Projection image display member, transparent display system, head-up display system, and transportation equipment

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a projection image display member capable of reducing a double image even at a projection angle other than a Brewster's angle.SOLUTION: A P-polarized light reflective layer and an absorptive light control layer, wherein an average reflectivity at a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm is 5% or more and 100% or less when P-polarized light is incident from the P-polarized light reflective layer side so as to form 60 ° with respect to a normal direction of a surface on the P-polarized light reflective layer side, the projection-image-displaying member satisfies (Tv + Rv) ≤ 95, where Tv (%) is an average transmissivity of wavelengths 400nm to 700nm when p-polarized light is incident perpendicularly to a front face of the projection-image-displaying member from the p-polarized light reflecting layer side, and Rv (%) is an average reflectivity of wavelengths 400nm to 700nm when p-polarized light is incident from the p-polarized light reflecting layer side so as to form an angle of 12 ° with respect to a normal to the front face.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a projection image display member, and to a transparent display system, a head-up display system, and transportation equipment using the same. [Background technology]

[0002] A head-up display (HUD) system is a display system that projects information into the field of view of the occupant of a vehicle or other transportation equipment, and can improve driving safety and comfort by displaying, for example, route information, warning information, building information, etc. that matches the scenery ahead of the occupant. The simplest mechanism for this is to project an image from an image projector at an oblique angle onto a projection image display member on the windshield of the transportation equipment, reflecting the image, and bringing the reflected image into the occupant's field of view.

[0003] In such HUDs, laminated glass is used as the projected image display component, but when an image is projected, reflection occurs not only on the image projection surface but also on the opposite surface (back surface), creating the problem of double images. This double image occurs when a reflected image (ghost image) from the back surface is superimposed next to the projected image (main image), causing it to appear as a double image.

[0004] To address this issue, a method has been proposed in which a polarized reflective film that reflects only polarized light components vibrating in a specific direction is placed inside the projection image display component. For example, a method has been proposed in which P-polarized light, which is polarized light whose electromagnetic wave vibration plane is parallel to the plane of incidence, is used as the light that forms the image, and the incident angle is set to the Brewster angle, which is the angle at which the glass's P-polarized light reflectance becomes 0% (Patent Document 1). Another method has been proposed to address this issue by placing a film inside laminated glass that transmits light from the front and reflects P-polarized light from oblique directions, and allowing the P-polarized light that forms the image to be incident at the Brewster angle of the laminated glass, thereby eliminating the double images (Patent Document 2). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2005 / 017600 [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. 2019 / 198635 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, even if a light source with a large amount of P-polarized light component is used to irradiate the light that forms the image, as in Patent Documents 1 and 2, there are various designs for the laminated glass that forms the projection image display member, and it is difficult to match the angle of incidence of light to Brewster's angle for projection image display members of various shapes. Naturally, a double image will occur in a HUD designed so that the angle of incidence of light is different from Brewster's angle.

[0007] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has as its object to provide a projection image display member that can reduce double images even at projection angles other than Brewster's angle. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following configuration: The present invention is a projection image display member comprising an absorptive dimming layer and a P-polarized reflective layer, wherein the projection image display member has an average reflectance of 5% to 100% for wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident from the P-polarized reflective layer side at an angle of 60° relative to the normal to the surface of the P-polarized reflective layer side, an average transmittance of 50% to 100% for visible light incident perpendicularly to the surface of the projection image display member, and wherein, where Tv (%) and Rv (%) are the average transmittance for wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly to the surface from the P-polarized reflective layer side and the average reflectance for wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident from the P-polarized reflective layer side at an angle of 12° relative to the normal to the surface, respectively, the relationship (Tv + Rv) ≦ 95 is satisfied.

[0009] The projection image display member of the present invention can be configured as follows, and the projection image display member of the present invention can also be used to form a transparent display system, a head-up display system, and a vehicle as follows. (1) A projection image display component comprising a P-polarized reflective layer and an absorptive photochromic layer, wherein the average reflectance of P-polarized light at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when incident from the P-polarized reflective layer side at an angle of 60° relative to the normal to the surface of the P-polarized reflective layer is between 5% and 100%, and the average transmittance of visible light incident perpendicularly to the surface of the projection image display component is between 50% and 100%, and wherein the average transmittance of P-polarized light at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when incident from the P-polarized reflective layer side at a angle of 60° relative to the normal to the surface of the P-polarized reflective layer and the average reflectance of P-polarized light at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when incident from the P-polarized reflective layer side at an angle of 12° relative to the normal to the surface satisfy the relationship (Tv + Rv) ≦ 95, where Tv (%) and Rv (%) are the average transmittance of P-polarized light at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when incident from the P-polarized reflective layer side at a angle of 12° relative to the normal to the surface. (2) The projection image display member according to (1), wherein the absorptive light-controlling layer contains a light-absorbing agent. (3) The projection image display member according to (2), wherein the light absorbing agent is an infrared absorbing agent. (4) The perspective projection image display member according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the absorptive light-controlling layer contains an adhesive material. (5) La* b * Saturation of transmitted light in color space C * The projection image display member according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the value is 10.0 or less. (6) The projection image display member according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the P-polarized light reflective layer has a structure in which 51 or more layers of two or more different types of thermoplastic resin are regularly laminated. (7) A projection image display member according to any one of (1) to (6), which comprises a transparent member 1, an intermediate film 1, the P-polarized light reflective layer, an intermediate film 2, and a transparent member 2 arranged in this order, and at least one of the transparent member 1 and the intermediate film 1 is an absorptive dimming layer. (8) A projection image display member according to any one of (1) to (6), which comprises a transparent member 1, an intermediate film 1, the absorptive dimming layer, the P-polarized light reflective layer, an intermediate film 2, and a transparent member 2 arranged in this order. (9) The projection image display member according to any one of (1) to (6), which comprises a substrate mainly composed of glass or resin, the absorptive dimming layer, and the P-polarized light reflective layer arranged in this order. (10) The projection image display member according to (9), wherein an adhesive layer is disposed between the substrate and the absorptive light-controlling layer. (11) A projection image display member according to any one of (1) to (6), comprising an intermediate film 1, the P-polarized light reflective layer, and an intermediate film 2 arranged in this order, and the intermediate film 1 being an absorptive dimming layer. (12) The projection image display member according to any one of (1) to (6), which comprises an intermediate film 1, the absorptive dimming layer, the P-polarized light reflective layer, and an intermediate film 2 arranged in this order. (13) The projection image display member according to any one of (1) to (6), which comprises an intermediate film 1, the absorptive dimming layer, and the P-polarized light reflective layer arranged in this order. (14) A transparent display system having a projection image display member according to any one of (1) to (13) as at least a part of the display. (15) A head-up display system comprising the projection image display member according to any one of (1) to (13). (16) A transportation device equipped with the head-up display system described in (15). [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a projection image display member that can reduce double images even at projection angles other than Brewster's angle. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] 1 is a graph showing the incidence angle dependence of the reflectance of a conventional transparent resin film for P-polarized light and S-polarized light at a wavelength of 550 nm. [Figure 2] 1 is a graph showing the incidence angle dependence of the reflectance of P-polarized light and S-polarized light at a wavelength of 550 nm for a multilayer laminate film that can be suitably used as a P-polarized light reflective layer in a projection image display member of the present invention. [Figure 3] 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams illustrating a mechanism by which a double image occurs. [Figure 4] 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams illustrating the mechanism by which the absorptive photochromic layer suppresses double images. [Figure 5] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section in the thickness direction of a projection image display member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section in the thickness direction of a projection image display member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section in the thickness direction of a projection image display member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section in the thickness direction of a projection image display member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section in the thickness direction of a projection image display member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section in the thickness direction of a projection image display member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section in the thickness direction of a projection image display member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section in the thickness direction of a projection image display member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] This is a schematic diagram of the configuration used to evaluate the performance of the projection image display member of the present invention, observed from a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the projection image display member (the projection image display member is exemplified as having a substrate, an absorptive dimming layer, and a P-polarized light reflective layer laminated in this order). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] The projection image display member of the present invention has a P-polarized reflective layer and an absorptive dimming layer, and is characterized in that when P-polarized light is incident from the P-polarized reflective layer side so as to form an angle of 60° with respect to the normal direction of the surface on the P-polarized reflective layer side, the average reflectance is 5% or more and 100% or less for wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm, and the average transmittance of visible light incident perpendicular to the surface of the projection image display member is 50% or more and 100% or less, and when the average transmittance of wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident perpendicular to the surface from the P-polarized reflective layer side and the average reflectance of wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident from the P-polarized reflective layer side so as to form an angle of 12° with the normal to the surface, Tv (%) and Rv (%) respectively, satisfy the relationship (Tv + Rv) ≦ 95. Here, when the projection image display member "has a P-polarized reflective layer and an absorptive dimming layer," this means that there is a portion of the projection image display member where the P-polarized reflective layer and the absorptive dimming layer are stacked directly or via another layer.

[0013] The term "projection image display component" as used herein refers to a component that includes a P-polarized reflective layer that reflects light containing P-polarized light and an absorptive dimming layer that absorbs visible light. The P-polarized reflective layer reflects a projected image of light containing P-polarized light irradiated from a light source, allowing the user to view the projected image through the reflected light. Furthermore, the present invention also includes intermediate components that have a P-polarized reflective layer and an absorptive dimming layer and that are ultimately assembled into the projection image display component after undergoing various processing steps, such as laminating other components to improve supportability and protect the surface, and heat treatment to heat the components, during the manufacturing process of the projection image display component. Note that secondary materials, such as protective films, that are used during the manufacturing process but are not included in the final projection image display component are not included in the definition of the projection image display component of the present invention. The component excluding these secondary materials is considered to be the projection image display component of the present invention.

[0014] Modes for carrying out the present invention are described below, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments including the following examples, and various modifications are naturally possible as long as the object of the invention can be achieved and do not deviate from the gist of the invention. Furthermore, with regard to an embodiment in which a multilayer laminate film in which two or more different types of thermoplastic resin layers are regularly laminated is used as a P-polarized reflective layer, for the purpose of simplifying the explanation, some of the explanations will be given using an example in which a multilayer laminate film in which two different types of thermoplastic resin layers are alternately laminated as the P-polarized reflective layer, but the same should be understood when a multilayer laminate film in which three or more types of thermoplastic resin layers are regularly laminated is used as the P-polarized reflective layer.

[0015] The projection image display member of the present invention has a P-polarized light reflective layer. Here, P-polarized light refers to electromagnetic waves whose electric field components are parallel to the plane of incidence (if the plane of incidence is curved, the tangent plane at the point of incidence is considered to be the plane of incidence). Having a P-polarized light reflective layer, the projection image display member can reflect P-polarized light and display a projected image. The P-polarized light reflective layer refers to a layer that has a higher reflectance for P-polarized light than for S-polarized light when P-polarized light with a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm and S-polarized light with a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm are incident at an incident angle of 60°.

[0016] Projection image display components using glass or transparent resin substrates according to conventional technologies primarily reflect the S-polarized component of light and transmit the P-polarized component. Therefore, display systems using such projection image display components use light sources that emit light primarily composed of the S-polarized component. However, because glass and transparent resin substrates have a high reflectivity for S-polarized light, in display systems according to the above conventional technologies, light is reflected not only at the light incident surface but also at the interface between the opposite surface and air, resulting in more pronounced double images in the projected image. Furthermore, because polarized sunglasses absorb S-polarized light, the display systems according to the above conventional technologies also suffer from the problem of significantly reduced visibility of the projected image when wearing polarized sunglasses.

[0017] On the other hand, because the reflectivity of glass for P-polarized light is lower than that for S-polarized light, the problem of double images in projected images can be reduced by providing a P-polarized reflective layer that can reflect P-polarized light and display an image, as in the projection image display member of the present invention. Furthermore, because polarized sunglasses transmit P-polarized light, using such a projection image display member can maintain good visibility of the projected image even when wearing polarized sunglasses.

[0018] The P-polarized light reflective layer may be, for example, a multilayer laminate film in which 51 or more layers of different thermoplastic resins described below are alternately stacked, a metal layer, a hologram layer, etc. A projection image display member having a P-polarized light reflective layer can be obtained by including at least one of the above P-polarized light reflective layers.

[0019] In order to enhance the display performance of P-polarized light from angles oblique to the normal of the projection image display member of the present invention, the average reflectance of P-polarized light at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident from the P-polarized light reflective layer side so as to form an angle of 60° with respect to the normal to the surface on the P-polarized light reflective layer side is 5% or more and 100% or less. Here, "at an angle of 60° with respect to the normal to the surface" means that the incident angle is 60°. "P-polarized light reflective layer side" refers to the surface on the side toward which the P-polarized light reflective layer is located, as viewed from the absorptive dimming layer. "Average reflectance at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident" refers to the average reflectance of the P-polarized light component at wavelengths of 400 to 700 nm when incident at an angle of 60° on the part where the P-polarized light reflective layer is present, measured in 1 nm increments (the measurement method is described in detail below).

[0020] The projection image display member may be flat or curved. If the surface facing the P-polarized light reflective layer is flat, its normal is uniquely determined; however, if the surface is curved, the normal is not. Therefore, if the surface facing the P-polarized light reflective layer is curved, the "normal to the surface facing the P-polarized light reflective layer" is defined as the "normal to the tangent plane at the center of gravity of the surface facing the P-polarized light reflective layer," and the average reflectance is measured by irradiating the center of gravity with P-polarized light from the P-polarized light reflective layer side. Furthermore, if the P-polarized light reflective layer covers the entire projection image display member, the center of gravity is determined over the entire surface of the projection image display member. If the P-polarized light reflective layer is present only in a portion of the projection image display member, the center of gravity is determined at the portion where the P-polarized light reflective layer is present. Hereinafter, the reference surface for the normal used to determine the angle of incidence when measuring reflectance and transmittance, and the measurement position, are interpreted in the same way unless otherwise specified.

[0021] It is generally known that the reflection characteristics (incident angle dependence of reflectance) of P-polarized and S-polarized components of natural light incident on a flat medium are usually different. This point will be explained with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 shows an example graph of the angle dependence of reflectance for a conventional transparent resin film (a typical transparent member), and Figure 2 shows an example graph of the angle dependence of reflectance for a multilayer laminate film containing a P-polarized reflective layer of the projection image display member of the present invention, when P-polarized and S-polarized light of the same intensity with a wavelength of 550 nm is incident from air. Here, a wavelength of 550 nm is shown as an example, but for other visible light wavelengths, each film exhibits roughly the same relationship as shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. Note that in Figures 1 and 2, the symbols 1 and 2 represent the reflectance of P-polarized light and the reflectance of S-polarized light, respectively. As shown in Figure 1, for a typical transparent member, the reflectance of P-polarized light decreases with increasing incident angle, reaches 0%, and then increases again, according to the Fresnel equation. On the other hand, the reflectance of S-polarized light increases with increasing incident angle.

[0022] As described above, in the case of typical transparent materials such as glass and transparent resin substrates used in projection image display materials according to conventional technology, the reflectance of P-polarized light decreases as the incident angle with respect to the normal to the material gradually increases from approximately 20°, and the reflectance reaches 0% at Brewster angle. Therefore, it is difficult to project images using such glass and transparent resin substrates using P-polarized light incident at an incident angle at or near Brewster angle.

[0023] On the other hand, by setting the average reflectance of P-polarized light incident from the P-polarized light reflective layer side to 5% or more and 100% or less at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm, as in the case of the projection image display member of the present invention, the projection image display member can display images even when P-polarized light is irradiated at an incident angle of 60°, close to the Brewster angle at which the reflectance of P-polarized light is 0% on glass or transparent resin substrates. As shown in Figure 2, a multilayer laminate film suitable for use as the P-polarized light reflective layer of the projection image display member of the present invention has low reflectance (high transmittance) for both P-polarized light and S-polarized light at an incident angle of 0°, and the reflectance of both P-polarized light and S-polarized light increases as the incident angle increases. Using a multilayer laminate film with such optical properties as the P-polarized light reflective layer of the projection image display member of the present invention provides good visibility of the background observed through the projection image display member and good display performance of the projected image when a P-polarized light image is projected onto the surface of the projection image display member.

[0024] From the above viewpoints, in the projection image display member of the present invention, the average reflectance is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 15% or more. If the average reflectance is 15% or more, the user can more easily view the projected image derived from P-polarized light from a direction oblique to the normal to the projection image display member. From the viewpoint of the displayability of the projected image, the higher the average reflectance, the better, but from the viewpoint of feasibility, the upper limit is preferably 70%.

[0025] To achieve an average reflectance of 5% or more and 100% or less, or within the above-mentioned preferred range, it is effective to use, for example, a multilayer laminate film, metal layer, hologram layer, or the like, in which 51 or more layers of different thermoplastic resins, as described below, are alternately stacked, as the P-polarized reflective layer. When a multilayer laminate film is used as the P-polarized reflective layer, the average reflectance can be adjusted by adjusting the in-plane refractive index and perpendicular-to-plane refractive index between the alternately stacked layers (details will be described later). Increasing the number of layers is also effective in increasing the average reflectance.

[0026] To ensure visibility of the background, the projection image display member of the present invention has an average transmittance of 50% to 100% for visible light incident perpendicularly to the surface of the projection image display member. Visible light here refers to light in the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm. The average transmittance can be measured by measuring the transmittance of light with wavelengths of 400 to 700 nm at an incident angle of 0° in 1-nm increments and calculating the average value (the detailed measurement method will be described later). The projection image display member surface refers to any surface of an arbitrarily selected projection image display member. However, if the P-polarized light reflective layer is present only in a portion of the projection image display member, it refers to any surface arbitrarily selected within the portion where the layer is present (unless otherwise specified, this point can be interpreted similarly in the measurement of transmittance below). Curved projection image display members should be handled as described above.

[0027] By having an average transmittance of 50% or more and 100% or less for visible light with wavelengths of 400 to 700 nm, the projection image display member has transparency similar to that of glass or a transparent resin substrate. Therefore, the visibility of the background through the projection image display member is improved. Furthermore, by having the average transmittance within the above range, it is possible to reduce the reflection of the surrounding scenery on the projection image display member. On the other hand, if the average transmittance is less than 50%, the visibility of the background through the projection image display member deteriorates. From the above viewpoint, the average transmittance is preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 80% or more. If the average transmittance is 80% or more, the user can view the background without being aware of the presence of the projection image display member. From the above viewpoint, the higher the average transmittance, the better, with the theoretical upper limit being 100%.

[0028] To achieve an average transmittance of 50% or more and 100% or less, or within the above-mentioned preferred range, it is effective to use, as the P-polarized light reflective layer, a multilayer laminate film in which 51 or more different thermoplastic resin layers described below are alternately stacked, a metal layer, a hologram layer, or the like, as described above, and it is more preferable to use the above-mentioned multilayer laminate film. When a multilayer laminate film is used as the P-polarized light reflective layer, the average transmittance can be adjusted by adjusting the in-plane refractive index and perpendicular-to-plane refractive index between the alternately stacked layers (details will be described later).

[0029] The mechanism by which double images occur and the mechanism by which they are suppressed will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the mechanism by which double images occur. The reference numerals 3 to 10 in FIG. 3 respectively represent the projection image display member (reference numeral 3), substrate (reference numeral 4), reflective layer (reference numeral 5), light source (reference numeral 6), irradiated light ray (reference numeral 7), main image light ray (reference numeral 8), ghost image light ray (reference numeral 9), and viewer (reference numeral 10). As shown in FIG. 3, a double image occurs when irradiated light ray 7 emitted from a light source 6 onto the reflective layer 4 of a projection image display member 3, which includes a substrate 4 and a reflective layer 5, is reflected by the reflective layer 4 to produce main image light ray 6, and when irradiated light ray 7 is reflected by the surface (rear surface) of the substrate 4 opposite to the main image light ray 6, the ghost image light ray 9 is produced. Under conditions where reflections such as those shown in FIG. 3 occur, a viewer 10 perceives an image (main image) resulting from the main image light ray 8 and an image (ghost image) resulting from the ghost image light ray 9, resulting in a double image of the projected image. Such double images are caused by deviations in the optical paths of the light rays due to differences in the spatial positions of the front and back surfaces of the projection image display member 3, and the stronger the intensity of the light rays 9 of the ghost image reflected from the back surface, the more likely the double images are to be perceived. One effective means of suppressing double images is to attenuate the light rays 9 of the ghost image reflected from the back surface.

[0030] The projection image display member of the present invention has an absorptive dimming layer from the viewpoint of suppressing double images as described above. The absorptive dimming layer referred to here has the function of absorbing light with wavelengths of 400 to 700 nm, and more specifically refers to a layer having an average absorptance of 5% or more for light with wavelengths of 400 to 700 nm incident from the normal direction. Since it may be difficult to extract a specific layer from the projection image display member, a projection image display member can be considered to have an absorptive dimming layer if it has an average absorptance of 5% or more when irradiated with light with wavelengths of 400 to 700 nm from the normal direction.

[0031] By using a projection image display component with such an absorptive dimming layer, when light is irradiated onto the projection image display component from the P-polarized reflective layer side as viewed from the absorptive dimming layer, the light passing through the P-polarized reflective layer and the light reflected by the surface opposite the light incident surface are absorbed by the absorptive dimming layer, thereby attenuating the light rays of the ghost image, thereby suppressing double images. A schematic diagram illustrating the mechanism for suppressing double images is shown in Figure 4 (in Figure 4, reference numeral 11 denotes the absorptive dimming layer and reference numeral 5 denotes the P-polarized reflective layer; the rest is the same as in Figure 3). Because the projection image display component 3 in Figure 4 has the absorptive dimming layer 11, the light passing through the P-polarized reflective layer 5 is absorbed by the absorptive dimming layer 11, thereby weakening the light rays of the ghost image 9 and reducing double images.

[0032] Furthermore, as described above, the projection image display component of the present invention, which includes a P-polarized reflective layer, can project P-polarized light at an incident angle of 60°, which is close to the Brewster angle of transparent materials such as glass, and can also suppress double images caused by reflection from the transparent material. However, reflection of P-polarized light occurs at incident angles other than 60°, and double images can occur, especially at high incident angles above 60°, due to the significantly increased reflectance of P-polarized light from glass. In recent years, only a few panoramic head-up displays, which are used to improve vehicle drivability, are designed to project P-polarized light at an incident angle of 60°. However, panoramic head-up displays that are required to project images over a wide range are often designed to project P-polarized light at high incident angles of 60° or greater. In such high incident angle designs, there is a concern that double images may occur because the incident angle of light deviates from the Brewster angle. However, the absorptive photochromic layer of the present invention can absorb visible light that causes double images at all incident angles greater than 0° and less than 90°. That is, by providing such an absorptive light control layer, the projection image display member of the present invention can suppress double images in projected images in head-up display systems designed for various angles of incidence.

[0033] Furthermore, if the polarization axis of the P-polarized light of the projected light does not match the orientation axis of the P-polarized light reflective layer, some of the P-polarized light will be converted into S-polarized light, which may result in a double image caused by this S-polarized light. Even in this case, the absorptive dimming layer of the present invention can attenuate the S-polarized light converted from the P-polarized light, thereby suppressing the double image.

[0034] Such an absorptive photochromic layer can be obtained by using a material that absorbs visible light or by adding a component that absorbs visible light to a transparent material. A specific example of the former is colored glass such as green glass, and examples of components that can be added to the latter include carbon black, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) (described later), and cesium tungsten oxide (CWO) (described later). There are no particular restrictions on which layer the absorptive photochromic layer should be. For example, the absorptive photochromic layer can be an adhesive layer for adhering each layer, or an intermediate film in a configuration in which a P-polarized light reflective layer is sandwiched between two transparent members (described later).

[0035] From the viewpoint of suppressing double images, the projection image display member of the present invention satisfies (Tv + Rv) ≦ 95, where Tv (%) and Rv (%) are the average transmittance at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly to the surface from the P-polarized light reflective layer side, and the average reflectance at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident from the P-polarized light reflective layer side at a 12° angle with the surface normal. Tv (%) can be measured by incident P-polarized light from any surface where the P-polarized light reflective layer is present at an incident angle of 0°, measuring the transmittance in 1 nm increments, and calculating the average transmittance at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm. Rv (%) can be measured by incident P-polarized light from the P-polarized light reflective layer side at a 12° angle with the surface normal, measuring the reflectance in 1 nm increments, and calculating the average reflectance at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm. These measurement methods are described in detail below.

[0036] For a projection image display member to satisfy Tv + Rv ≦ 95 means that the absorptive dimming layer of the projection image display member absorbs and attenuates 5% or more of P-polarized light in the visible light band of 400 to 700 nm. This attenuates the visible light reaching the rear surface of the projection image display member, thereby suppressing double images caused by reflection on the rear surface of the projection image display member. From the above perspective, it is preferable to satisfy 70 ≦ (Tv + Rv) < 90. By satisfying 70 ≦ (Tv + Rv), the average transmittance of visible light is not excessively impaired, and visibility of the scenery can be maintained. Furthermore, by satisfying (Tv + Rv) < 90, visible light reflected from the rear surface of the projection image display member is further attenuated, thereby further suppressing double images.

[0037] The effect of suppressing such double images is greater when the incident angle is changed from 0° than when P-polarized light is incident from the P-polarized light reflective layer side at an incident angle of 0°. This is because the optical path that the light rays of the ghost image take through the absorptive photochromic layer is longer when the incident angle is greater than 0° and less than 90° compared to when the incident angle is 0°.

[0038] To achieve a projection image display member that suppresses double images, the absorptive dimming layer preferably contains a light absorber. The light absorber here refers to a material that has the property of absorbing at least a portion of visible light with a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm and has an average absorptance of 5% or more. Light absorbers can be used alone or in combination, and may also absorb infrared or ultraviolet light in addition to visible light. This light absorber absorbs and attenuates light reflected from the back surface of the projection image display member, thereby suppressing double images in the projected image. Adding such a light absorber at a high concentration can further attenuate the amount of light contributing to double images. On the other hand, excessive light absorber may reduce the visible light transmittance of the projection image display member, thereby impairing the visibility of the scenery viewed through the projection image display member. Therefore, it is effective to add the light absorber at a concentration that does not impair the average transmittance of visible light perpendicularly incident on the projection image display member.

[0039] When the absorptive dimming layer constituting the projection image display member of the present invention contains a light-absorbing material, the light-absorbing material is preferably an infrared-absorbing material. The term "infrared-absorbing material" as used herein refers to a material that absorbs at least a portion of light in the near-infrared region (wavelengths of 800 to 2500 nm) and has a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 800 to 2500 nm. In the present invention, when the absorptive dimming layer contains multiple light-absorbing materials, if one of the materials is an infrared-absorbing material, the light-absorbing material is considered to be an infrared-absorbing material. For example, when the projection image display member of the present invention is attached to a window such as an architectural window or a vehicle windshield, in addition to the image displaying ability of the projection image display member, heat-shielding properties to improve indoor comfort are often required. By incorporating a material that has the ability to absorb not only visible light but also heat rays such as infrared rays into the absorptive dimming layer of the projection image display member of the present invention, a projection image display member that meets these requirements can be obtained.

[0040] Examples of infrared absorbers that can be used in the absorptive dimming layer include tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and cesium tungsten oxide (CWO). ITO uniformly absorbs light in the visible wavelength range, thereby minimizing coloring of the absorptive dimming layer and the projection image display component. Therefore, using ITO in the absorptive dimming layer can produce a projection image display component with excellent visibility of the background and projected image. Furthermore, CWO has a slightly bluish color and absorbs light in a wider infrared range. Therefore, using CWO in the absorptive dimming layer can produce a projection image display component with excellent heat-shielding performance. The infrared absorbers can be used alone or in combination. In this manner, the projection image display component can have a heat-shielding effect in addition to the effect of suppressing double images. Because such a projection image display component absorbs light in the near-infrared range, when applied to, for example, a vehicle head-up display, it can reduce the penetration of near-infrared rays (heat rays) into the vehicle interior. As a result, it is possible to suppress temperature increases inside the vehicle, the temperature increases of the light source, and the resulting deterioration of the light source.

[0041] On the other hand, if the infrared absorber is added in excess, the visible light transmittance of the projection image display member may decrease, resulting in poor visibility of the scenery viewed through the projection image display member. Therefore, it is preferable to add the infrared absorber at a concentration that does not impair the average transmittance of visible light perpendicularly incident on the projection image display member. Specifically, it is preferable to adjust the concentration of the infrared absorber so that the average transmittance of visible light perpendicularly incident on the projection image display member does not fall below 70%. Dyes, pigments, etc. can also be selected as colorants. In addition, providing a metal sputtered layer on the surface of the P-polarized light reflective layer or the absorptive light control layer to reflect infrared light and improve heat-shielding properties may also be suitable as one embodiment of the projection image display member of the present invention.

[0042] In the projection image display member of the present invention, the absorptive dimming layer preferably contains an adhesive material. Here, the adhesive material refers to a component that can enhance adhesion to glass or resin by adding it. By including an adhesive material in the absorptive dimming layer, the absorptive dimming layer can also function as an adhesive layer. Therefore, the projection image display member can be bonded to transparent materials such as glass or resin, automobile windshields, and building windows via the absorptive dimming layer. Furthermore, the adhesiveness of the absorptive dimming layer eliminates the need for additional adhesive materials when bonding to a mating member, simplifying the bonding process and minimizing the increase in the overall thickness and weight of the bonded member. By minimizing the increase in the overall thickness and weight of the member, for example, when the member is applied to an automobile head-up display system, it is expected to reduce the weight of the automobile, thereby improving fuel efficiency and reducing exhaust gas emissions.

[0043] Adhesive materials that can be used in the absorptive photochromic layer include, for example, vinyl acetate resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl ether, nitrile rubbers, styrene-butadiene rubbers, natural rubbers, chloroprene rubbers, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, acrylic resins, cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylic esters, and polyisobutylene. These adhesives can be used alone or in combination. Adhesion modifiers, plasticizers, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, UV absorbers, antistatic agents, lubricants, colorants, crosslinkers, and other additives may be added as needed. These adhesives can be in liquid, gel, block, powder, or film form before processing. Methods for solidifying an absorptive photochromic layer containing an adhesive material include solvent evaporation, moisture curing, heat curing, curing agent mixing, anaerobic curing, UV curing, thermal melting and cooling, and pressure-sensitive curing. Examples of lamination methods include lamination molding, injection molding, vacuum molding, pressure molding, combined vacuum and pressure molding, and autoclave molding.

[0044] The projection image display member of the present invention is * b * Saturation of transmitted light in color space C * It is preferable that La is 10.0 or less. * b * Saturation of transmitted light in color space C * ", simply saturation C * Here, the saturation C * is the saturation C measured based on JIS Z 8701 (1999) * In addition, saturation C * The method for measuring saturation C will be described later. * By making the chroma C of the projection image display member 10.0 or less, the projection image display member will have less coloring, and when used in a head-up display or the like, will have excellent color recognition of external information such as scenery, and will also have excellent color display properties that will accurately represent the image to be displayed. *From the above viewpoint, the saturation C of the projection image display member is preferably 8.0 or less, and more preferably 6.5 or less. * The smaller the better, but the theoretical lower limit is 0.

[0045] Saturation C * To obtain a projection image display member with a chroma of 10.0 or less, it is preferable to use an absorptive dimming layer with a chroma of 10.0 or less. The chroma of the absorptive dimming layer can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the composition of the layer. Specific examples include the use of an infrared absorber, such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) or cesium tungsten oxide (CWO), which has absorption in the visible light region but has relatively low absorption performance and appears slightly bluish or grayish, as the light absorber contained in the absorptive dimming layer, and adjusting the amount of such an infrared absorber is effective.

[0046] In the projection image display member of the present invention, the P-polarized light reflective layer is preferably a multilayer laminate film having a structure in which two or more different thermoplastic resin layers are regularly stacked to form 51 or more layers. The term "two or more different thermoplastic resin layers" refers to the presence of multiple different thermoplastic resin layers when a cross section parallel to the thickness direction of the projection image display member surface is photographed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a contrast difference is observed between the resin layers. The "thickness direction" refers to the direction perpendicular to the surface of the projection image display member (or to the tangent plane if the surface of the projection image display member is curved). The number of layers and the thickness of each layer can be measured by analyzing images photographed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), as described in detail below. The term "structure in which two or more different thermoplastic resin layers are regularly stacked" refers to the presence of two or more different thermoplastic resin layers stacked in the thickness direction so that a regular arrangement is repeatedly present.

[0047] A specific example of such an embodiment is a configuration in which two different thermoplastic resin layers (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as Layer A and Layer B, or A and B) are laminated in the form of A(BA)n and B(AB)n (n is a natural number representing the number of repeating units, the same applies hereinafter). Furthermore, in a configuration in which Layer C (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as C) of a thermoplastic resin different from Layer A and Layer B is present in addition to Layer A and Layer B, the arrangement is not particularly limited, but examples include three types of thermoplastic resin layers laminated in the thickness direction with a certain regularity, such as C(BA)nC, C(ABC)n, and C(ACBC)n. By laminating multiple different thermoplastic resin layers in such a regular arrangement, it is possible to exhibit interference reflection that reflects light in a desired wavelength band due to the relationship between the difference in refractive index of each layer and the layer thickness.

[0048] Furthermore, by having the number of layers in the stacked structure of the P-polarized reflective layer be 51 or more, a projection image display member exhibiting high reflectance in the desired wavelength band can be obtained. The aforementioned interference reflection can achieve higher reflectance for light in a wider wavelength band as the number of layers increases. Therefore, by increasing the number of layers in the stacked structure of the P-polarized reflective layer, a projection image display member that reflects light in the desired wavelength band and has good image display properties can be obtained. From the above perspective, the number of layers in the stacked structure of the P-polarized reflective layer is preferably 401 or more, and more preferably 801 or more. Although there is no upper limit to the number of layers, increasing the number of layers increases manufacturing costs due to the larger manufacturing equipment and deteriorates handling due to the thicker P-polarized reflective layer. Therefore, a practical range is approximately 10,001 layers, and preferably approximately 2,001 layers.

[0049] The transmittance of visible light incident perpendicularly to the P-polarized reflective layer of a projection image display component can be increased by using a multilayer laminate film with a small in-plane refractive index difference between two thermoplastic resin layers as the P-polarized reflective layer. For example, if the number of layers in the multilayer laminate film is within the aforementioned range, the transmittance can be easily increased to 50% or more if the refractive index difference between adjacent layers in the direction parallel to the film surface is 0.05 or less, and 70% or more if the refractive index difference is 0.04 or less. Note that the refractive index difference in the direction parallel to the film surface refers to the absolute value of the in-plane refractive index difference between adjacent thermoplastic resin layers (when two layers are Layers A and B, this refers to the difference in the in-plane refractive index between Layers A and B; when three layers are Layers A, B, and C, this refers to the difference in the in-plane refractive index between Layers A and B, the difference in the in-plane refractive index between Layers B and C, and the difference in the in-plane refractive index between Layers C and A). When the three types of layers are layer A, layer B, and layer C, it is desirable that the in-plane refractive index difference between layer A and layer B, layer B and layer C, and layer C and layer A is all within the above range.

[0050] When used as a P-polarizing reflector in a projection image display component, a multilayer laminate film can achieve an average reflectance of 5% to 100% for wavelengths of 400 to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident from the P-polarizing reflecting layer side at a 60° angle relative to the normal to the surface of the P-polarizing reflecting layer side. To achieve this, a method can be used in which the difference in refractive index perpendicular to the plane between two thermoplastic resin layers and the number of layers are adjusted. The greater the difference in refractive index perpendicular to the film plane (in-plane refractive index) and the greater the number of layers, the higher the average reflectance can be. For example, in a film with 801 layers, a difference in refractive index perpendicular to the plane of 0.06 or more can easily achieve a reflectance of 5% or more, and a difference in refractive index perpendicular to the plane of 0.12 or more can easily achieve a reflectance of 40% or more. Furthermore, even if the difference in refractive index perpendicular to the plane does not reach the above-mentioned level, the average reflectance can be increased by further increasing the number of layers.

[0051] Methods for adjusting the reflection wavelength of the multilayer laminate film to a range including a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm include adjusting the difference in refractive index perpendicular to the plane of the two thermoplastic resin layers, the number of layers stacked, the layer thickness distribution, and film formation conditions (e.g., stretching ratio, stretching speed, stretching temperature, heat treatment temperature, and heat treatment time).

[0052] The multilayer laminate film used as the P-polarizing reflector in the projection image display member of the present invention has a configuration in which two different thermoplastic resin layers (Layer A and Layer B) are alternately laminated, and when Layer A is the outermost layer on both sides of the laminated component, Layer A preferably contains a crystalline thermoplastic resin. In this case, Layer B preferably contains an amorphous thermoplastic resin as its main component, or a crystalline thermoplastic resin having a melting point 20°C or lower than that of the thermoplastic resin that is the main component of Layer A. More preferably, Layer A contains a crystalline thermoplastic resin as its main component, and Layer B contains an amorphous thermoplastic resin as its main component, or Layer B contains a crystalline thermoplastic resin having a melting point 20°C or lower than that of the thermoplastic resin that is the main component of Layer A.

[0053] Here, the term "main component" refers to a component that accounts for more than 50% to 100% by mass, preferably 60% to 100% by mass, and more preferably 70% to 100% by mass, when the total components constituting the layer are taken as 100% by mass. In the present invention, the term "main component" can be interpreted in the same way regardless of the object (however, for light, the unit is % rather than % by mass). Furthermore, a high difference in refractive index perpendicular to the plane between Layer A and Layer B is preferred, as this increases reflectivity and reduces the number of layers required. The crystalline thermoplastic resin in Layer A and the amorphous thermoplastic resin in Layer B are both preferably polyester resins. Here, a crystalline thermoplastic resin is a thermoplastic resin that is heated in accordance with JIS K7122 (2012) at a heating rate of 20 ° C. / min from 25 ° C. to 300 ° C. at a heating rate of 20 ° C. / min (1st RUN), held in that state for 5 minutes, then rapidly cooled to a temperature of 25 ° C. or less, and then heated again from room temperature to a temperature of 300 ° C. at a heating rate of 20 ° C. / min. In the differential scanning calorimetry chart obtained in the 2nd RUN, the heat of crystalline fusion ΔHm calculated from the peak area of ​​the melting peak is a thermoplastic resin that shows 2 J / g or more. On the other hand, an amorphous thermoplastic resin is a thermoplastic resin that shows a heat of crystalline fusion ΔHm of less than 2 J / g, measured in the same manner.

[0054] When the multilayer laminate film used as the P-polarized light reflective layer of the projection image display member of the present invention has a configuration in which Layer A and Layer B are alternately laminated, and Layer A is the outermost layer on both sides of the laminate configuration, it is preferable that Layer A be primarily composed of a crystalline polyester (preferably polyethylene terephthalate), and Layer B be primarily composed of a polyester containing a structure derived from naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. Polyesters containing a structure derived from naphthalenedicarboxylic acid have a high refractive index, and all or part of them can be amorphous polyester. Such a combination makes it easy to increase the difference in in-plane refractive index and the difference in perpendicular refractive index between Layer A and Layer B.

[0055] The layer thickness distribution of the multilayer laminate film used as the P-polarized light reflector of the projection image display member of the present invention is preferably a constant layer thickness distribution from one side of the multilayer laminate film to the opposite side, a layer thickness distribution that increases or decreases from one side of the multilayer laminate film to the opposite side, a layer thickness distribution in which the layer thickness increases and then decreases from one side of the multilayer laminate film to the center of the film, a layer thickness distribution in which the layer thickness decreases and then increases from one side of the multilayer laminate film to the center of the film, or a combination of these distributions. The layer thickness distribution preferably changes continuously, such as linearly, geometrically, or by difference progression, or in a manner in which approximately 10 to 50 layers have approximately the same layer thickness and the layer thickness changes stepwise.

[0056] The multilayer laminate film used as the P-polarized light reflector of the projection image display member of the present invention can preferably have protective layers (thick layers) on both surface layers, each having a thickness of 1% or more of the thickness of the multilayer laminate film itself. The thickness of each protective layer is preferably 4% or more of the total thickness of the multilayer laminate film. Increasing the thickness of the protective layer reduces flow marks during film formation, improves the accuracy of the actual layer thickness relative to the design, reduces deformation of thin layers in the multilayer laminate film during lamination with other films or molded articles and after the lamination process, and improves pressure resistance. The upper limit of the thickness of the protective layer is 20%, from the viewpoint of ensuring the laminate components necessary for the generation of interference reflection while suppressing an increase in the thickness of the multilayer laminate film. The thickness of the multilayer laminate film constituting the projection image display member of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 μm to 300 μm. A thickness of 20 μm or more enhances the stiffness of the multilayer laminate film and ensures good handleability. Furthermore, when the thickness is 300 μm or less, the stiffness of the multilayer laminate film does not become excessively strong, and formability is improved. This thick film layer may be formed by adjusting the thickness of Layer A located on the outermost surface.

[0057] In addition, functional layers such as a primer layer, hard coat layer, abrasion-resistant layer, scratch-resistant layer, anti-reflection layer, color correction layer, UV absorbing layer, light stabilizing layer, heat absorbing layer, printed layer, gas barrier layer, and adhesive layer may be formed on at least one surface of the multilayer laminate film used as the P-polarized light reflector of the projection image display member of the present invention. These layers may be single-layer or multi-layer, and one layer may have multiple functions. The multilayer laminate film may also contain additives such as UV absorbers, light stabilizers (HALS), heat absorbing agents, nucleating agents, and plasticizers. These components may also be used in combination as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention.

[0058] To improve the heat-ray blocking performance of the multilayer laminate film used as the P-polarized reflector of the projection image display member of the present invention, it is also preferable to provide a heat-ray absorbing layer or a reflective layer on the multilayer laminate film. The heat-ray absorbing layer can be provided by coating using a heat-ray absorbing agent or a material containing the agent, for example, in-line coating, in which coating is performed simultaneously with other processes in the production line, or offline coating, in which coating is performed in a process separate from the production line. Laminating with other heat-ray absorbing films can also be used. A heat-ray reflective layer can be provided by providing a metal layer on the multilayer laminate film. When providing these heat-ray absorbing or reflective layers, it is necessary to adjust the thickness and the concentration of additives such as light absorbers so as not to excessively reduce the visible light transmittance. However, providing these layers can impart higher heat-ray blocking performance to the multilayer laminate film.

[0059] Thermoplastic resins used in the multilayer laminate film used as the P-polarized light reflective layer of the projection image display member of the present invention include linear polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(4-methylpentene-1), and polyacetal, alicyclic polyolefins which are ring-opening metathesis polymers of norbornenes, addition polymers, and addition copolymers with other olefins, biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid and polybutyl succinate, polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 11, nylon 12, and nylon 66, aramid, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers. Examples of resins that can be used include polyesters such as styrene copolymers, polyacetals, polyglycolic acid, polystyrene, styrene copolymerized polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonates, polypropylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, as well as polyethersulfones, polyetheretherketones, modified polyphenylene ethers, polyphenylene sulfides, polyetherimides, polyarylates, tetrafluoroethylene resins, trifluoroethylene resins, trifluorochloroethylene resins, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymers, and polyvinylidene fluoride. Among these, polyesters are particularly preferred from the viewpoints of strength, heat resistance, transparency, and versatility. These resins may be copolymers or mixtures of two or more resins.

[0060] Polyester refers to a resin having a molecular structure in which dicarboxylic acid units and diol units are linked by ester bonds. The polyester is preferably a polyester whose main structural units are aromatic dicarboxylic acid units or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units and diol units. Here, the main structural unit refers to a dicarboxylic acid unit that accounts for more than 50 mol% but not more than 100 mol% of the total dicarboxylic acid units constituting the polyester, given that the total dicarboxylic acid units constituting the polyester are 100 mol%, and the same can be said for the main structural unit in a diol unit.

[0061] Examples of aromatic dicarboxylic acids constituting polyesters include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyletherdicarboxylic acid, and 4,4'-diphenylsulfonedicarboxylic acid. Examples of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids include adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, dimer acid, dodecanedioic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and their ester derivatives. Among these, terephthalic acid and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid are preferred, as they exhibit high refractive indexes. These acid components may be used alone or in combination, and may also be partially copolymerized with hydroxy acids such as hydroxybenzoic acid.

[0062] Examples of diol components include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyethoxyphenyl)propane, isosorbate, and spiroglycol. Among these, ethylene glycol is preferred. These diol components may be used alone or in combination.

[0063] The thermoplastic resin that is the main component of each layer of the multilayer laminate film of the present invention is preferably selected from, for example, polyethylene terephthalate and polymers thereof, polyethylene naphthalate and copolymers thereof, polybutylene terephthalate and copolymers thereof, polybutylene naphthalate and copolymers thereof, polyhexamethylene terephthalate and copolymers thereof, and polyhexamethylene naphthalate and copolymers thereof, among the above polyesters.

[0064] Furthermore, various additives such as antioxidants, heat stabilizers, weather stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, organic lubricants, pigments, dyes, organic or inorganic fine particles, fillers, antistatic agents, and nucleating agents can be added to the thermoplastic resin either alone or in combination to the extent that the properties of the resin are not deteriorated.

[0065] Furthermore, in the projection image display member of the present invention, the P-polarized reflective layer preferably includes a metal layer. Here, a metal layer refers to a layer in which 80% to 100% by mass of all components constituting the layer are metals or their compounds. Suitable materials for the metal layer include Ag, Au, Cu, Al, and alloys containing these. The preferred thickness of these metal layers is 5 nm to 30 nm. By setting the thickness within this range, it is possible to achieve an average reflectance of 5% to 99% for linearly polarized light containing only P-polarized components with wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm incident at an incident angle of 60°, and a transmittance of 50% or more for visible light incident perpendicularly. The P-polarized reflective layer including a metal layer is preferably formed on a transparent support or film, and methods for this include vapor deposition and sputtering. It is also preferable to include one or more dielectric layers on one or both sides of the metal layer to protect the metal layer from scratches, oxidation, nitridation, rust, etc., and to control the reflectance spectrum of linearly polarized light containing only P-polarized components at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm. Suitable materials for the dielectric layer include oxides of Zn, Ti, Nb, Zr, In, Si, Sb, and Sn, and nitrides of Zr and Si. The thickness of these dielectric layers is preferably in the range of 5 nm to 150 nm.

[0066] In addition, in the projection image display member of the present invention, the P-polarized light reflective layer preferably includes a hologram layer. Here, the hologram layer is a layer on which interference fringes are recorded. By recording interference fringes corresponding to blue wavelengths (e.g., 460 nm), green wavelengths (e.g., 550 nm), and red wavelengths (e.g., 650 nm), an image is projected from a light source onto the hologram layer, and diffraction occurs due to interference fringes corresponding to the blue, green, and red wavelengths of the image, allowing the user to view the image. Examples of hologram characteristics include reflection holograms and transmission holograms. Furthermore, a volume hologram is preferred from the viewpoint of increasing diffraction efficiency.

[0067] One example of a method for producing a hologram layer is to form a layer containing a photopolymerizable monomer, a matrix polymer, and a photopolymerization initiator on a transparent support or film, and then irradiate it with laser light corresponding to blue, green, and red wavelengths from two directions: the desired recording direction and the desired diffraction direction, thereby forming interference fringes in the matrix polymer, and then curing the matrix polymer with heat or ultraviolet light as needed. The diffraction efficiency of the hologram layer can be controlled by changing the magnitude of the refractive index modulation in the hologram layer or the thickness of the hologram layer, making it easy to achieve an average reflectance of 5% to 100% for wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when linearly polarized light containing only P-polarized light is incident at an incident angle of 60°, or a transmittance of 50% or more for visible light when natural light is incident at an incident angle of 0°.

[0068] Hereinafter, several examples of the configuration of the projection image display member of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Figures 5 to 12 are schematic diagrams showing a cross section in the thickness direction of a projection image display member according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] As shown in FIG. 5, the projection image display member of the present invention includes at least a P-polarized light reflective layer 5 and an absorptive dimming layer 11. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6, the projection image display member may be configured by disposing the absorptive dimming layer 11 and the P-polarized light reflective layer 5 in this order on a substrate 4 (hereinafter simply referred to as the substrate) whose main component is glass or resin. In this configuration, the absorptive dimming layer also serves to bond the substrate 4 and the P-polarized light reflective layer. This configuration provides support and durability to the member, and also protects the surface of the absorptive dimming layer. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, the projection image display member may be configured by disposing an adhesive layer 12 between the substrate 4 and the absorptive dimming layer 11. This configuration allows the absorptive dimming layer 11 and the adhesive layer 12 to have different functions, such as heat insulation and UV resistance, respectively, thereby providing a projection image display member with a wider range of performance capabilities. Furthermore, in the configurations of Figures 6 and 7, by irradiating projection light containing P-polarized light from the P-polarized reflective layer side, the projection light can be efficiently reflected by the P-polarized reflective layer, and interference of the substrate and adhesive layer with the projection light can be suppressed, resulting in a projection image display component with excellent visibility.

[0070] The projection image display member of the present invention can also be configured with an interlayer film disposed on one or both sides, as shown in Figures 8 to 10. Specifically, the projection image display member can be configured as follows: an interlayer film 1 (13), a P-polarized reflective layer 5, and an interlayer film 2 (14) are arranged in this order, with the interlayer film 1 being an absorptive photochromic layer (Figure 8); an interlayer film 1 (13), an absorptive photochromic layer 11, a P-polarized reflective layer 5, and an interlayer film 2 (14) are arranged in this order (Figure 9); or an interlayer film 1 (13), an absorptive photochromic layer 11, and a P-polarized reflective layer 5 are arranged in this order (Figure 10). These configurations allow for bonding of other components via the interlayer film, resulting in a projection image display member that can be easily bonded to various window components, such as architectural windows and automobile windshields. Furthermore, by adjusting the adhesiveness of the interlayer film, a projection image display member with excellent reworkability can be obtained, allowing it to be peeled off and re-bonded after being bonded. In the configurations of FIGS. 8 and 9, the intermediate films 1 and 2 may have the same composition and thickness or may have different thicknesses.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 11, the projection image display member of the present invention can also be configured with a transparent member 1 (reference numeral 15), an intermediate film 1 (reference numeral 13), a P-polarized light reflective layer 5, an intermediate film 2 (reference numeral 14), and a transparent member 2 (reference numeral 16) arranged in this order, with at least one of the transparent member 1 and the intermediate film 1 being an absorptive photochromic layer. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 12, the projection image display member of the present invention can also be configured with a transparent member 1 (reference numeral 15), an intermediate film 1 (reference numeral 13), an absorptive photochromic layer 11, a P-polarized light reflective layer 5, an intermediate film 2 (reference numeral 14), and a transparent member 2 (reference numeral 16) arranged in this order. The configurations of FIGS. 11 and 12 can also provide the member with support and durability and protect the surfaces of the P-polarized light reflective layer and the absorptive photochromic layer. In these configurations, the transparent members 1 and 2 may have the same or different compositions and thicknesses, as can the intermediate films 1 and 2.

[0072] Examples of materials that can be used for the substrate include glass, polypropylene, polymethylpentene and its copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers, etc. Also, examples of resins that can be used for the adhesive layer include vinyl acetate resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl ether, nitrile rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, natural rubber, chloroprene rubber, polyamide, epoxy resin, polyurethane, acrylic resin, cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylic ester, polyisobutylene, etc.

[0073] The adhesive layer may contain adhesive adjusters, plasticizers, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, UV absorbers, antistatic agents, lubricants, colorants, crosslinkers, etc. The adhesive layer may be in a liquid, gel, block, powder, film, or other form before processing. A more preferred adhesive material is a vinyl-based adhesive, which has excellent conformability to transparent materials and excellent processability. A polyvinyl acetal adhesive, which has a small refractive index difference with glass and excellent adhesion, is even more preferred, with polyvinyl butyral resin being particularly preferred. These adhesive materials may contain the aforementioned infrared absorbers to impart heat-shielding properties to the projection image display member. Examples of intermediate film 1 and intermediate film 2 include the aforementioned vinyl-based adhesives and polyvinyl acetal adhesives.

[0074] The projection image display member of the present invention can be used in a transparent display system that includes the projection image display member as at least a portion of the display. Examples of transparent display systems include head-mounted display systems in the form of glasses worn on the head, and transparent signage on architectural windows or within architectural spaces. An image display function can be imparted to any portion of the transparent display system, thereby improving the flexibility of display design. In particular, a head-up display system that projects information while transmitting the background by being used on the windshield of a vehicle is preferred. That is, the transparent display system of the present invention includes the projection image display member of the present invention as at least a portion of the display, and the head-up display of the present invention includes the projection image display member of the present invention.

[0075] The head-up display of the present invention can be used in transportation equipment. Preferred examples of transportation equipment include automobiles, railway vehicles, and aircraft. In particular, automobiles equipped with the projection image display member of the present invention on one or more of the windshield, side window, and rear window are preferred. [Example]

[0076] The projection image display member of the present invention will be described in more detail below using examples, but the projection image display member of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0077] [Methods for measuring physical properties and evaluating effects] The methods for measuring the characteristics and evaluating the effects are as follows: The measurement position for each item, where light was incident and measured, was the center of gravity of the projection image display member (in the case of a partial bonding structure, the center of gravity of the part where the P-polarized reflective layer is present).

[0078] (1) Number of layers in the multilayer laminate film, thickness of the surface layer, thickness of the inner layer of the multilayer laminate film Cross sections of the laminated film samples cut parallel to the thickness direction (perpendicular to the film surface) using a microtome were observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to confirm the number of layers, the thickness of the surface layer, and the thickness of the internal layers. Cross-sectional photographs were taken using a JEM1400Plus transmission electron microscope (JEOL Ltd.) at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. The number of layers and the thickness of the surface layer were measured by observing the obtained TEM images using the image processing software Image-Pro ver. 10. Image analysis was performed in vertical thick profile mode, where the relationship between the thickness direction position and the average brightness of the region sandwiched between two widthwise lines was read as numerical data. The position (nm) and brightness data were then numerically processed using a five-point moving average using the spreadsheet software "Excel" (registered trademark) (Microsoft Office 365 version 2202). Furthermore, the data showing the periodically changing brightness was differentiated, and the maximum and minimum values ​​of the differential curve were read using a VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) program, and the layer thickness was calculated by taking the distance between adjacent values ​​as the thickness of one layer. This operation was performed for each image, and the layer thickness of all layers was calculated, thereby determining the layer thickness within the multilayer laminate film.

[0079] (2) Average reflectance at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident at an angle of 60° or 12° to the normal direction of the surface on the P-polarized light reflective layer side A Hitachi U-4100 spectrophotometer (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) was fitted with an angle-variable reflection unit and a Glan-Taylor polarizer. Light containing only P-polarized components was incident on the projection image display member sample at an angle of incidence θ of 60° or 12° relative to the surface normal, and the reflectance was measured in 1-nm increments over a wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm. From the resulting reflectance spectra, the average reflectance (%) of light containing only P-polarized components over a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm at angles of incidence of 60° and 12° was calculated. The average reflectance at an incident angle of 12° was designated Rv (%).

[0080] (3) Average transmittance for wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly to the surface of the P-polarized light reflecting layer A Hitachi spectrophotometer (U-4100 Spectrophotometer) was fitted with an attached variable angle reflector and Glan-Taylor polarizer, and light containing only P-polarized light was incident on the sample at an incident angle θ of 0°, and the transmittance was measured in 1 nm increments over the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm. The average transmittance of light containing only P-polarized light over the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm at an incident angle of 0° was calculated from the obtained transmission spectrum.

[0081] (4) Average transmittance of visible light incident perpendicularly to the surface of the projected image display component Using a Hitachi, Ltd. spectrophotometer (U-4100 Spectrophotometer) with the standard configuration (solid state measurement system), the transmittance at wavelengths of 400 to 700 nm at an incident angle of 0° was measured in 1 nm increments, and the average transmittance was calculated (measurement conditions: slit 2 nm (visible) / automatic control (infrared), gain 2, scanning speed 600 nm / min). The obtained value was taken as the average transmittance of visible light incident perpendicularly to the surface of the projection image display member.

[0082] (5) Heat insulation A sample was prepared by laminating a P-polarized reflective layer, an absorptive photochromic layer, an adhesive layer (OCA), and a transparent plate glass in that order, and the total energy transmittance (Tts) of the sample was measured in accordance with ISO 13837:2008 "Road vehicles -- Safety glazing materials -- Determination of solar transmittance" and rated on the following three scales, with B or better being considered good. Note that the incident surface during measurement was the transparent plate glass side (the side opposite the P-polarized reflective layer). A: The total energy transmittance (Tts) of the sample was greater than 50% and less than 60%. B: The total energy transmittance (Tts) of the sample was greater than 60% and less than or equal to 70%. C: The total energy transmittance (Tts) of the sample was greater than 70%.

[0083] (6) La of projected image display components * b* Saturation of transmitted light in color space C * Using a Hitachi spectrophotometer (U-4100 Spectrophotometer) with the standard configuration (solid state measurement system), the transmission spectrum at an incident angle of 0°, the spectral distribution of the C illuminant, and the XYZ values ​​under the C illuminant using the XYZ color matching functions, and the chroma C calculated using the XYZ values. * The values ​​were calculated based on JIS Z 8701 1999.

[0084] (7) Performance evaluation of projected image display components An apparatus configured as shown in FIG. 13 was used to evaluate the performance of the projection image display member fabricated by the method described below. The evaluation method will be described below with reference to FIG. 13. An Apple display ("iPad" (registered trademark)) was used as the light source 6. The light source 6 was a type that emitted P-polarized light ray 7, and the projection image display member 3 was positioned so that the P-polarized light was incident on the projection image display member 3. The projection image display member 3 was also positioned so that the incident angle (reference numeral 17) of the vertically emitted light ray 7 from the light source 6 was 40° or 70°, and the P-polarized light reflective layer 5 (or a film used in place of it) was closer to the light source 6 than the absorptive dimming layer 11. The light ray 7 from the light source 6 was incident directly on the center (center of gravity) of the projection image display member 3, and a white lattice-shaped image was used as the image formed by the light ray 7. With this configuration, the image projected onto the projection image display member 3 from the light source 6 (light ray 8 of the main image, light ray 9 of the ghost image) was visually observed, and each item was evaluated visually according to the following criteria. The display quality of the projected image was rated as C or above, and all other items were rated as B or above. (Projected image display) A: The projected image was very bright. B: The projected image was bright. C: The projected image was a little bright. D: I couldn't see the projected image. (Background visibility) A: The background looked clear. B: The background appeared dark enough that it would not cause any problems in practical use. C: The background appeared darker than the level of B, or the background was not visible. (Double image suppression effect of projected images) A: I didn't see any double images. B: Double images were observed to a degree that did not affect image visibility. C: Double images exceeding the level of B were observed, or the projected image was not visible, so the visibility of the double images could not be evaluated. The double image referred to here refers to the phenomenon in which the projected image appears to be split into two or more parts, and not only double images but also triple or more multiple images are treated as double images. (with color projected image) A: The coloring was barely visible. B: There was a slight discoloration, but it was not a problem in practical use. C: Strong coloring was observed to the extent that it was problematic for practical use.

[0085] [Ingredients used in the production of multi-layer laminated film] The multilayer laminate films used in each example were manufactured using one of the following combinations of thermoplastic resins. The following were also used as other components and coatings. Crystallinity and amorphousness were determined in accordance with JIS K7122 (2012). The resin was heated from 25°C to 300°C at a heating rate of 20°C / min (1st run), held at that temperature for 5 minutes, then rapidly cooled to 25°C or below, and heated again from room temperature to 300°C at a heating rate of 20°C / min. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) chart for the 2nd run was obtained by measuring the heat of crystalline fusion ΔHm, which was calculated from the peak area of ​​the melting peak. Thermoplastic resins with a ΔHm of 2 J / g or more were considered crystalline thermoplastic resins, and thermoplastic resins with a ΔHm of less than 2 J / g were considered amorphous thermoplastic resins.

[0086] (thermoplastic resin) Resin 1: Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate with a glass transition temperature of 78°C, a melting point of 254°C, and a melting enthalpy of 40 J / g Resin 2: Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate copolymerized with 20 mol% naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, with a glass transition temperature of 90°C, a melting point of 211°C, and a melting enthalpy of 1 J / g. Resin 3: Crystalline polyethylene naphthalate copolymerized with 30 mol% of isophthalic acid component relative to the total acid component and 4 mol% of polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 relative to the total diol component, with a glass transition temperature of 77°C, a melting point of 217°C, and a melting enthalpy of 2 J / g. Resin 4: Crystalline polyethylene naphthalate copolymerized with 5 mol% polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 400, exhibiting a glass transition temperature of 97°C, a melting point of 254°C, and a melting enthalpy of 33 J / g. Resin 5: Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate copolymerized with 27 mol% cyclohexanedimethanol, exhibiting a glass transition temperature of 75°C.

[0087] (Water-based paint X) Water-based coating agent X: To a mixture of the following polyester resin 1 (100 parts by mass), reactive compound 1 (30 parts by mass), and reactive compound 2 (30 parts by mass), 0.5 parts by mass of silica colloidal particles with a particle size of 100 nm was added per 100 parts by mass of binder resin, which is the mixture of the resin and compound. Water was used as the solvent to adjust the solids concentration to 5 parts by mass, and 0.03 parts by mass of a surfactant was added per 100 parts by mass of water in total, and mixed to prepare a coating composition. Polyester resin 1: An aqueous dispersion of polyester resin having the following copolymerization composition was obtained by the following procedure. The following copolymerization components and 0.1 parts of potassium titanium oxalate as a catalyst were added to a reactor, and the temperature was raised to 200°C while stirring and mixing under normal pressure in a nitrogen atmosphere. Next, the reaction temperature was gradually raised to 250°C over 4 hours to terminate the transesterification reaction. 15 parts by mass of this polyester resin and 85 parts by mass of water were added to a dissolution tank and dispersed with stirring at a temperature of 80 to 95°C over 2 hours to obtain a 15% aqueous dispersion of polyester resin. <Copolymer composition> Dicarboxylic acid component Dimethyl 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate: 88 mol% Sodium dimethyl 5-sulfoisophthalate: 12 mol% Diol component Compound in which 2 moles of ethylene oxide are added to 1 mole of bisphenol S: 86 mole% 1,3-propanediol: 14 mol %.

[0088] (Other ingredients) Reactive compound 1: Carbodiimide water-based crosslinker (Nisshinbo Chemical Inc. "Carbodilite" (registered trademark) V-04) Reactive compound 2: oxazoline-containing polymer aqueous dispersion ("Epocross" (registered trademark) WS-500, manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.). Surfactant: "Plus Coat" (registered trademark) RY-2 manufactured by Goo Chemical Co., Ltd. [Manufacturing method of multilayer laminated film] A multilayer laminate film was fabricated using the following method. Resin 1 and Resin 2 were used as the thermoplastic resins constituting Layer A and Layer B, respectively. Each thermoplastic resin was separately fed into two twin-screw extruders in pellet form, melted at 280°C, and kneaded. The kneading conditions were set so that the screw rotation speed relative to the output was 0.7. Next, after passing through seven FSS-type leaf disc filters, the materials were metered using a gear pump and merged in a feed block with 801 slits and a temperature of 280°C. This produced an 801-layer molten laminate with alternating layers A and B in the thickness direction, with both surface layers being Layer A. The molten laminate was then fed into a T-die and formed into a sheet. It was then quenched and solidified on a casting drum maintained at a surface temperature of 25°C while an 8 kV electrostatic voltage was applied via a wire, yielding a laminated cast sheet. The resulting laminated cast sheet was heated between rolls set at 70-85°C, then rapidly heated on both sides by a radiation heater within a 100mm stretching section, stretched 3.1 times in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal stretching), and then cooled. The resulting laminated uniaxially stretched film was then corona discharge treated on both sides in air to reduce its wet tension to 55mN / m. Both sides were then coated with a water-based coating agent X (#4 Metabar) to form a transparent, slippery, and adhesive layer. This uniaxially stretched film was then introduced into a tenter, preheated with hot air at 100°C, and then stretched 3.6 times in the width direction (transverse stretching) at a maximum stretching rate of 9% / sec at 110°C. Immediately after transverse stretching, the biaxially stretched film was heat-set with hot air at 200°C, relaxed 3% in the width direction in a cooling process at 100°C, then slowly cooled to room temperature and wound up. In this case, no additional stretching was performed during the heat setting in the width direction stretching and during the process of slow cooling to room temperature. The multilayer laminate film obtained in this manner had a thickness of 80 μm (thickness of both surface layers: 3 μm).

[0089] [Preparation of Coating A] DPHA (dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate), potassium tert-butoxide, and a photoinitiator (BASF Japan, "IRGACURE" (registered trademark) 184) were mixed in a mass ratio of 99:1:1, and the mixture was adjusted to a solids concentration of 20% with MEK (methyl ethyl ketone). This mixture and cesium tungsten oxide particles (Cs) were then mixed. 0.33 A slurry with a WO3 solid content concentration of 30% by mass was mixed so that the mass ratio of the solids was 90:10, to prepare a coating liquid (coating agent A) containing an infrared absorber.

[0090] [Preparation of Coating B] A mixture of DPHA (dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate), potassium tert-butoxide, and a photoinitiator (BASF Japan's "IRGACURE"® 184) in a mass ratio of 99:1:1 was adjusted to a solids concentration of 20% with MEK (methyl ethyl ketone). This mixture was mixed with a slurry of tin-doped indium oxide particles ITO with a solids concentration of 30% by mass to a solids mass ratio of 90:10 to prepare a coating liquid (Coating B) containing an infrared absorber.

[0091] [Formation of an absorbent photochromic layer] The multilayer laminate film obtained above was cut into A4 size, and the surface of the multilayer laminate film was coated with coating agent A or B using a wire bar coater, and then dried in a hot air oven at 80°C for 2 minutes. After that, ultraviolet rays of 300 mJ / cm were applied using a UV irradiation device. 2 The coating film was cured by irradiation to form an absorptive photochromic layer. The coating thickness of the absorptive photochromic layer was adjusted by adjusting the amount of coating A or B applied by adjusting the groove depth of the wire bar.

[0092] [Production of projected image display components] A projection image display member was produced using Nisshinbo's LAMINATOR 0303S as described in the "Laminating Method" below. A transparent plate glass measuring 100 mm wide x 100 mm long x 3 mm thick was used, and the multilayer laminate film with an absorbent light control layer and the adhesive layer were cut to a width of 100 mm x a length of 100 mm. One of the following adhesive layers was used. The adhesive layer used in each example is listed in the "Adhesive Layer" column (reference number 12) in Table 1. When the transparent plate glass was laminated to both sides, Interlayer Film 1 and Interlayer Film 2 listed in Table 1 were used as the adhesive layers.

[0093] <Adhesive layer> Adhesive layer 1: Clear OCA, transmittance 90%, optical transparent adhesive (TD06) manufactured by Tomoegawa Paper Co., Ltd. Adhesive layer 2: 80% smoke OCA, transmittance 80%, optical adhesive sheet (K28-1) manufactured by Shin-Tack Chemical Co., Ltd. Adhesive layer 3: 70% smoked OCA, transmittance 70%, smoked OCA (SM70) manufactured by Bando Chemical Co., Ltd. Adhesive layer 4: 50% smoked OCA, transmittance 50%, optical adhesive sheet (EA274GF) manufactured by Shin-Tack Chemical Co., Ltd. Adhesive layer 5: heat-shielding adhesive. Produced by the following adhesive layer production method.

[0094] <Method for forming adhesive layer> The adhesive layer 5 was formed by the following method. The following coating agent C was applied to the surface of the multilayer laminate film or the multilayer laminate film on which the absorbent light control layer was formed using a bar coater, and the surface was dried in a hot air oven at 80°C for 2 minutes to remove the solvent, thereby forming an adhesive layer 5 having a thickness of 15 μm. When forming adhesive layers on both sides, an adhesive layer was formed on one side, and then an adhesive layer was formed on the other side in the same manner. Then, when laminating to a transparent plate glass, lamination was performed according to the lamination method described below.

[0095] [Paint C] The acrylic adhesive "SK Dyne" (registered trademark) 2094 (manufactured by Soken Chemical & Engineering Co., Ltd.), the crosslinking agent E-5XM (manufactured by Soken Chemical & Engineering Co., Ltd.), and the crosslinking agent L-45 (manufactured by Soken Chemical & Engineering Co., Ltd.) were mixed in a mass ratio of 98:1:1 and mixed with 60 parts by mass of MEK (methyl ethyl ketone). This mixture and cesium tungsten oxide particles (Cs 0.33 A slurry with a WO3 solid content concentration of 30% by mass was mixed with the mixed liquid so that the mass ratio of the solid content of the slurry to the mixed liquid was 90:2, thereby preparing a coating liquid (coating agent C) containing an infrared absorber.

[0096] <Lamination method> The projection image display member and the transparent plate glass were bonded together by the following bonding method so as to have the same configuration as that (drawing number) described in the configuration column of Table 1. Single-sided lamination: The transparent plate glass, adhesive layer, and multilayer laminate film with the absorbent dimming layer formed thereon were arranged and stacked in this order, and laminated at a roll temperature of 25°C and a feed rate of 0.6 m / min. Double-sided lamination: Transparent plate glass, intermediate film 1, multilayer laminate film with an absorbent dimming layer formed thereon, intermediate film 2, and transparent plate glass were arranged and stacked in that order, and laminated at a roll temperature of 25°C and a feed speed of 0.6 m / min. Partial lamination: A multilayer laminate film having an adhesive layer and an absorbent dimming layer formed thereon was placed and superimposed in this order on a part of a transparent plate glass, and laminated at a roll temperature of 25°C and a feed rate of 0.6 m / min.

[0097] Unless otherwise specified, in single-sided bonding and partial bonding, the projection image display member was positioned so that the absorbent light control layer was on the adhesive layer side. Also, when no absorbent light control layer was provided, the "multilayer laminate film with an absorbent light control layer formed thereon" was referred to as the "multilayer laminate film," and its orientation was arbitrary.

[0098] [Method of manufacturing multi-layer laminated film with metal layer] This method was carried out only in Example 12 below. A ZnO layer was laminated to a thickness of 5 nm on a multilayer laminate film obtained by the above-mentioned method for producing a multilayer laminate film using a magnetron sputtering device. The ZnO layer was laminated in the following manner. First, the multilayer laminate film and the ZnO layer were placed in the magnetron sputtering device, and a 1.0 × 10 -3 The pressure was reduced to 2.0×10 Pa, and then -1 Argon gas and oxygen gas were introduced at an oxygen gas partial pressure of 10% so that the SiO2 concentration was 100 Pa. Next, a direct current of 3000 W was applied to the magnetron sputtering cathode to generate argon-oxygen gas plasma, and a 5 nm thick ZnO layer was formed on the surface of the multilayer laminate film by sputtering. Using the same method, an 8 nm thick Ag layer and a 5 nm thick ZnO layer were laminated in that order on the ZnO layer to produce a multilayer laminate film with a metal layer.

[0099] Example 1 Following the multilayer laminate film manufacturing method described above, a multilayer laminate film was produced using Resin 1 and Resin 2 as thermoplastic resins. Next, without coating with Coating A, a glass laminate was produced according to the glass laminate manufacturing method described above, using 80% smoked OCA adhesive layer 2 as the absorbent dimming layer. The physical properties were measured and the effects evaluated according to the methods described above. The resulting glass laminate exhibited excellent display of projected images, background visibility, and double image suppression. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0100] Example 2 A projection image display member and a glass laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the adhesive layer was changed to the aforementioned 70% smoked OCA of Adhesive Layer 3. The obtained glass laminate had lower transmittance and slightly reduced background visibility compared to Example 1, but had excellent projection image display properties and double image suppression effects. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0101] Example 3 A projection image display member was produced according to the aforementioned "Method for producing multilayer laminate film," "Preparation of coating agent A," "Formation of absorbent light control layer," and "Preparation of projection image display member." Coating agent A was used for the absorbent light control layer, the coating thickness was 1 μm, the lamination method was single-sided lamination, and the adhesive layer was clear OCA (adhesive layer 1). The evaluation results of the projection image display member are shown in Table 1.

[0102] (Examples 4 to 9, Comparative Examples 2, 4, and 5) A projection image display member was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the thermoplastic resin and number of layers of the multilayer laminate film, the lamination configuration of the projection image display member, the type and coating thickness of the adhesive layer and absorbent light control layer were as shown in Tables 1 and 2. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The number of layers was adjusted by the number of slits in the feed block, and the thickness of the multilayer laminate film was adjusted by adjusting the take-up speed and discharge rate of the casting drum.

[0103] Example 10 A projection image display member was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the lamination method when producing the projection image display member was changed to arrange the transparent plate glass, adhesive layer, multilayer laminate film, and absorbent light control layer in that order. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0104] Example 11 A projection image display member was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that a transparent plate glass of 100 mm wide x 100 mm long x 5 mm thick was used as the projection image display member and the structure was partial lamination. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0105] Example 12 A projection image display member was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that a multilayer laminate film with a metal layer was used as the multilayer laminate film. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1. In producing the projection image display member, the multilayer laminate film with a metal layer was arranged so that the metal layer was the outermost surface.

[0106] Example 13 A projection image display member was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, and the performance evaluation of the projection image display member was carried out by adjusting the incident angle of the irradiated light (reference numeral 17 in Figure 13) to 70°. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

[0107] Example 14 A projection image display member was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that no coating with coating agent A was performed, adhesive layer intermediate film 1 and adhesive layer 5 (heat-shielding adhesive) were formed as adhesive layer intermediate film 2, and no transparent plate glass was attached. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

[0108] Example 15 A projection image display member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that adhesive layer 5 (heat-shielding adhesive) was used as the absorptive light-control layer. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Example 16 A projection image display member was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the coating agent used in producing the projection image display member was changed to coating agent B. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

[0109] Example 17 A projection image display member was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that an adhesive layer 5 (heat-shielding adhesive) was used as the absorbent dimming layer in the interlayer 1 and clear OCA was used in the interlayer 2. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

[0110] Example 18 A projection image display member was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that a multilayer laminate film with a metal layer was used as the multilayer laminate film and no coating with Coating A was performed. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. In producing the projection image display member, the transparent plate glass, adhesive layer, metal layer, and multilayer laminate film were arranged in this order.

[0111] (Comparative Example 1) A projection image display member was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that a single-layer PET film was used in place of the multilayer laminate film. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

[0112] (Comparative Example 3) Coating with Coating Agent A was not performed, and a heat ray reflective film (Nano90s: manufactured by 3M) that reflects infrared rays was used instead of the absorbent dimming layer. Except for this, a projection image display member was produced in the same manner as in Example 4. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

[0113] [Table 1]

[0114] [Table 2]

[0115] In the table, the thermoplastic resins on the top side of the multi-layer laminate film are for layer A, and the thermoplastic resins on the bottom side are for layer B. [Industrial Applicability]

[0116] The projection image display member of the present invention can reduce double images even at projection angles other than Brewster's angle. Due to the above characteristics, the projection image display member of the present invention can be suitably used as a transparent display system or head-up display (HUD) for vehicles such as automobiles, aircraft, electronic signage, building windows, game consoles, etc. [Explanation of symbols]

[0117] 1: Reflectance of P-polarized light 2: Reflectance of S-polarized light 3: Projection image display component 4: Base material 5: Reflective layer (P polarized reflective layer) 6:Light source 7: Irradiation light 8: Light beam from the main image 9: Ghost statue light beam 10: Viewer 11: Absorbent photochromic layer 12: Adhesive layer 13: Interlayer 1 14: Interlayer 2 15: Transparent material 1 16: Transparent material 2 17: Angle of incidence

Claims

1. It has a P-polarized light reflective layer and an absorptive photochromic layer, an average reflectance of 5% or more and 100% or less at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident from the P-polarized light reflective layer side so as to form an angle of 60° with respect to the normal direction of the surface on the P-polarized light reflective layer side; The average transmittance of visible light incident perpendicularly to the surface of the projection image display member is 50% or more and 100% or less, A projection image display member characterized in that, when Tv (%) and Rv (%) are the average transmittance for wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly to the surface from the P-polarized light reflective layer side, and the average reflectance for wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm when P-polarized light is incident from the P-polarized light reflective layer side so that the angle with the normal to the surface is 12°, the relationship (Tv + Rv) ≦ 95 is satisfied.

2. 2. The projection image display member according to claim 1, wherein the absorptive light-controlling layer contains a light-absorbing agent.

3. 3. The projection image display member according to claim 2, wherein the light absorbing agent is an infrared absorbing agent.

4. 3. The perspective projection image display member according to claim 1, wherein the absorptive light-controlling layer contains an adhesive material.

5. La ＊ b ＊ Saturation of transmitted light in color space C ＊ 3. The projection image display member according to claim 1, wherein the σ is 10.0 or less.

6. 3. The projection image display member according to claim 1, wherein the P-polarized light reflective layer has a structure in which 51 or more layers of two or more different types of thermoplastic resin are regularly laminated.

7. 3. The projection image display member according to claim 1, wherein the projection image display member comprises a transparent member 1, an intermediate film 1, the P-polarized light reflective layer, an intermediate film 2, and a transparent member 2 arranged in this order, and at least one of the transparent member 1 and the intermediate film 1 is an absorptive dimming layer.

8. 3. The projection image display member according to claim 1, wherein a transparent member 1, an intermediate film 1, the absorptive light-controlling layer, the P-polarized light reflective layer, an intermediate film 2, and a transparent member 2 are arranged in this order.

9. 3. The projection image display member according to claim 1, wherein a substrate containing glass or resin as a main component, the absorptive light control layer, and the P-polarized light reflective layer are disposed in this order.

10. 10. The projection image display member according to claim 9, wherein an adhesive layer is disposed between the substrate and the absorptive light-controlling layer.

11. 3. The projection image display member according to claim 1, wherein an intermediate film 1, the P-polarized light reflective layer, and an intermediate film 2 are arranged in this order, and the intermediate film 1 is an absorptive light control layer.

12. 3. The projection image display member according to claim 1, wherein an intermediate film 1, the absorptive light-controlling layer, the P-polarized light reflective layer, and an intermediate film 2 are arranged in this order.

13. 3. The projection image display member according to claim 1, wherein an intermediate film 1, the absorptive light control layer, and the P-polarized light reflective layer are disposed in this order.

14. A transparent display system comprising the projection image display member according to claim 1 or 2 as at least a part of a display.

15. A head-up display system comprising the projection image display member according to claim 1 or 2.

16. A transportation device comprising the head-up display system according to claim 15.

Images