Expandable root zone limited cultivation of shine muscat in tochigi prefecture

Abstract

To solve the problem that there is no optimum method for carrying out root zone limited cultivation for the purpose of early season gardening under a medium and circumstances of Tochigi suitable for Shine Muscat.SOLUTION: At the time of planting, the sheet is separated from the ground to fix the culture medium. To provide a cultivation system enabling cultivation in Tochigi prefecture and early season gardening corresponding to grape cultivar having a large particle diameter in a medium amount, an expansion period of the medium, a fertilizer application amount, a returning period, a watering method and a watering amount. This method is characterized in that the formation of main branches is completed in the first year of planting by applying a frother liquid agent and adjusting the number of buds to a tree having strong vigor which is a characteristic of large-sized grapes (especially Shine Muscat) from the first year of planting.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for rapidly maturing grapes in outdoor cultivation. [Background technology]

[0002] Root-restricted grape cultivation is a cultivation method that was actively researched in various prefectures in the 1990s with the aim of accelerating grape orchard maturity. The key to accelerating orchard maturity is to reduce the number of years it takes for the trees to reach maturity by reducing the crown area, and to achieve this, it is important to reduce the amount of roots. With the traditional method of planting in the ground, it is not possible to control the amount of roots, making it difficult to keep the tree within the limited crown area and to encourage reproductive dominance in the fruit trees.

[0003] Therefore, root-zone restricted cultivation is a technique that aims to accelerate the maturation of orchards by forming a medium isolated from the ground and controlling the amount of roots. However, at the time the technique was established, there was currently no research being done on techniques suitable for large-sized grapes, particularly Shine Muscat, which had not yet appeared. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] "Basic Manual for Introduction to Rhizosphere Control Cultivation Methods for Fruit Trees" Consortium Joint Research Institute for Rhizosphere Control Cultivation Methods for Fruit Trees [Non-patent document 2] "Tree species edition: Introduction manual for root zone control cultivation of fruit trees" Consortium joint research institute for the practice of root zone control cultivation of fruit trees [Non-patent document 3] "Research on the soil-based root zone control cultivation method for grapes" by Keiichi Kanehara [Non-patent document 4] "Dense planting and root zone restriction cultivation for early maturation of tetraploid grapevines" by Toshiharu Imai [Non-patent document 5] "Hiroshima Ichimonji style cultivated with expanded root zone restriction" by Imai Shunji Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Tochigi Prefecture's grape production volume was 2,730 tons in 2009, ranking 17th in Japan, but in 2020 it had dropped to 1,490 tons, ranking 21st in the country. The main reasons are 1) to 3) below. 1) Due to rising temperatures caused by global warming, it has become increasingly difficult to produce Kyoho grapes, which were the main cultivar. 2) In managing the tree vigor of the emerging variety Shine Muscat, the strong root growth in the highly water-retaining andosol soil requires long main branches, making cultivation management difficult. Also, from the perspective of the water retention capacity mentioned above, it is difficult to prevent fruit cracking due to rain before harvest. 3) Due to the reason stated in 2) above, there is a long period of non-profitability after replanting. For this reason, Tochigi Prefecture is not suitable for grape production.

[0006] However, among grapes, the production of Shine Muscat is on the rise nationwide, and in Tochigi Prefecture, production volume and cultivated area are also increasing. In recent years, root zone restricted cultivation of grapes has become more common due to the reduction in the burden of production management, but it is not suitable for Shine Muscat.

[0007] The present invention aims to optimize such root-zone restricted cultivation for Shine Muscat grapes in Tochigi Prefecture, and to provide the amount of medium, the timing for expanding the medium, the amount of fertilizer to be applied, the timing for cutting back, and the irrigation method. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] We have a 3ha field in our company where we cultivate approximately 2,500 grape vines using root zone restriction. We analyzed the relationship between the above drivers and yield and quality for these vines, and as a result, we have completed this invention.

[0009] As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, Akadama soil from Tochigi Prefecture was used instead of Hiroshima's decomposed granite soil, which was recommended in the conventional Hiroshima method. In this case, the conventional Tochigi method's mixture of 60% Akadama soil and 40% bark compost was unable to suppress the vigor of the Shine Muscat trees, with only around 30 nodes growing out of 48. The amount of soil used at planting, which is the basic amount of medium used in the Hiroshima method, was reduced by 10%, from 100L. The amount of top dressing was also reduced by 50%.

[0010] In the traditional Hiroshima method, the expansion period for the medium was early autumn in the first year after planting and late autumn in the third or fourth year. However, it is ideal to expand the medium for Shine Muscat in early autumn in the first year and late autumn in the second year in line with changes in harvest yield. In line with the vigorous root growth and crown expansion of Shine Muscat, the effects of the blended soil made it possible to accelerate the expansion period for the medium to the above mentioned timing. As a result, the time for stable quality in terms of grain size, which previously took place in the fourth year, was shortened to the third year.

[0011] The initial amount of fertilizer applied remained the same, but the amount of top dressing was reduced by 50%.

[0012] Traditionally, winter pruning was done at the growing position during the Obon period, but the cutting position was decided based on the state of ripening of the branches rather than the timing.

[0013] Under the Hiroshima method, the amount of irrigation water was adjusted to match the changing growth stage according to the calendar, but to accommodate the climate in Tochigi Prefecture, it was decided to advance the change in irrigation water amount by 1-2 weeks.

[0014] In line with the above, in order to control trees with strong vigor, the basic approach was to spray the pesticide Flastar on the growth points during the main branch formation period in the first year, thereby controlling the internodes and causing branches to appear. [Effects of the Invention]

[0015] This invention has succeeded in quantifying and verbalizing the root zone restricted cultivation method for the early maturation of Shine Muscat grapes, and is a technology that makes it possible to increase the yield and improve the quality of Shine Muscat grapes, which are widely cultivated in Japan. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] Enlarged view of the main branch guide wire and the arm that secures the guide wire [Figure 2] Side view of shelf structure [Figure 3] View of the shelf structure [Figure 4] Side angle [Figure 5] Directly above angle DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] In the present invention, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, when planting, a sheet is laid to isolate the grapes from the ground, and then the soil is fixed on top of it with the sheet and cords. [Industrial Applicability]

[0018] Root zone restriction is a technique that can be applied not only to grapes but also to all fruit tree species. [Explanation of symbols]

[0019] 1. Irrigation pipe 2. Akadama soil 3 Multi 4 Route Wrap Sheet 30A 5. Waterproof sheet 0.5mm 6. Weed control sheet 7 Ground (black soil) 8 Mica wire

Claims

1. In contrast to the root zone restricted cultivation method in which the soil is isolated with a waterproof sheet at the time of planting and the medium is enclosed and fixed with a root wrap sheet, this is a cultivation method that enables early maturation of the orchard by adjusting the amount of medium, timing of expanding the medium, amount of fertilizer, timing of cutting back, irrigation method and amount to suit cultivation in Tochigi Prefecture and large-grain grape varieties.

2. The method of claim 1 is characterized in that for trees with strong vigor, which is a characteristic of large-grained grapes (especially Shine Muscat), in order to ensure a sufficient number of branches within the range of dense planting, the method involves applying a cluster liquid and adjusting the number of buds from the first year after planting, thereby completing the formation of main branches in the first year.

Images