Electric vehicle (EV) fast charging stations and systems

Abstract

To provide an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for fast-charging an electric vehicle (EV) (e.g., charging in 5 to 15 minutes).SOLUTION: A fuel / electric station is an EV charging station to charge multiple EVs and multiple conventional fuel type vehicles at the same time, and comprises: a power source; an electrical service receiving power from the power source; a primary electric reservoir 26-1 receiving power from the electrical service; a secondary electric reservoir 26-2 receiving power from the primary electric reservoir; a tertiary electric reservoir 26-3 receiving power from the secondary electric reservoir; and an EV charger 12A receiving power from the tertiary electric reservoir.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 16

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention is directed to fast or high-speed electric vehicle charging stations and systems, for example, for fast charging of electric vehicles (EVs). Fast or high-speed electric vehicle stations and systems may be configured to provide both fast charging of electric vehicles and fuel filling of fuel-powered vehicles. [Background technology]

[0002] Electric vehicles (EVs) are expanding in use around the world, driven by strong interest in clean emissions, quiet operation, and low maintenance. Advances in battery technology have helped increase vehicle speeds as well as driving range. Battery charging has helped support this growth, offering charging times as short as two hours to fully charge large EV batteries (e.g., Chevrolet Volt or Tesla Model S). The drive to improve charging times has driven battery manufacturers to improve their technology and offer "fast charge" capabilities for their batteries. The goal is to enable EVs to be recharged in roughly the same time it takes to refuel a gasoline-powered vehicle (e.g., 10-15 minutes).

[0003] Fast charging of large vehicle batteries presents challenges due to the large amount of AC power required from the public power grid for each (or multiple) vehicle being charged. For example, a full-sized sedan such as a Chevrolet Volt may require as much as 350 kW of power during the charging process to achieve the target charging time. This power requirement, multiplied by the number of vehicles charging simultaneously, necessitates a large AC power source at the charging location (such as a large industrial load followed by public power grid infrastructure to support AC-to-DC conversion). This type of AC power source is not available in most locations. Power surges during charging also pose challenges regarding the ability of utility companies to predict power requirements at specific locations. Adding to this particular challenge is the sparse location of charging stations. EV charging pumps must be available at gas stations to grow the EV market. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To provide sufficient power in most locations, electricity must be stored in a controlled and uniform manner using a large "electrical reservoir" or "battery reservoir" or "energy reservoir" or "power reservoir." This electrical reservoir can then be used as the primary charging energy source for charging electric vehicles. Battery technology already exists to support the "reservoir" requirements. Several different power storage technologies can be used, including flow batteries, lithium-ion batteries, storage capacitors (e.g., ultracapacitors), and / or fuel cells. Other electromechanical technologies, such as flywheel energy storage, can also be used. The electrical reservoir can be located underground in a manner similar to that currently used to store fuel (e.g., gasoline, diesel) at gas stations, or it can be located above ground.

[0005] The electric reservoir can be charged (e.g., constantly charged in an even manner) using power already present at a typical gas station. This method allows power companies to predict power usage and avoid power surges. For example, the electric reservoir can be charged continuously, intermittently, at a variable current, at a variable charging rate, or in a programmed manner from a power source (e.g., existing power source(s), new power source(s), power grid, transmission line(s), distribution system, power plant, generator, fuel-powered generator, solar panel, wind turbine).

[0006] The energy stored in the electrical reservoir can be used as a power source to charge an electric vehicle. A charge pump, very similar in physical size and form to a regular gas pump, can be used to perform the appropriate conversion of power required to charge an EV. Because the power source for the EV is a DC battery and the electrical reservoir can be a DC electrical reservoir (e.g., DC flow battery, DC lithium-ion battery), the required power conversion can be simply direct current or DC-DC conversion, avoiding the power loss due to AC-DC conversion used in most battery chargers today.

[0007] Charging station operators can charge customers for charging their EVs in a similar manner to gasoline customers. They can work with utilities on the costs of keeping the reservoir charged, as well as amortize the costs of adding / supporting the reservoir and EV chargers or EV pumps (e.g., chargers or outlets). Operators can accumulate the profits they need and charge EV customers accordingly. This avoids the burden on utilities to provide industrial-scale power grid infrastructure such as additional transmission towers, power lines, and substations, which would be impractical for most locations.

[0008] Using the reservoir approach, a regular gas station can be converted to offer fast charging for EV(s) simply by adding an EV pump (e.g., a refueling EV pump) or pumps. This fast charging allows EV(s) to travel easily across the country just as gasoline-fueled vehicles do today, making EV(s) more mainstream.

[0009] The subject matter described herein is directed to stations for refueling fuel vehicles and / or charging electric vehicles.

[0010] The subject matter described herein is directed to charging stations.

[0011] The subject matter described herein is directed to electricity / fuel stations.

[0012] The subject matter described herein is directed to an improved gas station that includes or consists of both a gas pump and an electric pump or EV charger.

[0013] The subject matter described herein is directed to a charging / fueling station comprising or consisting of at least one fuel pump and at least one electric pump or EV charger.

[0014] The subject matter described herein is directed to a charging / fueling station comprising or consisting of at least one fuel pump and at least one electric pump or EV charger.

[0015] The subject matter described herein is directed to a charging / fueling station comprising or consisting of at least one fuel pump and at least one electric pump or charger, wherein the at least one fuel pump is spaced a predetermined distance from the at least one electric pump or charger.

[0016] The subject matter described herein is directed to a charging / fueling station comprising or consisting of at least one fuel pump and at least one electric pump or charger, wherein the at least one fuel pump and the at least one electric pump or charger are provided in a single unit.

[0017] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electric station comprising or consisting of at least one fuel pump and at least one electric pump or charger, wherein the at least one fuel pump and the at least one electric pump or charger are separate units.

[0018] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electric station comprising or consisting of multiple fuel pumps and multiple electric pumps or EV chargers.

[0019] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electric station comprising or consisting of a plurality of fuel pumps and a plurality of electric pumps or chargers, the fuel pumps being arranged in at least one row and the electric pumps or chargers being arranged in at least one other row.

[0020] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electricity station comprising or consisting of at least one electric reservoir.

[0021] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electricity station that includes or consists of multiple electric reservoirs.

[0022] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electric station comprising or consisting of at least one on-site electric reservoir.

[0023] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electricity station comprising or consisting of at least one electric reservoir located below ground level.

[0024] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electricity station comprising or consisting of multiple electric reservoirs located below ground level.

[0025] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electricity station comprising or consisting of at least one electric reservoir located above ground level.

[0026] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electricity station comprising or consisting of multiple electric reservoirs located above ground level.

[0027] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electricity station comprising or consisting of at least one electric reservoir.

[0028] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electricity station that includes or consists of multiple electric reservoirs.

[0029] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electric station comprising or consisting of at least one on-site electric reservoir.

[0030] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electric station that includes or consists of multiple on-site electric reservoirs.

[0031] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electricity station comprising or consisting of at least one electric reservoir located below ground level.

[0032] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electricity station comprising or consisting of multiple electric reservoirs located below ground level.

[0033] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electricity station comprising or consisting of at least one electric reservoir located above ground level.

[0034] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electricity station comprising or consisting of multiple electric reservoirs located above ground level.

[0035] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electric station comprising or consisting of at least one fuel tank and at least one electrical reservoir located below ground level.

[0036] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electric station comprising or consisting of multiple fuel tanks and multiple electrical reservoirs located below ground level.

[0037] The subject matter described herein is directed to a fuel / electric station comprising or consisting of at least one gas tank and at least one electrical reservoir located below ground level, the at least one gas tank and the at least one electrical reservoir being separated by at least a predetermined distance.

[0038] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir.

[0039] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, a tertiary electrical reservoir that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the tertiary electrical reservoir.

[0040] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging electric vehicles (EVs), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of at least one power source, a plurality of electrical equipment receiving power from the at least one power source, a plurality of primary electrical reservoirs each receiving power from the plurality of electrical equipment, a plurality of secondary electrical reservoirs each receiving power from the first primary electrical reservoir, and a plurality of EV chargers each receiving power from the plurality of secondary electrical reservoirs.

[0041] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and further comprising a tertiary electrical reservoir that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir.

[0042] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging electric vehicles (EVs), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment receiving power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir receiving power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir receiving power from the primary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger receiving power from the secondary electrical reservoir, wherein the electrical equipment is a plurality of electrical equipment, the primary electrical reservoir is a plurality of primary electrical reservoirs each receiving power from the plurality of electrical equipment, the secondary electrical reservoir is a plurality of secondary electrical reservoirs each receiving power from the plurality of primary electrical reservoirs, and the EV charger is a plurality of EV chargers each receiving power from the plurality of secondary electrical reservoirs.

[0043] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging electric vehicles (EVs), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment receiving power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir receiving power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir receiving power from the primary electrical reservoir, a tertiary electrical reservoir receiving power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger receiving power from the tertiary electrical reservoir, wherein the electrical equipment is a plurality of electrical equipment, the primary electrical reservoir is a plurality of primary electrical reservoirs each receiving power from the plurality of electrical equipment, the secondary electrical reservoir is a plurality of secondary electrical reservoirs each receiving power from the plurality of primary electrical reservoirs, the tertiary electrical reservoir is a plurality of tertiary electrical reservoirs each receiving power from the plurality of secondary electrical reservoirs, and the EV charger is a plurality of EV chargers each receiving power from the plurality of tertiary electrical reservoirs.

[0044] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and further comprising an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical equipment and converts the AC power to DC power.

[0045] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir, further comprising an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical equipment and converts the AC power to DC power, and further comprising a first DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the AC-DC converter and converts the DC power to DC power for supplying DC power to the primary electrical reservoir.

[0046] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir, further comprising an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical equipment and converts the AC power to DC power, further comprising a first DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the AC-DC converter and converts the DC power to DC power for supplying DC power to the primary electrical reservoir, and further comprising a second DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the primary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power to DC power for supplying DC power to the secondary electrical reservoir.

[0047] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising, or consisting of, a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir; further comprising an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical equipment and converts the AC power to DC power; further comprising a first DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the AC-DC converter and converts the DC power to DC power for supplying DC power to the primary electrical reservoir; further comprising a second DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the primary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power to DC power for supplying DC power to the secondary electrical reservoir; and further comprising a third DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the secondary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power to DC power for supplying DC power to the EV charger.

[0048] The subject matter described herein is an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, an electrical equipment receiving power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir receiving power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir receiving power from the primary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger receiving power from the secondary electrical reservoir, the EV charging station further comprising an AC-DC power converter receiving AC power from the electrical equipment and converting the AC power to DC power, and a secondary electrical reservoir receiving DC power from the AC-DC converter and providing DC power to the primary electrical reservoir. the EV charger further comprises a fourth DC-DC power converter for converting the DC power to DC power for supplying the EV to the EV; a second DC-DC power converter for receiving DC power from the primary electrical reservoir and converting the DC power to DC power for supplying the DC power to the secondary electrical reservoir; and a third DC-DC power converter for receiving DC power from the secondary electrical reservoir and converting the DC power to DC power for supplying the DC power to the EV charger, the EV charger comprising: a fourth DC-DC power converter for converting the DC power to DC power for supplying the DC power to the EV.

[0049] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, a tertiary electrical reservoir that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the tertiary electrical reservoir, and further comprising an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical equipment and converts the AC power to DC power.

[0050] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment receiving power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir receiving power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir receiving power from the primary electrical reservoir, a tertiary electrical reservoir receiving power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger receiving power from the tertiary electrical reservoir, further comprising an AC-DC power converter receiving AC power from the electrical equipment and converting the AC power to DC power, and further comprising a first DC-DC power converter receiving DC power from the AC-DC converter and converting the DC power to DC power for supplying DC power to the primary electrical reservoir.

[0051] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, a tertiary electrical reservoir that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the tertiary electrical reservoir, further comprising an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical equipment and converts the AC power to DC power, further comprising a first DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the AC-DC converter and converts the DC power to DC power for supplying DC power to the primary electrical reservoir, and further comprising a second DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the primary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power to DC power for supplying DC power to the secondary electrical reservoir.

[0052] The subject matter described herein is an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising, or consisting of, a power source, electrical equipment receiving power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir receiving power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir receiving power from the primary electrical reservoir, a tertiary electrical reservoir receiving power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger receiving power from the tertiary electrical reservoir, and further comprising an AC-DC power converter receiving AC power from the electrical equipment and converting the AC power to DC power; The present invention is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station, further comprising: a first DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from an AC-DC converter and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to a primary electrical reservoir; a second DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the primary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to a secondary electrical reservoir; and a third DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the secondary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to a tertiary electrical reservoir.

[0053] The subject matter described herein is an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment receiving power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir receiving power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir receiving power from the primary electrical reservoir, a tertiary electrical reservoir receiving power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger receiving power from the tertiary electrical reservoir, the EV charging station further comprising an AC-DC power converter receiving AC power from the electrical equipment and converting the AC power to DC power, the AC-DC power converter receiving DC power from the AC-DC converter and converting the DC power to DC power for the primary electrical reservoir. The present invention is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station, further comprising a first DC-DC power converter that converts DC power from a primary electrical reservoir to DC power for supplying the primary electrical reservoir with power, further comprising a second DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from a secondary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to a tertiary electrical reservoir, further comprising a third DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the secondary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to a tertiary electrical reservoir, and further comprising a third DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the tertiary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to an EV charger.

[0054] The subject matter described herein is an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment receiving power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir receiving power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir receiving power from the primary electrical reservoir, a tertiary electrical reservoir receiving power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger receiving power from the tertiary electrical reservoir, and further comprising an AC-DC power converter receiving AC power from the electrical equipment and converting the AC power to DC power, a first DC-DC power converter receiving DC power from the AC-DC converter and converting the DC power to DC power for supplying DC power to the primary electrical reservoir. The present invention is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station, further comprising a DC power converter, further comprising a second DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the primary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the secondary electrical reservoir, further comprising a third DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the secondary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the tertiary electrical reservoir, and further comprising a third DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the tertiary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the EV charger, the EV charger comprising a fifth DC-DC power converter for converting the DC power into DC power for supplying the EV.

[0055] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir.

[0056] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, a tertiary electrical reservoir that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the tertiary electrical reservoir, wherein the primary electrical reservoir comprises a flow battery.

[0057] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir.

[0058] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, a tertiary electrical reservoir that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the tertiary electrical reservoir, wherein the primary electrical reservoir comprises a lithium-ion battery.

[0059] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir.

[0060] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, a tertiary electrical reservoir that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the tertiary electrical reservoir, wherein the primary electrical reservoir comprises a storage capacitor.

[0061] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir.

[0062] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, a tertiary electrical reservoir that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the tertiary electrical reservoir, the EV charging station being configured to selectively or simultaneously supply power for charging the EV from the power source, the primary electrical reservoir, and / or the secondary electrical reservoir.

[0063] The subject matter described herein is directed to an electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising or consisting of a power source, electrical equipment that receives power from the power source, a primary electrical reservoir that receives power from the electrical equipment, a secondary electrical reservoir that receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, a tertiary electrical reservoir that receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir, and a first EV charger that receives power from the tertiary electrical reservoir, the EV charging station being configured to selectively or simultaneously supply power for charging the EV from the power source, the primary electrical reservoir, the second electrical reservoir, and / or the tertiary electrical reservoir. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0064] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram of a fuel / electric station according to the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is another diagram of the fuel / electric station shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 3] 2 is a diagram of the structure and layout of the fuel / electric station shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 4] 2 is a diagram of the construction and arrangement of a fuel / electric station, such as for use with the fuel / electric station shown in FIG. 1, or a portable fuel / electric station, such as for use in remote locations. [Figure 5] Diagram of a flow battery for use in a fuel / electric station as shown in Figures 1-3. [Figure 6] 1 is a flowchart illustrating the flow of power from an electrical reservoir (e.g., a flow battery, a lithium-ion battery, a storage capacitor, a fuel cell) to a fuel / electric pump (e.g., an EV pump, an EV charger, and / or a fuel pump). [Figure 7] 1 is a side view of a fuel / electric pump according to the present invention; [Figure 8] Diagram showing power sharing for charging an EV from a power source and an electric reservoir. [Figure 9] Diagram showing power sharing for charging an EV from the fuel / electric pump's electric reservoir and / or lithium-ion battery. [Figure 10] 1 is a flow chart showing the flow of power from an electrical reservoir (e.g., flow battery, lithium ion battery, storage capacitor, fuel cell) to a fuel / electric pump with a fuel pump and EV charger. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a side view of a fuel / electric pump according to the present invention including a fuel pump and an EV charger. [Figure 12] 1 is a diagram illustrating power sharing for charging an EV from a power source (e.g., a power grid) and an electric reservoir. [Figure 13] Diagram showing power sharing for charging an EV from the fuel / electric pump's electric reservoir and the lithium-ion battery. [Figure 14-1] 1 is a diagram illustrating a fuel / electric station with multiple (eg, four) modular power subunits. [Figure 14-2] 1 is a diagram illustrating a fuel / electric station with multiple (eg, four) modular power subunits. [Figure 15] Diagram of the fuel / electric station shown in Figure 1 extended with an additional electric reservoir. [Figure 16]1 is a flowchart illustrating the flow of power from an electrical reservoir (e.g., flow battery, lithium ion battery, storage capacitor, fuel cell) to a secondary electrical reservoir (e.g., battery, lithium ion battery, storage capacitor, fuel cell) of a fuel / electric pump (e.g., EV pump, EV charger, and / or fuel pump), and then to a tertiary electrical reservoir (e.g., battery, lithium ion battery, storage capacitor, fuel cell). [Figure 17] 1 is a block diagram of a communication system for a fuel / electric station for communicating with an electric vehicle during charging, in accordance with the present invention; [Figure 18] 17 is a diagram of a communication interface of the communication system shown in FIG. 16. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0065] A fuel / electric station 10 (e.g., gasoline / electric station) in accordance with the present invention is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The fuel / electric station 10 is constructed, arranged, and designed to dispense fuel (e.g., gas, diesel, propane, liquid propane, hydrogen) and charge electric vehicles (EVs).

[0066] The fuel / electric station 10 includes a plurality of fuel / electric pumps 12 (e.g., gasoline pumps). Each of the fuel / electric pumps 12 includes an electric vehicle charger or EV charger for charging EVs and a fuel pump for refueling fuel-type vehicles (e.g., gasoline, diesel, gas, propane, liquid propane, hydrogen). Each of the fuel / electric pumps 12 can include, for example, within the housing or compartment(s) of the fuel / electric pump 12, electrical components such as electrical components for charging EVs (e.g., EV charger, DC-DC converter, battery, lithium-ion battery, storage capacitor, fuel cell) and electrical components for refueling conventional fuel-type vehicles (e.g., having an internal combustion engine) (e.g., fuel pump, fuel gauge, fuel filter, electrical controls). The fuel / electric pumps 12 can include cooling equipment (e.g., fans, chillers, refrigeration circulation systems) for removing heat from the housing, compartment, and electrical components.

[0067] 1 in two rows of three fuel / electric pumps 12 in each row, however, more or fewer fuel / electric pumps 12 may be provided in a row or there may be more or fewer rows.

[0068] 7 , each fuel / electric pump 12 includes a display 14, a charging cable 16A with an electrical connector 16B configured for hooking up and charging an EV, a gas hose 18A with an attached gas nozzle 18B, a DC-DC converter 60, a current limiter 61, and an internal lithium-ion battery 19 (e.g., a battery, multiple batteries, a storage capacitor, or a fuel cell). Alternatively, fuel / electric pumps 12 can be constructed or configured as electric pumps configured only to charge EVs (i.e., a "charge-only" pump), or as fuel pumps configured only to pump fuel (i.e., a "fill-only" pump). The fuel pump (e.g., a gasoline pump) can be separate from the electric pump that comprises or consists of the EV charger at various locations and / or positions on the fuel / electric station 10 site.

[0069] Again, the illustrated fuel / electric pump 12 includes components or parts for both gas pumping and EV charging. For example, the fuel / electric pump 12 may include a lithium-ion battery 19, a storage capacitor, a fuel cell, an electronic controller configured to control the voltage and current supplied to the electric vehicle (EV) by the lithium-ion battery 19, fuel pump components, and / or safety electronics (e.g., stop all dispensing, stop EV charging, stop fuel pumping, activate halon fire suppression system, suppress electrical sparks, operational lockout detection, and controls for a "fuel fill only" fill mode or a "charge only" charge mode).

[0070] 1 and 2 may be modified by replacing the illustrated bank of fuel / electric pumps 12 with one or more banks of "fuel fill only" pumps and "charging only" pumps that are physically spaced apart for safety reasons (e.g., to prevent fuel vapors and potential electrical sparks near electrical equipment). However, fuel / electric pumps 12 may be configured or designed to provide electrical spark suppression, high-level electrical grounding, redundant electrical grounding, separate compartments or containment structures for separate gas and electrical operations, vent or air or gas (e.g., nitrogen) circulation pumps, fans, and / or refrigeration to allow both gas and electrical operation within the same fuel / electric pump 12. Again, fuel / electric pumps 12 may be configured or designed to allow only one mode of operation at a time, for example, with a pause between operations to allow the vent or circulation pump to purge any remaining fuel or fuel vapor to the atmosphere after the gas operating mode.

[0071] Fuel / electric station 10 includes an underground fuel storage tank 20 connected to each fuel / electric pump 12 via a main fuel supply line 22 that connects to and supplies each fuel line 24 (i.e., a fuel distribution arrangement and system). Fuel / electric station 10 further includes an underground electric reservoir 26 connected to each fuel / electric pump 12 via a main power line 28 that connects to and supplies each electrical line 30 (i.e., a power distribution arrangement and system). Fuel / electric station 10 is expected to provide high-speed charging of electric vehicles (e.g., configured to charge an electric vehicle (EV) in 5 to 15 minutes) in a time frame similar to that for filling a vehicle with fuel.

[0072] 1 and 2, the fuel / electric station 10 may be provided with multiple fuel tanks 20 and / or multiple electric reservoirs 26 to meet larger and / or peak demands. For example, the fuel / electric station may comprise or consist of multiple power sub-units, each with an electric reservoir and multiple fuel / electric pumps 12.

[0073] Electrical reservoir 26 may be an apparatus or device configured to store large amounts of electrical power. For example, electrical reservoir 26 may be a battery, a flow battery, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-ion battery array (e.g., a stacked battery), a storage capacitor (e.g., an ultracapacitor), and / or a fuel cell. For example, electrical reservoir 26 may be a large flow battery or multiple lithium-ion batteries (e.g., located adjacent to fuel / electric pump 12, located inside the fuel / electric pump, and configured to fast charge EVs). Electrical reservoir 26 may be designed, configured, and sized to meet demand based on a projected number of EVs to be charged on hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly schedules.

[0074] The electrical reservoir 26 is supplied with power via underground power lines 32 connected to an electrical installation 34 (e.g., an electrical installation panel), located, for example, in a store 36. A high power utility line 38 supplies power from a power source 40 (e.g., a power grid, a generating station, a transmission line, a power transmission station(s), a generator(s), a fuel-fired generator(s), a solar panel(s), a wind turbine(s)). A power meter 35 (located, for example, on the side of the store 36) may be provided to meter the input power from the power source 40.

[0075] Additionally, an electronic controller 41 may be provided on the power line 32 to control charging of the electric reservoir 26 via the power line 32. For example, the electronic controller 41 may be a component or part of the electric reservoir 26 or a separate component or part (e.g., located on the premises of the fuel / electric station 10). For example, the electronic controller 41 may be a programmable electronic controller.

[0076] 1 and 3, an AC / DC converter 43 may be provided on the power line 32 to convert input AC power via the power line 32 to DC power for charging the electric reservoir 26. For example, the AC / DC converter 43 may be a component or part of the electric reservoir 26 or a separate component or part (e.g., located on the premises of the fuel / electric station 10).

[0077] The electric reservoir 26 can be charged in a variety of ways. For example, the electric reservoir 26 can be continuously charged, intermittently charged, variably charged, charged on demand, and / or charged according to a program or algorithm. For example, a charging strategy may be to charge the electric reservoir 26 in a manner that reduces or minimizes demand (e.g., avoiding peak demand on the power source 40) while meeting the demand for charging a predicted number of electric vehicles throughout a daily schedule. The program or algorithm can be configured to learn and store data regarding the amount of demand at a given time on each particular day throughout the year, seasons (e.g., summer, fall, winter, and spring), and holidays to update and improve predictions of future demand.

[0078] Charging the electric reservoir 26 may involve continuously charging the electric reservoir 26 at a uniform or varying rate. Alternatively, the electric reservoir 26 may be charged intermittently at a fixed rate and / or may be charged at different rates for different periods of time. In any event, the intent is to construct and position the fuel / electric station 10 to provide sufficient power availability to always meet peak demand for charging EVs at the fuel / electric station 10 while minimizing peak power demand on the power source 40.

[0079] The fuel / electric station 10 can be mounted with a power unit 126, 226 at another operation (e.g., at another location, e.g., a remotely located lot) as shown in Figures 1-3 and / or Figure 4. The illustrated power unit 126, 226 is constructed and arranged to provide charging only. However, the unit 126, 226 can be modified to provide both refueling for conventional fuel type vehicles or charging for EVs. The power unit 126, 226 can be connected to and powered by, for example, the electrical distribution board 34 of the fuel / electric station 10.

[0080] The portable power unit 126, 226 may be a portable power unit. For example, a 20-foot mobile storage container may be fitted with one charge-only pump 12, and a 40-foot mobile storage container may be fitted with two charge-only pumps 12. The portable power unit 126, 226 may be transported to a site (e.g., a new station location, a local station location, a remote station location) and plugged in to begin operation. The portable power unit 126, 226 may be particularly useful for providing temporary operation, remote operation, and for providing low-cost, reusable, or relocatable operation.

[0081] The electrical reservoir 26 shown in Figures 1-3 can be, for example, a flow battery 50 shown in Figure 5. Specifically, the flow battery 50 can be constructed, configured, and / or designed for use as the electrical reservoir 26 in the fuel / electricity station 10 shown in Figures 1-3 or as the portable power units 126 and 226 shown in Figure 3.

[0082] Flow battery 50 comprises, for example, an AQDS / AQDSH electrolyte storage tank with a circulation pump and an HBr / Br electrolyte storage tank with another circulation pump along with a pair of spaced apart porous carbon electrodes separated by a proton exchange membrane. Flow battery 50 is connected to a power supply cable 32 (power source) and a main power cable 22 that runs to a fuel / electric pump 12 for power supply.

[0083] 6, at least one DC-DC converter 60 may receive power from the electrical reservoir 26 and provide power to the fuel / electric pump 12. The converter 60 may be a component or part of the electrical reservoir 26 and / or a component or part of the fuel / electric pump 12.

[0084] flow battery Again, the electrical reservoir 26 can be one or more flow batteries 50. The open circuit voltage of a redox flow battery cell stack, like other batteries, is directly proportional to the number of stacks in series.

[0085] To charge the EV battery, the voltage provided by the flow battery 50 must be adjustable to the level at which the EV battery needs to be charged (e.g., it may assume several different intermediate levels during the charging process). Following the flow battery, a properly designed DC-DC converter 60 (e.g., housed in the fuel / electric pump 12 as shown in FIG. 7) with appropriate sensing and feedback mechanisms provides the desired voltage to charge the EV battery. For example, a Tesla Model S has a battery voltage of approximately 350 Vdc.

[0086] The voltage available from the electrical reservoir 26 (e.g., flow battery 50) itself depends on its configuration (i.e., number of cells in a stack, number of stacks in series). For example, the following was demonstrated using a vanadium flow battery installed in 2009 that included three cell stacks with 40 cells in each stack. The stacks were electrically connected in series, thereby providing a potential of approximately 165 V (Riso National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy Report, Riso-R-1753(EN), February 2011, Technical University of Denmark).

[0087] This voltage can be increased by adding more cell stacks in series. Another way to increase the voltage to the desired charge level is to use a power electronic boost converter in the DC-DC converter 60 present in the fuel / electric pump 12. The choice of topology to reach the desired charge voltage depends on the economics of each option and the physical space (real estate) each option requires.

[0088] The output voltage of the DC-DC converter 60 depends on the EV model being charged, which may have widely different battery voltages or charge port form factors. It is believed that the DC-DC converter power electronics can provide the required voltage levels for a particular range of battery voltages. If the EV battery voltage requirements exceed what a single DC-DC converter 60 design can provide, or if the charge port form factor is entirely different, it may be necessary to provide a different pump type 212 that interfaces with the same electrical reservoir 26 (e.g., flow battery 50).

[0089] Any EV battery must be charged at a current level recommended by its manufacturer, which must not exceed a maximum current level to protect the EV battery and limit voltage drop in the cable connecting to the EV's charging input port. The current limiting function in the DC-DC converter 60 provides that protection.

[0090] If the output voltage of the electrical reservoir 26 (e.g., flow battery 50) is higher than the EV battery voltage, the DC-DC converter 60 will be of the "buck" type, consisting of power electronic switches of either MOSFET or IGBT type. Due to the high currents involved during fast charging, it may be preferable to operate the switches using a low-loss switching approach, such as "zero voltage switching" and synchronous rectification. The DC-DC converter 60 then simply consists of power electronic switches arranged in a "half-bridge" followed by a current limiter 61 (e.g., an LC filter) to reduce the voltage ripple caused by the power electronic switching mechanism.

[0091] When the output voltage of the electrical reservoir 26 (e.g., flow battery 50) is lower than or close to the EV battery voltage, the DC-DC converter 60 has a first "boost" stage, followed by a "DC link" capacitor, followed by a "buck" stage and an LC filter. The "boost" stage steps up the voltage available from the flow battery to a higher voltage, which is then downconverted to the EV battery voltage required during the charging process. The operation of both the boost and buck stages is again performed while minimizing converter losses.

[0092] The AC-DC power converter 43, located after the AC power source 40 feeding the distribution panel 40 or cable 32, can incorporate a rectifier 62 stage followed by a DC-DC converter 64 stage. The rectifier 62 stage is required to convert the AC voltage to a DC voltage. The DC-DC converter 64 or converter stage is required to convert the rectified (DC) voltage to the electrical reservoir 26 voltage as required during the charging process. The rectifier stage is typically a full-bridge "controlled rectifier" type implemented using MOSFET or IGBT type switches. The rectifier stage is controlled to achieve "power factor correction" on the AC side to meet the power quality requirements set by the utility. The DC-DC converter 64 stage may be a "buck" type or a "boost" followed by a "buck" type, depending on whether the flow battery voltage is lower or higher than the rectified voltage, respectively. The DC-DC converter 64 stage may include an LC filter 66 to remove voltage ripple caused by the power electronics switching mechanism. Again, the power electronic switches must operate to minimize losses.

[0093] EV power pump high energy cable The high-energy cable 16A (Figure 7) of the fuel / electric pump 12 is capable of safely delivering 350 KW of power to charge an electric vehicle. To manage this much power, a large copper cable must be used. Power is a combination of voltage and current. Today's electric vehicles are being built with batteries as high as 350-400 VDC. In the future, this voltage will become higher to support longer driving ranges as well as faster speeds. Charging currents are expected to be 400-500 amps to allow for successful fast charging.

[0094] The charging cable must be constructed using a diameter of 0000 AWG (approximately 0.5 inches diameter) or larger to handle the required charging current. The interface to the vehicle must also be a large conductor. One large cable or two smaller cables can be used to provide the required power delivery. The advantage of two cables is that it simplifies the connection between the EV power pump and the EV. The connection of the two cables can also be used as a safety key for the charging process. More specifically, the EV power pump must detect a solid connection of both conductors to allow the charging process to begin. An "electronic safety key / lock" is also used to ensure that the connection to the pump is a valid EV ready to charge. This safety key may be part of the pump safety software, and the EV must provide a valid response to enable the pump. In this way, the pump will never turn on high power to the cable unless it safely and definitively determines that a valid EV is connected and ready to charge.

[0095] The conductor between the EV power pump and the EV must be made of a highly conductive heavy-gauge metal such as copper or silver and must be of a low-corrosion type. The connector at the end of the high-energy cable 16A must have no exposed metal parts for safety purposes, and if two cables are used, the cables must be interchangeable or keyed so that they cannot be improperly inserted or connected.

[0096] The use of highly conductive cables and contacts ensures minimal energy loss during the critical charging process. It is very important that maximum energy (i.e. power x time) is delivered during the charging process.

[0097] Charge interruption safety is also provided to protect against accidents where the vehicle attempts to start during the charging process, or against environmental incidents such as earthquakes. An inhibit signal is provided from the pump that the EV manufacturer can use to prevent the EV from starting during the charging process. However, in case the cable is accidentally pulled from the pump during the charging process, the pump will detect this condition and cut off power so that it is not available to the outside world.

[0098] For safety purposes, a master shut-off lever is also provided to turn off power from the battery reservoir.

[0099] maximum power sharing A high-speed electric vehicle charging station and system according to the present invention can include maximum power sharing between charging the energy reservoir and charging the EV, as shown in FIG.

[0100] If the electrical reservoir 26 used is a redox flow battery 50, it cannot be charged while delivering power to the output, as the pump flow would change direction accordingly. Because of this limitation, it is possible to utilize excess power that would normally be used to charge the redox flow battery to help charge the actual EV.

[0101] This feature allows relay switching to select the charging target. The redox battery can be selected to continuously charge the EV while it is in the pump. As soon as the EV is ready to charge, the system can switch the selection to provide maximum charging to the EV by delivering power that was going to the energy reservoir to the EV.

[0102] It should be noted that the charger 43' (FIG. 8) may comprise the AC-DC power converter 43 shown in FIG. 1 as well as other electrical components or parts for configuring the charger 43' to charge the electrical reservoir 26. Alternatively, the charger 43' may be a different type of charger compared to the AC-to-DC power converter 43.

[0103] This type of feature can be applied to the fuel / electric pump 12 as well, as shown in Figure 9. DC power from the electrical reservoir 26 is directed to a DC-DC converter 60. The DC-DC power from the DC-DC converter 60 can be selectively used to charge the lithium ion battery 19, or can be used to charge an EV being charged by the fuel / electric pump 12. Alternatively, power from the DC-DC converter 60 and the lithium ion battery 19 can be used simultaneously to charge an EV, with the switching arrangement shown in Figure 9.

[0104] The features of FIGS. 8 and 9 may be separate or may be incorporated together into the fuel / electric station 10.

[0105] Fuel / Electric Pump The fuel / electric station 10 includes a plurality of fuel / electric pumps 12. The fuel / electric pumps 12 can be configured in at least three basic modes, including: 1) a configuration for both EV charging and fuel filling, 2) a configuration for EV charging only, and 3) a configuration for fuel filling only.

[0106] 10 to 13, the fuel / electric pump 12 includes an EV charger 12A. The EV charger 12A includes electrical components for charging the EV, such as a DC-DC converter.

[0107] Modular Power Subunits The fuel / electric station 10 includes one or more modular power subunits. For example, the fuel / electric station 10 includes four modular power subunits 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D as shown in FIG. 14 . The modular power subunits are configured to allow one or more additional modular power subunits to be added or installed in the fuel / electric station 10 to increase the charging capacity of the fuel / electric station. For example, the fuel / electric station 10 may include one or more modular power subunits (e.g., 1 to 100 modular power subunits 2 installed in one or more fuel / electric station 10 located at one or more interconnected locations). For example, many modular power subunits may be provided to a single parking lot or interconnected parking lots to accommodate the charging of a large number or a group of electric vehicles.

[0108] The modular power subunits 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D may be powered by one or more power sources (e.g., one or more power lines from a power grid, a power plant, a generator, a solar panel, a wind turbine, a power storage facility, or a device). For example, the modular power subunits 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D may be powered by four power sources 40A, 40B, 40C, 40D as shown in FIG. 14, which may be the same or different power sources.

[0109] The four modular power sub-units 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D are each provided with separate electrical equipment 34A, 34B, 34C, 34D, as shown in FIG.

[0110] For example, modular power subunits 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D may comprise or consist of one or more electrical reservoirs. In Figure 14, modular power subunits 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D each comprise electrical reservoirs 26A, 26B, 26C, and 26D. For example, fuel / electric pumps 12A, 12B, 12C, and 12D each comprise a lithium-ion battery 19 (Figure 11).

[0111] For example, the modular subunits may be provided with various AC-DC and DC-DC converters to condition power to particular components or parts of the fuel / electric station 10. For example, a DC-DC converter may be provided upstream of each electrical reservoir to condition charging power for that particular electrical reservoir.

[0112] Multi-level electrical reservoir The fuel / electric station 10 may include one or more electrical reservoirs. For example, the fuel / electric station 10 may include a primary electrical reservoir 26-1 and a secondary electrical reservoir 26-2, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. As a further example, the fuel / electric station 10 may include a primary electrical reservoir 26-1, a secondary electrical reservoir 26-2, and a tertiary electrical reservoir 26-3, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. Additional tier(s) of electrical reservoirs (e.g., four or more) may be provided in the fuel / electric station 10 to provide the fuel / electric station 10 with additional power storage capacity, power redundancy, and power switching of one or more electrical reservoirs to a particular fuel / electric pump 12. For example, various electrical reservoirs may be turned on, singly or in combination, for a particular fuel / electric pump 12 to meet the charging needs of that particular fuel / electric pump 12 and all other fuel / electric pumps in use. A computer control system is provided to monitor the demand at each fuel / electric pump 12 and switch appropriate power to meet the demand at each fuel / electric pump 12, for example, at programmed times or in real time.

[0113] communication Communication is required between the EV charger and the vehicle. Several communication standards have already been created for the EV industry, including IEC 61851-21, IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24, ISO 15118, and PLC.

[0114] Hardware and software are integrated to support one or more of these standards to enable the proper handshake between the EV charger and the vehicle. This hardware / software supports digital communication, the digitally encoded information exchanged between the DC EV charging station and the EV, and the method by which this is exchanged.

[0115] The digital communication between a DC EV charging station (eg, fuel / electric station 10) and an electric vehicle for control of DC charging is shown in FIG.

[0116] An example of a schematic block diagram of system A is shown in Figure 18. An interface circuit between the station for charging control and the electric vehicle is provided for digital communication with the vehicle.

Claims

1. 1. An electric vehicle (EV) charging station for charging an electric vehicle (EV), the EV charging station comprising: a plurality of electrical reservoirs for storing electrical power received from the electrical equipment; Multiple EV chargers, a power switch configured to switch power from one or more of the plurality of electrical reservoirs to a particular one of the plurality of EV chargers; a control system configured to monitor demands of the plurality of EV chargers and control switching of power from one or more of the plurality of electric reservoirs to the particular one of the plurality of EV chargers to meet charging demands at each of the plurality of EV chargers; Equipped with The electric vehicle charging station, wherein the plurality of electrical reservoirs comprises a primary electrical reservoir, a secondary electrical reservoir, and a tertiary electrical reservoir.

2. An electric vehicle charging station as described in claim 1, wherein the primary electrical reservoir receives power from the electrical equipment, the secondary electrical reservoir receives power from the primary electrical reservoir, and the tertiary electrical reservoir receives power from the secondary electrical reservoir.

3. An electric vehicle charging station as described in claim 2, wherein the electrical equipment is a plurality of electrical equipment, the primary electrical reservoirs are a plurality of primary electrical reservoirs that respectively receive power from the plurality of electrical equipment, the secondary electrical reservoirs are a plurality of secondary electrical reservoirs that respectively receive power from the plurality of primary electrical reservoirs, and the tertiary electrical reservoirs are a plurality of tertiary electrical reservoirs that respectively receive power from the plurality of secondary electrical reservoirs.

4. An electric vehicle charging station as described in claim 2, further comprising an AC-DC power converter that receives AC power from the electrical equipment and converts the AC power to DC power.

5. An electric vehicle charging station as described in claim 4, further comprising a second DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the primary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the secondary electrical reservoir.

6. The electric vehicle charging station of claim 5, further comprising a third DC-DC power converter that receives DC power from the secondary electrical reservoir and converts the DC power into DC power for supplying DC power to the tertiary electrical reservoir.

7. An electric vehicle charging station as described in claim 1, wherein one or more of the plurality of electric reservoirs comprises a flow battery.

8. An electric vehicle charging station as described in claim 1, wherein one or more of the plurality of electric reservoirs comprises a lithium ion battery.

9. The electric vehicle charging station of claim 1, wherein one or more of the plurality of electrical reservoirs comprises a storage capacitor.

Images