidental detachment from the radial slot 112 after mounting. In the illustrated embodiment, each mounted slider 113 extends at least partially axially from the exposed end face of the end 111a.
[0036] In each slider 113, a threaded hole 113a is formed along a direction parallel to the longitudinal central axis of the chuck body 110 or its housing 111 (e.g., as shown in the figure). Figure 1 and 5 As shown, each slider 113 is shown to have two threaded holes 113a) for receiving bolts 213 (as shown in the diagram). Figure 5 As shown, the bolt 213 is configured to fasten the corresponding claw 210 to the slider 113. For example, a through hole is formed in the claw 210 so that after the claw 210 is installed in place on the slider 113, the through hole can be aligned with the threaded hole 113a, and the bolt 213 is correspondingly screwed into the threaded hole 113a through the through hole to fasten the claw 210 to the slider 113.
[0037] The exposed surface at end 111a of each slider 113 is non-flat. For example, as shown... Figure 3 As shown, each slider 113 has two spaced-apart ribs 113b integrally formed on its exposed surface at end 111a, with a threaded hole 113a located between the two ribs 113b. Furthermore, a lug 113c is formed on each rib 113b. Each claw 210 to be mounted on the slider 113 is formed on its side facing / contacting the corresponding slider 113, complementing the shape of the exposed surface of the slider 113 with the ribs 113b and lug 113c. Preferably, the lug 113c on each rib 113b is not located in the middle position along the length of the rib 113b to ensure that each claw 210 can be mounted on the slider 113 in the correct manner.
[0038] In the illustrated embodiment, the jaw 210 is generally L-shaped and has a first section for contacting the slider 113 and a second section generally perpendicular to the first section, wherein the side formed complementary to the exposed shapes of the ribs 113b and lugs 113c is located in the first section. In the illustrated embodiment, after each jaw 210 is mounted in place on the corresponding slider 113, the second section of each jaw 210 is approximately close to the longitudinal central axis of the chuck body 110 or its housing 111. A knurled structure 210a (schematically see) is formed on the radially outer side of the free end of the second section of each jaw 210. Figure 1 , 5 and 7), for contact with a portion of the pump housing 200 (see reference). Figure 7 (As described below). The knurled structure 210a ensures that the pump housing 200 is held securely when the claw 210 contacts the pump housing 200, preventing accidental movement. In the illustrated embodiment, after the claw 210 is mounted on the slider 113, the knurled structure 210a is located on the radially outward side of the second section of the claw 210 so that it can contact the sidewall 201 of the hollow cavity of the pump housing 200 (e.g., as described below). Figure 7 (As shown) contact. The working principle of the chuck assembly of this application will be explained below with the knurled structure 210a located on the radially outward side of the second section of the jaw 210. However, those skilled in the art will understand that in alternative embodiments not shown, provided that the jaw 210 can provide a holding force on the pump housing 200, the jaw 210 can also be designed such that, when each jaw 210 is mounted in place on the corresponding slider 113, the second section of each jaw 210 is substantially away from the longitudinal central axis of the chuck body 110 or its housing 111, and in this case, the knurled structure 210a is located on the radially inward side of the second section of the jaw 210 so as to be able to contact a portion of the outer surface of the pump housing 200.
[0039] like Figure 7 As shown, the pump housing 200 forms a hollow cavity, and the hollow cavity has a sidewall 201 near an opening. According to an embodiment of this application, the chuck body 110 is designed such that each slider 113 is movable in its corresponding radial groove 112 relative to the longitudinal central axis of the chuck body 110 or its housing 111 between a deployed position and a holding position. That is, the jaws 210 mounted on each slider 113 are movable relative to the longitudinal central axis of the chuck body 110 or its housing 111 between a deployed position and a holding position. In the context of this application, the “deployment position” relating to the slider 113 or the jaws 210 (shown below) or their components refers to a position that allows a mechanical part, particularly a non-returning mechanical part (e.g., the pump housing 200), to be positioned relative to the jaws 210; while the “holding position” relating to the slider 113 or the jaws 210 (shown below) or their components refers to a position that allows a mechanical part, particularly a non-returning mechanical part (e.g., the pump housing 200), to be held relative to the jaws 210 for machining. Here, positioning can be understood as the mechanical parts not yet being subjected to holding force. When each slider 113 is in the deployment position, the pump housing 200 can be fitted onto the jaws 210 that are already installed on the chuck body 110 through its opening, and the sidewall 201 of the pump housing 200 is aligned axially with the knurled structure 210a of each jaw 210; when each slider 113 is in the holding position, each jaw 210 is in close contact with the sidewall 201 of the pump housing 200 through the knurled structure 210a and thus applies a radially outward holding force to it.
[0040] The following is for reference Figure 5 , 6 Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the internal structure of the chuck body 110. Those skilled in the art should understand that the internal structure of the chuck body 110 is not limited to the specific examples described or shown; any other structural form capable of achieving the technical requirements of this application can be used to implement the internal structure of the chuck body 110.
[0041] As shown in the figure, the outer shell 111 of the chuck body 110 forms a hollow space 114, with ends 111a and 111b located on opposite sides of the hollow space 114. Near end 111b, an end cap 116 is fixedly disposed, and a bearing sleeve 115 is coaxially and fixedly mounted through the end cap 116 with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the chuck body 110. The bearing sleeve 115 is used to rotatably and axially slide to receive a sleeve 117. The sleeve 117 has a first end side 117a located within the hollow space 114 and a second end side 117b located outside the hollow space 114 and axially opposite to the first end side 117a. In the illustrated embodiment, the second end side 117b extends axially beyond the exposed end face of the bearing sleeve 115. Within the hollow space 114, a drive sleeve 118 is coaxially mounted within the sleeve 117, while a spindle sleeve 119 is mounted through the drive sleeve 118. For example, the mandrel sleeve 119 can be supported by a bearing 120 provided at end 111a and is coaxial with the longitudinal central axis of the housing 111. An additional sleeve 121 is coaxially inserted into the sleeve 117 on the side of the sleeve 117 near end 111b. In the illustrated embodiment, the additional sleeve 121 and the sleeve 117 have an interface that allows them to contact each other axially, so that the additional sleeve 121, under the action of a pulling force away from end 111b of the housing 111, can carry the sleeve 117 and slide axially in a direction away from end 111b of the housing 111. Conversely, when the additional sleeve 121 is subjected to a force toward end 111a (from left to right in the figure), it can end-contact the drive sleeve 118, thereby driving its axial movement.
[0042] The additional sleeve 121 is arranged coaxially with the mandrel sleeve 119, and a mandrel 122 is disposed through both the additional sleeve 121 and the mandrel sleeve 119. The mandrel 122 is axially slidable. Furthermore, the sleeve 117 is axially movable independently, and can slide axially along the direction toward the end 111b of the housing 111, for example, under the action of a force toward the end 111b. For example, the central axis of the mandrel 122 is coaxial with the longitudinal central axis of the housing 111.
[0043] A retaining groove 118a is integrally formed on the outer periphery of the drive sleeve 118, for example, four retaining grooves 118a may be formed. For example, the number of retaining grooves 118a is the same as the number of claws 210. Inside the hollow space 114 of the housing 111, lever arms 123 are pivotally disposed, for example, the number of lever arms 123 is the same as the number of claws 210. Each lever arm 123 is pivotable about a pivot pin 123a, for example, the pivot pin 123a can be arranged in the hollow space 114 in a manner known to those skilled in the art. Each lever arm 123 has a first arm 123b and a second arm 123c, and is evenly circumferentially spaced around the longitudinal central axis of the housing 111, and is aligned with a corresponding claw 210, so that the first arm 123b of the lever arm 123 can engage in the corresponding retaining groove 118a, and the second arm 123c of the lever arm 123 can engage in the retaining groove 113d of the claw 210. Thus, lever arm 123 is configured to pivot about pivot pin 123a as the drive sleeve 118 moves axially, driven by the engagement of its first arm 123b in retaining groove 118a, and consequently by the engagement of its second arm 123c in retaining groove 113d, causing slider 113 and thus pawl 210 to switch between a deployed position and a retaining position. In the illustrated embodiment, slider 113 and thus pawl 210 are shown only in the deployed position. It is conceivable that in the illustrated embodiment, slider 113 and thus pawl 210 are shown in the deployed position; if the drive sleeve 118 is forcefully driven to move toward end 111a, lever arm 123 will pivot to drive the corresponding slider 113 and thus pawl 210 from the deployed position to a retaining position (not shown) (e.g., in the retaining position, the knurled structure 210a of pawl 210 will be radially outwardly displaced).
[0044] Forward Figure 3 The spindle 122 has a head 122a. When the chuck 310 is not installed, the head 122a of the spindle 122 extends from the end face of the spindle sleeve 119 at the end 111a of the housing 111. Furthermore, the opposite tail 122b of the spindle 122... Figure 1 , 3 And 5) protrudes from sleeve 121. The spindle 122 may, for example, be configured to slide axially independent of the rotation of housing 111 or chuck body 110.
[0045] like Figure 1As shown, the chuck 310 includes supports 311. For example, four supports 311 are shown, each 311 being evenly spaced circumferentially around the longitudinal central axis of the chuck 310. The number of supports 311 can be the same as the number of jaws 210. A through hole is formed in each support 311 for inserting a bolt 312, which can be screwed into a threaded hole 111c formed in the end 111a to fix each support 311 to the end 111a of the housing 111, so that the longitudinal central axis of the chuck 310 coincides with the longitudinal central axis of the housing 111. In this way, each support 311 is located between two adjacent jaws 210.
[0046] Further reference Figure 5 , 6 And 7, a sliding sleeve 313 is axially slidable within the chuck head 310. According to an embodiment of this application, a support 311 is located at the proximal end 310b of the chuck head 310, while a plurality of, for example, three retractable chuck teeth 314 are provided at the distal end 310a of the chuck head 310. Figure 1 (Only two of them are visible in the text). In the context of this application, the distal end 310a of the chuck 310 refers to the end of the chuck 310 that is away from the chuck body 110 after it is installed in place, and conversely, the proximal end 310b of the chuck 310 refers to the end of the chuck 310 that is close to the chuck body 110 after it is installed in place. The jaw 314 is retractable relative to the radial direction (perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis of the chuck 310), and thus can switch between a deployed position and a holding position. In the context of this application, the “deployment position” relating to the chuck 310 or jaw 314 or its components refers to a position that allows mechanical parts, particularly non-returning mechanical parts (e.g., pump housing 200), to be positioned relative to the chuck 310; while the “holding position” relating to the chuck 310 or jaw 314 or its components refers to a position that allows mechanical parts, particularly non-returning mechanical parts (e.g., pump housing 200), to be held relative to the chuck 310 for machining. Here, positioning can be understood as the mechanical parts not yet subjected to holding forces. Each locking tooth 314 is circumferentially spaced, for example, at equal intervals, around the longitudinal central axis of the locking head 310, thereby allowing each locking tooth 314 to slide radially relative to the locking head 310 to achieve extension and retraction. A knurled structure 314a is formed on the radially outer side of each locking tooth 314 (see schematic diagram). Figure 1 , 6 (and 7), used to contact a portion of the pump housing 200 only in the retaining position of the locking tooth 314 (see reference). Figure 7 (As described below). At the deployment position of the locking teeth 314, the knurled structure 314a does not come into contact with the pump housing 200. The knurled structure 314a ensures that the pump housing 200 is firmly held in place when the locking teeth 314 come into contact with the pump housing 200, preventing accidental movement.
[0047] According to one embodiment of this application, each locking tooth 314 has a ramped surface on its side opposite to its knurled structure 314a, and contacts the conical surface of the end of the sliding sleeve 313. The slope of the ramp and the conical surface is set such that each locking tooth 314 can extend and retract perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis of the locking head 310. Furthermore, the locking tooth 314 may be equipped with a return spring (not shown in the figure), which provides a mechanism for the locking tooth 314 to automatically return from its holding position to its deployment position. Those skilled in the art will understand that a similar return spring can also be configured for the slider 113, so that the slider 113 or the locking claw 210 can also automatically return from its holding position to its deployment position under the action of the return spring.
[0048] In the embodiment shown in the figure, each tooth 314 is in its deployment position; as the sleeve 313 is moved away from the end 111b by force, the tooth 314 extends radially outward due to the contact between the ramp surface of the tooth 314 and the tapered surface of the end of the sleeve 313, thereby reaching the holding position and contacting the pump housing 200 in the holding position.
[0049] In embodiments of this application, the head 122a of the spindle 122 can be configured to drive the slide sleeve 313 to move axially. For example, when the chuck head 310 is installed to the end 111a of the housing 111 of the chuck body 110 via bolts 312 as described above, there is a first bushing 315 and a second bushing 316 between the head 122a of the spindle 122 and the end of the slide sleeve 313 opposite to the end where the jaw 314 is located. The first bushing 315 and the second bushing 316 are axially slidably disposed in the chuck head 310, so that after the head 122a contacts the second bushing 316, it can sequentially push the second bushing 316 and the first bushing 315, and thus push the slide sleeve 313 to move in a direction away from the support 311, so that the jaw 314 switches from the deployment position to the holding position.
[0050] Those skilled in the art will understand that the design of the first bushing 315 and the second bushing 316 can be implemented in any familiar form, as long as the design requirements for the clamping head 310 to hold the pump housing 200 are met. In alternative embodiments, provided that the design requirements for the clamping head 310 to hold the pump housing 200 are met, the first bushing 315 and / or the second bushing 316 can be omitted or designed in other non-illustrated ways, as long as it can be ensured that the head 122a can drive the sliding sleeve 313 to move away from the support 311 when subjected to external force, so that the chuck 314 switches from the deployment position to the holding position.
[0051] According to an embodiment of this application, when the chuck head 310 is installed in place relative to the chuck body 110, the knurled structure 210a (also referred to as the "first retaining structure") of the jaw 210 and the knurled structure 314a (also referred to as the "second retaining structure") of the chuck head 310 are axially spaced apart from each other. Alternatively, the first retaining structure 210a and the second retaining structure 314a may also adopt other textured surface embodiments familiar to those skilled in the art. When the chuck assembly 100 is installed in place on a corresponding machining equipment, the first retaining structure 210a of the jaw 210 and the second retaining structure 314a of the chuck head 310 are each in a deployed position, so that the pump housing 200 can be fitted around the jaw 210 and the chuck head 310. In the illustrated embodiment, the pump housing 200 has a sidewall 202 formed in its hollow cavity, which is axially spaced from the sidewall 201. When the pump housing 200 has been fitted around the chuck 210 and the chuck head 310, and the first retaining structure 210a of the chuck 210 and the second retaining structure 314a of the chuck head 310 are each in their deployed positions (e.g.) Figure 7 (As shown) The first retaining structure 210a of the chuck 210 is aligned with but not in contact with the side wall 201, and the second retaining structure 314a of the chuck head 310 is aligned with but not in contact with the side wall 202. With the sleeve 121 (as shown) Figure 7 The sleeve 121 (shown on the left end face) and the spindle 122 (on its tail 122b) are each subjected to external forces, which correspondingly cause the drive sleeve 118 and the sliding sleeve 313 to move in a direction away from the end 111b of the housing 111, so that the first retaining structure 210a of the chuck 210 and the second retaining structure 314a of the chuck head 310 switch to their respective retaining positions, in which the first retaining structure 210a and the second retaining structure 314a contact the sidewalls 210 and 202 respectively and apply a retaining force thereto to keep the pump housing 200 stationary relative to the chuck assembly 100. Those skilled in the art will understand that the external forces acting on the sleeve 121 and the spindle 122 can be provided in a manner well known in the art by the corresponding mechanical structure in the machining equipment to which the chuck assembly 100 is mounted, and therefore are omitted from the description in this application. When it is necessary to remove the pump housing 200, the external forces acting on the sleeve 121 and the spindle 122 are released, thereby returning the first retaining structure 210a of the chuck 210 and the second retaining structure 314a of the chuck head 310 from their respective retaining positions (e.g., under the action of a return spring) to the deployment position, so that the pump housing 200 can be removed from the chuck assembly 100 (e.g., axially withdrawn).
[0052] In the technical solution of this application, because the pump housing 200 can be held more firmly and reliably by the chuck 210 and the chuck 310 at two axially spaced positions, the pump housing 200 is held in a more secure and reliable manner, avoiding a decrease in machining accuracy due to vibration during machining of the pump housing 200. Furthermore, the chuck assembly 100 of this application is particularly suitable for holding mechanical parts that have just been cast or poured, especially non-rotary mechanical parts, such as the pump housing 200, to facilitate initial machining (e.g., turning, milling, planing, grinding, etc.), followed by secondary clamping using the machined surface obtained from the initial machining for further finishing.
[0053] In the technical solution of this application, the dimensions of the jaws 210 and the head 310 can be changed accordingly to adapt to pump housings of different sizes and specifications. For example, the axial and radial positions of the first retaining structure 210a of the jaws 210 and / or the second retaining structure 314a of the head 310 can be changed accordingly to adapt to the sidewall contact and retention requirements of the hollow cavity of different positions and / or shapes of pump housings of different sizes and specifications.
[0054] like Figures 1 to 2As shown in Figure 4, counterweights 410 and / or 420 are detachably provided on the chuck body 110. For example, the counterweights may be cylindrical, and in the illustrated embodiment, they generally include two different sizes (height and / or diameter) of counterweights 410 and 420. Meanwhile, a plurality of threaded holes 110d are formed in the end portion 111a of the housing 111 of the chuck body 110. The longitudinal axes of these threaded holes 110d are generally parallel to the longitudinal central axis of the housing 111, and these threaded holes 110d can be distributed circumferentially and / or radially along the end portion 111a. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of threaded holes 110d are distributed approximately along an imaginary circular interval in the end portion 111a, and the number of threaded holes 110d spaced between two adjacent sliders 113 and / or jaws 210 is the same. In an alternative embodiment, the plurality of threaded holes 110d may also be distributed along two or more imaginary circular intervals in the end portion 111a. Each threaded hole 110d can be screwed to receive a bolt 430 passing through a counterweight 410 or 420, so that the counterweight 410 or 420 is fixed relative to the chuck body 110. For example, depending on the dimensions of the non-rotating mechanical parts mounted on the chuck body 110, such as the pump housing 200, a digital model can be created in advance on a computer to simulate the weight distribution of the chuck body 110 carrying the mechanical parts as it rotates about its longitudinal central axis. Based on this, one or two or more counterweights 410 and / or 420 can be appropriately selected from the positions of the multiple threaded holes 110d, and the weight distribution can be recalculated to minimize vibration during rotation of the chuck body 110. Then, during the actual installation of the mechanical parts, the counterweights 410 and / or 420 are installed via bolts 430 to the positions of the computer-simulated selected threaded holes 110d (in the illustrated embodiment, one counterweight 410 and one counterweight 420 are installed respectively), thereby minimizing the vibration of the pump housing 200 clamped by the chuck assembly 100 of this application during subsequent machining (especially turning). Those skilled in the art will understand that the dimensions of the counterweights are not limited to the two shown in the figures, and can be more numerous or larger or smaller.
[0055] Although specific embodiments of this application are described in detail herein, they are provided for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the various embodiments described herein can be used in combination with each other. Various substitutions, modifications, and alterations can be conceived without departing from the spirit and scope of this application.
Claims
1. A chuck assembly (100) for holding mechanical parts for machining, characterized in that, include: A chuck body (110) is selectively rotatable about its longitudinal central axis. The chuck body (110) has a housing (111) and the housing (111) has a slider (113) at one end (111a) that is perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis. A chuck (210) is detachably mounted on the slider (113); as well as A clip (310) is provided, which is detachably mounted on the end (111a) and whose longitudinal central axis is coaxial with the longitudinal central axis. The jaw (210) is provided with a first retaining structure (210a), and the chuck (310) is provided with a second retaining structure (314a). The first retaining structure (210a) and the second retaining structure (314a) are axially spaced apart from each other. The first retaining structure (210a) has a deployment position and a holding position that can be selectively switched relative to the longitudinal central axis. The second retaining structure (314a) has a deployment position and a holding position that can be selectively switched relative to the longitudinal central axis. The deployment positions of the first retaining structure (210a) and the second retaining structure (314a) are positions that allow the mechanical part to be positioned relative to the jaw (210) and the chuck (310). The holding positions of the first retaining structure (210a) and the second retaining structure (314a) are positions that allow the mechanical part to be held by the first retaining structure (210a) and the second retaining structure (314a) for machining.
2. The chuck assembly (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first retaining structure (210a) is at a greater vertical distance from the longitudinal center axis in its deployment position than in its holding position, and the second retaining structure (314a) is at a greater vertical distance from the longitudinal center axis in its deployment position than in its holding position.
3. The chuck assembly (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The chuck (210) includes a plurality of chucks (210), each chuck (210) having a first retaining structure (210a); and / or The card head (310) includes a plurality of second retaining structures (314a).
4. The chuck assembly (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Each claw (210) includes a first segment that contacts a corresponding slider (113) and a second segment perpendicular to the first segment, wherein the first retaining structure (210a) is disposed radially outward at the free end of the second segment; and / or, The second retaining structure (314a) is located at the distal end (310a) of the card head (310).
5. The chuck assembly (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, A drive sleeve (118) capable of axial movement is provided inside the chuck body (110), and a lever arm (123) is pivotally disposed inside the chuck body (110). The lever arm (123) has a first arm (123b) engaging with the drive sleeve (118) and a second arm (123c) engaging with the slider (113). When the drive sleeve (118) is subjected to force and moves toward the end (111a) of the housing (111), the slider (113) is driven via the lever arm (123) to switch the first retaining structure (210a) from its deployment position to its retaining position.
6. The chuck assembly (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that, A spindle (122) capable of axial movement is provided inside the chuck body (110). The spindle (122) is arranged coaxially with the drive sleeve (118) and passes through the drive sleeve (118). The spindle (122) is capable of moving independently of the axis of the drive sleeve (118). The spindle (122) has a head (122a) close to the end (111a) of the chuck body (110) when the chuck head (310) is installed on the end (111a) of the chuck body (110). As the head (122a) moves toward the distal end (310a) of the chuck head (310), the second retaining structure (314a) of the chuck head (310) switches from its deployment position to its retaining position.
7. The chuck assembly (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first retaining structure (210a) and / or the second retaining structure (314a) include a knurled structure.
8. The chuck assembly (100) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The chuck head (310) includes an axially slidable sleeve (313) that, when mounted on the end (111a) of the chuck body (110), is coaxial with the spindle (122), and the head (122a) of the spindle (122) is coupled to the end of the sleeve (313) via at least one bushing (315 or 316) arranged within the chuck head (310), and the opposite end of the sleeve (313) has a tapered surface to contact the ramp surface of each tooth (314), such that when the sleeve (313) is axially driven via the head (122a), the second retaining structure (314a) of the tooth (314) switches from its deployment position to its retaining position.
9. The chuck assembly (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes at least one counterweight (410, 420), which is detachably disposed at at least one of a plurality of preset positions on the end (111a) of the chuck body (110).
10. The chuck assembly (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mechanical part is a non-rotational mechanical part or a pump housing (200).