Method and system for three-directional displacement monitoring of building by fusion of insar data and physical knowledge

Abstract

To provide a method and system for three-directional displacement monitoring of a building by fusion of InSAR data and physical knowledge.SOLUTION: The method for three-directional displacement monitoring includes the steps of: acquiring time-series LOS-directional deformation displacement of each orbit in a research field where a building to be monitored is located based on periodic observation data of a SAR satellite; obtaining a plurality of LOS-directional time-series deformations in which orbit time is unified by using an interpolation method; establishing an observation equation by using interpolated LOS-directional deformation data of the plurality of orbits to calculate deformations in a vertical direction and an east-west direction; calculating the rigidity of vertical and horizontal axes of each standard layer of a building structure based on a plan view of the building structure; establishing a prior model of the building structure by using a bottom face searing force method to calculate a deformation ratio of a direction of the vertical and horizontal axes; and calculating deformation displacement in a north-south direction of the building structure by combining with the established prior model of the building based on a two-dimensional deformation result. The method allows efficient and accurate monitoring of deformation of the building, and has a wide range of application value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of applied processing of InSAR (Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar) data and building safety monitoring, and more particularly to a method and system for monitoring three-way displacement of high-rise buildings by combining InSAR data and physical knowledge. [Background technology]

[0002] With the progress of urbanization and economic development, the construction of high-rise buildings has become increasingly common. As landmarks of modern cities, high-rise buildings not only represent the level of urban development, but also support large numbers of personnel and facilities. However, due to their special structures and complex environments, high-rise buildings face many potential challenges in terms of their structural safety and stability.

[0003] High-rise buildings are constantly deforming under the influence of forces, and their structures may be affected by factors such as natural disasters, geological conditions, construction quality, and environmental changes, which can lead to three-dimensional deformation. These deformations accumulate over time and can pose potential safety risks to the structure, even leading to building collapse and personnel casualties. Therefore, three-dimensional deformation monitoring of high-rise buildings is of great importance.

[0004] Currently, common deformation monitoring methods mainly employ devices such as total stations, bubble levels, and laser plumbing devices. Given the special nature of high-rise buildings, these common monitoring methods all have various drawbacks, primarily as follows: When performing measurements using an external control method with a total station, it is difficult to aim at the target, the elevation angle is too large, the laser divergence angle is large, and the effects of atmospheric flow and refraction result in reduced angle and ranging accuracy, making it impossible to meet requirements; when using a laser plumbing device to perform vertical transmission of control points, segmentation is required, which leads to accumulated errors and prevents the desired accuracy from being achieved; Furthermore, measurements cannot be performed without ensuring visibility between adjacent points, and multi-point synchronous observation is not possible, requiring a large amount of manpower and equipment for monitoring, resulting in high labor intensity, low efficiency, and low economic benefits. Therefore, more scientific, efficient, and comprehensive high-tech monitoring methods are needed to provide the necessary information for disaster prevention and control of urban buildings. By gaining a comprehensive understanding of the three-dimensional deformation status of high-rise buildings in real time, structural abnormalities and potential safety hazards can be detected in a timely manner, effective maintenance and repair measures can be taken, and the safety and service life of high-rise building structures can be ensured.

[0005] Synthetic aperture radar interferometry has been widely applied in the field of surface deformation monitoring due to its outstanding ability to obtain surface deformation information. However, deformation data obtained by InSAR cannot directly provide three-dimensional deformation information of the earth's surface due to the problem that line-of-sight (LOS) radar cannot detect north-south deformation of the earth's surface. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In response to the shortcomings of the prior art, the objective of this invention is to provide a method and system for monitoring three-way displacement of buildings by combining InSAR data with physical knowledge. InSAR data is used to calculate two-dimensional deformation fields, which are then combined with a prior model of building structure deformation established based on physical knowledge, and three-dimensional deformation is then calculated. This eliminates the need for direct contact with the building during the daily monitoring, operation and maintenance of the building, thereby avoiding the impact and destruction on the building structure that occurs with traditional monitoring methods and ensuring the safety of the building. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To achieve the above object of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0008] Step 1: Obtaining time-series LOS direction deformation displacement for each orbit in the research area where the monitored building is located based on the periodic observation data of the SAR satellite; Step 2: Perform time-dimensional interpolation on the LOS deformation data sets of ascending and descending trajectories to calculate multiple LOS time series deformations with unified orbital time; Step 3: establishing observation equations based on the LOS deformation of the interpolated multiple orbits and calculating the vertical and east-west deformations; Step 4: calculating the stiffness of each standard story of the building structure along the longitudinal and transverse axes based on the floor plan of the building structure; Step 5: using the physical knowledge of the base shear force method to establish a preliminary model of the building structure based on the floor plan of the building structure, and calculate the deformation ratio in the longitudinal and transverse directions; This is a three-direction displacement monitoring method for buildings that combines InSAR data and physical knowledge, and includes step 6 of combining the vertical and east-west deformation results with a prior model of the deformation of the building structure to calculate the deformation displacement of the building structure in the north-south direction.

[0009] Preferably, in step 1, a plurality of SAR image data including the monitored building area are obtained by periodic observation, and time series processing is performed using the short baseline ensemble time series analysis SBAS-InSAR method with differential interferometry to obtain time series LOS direction deformation displacement of each trajectory in the study area where the monitored building is located.

[0010] Preferably, in step 3, the observation equation is:

number

[0011]

number

[0012]

number

[0013]

number

[0014] Preferably, in step 6, the three-dimensional deformation relationship in the settlement direction and the vertical and horizontal axis directions of the building is as follows:

number

[0015] Preferably, in step 7, EMD processing is performed on the acquired original three-dimensional deformation of the building to remove periodic deformation of the building due to temperature effects and obtain three-dimensional deformation data with more reliable trends.

[0016] The three-way displacement monitoring system for buildings that combines InSAR data and physical knowledge to realize the above method is as follows: a LOS direction deformation calculation module for obtaining time-series LOS direction deformation displacements for each orbit in the research area where the monitored building is located based on the periodic observation data of the SAR satellite; An interpolation module for calculating multiple time series deformations in the LOS direction with unified orbital time by performing time dimension interpolation on the LOS deformation data sets of ascending and descending trajectories. a vertical and east-west deformation calculation module for establishing an observation equation based on the LOS deformation of the interpolated multiple orbits and calculating the vertical and east-west deformation; a stiffness calculation module for calculating stiffness of each standard story of the building structure along its longitudinal and transverse axes based on a floor plan of the building structure; a horizontal axis deformation ratio calculation module for establishing a preliminary model of the building structure based on the floor plan of the building structure using the physical knowledge of the base shear force method, and calculating the vertical and horizontal axis deformation ratio; and a north-south deformation calculation module for calculating the deformation displacement of the building structure in the north-south direction by combining the deformation results in the vertical and east-west directions with a prior model of the deformation of the building structure.

[0017] A computer system including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the computer program is loaded into the processor, the computer system realizes the steps of the method for monitoring three-way displacement of a building by combining InSAR data and physical knowledge. [Effects of the Invention]

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical advantages: It improves the effectiveness of InSAR deformation monitoring technology and provides a three-way building displacement monitoring method that combines InSAR data and physical knowledge for the monitoring of super-tall buildings. It combines building structural characteristics to construct a three-dimensional building deformation space coordinate system, establishes a relationship model between LOS deformation and three-dimensional building deformation, and uses satellite ascent and descent data to obtain the three-dimensional deformation field of the building in the research area, thereby eliminating the need for direct contact with the building, avoiding the impact and destruction on building structures that occurs with traditional monitoring methods and ensuring building safety. The research and development of the method of the present invention is of great significance to ensuring public safety and improving the reliability and durability of building structures, and has a positive effect on the sustainable development of cities and the healthy operation of construction projects. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional exploded schematic diagram of LOS direction deformation in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bottom shear force method in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the deformation of a building and a spatial coordinate system in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating image coverage and study area geometries in an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is data from orbit 55 and (b) is data from orbit 164. [Figure 6] 1 is a schematic diagram of a space-time baseline pair in an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is data from orbit 55 and (b) is data from orbit 164. [Figure 7] 2A and 2B are processing diagrams of the 20200106-20200118 interferometric flow process in an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a coherent diagram, (b) is the original differential interferometric image, (c) is an unwrapped diagram, and (d) is the filtered differential interferometric image. [Figure 8]10A and 10B are distribution diagrams of average deformation velocity in the LOS direction in an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is the deformation velocity from trajectory 55 and (b) is the deformation velocity from trajectory 164. [Figure 9] 1A and 1B are two-dimensional deformation trend diagrams of a monitoring point in an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a subsidence deformation trend diagram and (b) is an east-west deformation trend diagram. [Figure 10] 1A and 1B are original three-dimensional deformation diagrams of a building in an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a subsidence deformation diagram, (b) is an x-axis deformation diagram of the building, and (c) is a y-axis deformation diagram of the building. [Figure 11] 3A and 3B are three-dimensional deformation trend diagrams of a building in an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a subsidence deformation trend diagram, (b) is an x-axis deformation trend diagram of the building, and (c) is a y-axis deformation trend diagram of the building. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] The following describes the technical solutions of the present invention in more detail in combination with drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 1, the three-direction displacement monitoring method for a building that combines InSAR data and physical knowledge disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Step 1: Obtaining time-series LOS direction deformation displacement for each orbit in the research area where the monitored building is located based on the periodic observation data of the SAR satellite; Step 2: Perform time-dimensional interpolation on the LOS deformation data sets of ascending and descending trajectories to calculate multiple LOS time series deformations with unified orbital time; Step 3: establishing observation equations based on the LOS deformation of the interpolated multiple orbits and calculating the vertical and east-west deformations; Step 4: calculating the stiffness of each standard story of the building structure along the longitudinal and transverse axes based on the floor plan of the building structure; Step 5: using the physical knowledge of the base shear force method to establish a preliminary model of the building structure based on the stiffness of the vertical and horizontal axes of each standard story of the building structure, and calculate the deformation ratio in the vertical and horizontal axes; and step 6 of combining the vertical and east-west deformation results obtained by InSAR with a prior model of the deformation of the building structure to calculate the deformation displacement of the building structure in the north-south direction.

[0022] For example, in step 1, a high-resolution SAR satellite is used to conduct periodic observations of the area where the target building is located, and one SAR monitoring image is obtained for each ascending and descending orbit at each period. Time series processing is then performed using a differential interferometry short baseline subset time series analysis technique (SBAS-InSAR) to obtain the time series LOS deformation displacement of each orbit in the research area where the target building is located.

[0023] In an illustrative example, step 1 includes firstly using a high-resolution SAR satellite, in each period the SAR satellite takes one image data of the high-rise building area to be monitored, and obtains 12 or more SAR image data including the high-rise building area to be monitored, then performing differential interferometry processing on all SAR image data using SBAS to obtain monitoring results of the high-rise building area to be monitored, and subsequently performing geocoding processing on the SAR reference image and the subsidence monitoring results to obtain time-series LOS direction deformation monitoring result data of the ascending and descending trajectories.

[0024] In step 2, the deformation data of the elevation track, including the time dimension and LOS direction measurements, is collected. Then, the time dimension data is preprocessed to ensure orderly and complete data. An interpolation function is then constructed. At the time points requiring interpolation, the interpolation function within the corresponding interval is used to perform interpolation and obtain the LOS direction deformation value.

[0025] As can be seen from Fig. 2, the relationship between the LOS direction deformation and the three-dimensional deformation in the ENU coordinate system satisfies Eq. (1),

number

[0026] Equation (1) is a three-dimensional decomposition of the LOS deformation of a single orbit. When there are observational data from multiple orbits, it can be written in matrix form as shown in equation (2).

[0027]

number

number

[0028] The interpolation results of the elevation trajectory data at the same ground point at the same time are substituted into a two-dimensional deformation amount calculation model for calculation, and the two-dimensional deformation amount of that point at that time can be obtained.

[0029] For example, in step 3, when the satellite radar performs scanning imaging on the ground, the ascending satellite flight azimuth angle ∂1, the radar incidence angle θ1, the descending satellite flight azimuth angle ∂2, and the radar incidence angle θ2 can all be found from the SAR image data file and are known quantities. The ground point has an east-west deformation amount D E and the vertical deformation is D U and the radar LOS direction deformation is D E and D U is the sum of the LOS projections of D E , D U To obtain the value of , the LOS direction deformation values ​​at the same time and at the same ground point obtained from the ascending and descending track data experiments can be combined and substituted into the two-dimensional deformation calculation formula (3) to calculate it.

[0030] In an illustrative example, in step 4, in structural construction, shear walls are usually designed as the main lateral-resisting members in the structural system. Due to their geometric shape and material properties, they can effectively resist lateral loads, while columns bear vertical and partial lateral loads in the structure. Therefore, the overall lateral resistance of a structural floor usually requires comprehensive consideration of the shear stiffness of the shear walls and the bending stiffness of the columns, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0031]

number

[0032] In step 5, we assume that the deformation characteristics of the structure under seismic action are linear elastic and that the mass of the structure is uniformly distributed on each floor. The building structure under seismic action can be approximated as a single-degree-of-freedom system, with each floor considered as an independent mass point, and the seismic action is distributed along the height in an inverted triangle shape (Figure 3). According to the base shear force method, the horizontal seismic action on the mass point on the i-th floor is as follows:

number

[0033] When the structure has many floors, the horizontal seismic action calculated by the above formula is smaller than that calculated by mode decomposition response spectroscopy. To compensate, one concentrated force △F is applied to the top of the structure. n is added, and △F n =δ n F Ek and δ n is the top additional seismic action coefficient.

[0034] In this case, the horizontal seismic action that the mass point on the i-th floor receives is as follows:

number

[0035] The frame shear structure of a super high-rise building can be further simplified by assuming that the mass of each floor is equal, and the gravity load on each floor can be regarded as a constant. The horizontal seismic action on the building is given by the following formula:

number

[0036] Considering the elastic response of building structures under earthquake action, the horizontal deformation of each story is defined as the ratio of the horizontal shear force to the stiffness of that story. The deformation of the top of the building is the sum of the deformations of each story, as shown in the following formula.

number

[0037] In the established preliminary model, the deformation ratio of the horizontal and vertical axes at the top of the building is as follows:

number

[0038] In step 6, based on the established prior model, a theoretical constraint equation between the building's longitudinal and transverse axis deformation and the east-west deformation component (DE) is introduced. Combined with the already established two-dimensional deformation calculation formula, the theoretical constraint equation is fused with the two-dimensional deformation value monitored by InSAR to derive the three-dimensional deformation relationship between the building's settlement direction and the longitudinal and transverse axis directions.

[0039]

number

[0040] In one illustrative example, after obtaining three-dimensional deformation data through the previous steps 1 to 6, the method further includes step 7, in which EMD processing is performed on the obtained original three-dimensional deformation of the building to remove periodic deformation of the building due to temperature effects and obtain three-dimensional deformation data with more reliable trends.

[0041] The detailed process and effect of the embodiment of the present invention will be described below by combining with a specific high-rise building research object. The three-direction displacement monitoring method of a building by combining InSAR data and physical knowledge shown in this exemplary embodiment includes the following steps 1 to 7:

[0042] In step 1, we obtain time-series LOS deformation monitoring data of the ascending and descending trajectories in the research area. The study focused on Tower 2 of the Yingli International Financial Center in Chongqing, China. Sentinel-1A satellite data from 283 satellites, including 155 ascending orbit data and 128 descending orbit data, was used. The polarization method was VV polarization, and the imaging mode was wide-stripe imaging. Detailed information on orbits 55 and 164 in the Sentinel-1A data is shown in Table 1. To reduce phase errors caused by orbital errors, precise orbit data was used during data processing to refine the orbital information. The relative locations of the ascending and descending Sentinel-1A image coverage area and the study area are shown in Figure 5. The red frame indicates the SAR image coverage area, and the yellow dot indicates the location of the study area.

[0043] Table 1. Detailed information on orbits 55 and 164 in Sentinel-1A data [Table 1]

[0044] The SBAS-InSAR method is used to perform a series of data processing on SAR images of the area where the research object is located. The specific processing flow includes the following: First, based on the multi-main image principle, a short spatial and temporal baseline policy is adopted to construct a short-baseline interferometric dataset. In the ascending and descending track data processing, the time baseline threshold is set to 60 days, and the spatial baseline threshold is ±150 meters. The resulting ascending track data connection diagram for the research area is shown in Figure 6(a), and the descending track data connection diagram is shown in Figure 6(b).

[0045] All images are then registered into a superimposed main image and subjected to differential interferometry, which is the basis for subsequent processing in the SBAS method. Multi-look processing techniques are used to suppress speckle noise, ensuring the mass of the interferometric results. Goldstein filtering is then performed to improve the resolution of the interference fringes and the accuracy of the phase unwrapping, thereby eliminating partial noise phases and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the interferometric images. The minimum-cost flow (MCF) method is used for phase unwrapping. After the interferometric flow process is completed, a series of results are generated, including coherent coefficient maps, interferometric images, and unwrapped result diagrams, as shown in Figure 7.

[0046] Then, the trajectory is refined and re-flattened by selecting ground control points (GCPs). Taking advantage of the high spatial and low temporal correlation of the atmosphere, low-pass and high-pass filtering methods are used to remove atmospheric components in the deformation phase, respectively, and geocoding is performed. Through the combined application of these steps, we finally obtain the average deformation velocity distribution map (Figure 8) for the LOS direction of the two trajectories in the study area.

[0047] In step 2, the cubic spline interpolation method is used to perform time-dimensional interpolation on the LOS deformation datasets of the ascending and descending trajectories, respectively, to calculate multiple LOS time series deformations with unified orbital time. The deformation data of the elevation track, including time dimension and LOS direction measurements, is collected, and then the time dimension data is preprocessed to ensure that the data is orderly and without any missing data. After that, cubic spline interpolation coefficients for constructing the interpolation function are calculated, and the time dimension data is divided into multiple small intervals. Then, cubic spline interpolation functions are constructed, with each interval having its own independent interpolation function. For the time point requiring interpolation, cubic spline interpolation is performed using the interpolation function in the corresponding interval to obtain the LOS direction deformation value.

[0048] In step 3, the observation equation is established based on the LOS deformation of the interpolated multiple orbits, and the vertical and east-west deformations are calculated. Based on the satellite-related data information shown in Table 1, the specific parameters for the Sentry-1 satellite scanning and imaging the Chongqing area can be determined. Specifically, the ascending satellite's flight azimuth angle a is recorded as -9.89°, its radar incidence angle θ1 is 43.91°, and at the descending point, the satellite's flight azimuth angle a2 is -169.20°, and the corresponding radar incidence angle θ2 is 33.86°. The above satellite parameters are combined with the LOS direction deformation interpolation data of the ascending and descending orbits obtained by processing with the cubic spline interpolation method, and calculated using the corresponding formulas to obtain the east-west and vertical (descending) deformation results of the monitoring point (Figure 9).

[0049] Step 4: Based on the floor plan of the building structure, calculate the stiffness of the vertical and horizontal axes of each standard story of the building structure; The lateral stiffness of a structure's story can be simply divided into the shear stiffness of the shear walls and the bending stiffness of the columns. The vertical and horizontal stiffness of each standard story of the building can be calculated based on the structural design drawings, as shown in Equation (4).

[0050] Based on the floor plan of the building structure, in this embodiment, the stiffness information of the vertical and horizontal axes for each floor of the building is calculated, and the details of these calculation results are summarized in Table 2, which shows important data regarding the stiffness of the building structure.

[0051] Table 2: Stiffness information of the vertical and horizontal axes for each floor of the building [Table 2]

[0052] In step five, using the physical knowledge of the base shear force method, a preliminary model of the rigid building structure of each story is established based on the floor plan of the building structure, and the obtained deformation ratio in the longitudinal and transverse directions is 1.133.

[0053] In step six, the vertical and east-west deformation results are combined with the prior model of the deformation of the building structure to calculate the deformation displacement of the building structure in the north-south direction. Based on the deformation data in the east-west direction of the building obtained by InSAR two-dimensional resolution and the deformation ratio of the vertical and horizontal axes of the building's top part derived from the established prior model, detailed deformation information in the two directions of the building's vertical and horizontal axes is obtained.In addition, in this embodiment, based on the included angle of 11.25° between the actually measured vertical and horizontal axes of the building and the coordinate system, the subsidence deformation data of the building obtained by InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) technology can be combined to obtain comprehensive information on the three-dimensional deformation of the building.The three-dimensional deformation diagram of the Chongqing Yingli Building is shown in Figure 10.

[0054] In step seven, EMD processing is performed on the original 3D deformation of the building obtained to remove the periodic deformation of the building caused by the influence of temperature. The trend deformation results obtained after EMD (empirical mode decomposition) processing for the building are shown in Figure 11. As can be seen from these results, the building exhibits an overall downward trend, with the amount of settlement continuing to increase over time. The building's vertical and horizontal deformations also show a tendency to continue to increase. This phenomenon could be uneven settlement due to design issues within the building itself, or it could be deformation in a specific direction due to environmental factors in the area where the building is located, such as wind direction. Considering everything, the trend deformation results for the building obtained by this example are reasonable and are believed to reflect the actual deformation situation of the building under specific conditions.

[0055] Based on the same inventive concept, a three-direction displacement monitoring system for a building that combines InSAR data and physical knowledge is disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention and is used to realize the above method. The system includes an LOS deformation calculation module for obtaining time-series LOS deformation displacements for each orbit in the research area where the monitored building is located based on periodic observation data from an SAR satellite; an interpolation module for performing time-dimensional interpolation on the LOS deformation data sets of the ascending and descending orbits, respectively, to calculate multiple LOS time-series deformations with unified orbital times; and a calculation module for calculating the LOS deformation time series based on the LOS deformations of the multiple orbits after interpolation. It comprises a vertical and east-west deformation calculation module for establishing observation equations and calculating deformation in the vertical and east-west directions; a stiffness calculation module for calculating the stiffness of the vertical and horizontal axes of each standard story of the building structure based on the floor plan of the building structure; a horizontal axis deformation ratio calculation module for establishing a preliminary model of the building structure based on the floor plan of the building structure using the physical knowledge of the base shear force method and calculating the deformation ratio in the vertical and horizontal axes; and a north-south deformation calculation module for combining the vertical and east-west deformation results with the preliminary model of the building structure deformation and calculating the deformation displacement in the north-south direction of the building structure.

[0056] Based on the same inventive concept, a computer system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the computer program is loaded into the processor, the steps of the method for monitoring three-way displacement of a building by fusing InSAR data and physical knowledge are realized.

[0057] Those skilled in the art will understand that unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs. Furthermore, terms as defined in commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and should further be understood not to be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless otherwise defined herein.

[0058] The above examples are merely for illustrating the technical idea of ​​the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made based on the technical idea and technical solutions provided by the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications may be made within the scope of knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. Step 1: based on periodic observation data of a SAR satellite, acquiring time-series LOS direction deformation displacements for each orbit in a research area where a monitored building is located; Step 2: performing time dimension interpolation on the LOS direction deformation data sets of the ascending and descending trajectories, respectively, to calculate multiple LOS direction time series deformations with unified orbital times; Step 3: establishing observation equations based on the LOS deformations of the interpolated multiple orbits and calculating vertical and east-west deformations; Step 4: calculating the stiffness of each standard story of the building structure along the longitudinal and lateral axes based on the floor plan of the building structure, where the overall anti-lateral stiffness of the structural story includes the shear stiffness of the shear wall and the bending stiffness of the column member; Step 5: using the physical knowledge of the base shear force method to establish a preliminary model of the building structure based on the floor plan of the building structure, and calculate the deformation ratio in the longitudinal and transverse directions; Step 6: Combining the vertical and east-west deformation results with a prior model of the deformation of the building structure to calculate the deformation displacement of the building structure in the north-south direction; In step 5, each floor of the building structure is regarded as an independent mass point, and according to the base shear force method, the horizontal seismic action received by the mass point of the i-th floor is given by the following formula 1, where H i , H k is the calculated height of the mass point, and G i , G k is the gravitational load value of the mass point, and F Ek is the standard value of the total horizontal seismic action of the structure, n is the total number of stories of the structure, and δ n is the top additional seismic action coefficient, The horizontal deformation of each story is defined as the ratio of the horizontal shear force to the stiffness of that story, and the deformation of the top of the building is the sum of the deformations of each story. The horizontal deformation of the top of the building is given by the following formula 2, and the vertical deformation is given by the following formula 3, where K ix and K. iy is a three-direction displacement monitoring method for buildings that combines InSAR data and physical knowledge, characterized in that the horizontal and vertical axes respectively represent the stiffness of the i-th floor. [Equation 1]

2. The three-way displacement monitoring method for a building that combines InSAR data and physical knowledge as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step 1, a plurality of SAR image data including the area of ​​the building to be monitored are obtained by periodic observation, and time series processing is performed using the short baseline ensemble time series analysis (SBAS-InSAR) method using differential interferometry to obtain time series LOS direction deformation displacement of each trajectory in the research area where the building to be monitored is located.

3. In step 3, the observation equation is: [Equation 2] In the formula, D LOS1 , D LOS2 are the radar line of sight deformations for ascending and descending tracks, respectively, and D U , D E are the vertical and east-west deformations, respectively, and θ 1 , θ 2 are the incidence angles of the ascending and descending radar waves, respectively, and ∂ 1 , ∂ 2 2. The method for monitoring three-direction displacement of a building by combining InSAR data and physical knowledge according to claim 1, wherein:

4. In step 4, the overall lateral stiffness of the structural floor, K, is calculated by multiplying the shear stiffness of the shear wall, K W and bending stiffness K of the column member C Including, [Equation 3] In the formula, G represents the rigidity modulus of the material used for the member, E represents the elasticity modulus of the material used for the member, and A W represents the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the shear wall in the calculation direction, h is the structural floor height, and I C The three-direction displacement monitoring method for a building by combining InSAR data and physical knowledge according to claim 1, wherein σ is the moment of inertia of the horizontal cross section of the column.

5. 3. The three-way displacement monitoring method for a building that combines InSAR data and physical knowledge according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, assuming that the mass of each floor is equal and the gravitational load of each floor is a constant, the deformation ratio of the horizontal axis to the vertical axis of the top of the building is as follows: [Equation 4]

6. In step 6, the three-dimensional deformation relationship of the building in the settlement direction and the longitudinal and transverse directions is as follows: [Equation 5] In the formula, β is the angle between the horizontal axis of the building and the quasi-east direction, △x, △y, and △z are the horizontal axis, vertical axis, and settlement deformation of the building, respectively, and D U , D N , D E The three-direction displacement monitoring method for a building by combining InSAR data and physical knowledge as described in claim 1, characterized in that: are the deformations in the vertical direction, the north-south direction, and the east-west direction in the northeast-upper ENU coordinate system, respectively.

7. The three-way displacement monitoring method for a building that combines InSAR data and physical knowledge as described in claim 1 further includes step 7 of performing EMD processing on the acquired original three-dimensional deformation of the building to remove periodic deformation of the building due to temperature effects and obtain three-dimensional deformation data with more reliable trends.

8. a LOS deformation calculation module for obtaining time-series LOS deformation displacements of each orbit in a research area where the monitored building is located based on periodic observation data of the SAR satellite; an interpolation module for performing time-dimensional interpolation on the LOS direction deformation data sets of the ascending and descending trajectories, respectively, to calculate a plurality of LOS direction time series deformations with unified orbital time; a vertical and east-west deformation calculation module for establishing an observation equation based on the LOS deformation of the interpolated multiple orbits and calculating the vertical and east-west deformation; a stiffness calculation module for calculating stiffness of each standard story of the building structure along its longitudinal and transverse axes based on a floor plan of the building structure; a horizontal axis deformation ratio calculation module for establishing a preliminary model of the building structure based on the floor plan of the building structure using the physical knowledge of the base shear force method, and calculating the vertical and horizontal axis deformation ratio; A system for realizing the three-way displacement monitoring method of a building that combines InSAR data and physical knowledge as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a north-south direction deformation calculation module that combines the vertical and east-west deformation results with a prior model of the deformation of the building structure to calculate the north-south direction deformation displacement of the building structure.

9. 10. A computer system comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the computer program is loaded into the processor, the computer system implements the steps of the method for monitoring three-directional displacement of a building by combining InSAR data and physical knowledge according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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