generator

Abstract

The generator comprises a pair of coaxially aligned rotors including an inner rotor disposed within an outer rotor that combine to form a magnetic field and armature pair. A first prime mover and a second prime mover rotate the rotors in opposite relative directions such that electricity is generated from the relative rotation of the magnetic field and armature. A first flywheel and a second flywheel are connected to the rotors for co-rotation or are integral with the rotors. Each flywheel has a magnetic circumference. One or more magnetic supports are disposed relative to the circumference to exert at least one vertically acting magnetic force relative to the circumference to support the weight of the flywheel. A pair of magnetic stabilizers are disposed on respective opposing sides of each flywheel. The stabilizers exert opposing horizontally acting magnetic forces relative to the circumference of the flywheel to stabilize the flywheel against lateral movement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to power generation, and more particularly, to a generator for generating power having a pair of counter-rotating rotors.

Background Art

[0002] A generator is an electromechanical device for generating power. A generator for generating alternating current (AC) electricity is often called an alternator and typically includes a rotor that is rotated about an axis relative to a stationary stator by a prime mover, such as a diesel engine. The stator includes magnets, and the rotor includes field coils. The rotor rotates relative to the magnetic field of the stator to provide an armature that induces AC power in the field coils of the armature.

[0003] The frequency and voltage of the AC power generated by an alternator depend on the rotational speed of the rotor relative to the stator. Since the stator is stationary, if it is necessary to generate a higher voltage and frequency, the rotor must be rotated at a higher rotational speed by the prime mover. Similarly, the voltage generated by a DC generator corresponds to the speed at which the rotor of the generator is rotated by the associated prime mover.

[0004] To achieve a higher rotor speed in a generator, a more powerful prime mover must be used to drive the rotor of the generator, which can lead to inefficiencies in operations. In situations where multiple prime movers, such as multiple wind turbines, are available, a gear mechanism must be used to mechanically transmit the combined torque generated by the prime movers to the rotor of the generator, which can lead to further inefficiencies in operations. Further, if the rotor needs to rotate at a high rotational speed over a long period of time, this can lead to wear and failure of the components of the generator. The bearing assembly that supports the axle of the rotor is particularly likely to experience significant wear when the rotor is rotating at a high rotational speed.

[0005] Generators also generally need to produce a smooth output current at a specific desired frequency and / or voltage. For example, AC generators used in power plants to supply power to grid networks typically must generate power at a constant frequency of 50 or 60 hertz (Hz) (the so-called "commercial frequency"). Adjusting the output frequency of large-capacity AC generators using electronic means such as variable frequency drives is inefficient and often impossible. Therefore, the output frequency is generally adjusted using a mechanical governor mechanism that controls the rotor speed of the generator. For example, in a hydroelectric power plant, the rotational speed of each hydroelectric turbine is adjusted by controlling the flow rate of water flowing into the turbine. In a wind farm, the speed of each wind turbine is adjusted by reactively changing the angle of the turbine blades in relation to the current wind direction and speed. Achieving a smooth output frequency using such a mechanical governor system is difficult. For example, if the speed and / or direction of the wind powering the wind turbine changes suddenly, the angle of the turbine blades must be quickly adjusted to compensate for the change in wind. There is inevitably a delay between the time when the change in wind is detected and when the turbine blades are adjusted accordingly. The rotational speed of the turbine rotor deviates from its desired speed while the turbine blades are being adjusted. This results in fluctuations in the generator's output frequency, which are undesirable for the grid network and many other electrical loads.

[0006] The foregoing discussion of the background technology is intended solely to facilitate understanding of the present invention. The discussion does not acknowledge or accept that any of the materials mentioned are, or were part of, common general knowledge as of the priority date of this application. [Overview of the project] [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] According to the present invention, a generator is provided, and the generator is, A first rotor and a second rotor, coaxially aligned and comprising an outer rotor and an inner rotor, wherein the inner rotor is positioned within the outer rotor, and the rotors, when combined, form a pair of magnetic fields and armatures for power generation. To rotate the rotor in opposite relative directions such that electricity is generated from the relative rotation between the magnetic field and the armature, a first prime mover and a second prime mover are independently connected to the first rotor and the second rotor, respectively. A first flywheel and a second flywheel, each connected to or integrated with the first rotor and the second rotor, respectively, so as to rotate together with the first rotor and the second rotor, wherein each flywheel has a magnetized circumference, and each flywheel has One or more magnetic supports arranged on the circumference to exert at least one perpendicular magnetic force on the circumference in order to support the weight of the flywheel, A pair of magnetic stabilizers positioned on opposite sides of the flywheel, wherein the pair of magnetic stabilizers exert opposing horizontally acting magnetic forces on the circumference in order to prevent lateral movement of the flywheel and stabilize the flywheel. A first flywheel and a second flywheel are provided. It is equipped with.

[0008] The circumference may have a magnetic polarity that matches the magnetic polarity of the inner surface, such that the circumference is repelled by a pair of repulsive forces from the inner surface of the stabilizer facing the flywheel.

[0009] The stabilizer may be mounted on an adjustable support that allows the horizontal position of each of the inwardly positioned surfaces to be adjusted relative to the circumference in order to change the magnitude of each of the rebound forces.

[0010] The stabilizer may include an electromagnet. The electromagnet may be powered by the electricity generated by the generator.

[0011] The magnetic support may include a first magnetic support positioned below the flywheel, the magnetic polarity of the first magnetic support matching the magnetic polarity of the circumference such that the circumference is repelled from the first magnetic support.

[0012] The magnetic support may include a second magnetic support positioned above the flywheel, the magnetic polarity of the second magnetic support being opposite to the magnetic polarity of the circumference such that the circumference is attracted to the second magnetic support.

[0013] The magnetic support may be mounted on an adjustable support that allows the respective vertical position of the magnetic support with respect to the circumference to be changed.

[0014] The first rotor and the second rotor may each be provided with a first drive axle and a second drive axle. The first motor and the second motor may each be provided with a first drive shaft and a second drive shaft connected to the first drive axle and the second drive axle, respectively, for rotating the rotors in the opposite relative directions.

[0015] The first drive shaft and the second drive shaft may be directly connected axially to the first drive axle and the second drive axle, respectively.

[0016] The first drive shaft and the second drive shaft may be indirectly connected to the first drive axle and the second drive axle, respectively, by a pulley wheel and a drive belt configuration.

[0017] The outer rotor may provide the magnetic field, and the inner rotor may provide the armature.

[0018] The generator may include a slip ring assembly provided on the drive axle of the inner rotor.

[0019] The generator may include a slip ring assembly comprising a pair of conductive rings extending concentrically around the rotation axis of the second flywheel of the flywheel.

[0020] The outer rotor may include a substantially cylindrical hollow drum, and the first flywheel of the flywheel may be mounted on the outward-facing surface of the drum.

[0021] The first flywheel of the flywheel may include an annular disc that extends circumferentially around the outward-facing surface of the drum.

[0022] The second flywheel of the flywheel may be mounted on the drive axle of the inner rotor such that it has the same weight as the first flywheel of the flywheel and is positioned laterally offset from the drum.

[0023] The generator may include a pair of permanent magnets connected to the first flywheel of the flywheel and a pair of field coils connected to the second flywheel of the flywheel, wherein a current is induced in the field coils by the relative rotation between the permanent magnets and the field coils.

[0024] The generator may include a third rotor, the inner rotor and the outer rotor being arranged inside the third rotor and coaxially aligned with the third rotor, the third rotor being connected to the drive axle such that the third rotor rotates together with the inner rotor by the drive axle of the inner rotor in a relative direction opposite to that of the outer rotor, and the third rotor and the outer rotor together form a pair of magnetic field and armature for power generation.

[0025] The prime mover may include a pair of hydraulic turbines or a pair of wind turbines.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0026] Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Figure 1] It is a plan view of a generator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in a partially exploded cross-sectional form. [Figure 2] It is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in a partially exploded cross-sectional form. [Figure 3] It is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in a partial cross-section. [Figure 4] It is a side view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in a partially exploded form. [Figure 5] It is an exploded view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] It is an exploded view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in a partial cross-section. [Figure 7] It is a side view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in a partial cross-section. [Figure 8] It is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in a partially exploded cross-sectional form. [Figure 9] It is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in a partial cross-section. [Figure 10] It is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in a partially exploded form. [Figure 11] It is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in a partially exploded form. [Figure 12] It is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in a partially exploded form. [Figure 13] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled form. [Figure 14] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled form. [Figure 15] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled form. [Figure 16] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled cross-sectional view. [Figure 17] This is a side view of a flywheel included in the present invention. [Figure 18] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially cross-sectional view. [Figure 19] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled cross-sectional view. [Figure 20] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled cross-sectional view. [Figure 21] This is an exploded plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 22] This is an exploded plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 23] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled cross-sectional view. [Figure 24] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled cross-sectional view. [Figure 25] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled cross-sectional view. [Figure 26] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled cross-sectional view. [Figure 27]This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled cross-sectional view. [Figure 28] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled cross-sectional view. [Figure 29] Figure 28 is a further plan view of the generator. [Figure 30] Figure 28 is a side view of the pair of flywheels of the generator. [Figure 31] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled cross-sectional view. [Figure 32] Figure 31 is a plan view of the pair of flywheels of the generator. [Figure 33] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled cross-sectional view. [Figure 34] Figure 33 is a plan view of the pair of flywheels of the generator. [Figure 35] This is a plan view of a generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown in a partially disassembled cross-sectional view. [Figure 36] This is a plan view of a generator and motor configuration in which the motor is constructed using the generator principle disclosed herein. [Figure 37] Figure 36 is a plan view of the generator and motor configuration, in which the motor and generator are connected to each other in an alternative manner. [Figure 38] This is a plan view of an electric motor, shown in a partially disassembled cross-sectional configuration. [Figure 39] This is a plan view of a further generator and motor configuration in which the electric motor is constructed using the generator principle disclosed herein. [Figure 40] Further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown, including generators in disassembled, partially disassembled, or undisassembled forms. [Figure 41]Further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown, including generators in disassembled, partially disassembled, or undisassembled forms. [Figure 42] Further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown, including generators in disassembled, partially disassembled, or undisassembled forms. [Figure 43] Further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown, including generators in disassembled, partially disassembled, or undisassembled forms. [Figure 44] Further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown, including generators in disassembled, partially disassembled, or undisassembled forms. [Figure 45] Further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown, including a wind turbine generator, where the generator is shown in a disassembled, partially disassembled, or undisassembled form. [Figure 46] Further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown, including a wind turbine generator, where the generator is shown in a disassembled, partially disassembled, or undisassembled form. [Figure 47] Further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown, including a wind turbine generator, where the generator is shown in a disassembled, partially disassembled, or undisassembled form. [Figure 48] Further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown, including a wind turbine generator, where the generator is shown in a disassembled, partially disassembled, or undisassembled form. [Figure 49] Further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown, including generators in disassembled, partially disassembled, or undisassembled forms. [Figure 50] Further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown, including generators in disassembled, partially disassembled, or undisassembled forms. [Figure 51]A hydroelectric generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0027] Referring to Figure 1, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a generator 10 comprising a first rotor 12 and a second rotor 14. The two rotors are coaxially aligned and comprise an outer rotor 12 and an inner rotor 14, the inner rotor 14 being located within the outer rotor 12. The two rotors 12, 14 combine to form a magnetic field and armature pair for power generation. The generator 10 also comprises a first prime mover 20 and a second prime mover 22. The two prime movers 20, 22 are independently connected to the first rotor and the second rotor 12, 14, respectively, so as to rotate the rotors 12, 14 in opposite relative directions, and so as to generate electricity through the relative rotation of the magnetic field and armature.

[0028] The generator 10 also includes a first flywheel 16 and a second flywheel 18. The first and second flywheels 16 and 18 are connected to the first and second rotors 12 and 14 so as to rotate together with the first and second rotors 12 and 14, respectively. As shown in Figure 17, each flywheel 16 and 18 has a magnetized circumference 60 and is provided with one or more magnetic supports 62 and 64 positioned relative to the circumference 60, which exert at least one perpendicularly acting magnetic force relative to the circumference 60 to support the weight of the flywheels 16 and 18. Each flywheel 16 and 18 is also provided with a pair of magnetic stabilizers 66 positioned on each of the opposing sides of the flywheel 16 and 18. The stabilizers 66 exert a horizontally acting magnetic force relative to the circumference 60 to stabilize and hinder the lateral movement of the flywheels 16 and 18 in use.

[0029] More specifically, in the example shown in Figure 1, the outer rotor 12 comprises a substantially cylindrical hollow drum, and the corresponding flywheel 16 of the outer rotor 12 comprises a substantially annular assembly extending circumferentially around the outward cylindrical surface of the drum. The outer rotor 12 may also include a magnet 24 mounted on the inward surface of the drum. The magnet 24 may be substantially annular in shape and extend circumferentially around the inward surface of the drum. The magnet 24 may include any means for generating a magnetic field, such as a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. In the example where the magnet 24 is an electromagnet, the outer rotor 12 may be provided with an excitation control system for supplying current to the field coil of the electromagnet to form the required magnetic field.

[0030] The inner rotor 14 may include a field coil 25 substantially centered within the hollow drum of the outer rotor 12. The field coil 25 acts as a rotating armature of the generator 10 such that the relative rotation between the field coil 25 and the magnetic field of the magnet 24 generates an electric current in the field coil 25 by electromagnetic induction. The outer rotor 12 may include a drive axle 26 that rotates with the rotor 12. The inner rotor 14 may also include a drive axle 28 that rotates with the rotor 14 and is axially aligned with the outer rotor drive axle 26. The field coil 25 may extend circumferentially around the drive axle 28 of the inner rotor 14. A second flywheel 18 may be mounted on the drive axle 28 of the inner rotor 14 and may be positioned laterally offset from the drum of the outer rotor 12.

[0031] The first prime mover 20 may include a drive shaft 30 directly axially connected to the drive axle 26 of the outer rotor 12. Similarly, the second prime mover 22 may include a drive shaft 32 directly axially connected to the drive axle 28 of the inner rotor 14. The prime movers 20 and 22 are shown in disassembled (cut) form in Figure 1. Figure 3 shows an embodiment in which the prime movers 20 and 22 are shown in an undisassembled (connected) form, along with their respective draft shafts directly connected to the rotor axles 26 and 28. In this configuration, the prime movers 20 and 22 directly rotate the axles 26 and 28, and therefore the rotors 12 and 14.

[0032] The prime movers 20 and 22 may be equipped with any means for generating rotational mechanical force to rotate the drive shafts 30 and 32 around their respective axes of rotation. For example, each of the prime movers 20 and 22 may be equipped with a reciprocating engine (such as a diesel engine), a gas turbine, a wind turbine, or a hydraulic turbine. In another example, each of the prime movers 20 and 22 may be equipped with an electric motor powered by an external power source, including a renewable power source.

[0033] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, in other examples, the generator 10 may include a pair of prime movers 34, 36 offset laterally from the rotor axles 26, 28. The prime movers 34, 36 may each have a drive shaft with V-shaped pulley wheels 38, 40. The pulley wheels 38, 40 may be indirectly connected to the rotor axles 26, 28 by drive belts 42, 44 extending around the pulley wheels 38, 40 and around corresponding V-shaped pulley wheels 46, 48 provided on the rotor axles 26, 28. The prime movers, pulley wheels and drive belts are shown in an exploded (unconnected) configuration in Figure 1. Furthermore, the drive belts 42, 44 and the V-shaped pulley wheels 46, 48 on the rotor axles 26, 28 are shown separated without the prime movers in Figure 2.

[0034] To enable the outer rotor 12 to rotate coaxially with the inner rotor 14, the outer rotor 12 may be rotatably mounted to the drive axle 28 of the inner rotor 14 by a pair of annular collars 50. The collars 50 may extend around the drive axle 28 and each may be equipped with bearing devices that allow the collars 50 to rotate smoothly around the axle 28. In use, the prime movers 20, 22 rotate the rotor axles 26, 28 in opposite directions, and therefore rotate the rotors 12, 14 in opposite directions. The relative counter-rotation between the magnetic field provided by the magnets 24 of the first rotor 12 and the field coil 25 of the second rotor 14 induces an alternating current (AC) in the field coil 25. In one example, each of the rotors 12, 14 may rotate at a rotational speed of 50 to 60 hertz (Hz). The rotational energy provided to the rotors 12, 14 by the prime movers 20, 22 is stored in the counter-rotating flywheels 16, 18.

[0035] The current generated in the field coil 25 may be received by a slip ring assembly 52 provided on the drive axle 28 of the inner rotor 14. In the example shown in Figure 1, the slip ring assembly 52 comprises a pair of conductive rings extending circumferentially around the drive axle 28 and a pair of brushes that lean against the conductive rings to receive the generated current. The drive axle 28 may also include a wire (not shown) extending longitudinally through a hollow lumen of the axle 28 that supplies electricity from the field coil 25 to the conductive rings of the slip ring assembly 52. ​​The current may be supplied from the slip rings 52 to a power distribution network or connector interface 54 for subsequent use by an electrical appliance. The field coil 25 may be arranged and configured to generate three-phase or single-phase AC power. The generator 10 may also be provided with a grounding rod. The generator 10 may also include an automatic voltage regulator (not shown) for controlling the output voltage of the field coil 25.

[0036] It will be understood that the flywheels 16, 18 are large and heavy objects that accumulate considerable angular momentum when accelerated to the required rotational speed during use. To mitigate wear on the axles 26, 28 and the bearing assemblies that rotatably support the axles 26, 28 during use, one or more magnetic supports 62, 64 are configured to operate to support the weight of the flywheels 16, 18. For example, Figure 17 shows an individual flywheel 16 that may be used in an embodiment. The flywheel 16 comprises a lower magnetic support 62 and an upper magnetic support 64. The flywheel 16 comprises an annular magnet 60 that extends circumferentially around the outer circumference of the flywheel 16. The inner circular body of the flywheel 16 may be made of aluminum, and the annular magnet 60 may be made of iron or a similar ferromagnetic material.

[0037] The magnetic polarity of the concave uppermost surface of the lowermost support 62 may match the magnetic polarity of the annular magnet 60, thereby repelling the annular magnet 60 upward from the support 62. The magnetic polarity of the concave lowermost surface of the uppermost support 64 may be opposite to the magnetic polarity of the annular magnet 60, thereby attracting the annular magnet 60 upward toward the support 64. The repulsive and attractive forces provided by the two supports 62 and 64, respectively, combine to counteract and support the weight of the flywheel 16. In other examples, only one magnetic support may be used, adapted to exert a sufficiently strong repulsive or attractive force on the flywheel 16 to support its weight. For example, only the lowermost support 62 or only the uppermost support 64 may be used.

[0038] The flywheel 16 is also stabilized by a pair of magnetic stabilizers 66 positioned on each of the opposing sides of the flywheel 16. The stabilizers 66 exert a horizontally acting magnetic force opposite to the annular magnet 60 to prevent lateral movement of the flywheel 16 in use. Preferably, each stabilizer 66 has an inwardly positioned surface facing the flywheel 16 having a magnetic polarity that matches the magnetic polarity of the annular magnet 60. In this configuration, the annular magnet 60 is repelled inward from each stabilizer 66 toward the axis of rotation located in the center of the flywheel 16. The pair of repulsive forces work to keep the flywheel 16 around its axis by counteracting any periodic forces acting laterally on the axis due to the lack of radial symmetry in the weight of the flywheel. The stabilizers 66 also work to counteract any periodic forces acting laterally on the axis because the generator 10 is operating on ground that is not perfectly horizontal.

[0039] In one example, the magnetic polarity of the outward-facing surface of the annular magnet 60, and the magnetic polarity of the surfaces of the lower support 62 and lateral stabilizer 66 facing the flywheel 16, may each be N, while the magnetic polarity of the surface of the upper support 64 facing the flywheel 16 may be S. In other examples, the aforementioned magnetic polarities may be reversed. The magnets included in the supports 62, 64 and stabilizer 66 may be permanent magnets or electromagnets. In examples where electromagnets are used, the electromagnets may be powered using electricity generated by the generator 10.

[0040] The lower and upper supports 62, 64 and the lateral stabilizer 66 may each be mounted on an adjustable support that allows their respective positions to be adjusted relative to the outer circumference 60 of the flywheel 16. For example, the lower and upper supports 62, 64 may be vertically adjustable, and the lateral stabilizer 66 may be horizontally adjustable. The other flywheel 18 of the generator 10 may be equipped with equivalent adjustable magnetic supports and stabilizers. By adjusting the positions of the supports and stabilizers, the strength of the corresponding magnetic attraction and repulsion forces can be adjusted to suit the specific dimensions and mass characteristics of each flywheel 16, 18. This configuration also allows the generator 10 to accommodate flywheels of different sizes if the flywheel 16 needs to be upgraded or replaced over time.

[0041] The combined weight of the first flywheel 16 and the outer rotor 12 is preferably substantially equal to the combined weight of the second flywheel 18 and the inner rotor 14. This ensures that the rotational inertia of each rotating flywheel 16, 18 is substantially equal. In examples where the generator 10 is used for large-scale power generation, the rotors 12, 14 may have structural components that are sufficiently large and heavy so that the associated components essentially act as the flywheels of the generator. That is, the associated components provide an integrated flywheel for the rotors 12, 14. Therefore, in such examples, separately mounted flywheels 16, 18 may be omitted.

[0042] In the examples shown in Figures 1 and 2, the outer rotor 12 comprises the magnets 24 of the generator 10, and the inner rotor 14 comprises the field coils 25 that act as the armature of the generator 10. However, in other examples, the inner rotor 14 may provide a magnetic field, and the outer rotor 12 may comprise the field coils for acting as the armature.

[0043] Instead of the slip ring assembly 52 provided on the drive axle 28 of the inner rotor 14, the flywheel 18 of the inner rotor 14 may have a slip ring assembly. Referring, for example, to Figures 3, 6, and 7, the slip ring assembly may include a pair of conductive rings 70 extending concentrically around the rotation axis of the second flywheel 18 on its outward-facing surface. The generator 10 may also include a pair of conductive brushes (not shown) that lean against the concentric rings 70 to receive power generated by the field coils 25.

[0044] In other examples, as shown in Figures 4 and 8, the flywheel 16 of the outer rotor 12 may be mounted on the drive axle 26 of the outer rotor 12, rather than on the outer surface of a cylindrical drum away from the rotor 12. As shown in Figures 8, 10 and 14-16, the prime movers 20 and 22 may be mechanically connected to the drive axles 26 and 28 by a gear unit 80.

[0045] Referring to Figures 11 to 13, in other examples, the generator 10 may include a third rotor 90. The inner rotor 14 and outer rotor 12 may be positioned inside the third rotor 90, aligned coaxially with the third rotor. The third rotor 90 may be mechanically coupled to the drive axle 28 of the inner rotor 14 so that the third rotor 90 rotates together with the inner rotor 14 by the drive axle 28. In this configuration, both the third rotor 90 and the inner rotor 14 rotate in opposite relative directions with respect to the outer rotor 12 during use. In addition to the inner rotor 14 and outer rotor 12, the third rotor 90 and outer rotor 12 may combine to form a magnetic field and armature pair for power generation. For example, the outer rotor 12 may be provided with a first set of field coils 92 located on the inside of the rotor 12 facing the inner rotor 14, and a second set of field coils 94 located on the outside of the rotor 12 facing the third rotor 90. The inner rotor 14 and the third rotor 90 may each be equipped with magnets for forming a rotating magnetic field. During use, the relative counter-rotation between the two sets of magnets and the field coils 92 and 94 generates AC current in each of the field coils 92 and 94.

[0046] Referring to Figure 18, in another example, two prime movers 20, 22 may drive a common drive axle 95 extending through a gear set 96 which may be included in the generator 10. The gear set 96 may comprise a pair of drive wheels 97, 98 and an internal gear mechanism (not shown) configured such that the rotational motion of the axle 95 rotates the drive wheels 97, 98 in opposite directions around their respective axles. For example, the gear mechanism may comprise a bevel crown gear mounted on the axle 95 that drives a pair of bevel crown gears mounted on the axles of the drive wheels 97, 98, respectively. Flywheels 16, 18 may be mounted directly on the axle 95 at both ends. The drive wheels 97, 98 may drive a pair of drive belts (not shown) that turn a pair of counter-rotating pulley wheels 99 which rotate an inner rotor 14 and an outer rotor 12 in opposite directions.

[0047] Figures 19 and 20 provide further examples of the generator 10, illustrating how a pair of flywheels 16, 18, rotors 12, 14, rotor drive shafts 26, 28 and pulley wheels 46, 48 of the generator 10 may be interconnected. The pulley wheels 46, 48 in each example may be driven by a drive belt connected to a pair of prime movers (not shown). Each generator 10 may include a pair of mounting plates 87. The first mounting plate 87.1 is used to mount the first rotor drive shaft 26 to the outer rotor 12 of the generator 10. The mounting plate may include a bracket 88 having bearings that rotatably receive the rotor drive shafts 26, 28. The bracket 88 allows the two drive shafts 26, 28, and their respective rotors 12, 14 and flywheels 16, 18, to rotate in opposite directions.

[0048] Figure 21 provides a further example of a generator 10. The generator 10 comprises two prime movers 20, 22 that drive a pair of flywheels 16, 18. The flywheels 16, 18 are positioned between the prime movers 20, 22 and the rotors 12, 14 of the generator 10. A first pair of drive belts (not shown) may be driven by the prime movers 20, 22 and used to rotate the two flywheels 16, 18 in opposite directions. Furthermore, a second pair of drive belts (not shown) may be connected between the axles of the flywheels 16, 18 and the pulley wheels 46, 48 of the rotors 12, 14 to rotate the rotors 12, 14 in opposite directions. The generator 10 also includes a third flywheel 84 driven by a gear set 85. The gear set is driven by the drive axles 30, 32 of the prime movers 20, 22 and rotates the flywheel 84 in a single direction. Figure 22 provides a further example of the generator 10, which is substantially the same as the example shown in Figure 21, except that it does not include a third flywheel 84 and a gear unit 85.

[0049] Referring to Figure 23, a generator 100 is disclosed comprising a first rotor and a second rotor 102, 104, which are coaxially aligned and comprise an outer rotor 102 and an inner rotor 104, with the inner rotor 104 positioned within the outer rotor 102. The rotors 102, 104 combine to form a magnetic field and armature pair for generating electricity. The generator 100 also comprises a first counter-rotating flywheel and a second counter-rotating flywheel 106, 108, which are axially connected to the first rotor and the second rotors 102, 104 so as to rotate together with the first rotor and the second rotors 102, 104, respectively. The generator 100 also comprises a prime mover 110, which is provided with a gear set 112. The gear set 112 is driven by the prime mover 110 and is configured to operate to rotate the rotors 102, 104 in opposite relative directions so that electricity is generated from the relative rotation of the magnetic field and the armature.

[0050] The generator 100 may also include a third flywheel 114 mounted on the drive axle 115 of the prime mover 110 that drives the gear unit 112. The gear unit 112 may include a first drive wheel 116 and a second drive wheel 118 that are rotated in opposite directions by an internal gear mechanism (not shown) within the gear unit 112, which is driven by the axle 115. The two counter-rotating drive wheels 116, 118 may drive a pair of respective drive belts (not shown) that turn a pair of pulley wheels 120, 122 that rotate a first rotor and a second rotor 102, 104 in opposite directions. The internal gear mechanism may include a bevel crown gear mounted on the axle 115 that drives a pair of bevel crown gears mounted on the pair of axles of the two drive wheels 116, 118, respectively.

[0051] Figure 24 shows an example in which the generator 100 is used for large-scale power generation. The two rotors 102 and 104 are large and heavy enough to effectively act as counter-rotating flywheels for the generator 100. Therefore, separately mounted flywheels 106 and 108 are omitted in this example.

[0052] Figure 25 shows a further example of the generator 100. The generator 100 is substantially the same as the example shown in Figure 23, except that the counter-rotating flywheels 106 and 108 are mounted on the axles of the two drive wheels 116 and 118 instead of being mounted on the rotors 102 and 104. The third flywheel 114 is also omitted. The flywheels 106 and 108 are positioned inward relative to the drive wheels 116 and 118.

[0053] Figure 26 shows a further example of the generator 100. The generator 100 is substantially the same as the example shown in Figure 25, except that the counter-rotating flywheels 106, 108 are positioned outside the drive wheels 116, 118. A third flywheel 114 is also mounted on the drive axle 115. Two lateral magnetic supports 66 are also shown on either side of the third flywheel 114.

[0054] Referring to Figure 27, a generator 200 is disclosed having a first rotor and a second rotor 202, 204, which are coaxially aligned and comprise an outer rotor 202 and an inner rotor 204, with the inner rotor 204 positioned within the outer rotor 202. The rotors 202, 204 combine to form a magnetic field and armature pair for generating electricity. The generator 200 also includes a first counter-rotating flywheel and a second counter-rotating flywheel 206, 208, which are axially connected to the first rotor and the second rotors 202, 204 so as to rotate together with the first rotor and the second rotors 202, 204, respectively. The generator 200 also includes a first prime mover and a second prime mover 210, 212, which are independently connected to the first rotor and the second rotors 202, 204 via drive belts (not shown) so as to rotate the rotors 202, 204 in opposite relative directions so as to generate electricity from the relative rotation of the magnetic field and the armature.

[0055] The generator 200 comprises an inner rotor 204 and an outer rotor 202, as well as a pair of permanent magnets 214 connected to a first flywheel 206 and a pair of field coils 216 connected to a second flywheel 208. Figures 28-29 and 31-35 also show examples of generators 200 with permanent magnets 214 and field coils 216. As best shown in Figure 30, in such examples, the permanent magnets 214 and field coils 216 may each be arranged in a circular pattern at regular intervals around the rotating axle of the associated flywheel. Similar to the rotor pair 204, 202, the permanent magnets 214 and field coils 216 rotate in opposite directions, and the relative counter-rotation induces current in the field coils 216. As shown in Figure 42, the permanent magnets 214 may be mounted to the flywheel by an adjustable bracket 218 that allows the position of the permanent magnets 214 relative to the field coils 216 to be adjusted. For example, the permanent magnet 214 may be attached to the end of an elongated screw connector 218 that screws into an elongated passage extending laterally through a flywheel. Rotating the connector 218 changes the distance between the pair of magnets 214 and 216.

[0056] The current induced in the field coil 216 complements the current generated by the reverse-rotating rotors 204 and 202. As best shown in Figure 35, the second flywheel 208 may include a pair of concentric slip rings 220 on its output surface that engage with complementary brushes to receive power generated by the field coil 216.

[0057] Embodiments of the present invention provide a generator system and method useful for generating power, including AC power. In particular, the generator 10 allows AC power to be generated from relatively low individual rotational speeds of each rotor 12, 14 while keeping the size relatively compact. The counter-rotating action of the rotors 12, 14 advantageously provides a high relative rotation between the armature and the magnetic field of the generator 10 while maintaining relatively low individual rotational speeds of each rotor 12, 14. This reduces wear and failure of parts and provides improved power generation efficiency compared to conventional generators using a fixed, stationary stator and a rotating armature. In conventional generators, the rotors typically operate at 1500 or 3000 rpm for 200-250V or 380-440V by a single axle. In embodiments of the present invention, a relative rotation of 1500 rpm can be achieved between two rotors 12, 14, but each rotor 12, 14 rotates individually at half this speed (i.e., at 750 RPM). In embodiments requiring a relative rotation of 3000 rpm, each rotor 12, 14 rotates individually at half this speed (i.e., 1500 RPM). More generally, for any required relative rotation speed, each rotor 12, 14 may advantageously rotate individually at only half the relative speed. This makes it possible to generate high electrical output and frequency when the generator 10 is driven by a low-RPM rotation prime mover. For example, this advantage can be utilized when the generator is powered by a pair of wind turbines under low wind conditions or by a pair of hydraulic turbines under low fluid flow conditions. In an example where a pair of permanent magnets 214 and a pair of field coils 216 are arranged in a circle on the generator's flywheel, the electricity induced in the field coils 216 complements the electricity generated by the counter-rotating action of the rotors 12, 14, and thus improves the efficiency of the generator.

[0058] The two flywheels 16 and 18 operate advantageously to smooth out fluctuations in the frequency of the output current generated by the generator 10. For example, if the generator 10 is powered by a wind turbine, a sudden change in the speed and / or direction of the wind powering the turbine would require a rapid adjustment of the turbine blade angle to compensate for the change in wind. The stored rotational energy and inertia of the flywheels 16 and 18 keep the output frequency constant or nearly constant while the blade adjustment is being performed.

[0059] The magnetic supports 62 and 64 favorably support the weight of the flywheels 16 and 18, and thus reduce wear on the axles 26 and 28 and the bearing assemblies supporting the axles 26 and 28 during use. The magnetic stabilizer 66 favorably counteracts any periodic forces acting laterally on the axles 26 and 28 during use as a result of the weight distribution of the flywheels not being perfectly radially symmetrical with respect to their respective axles 26 and 28. Due to defects introduced during the manufacturing process, the weight distribution of each flywheel is not perfectly radially symmetrical with respect to its axle. Because the flywheels are quite large in size and weight, even minor defects can result in strong periodic forces acting on the axles 26 and 28. The stabilizer 66 compensates for these undesirable forces. The stabilizer 66 also works to counteract any periodic forces acting laterally on the axles 26 and 28 because the generator 10 is operating on ground that is not perfectly horizontal. Therefore, the magnetic supports 62, 64 and stabilizer 66 allow for the use of a large, heavy flywheel, which is essential for effectively adjusting the output frequency of the generator 10.

[0060] Figures 45–48 show wind turbine generators 400 according to further exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Each exemplary generator 400 comprises a pair of wind turbines 410, 412 acting as prime movers to rotate the outer and inner rotors 12, 14 of the generator in opposite directions. The rotors 12, 14 may be large and heavy enough to act essentially as a pair of flywheels. For example, the outer casing of each rotor may be large and heavy enough so that the casing acts as a flywheel integrated with the associated rotor. The rotors 12, 14 may be mounted above a magnetic platform 62. The outer circumference 60 of the outer rotor 12 may be magnetic so as to repel from the platform 62 to support the weight of the rotors 12, 14. As shown in Figures 46 and 47, the rotors 12, 14 may also comprise a pair of permanent magnets 214 and a pair of field coils 25 that generate additional power to complement the power generated by the main magnets 24 and field coils 216 of the generator 400. As shown in Figure 48, each wind turbine generator 400 is equipped with magnetic stabilizers 66 positioned on opposing sides of the rotors / flywheels 12 and 14. The stabilizers 66 exert a horizontally acting magnetic force opposite to the rotors / flywheels 12 and 14 in order to stabilize and hinder the lateral movement of the rotors / flywheels 12 and 14 during use.

[0061] Figure 51 shows a hydroelectric generator according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The generator comprises a pair of hydraulic turbines 342 that receive water flowing through a pair of chutes 340 under pressure. The turbines 342 act as prime movers to rotate the outer and inner rotors 12, 14 of the generator in opposite directions. The rotors 12, 14 may be large and heavy enough to act essentially as flywheels. The rotors 12, 14 are provided with magnetic supports and stabilizers as described above to support and stabilize the rotor / flywheel 12, 14.

[0062] It will be understood that the generator principle disclosed can be equally used to construct a DC generator. It will also be understood that the generator principle disclosed can be used to construct an electric motor. As an example, referring to Figures 36-38, an electric motor 300 is shown comprising a first rotor 302 and a second rotor 304. The two rotors 302, 304 are coaxially aligned and comprise an outer rotor 302 and an inner rotor 304, with the inner rotor 304 located within the outer rotor 302. The two rotors 302, 304 combine to form a magnetic field (stator) and armature pair. When in use, when alternating current is supplied to the field coil of the outer rotor 302 (stator), the resulting current induced in the inner rotor 304 (armature) causes the two rotors 302, 304 to rotate in opposite directions.

[0063] The electric motor 300 may also be modified to operate in a single rotation mode rather than a reverse rotation mode. For example, as shown in Figure 38, the electric motor 300 may include a locking pin 306 slidably mounted to the stationary support frame or housing 308 of the electric motor 300. When the pin 306 is pushed toward the support frame 308, the pin 306 engages with a complementary opening 310 provided on the side of the outer rotor 302 housing. The pin 306 locks the outer rotor 302 toward the support frame 308, preventing relative rotation between the outer rotor 302 and the frame 308. When in use, when alternating current is supplied to the field coil of the outer rotor 302 (stator), the current induced in the inner rotor 304 (armature) causes the inner rotor 304 to rotate on its own relative to the outer rotor 302, which is statically fixed to the support frame 308.

[0064] The electric motor 300 may be provided with a set of slip rings for supplying the current that powers the electric motor 300 to the outer rotor 302. For example, a set of concentrically arranged slip rings 312 may be used. In another example, a set of slip rings 314 spaced apart from each other along the axle of the outer rotor 302 may be used. In addition to the live ring and the neutral ring, the slip rings may include a grounding ring 316 connected to earth.

[0065] In further examples, the electric motor 300 may be used to drive a mechanical load, which may be a reverse-rotating generator 10 connected to the electric motor 300 using a pulley and drive belt configuration, as shown in Figures 36 and 37. In the example shown in Figure 36, a pulley wheel 320 axially connected to the outer rotor 302 operably drives a pulley wheel 42 axially connected to the outer rotor 12 of the generator 10, and a pulley wheel 322 axially connected to the inner rotor 304 operably drives a pulley wheel 44 axially connected to the inner rotor 14 of the generator 10. Alternatively, in the example shown in Figure 37, a pulley wheel 320 axially connected to the outer rotor 302 of the electric motor 300 operably drives a pulley wheel 44 axially connected to the inner rotor 14 of the generator 10, and a pulley wheel 322 axially connected to the inner rotor 304 of the electric motor 300 operably drives a pulley wheel 42 axially connected to the outer rotor 302 of the generator 10. As shown in Figure 38, each pulley wheel may be equipped with a V-belt pulley 324, a timing pulley 326, or a gear pulley 328. A wide variety of pulley and belt configurations may be used depending on the RPM and energy output required from the rotors 302 and 304 of the electric motor, respectively. Alternatively, in the example shown in Figure 39, a pulley wheel 320 axially connected to the outer rotor 302 of the electric motor 300 operably drives a pulley wheel 42 axially connected to the inner rotor 14 of the generator 10, and a pulley wheel 322 axially connected to the inner rotor 304 of the electric motor 300 operably drives a pulley wheel 44 axially connected to the outer rotor 12 of the generator 10.

[0066] The electric motor 300 may be provided with one or more flywheels 330 that can be attached to the outer rotor 302 and / or the inner rotor 304. In embodiments in which the rotors 302 and 304 rotate in opposite directions, the combined weight of the outer rotor 302 and any flywheel attached thereto is preferably substantially equal to the combined weight of the inner rotor 304 and any flywheel attached thereto. This ensures that the rotational inertia of the two opposing rotating bodies is substantially equal, and that the same power output and RPM are achieved on both sides.

[0067] In this specification, the word "comprising" means "including, but not limited to," and the word "comprises" has the corresponding meaning.

[0068] The embodiments described above are for illustrative purposes only and can be modified within the scope of the attached claims.

Claims

1. A first rotor and a second rotor, coaxially aligned and comprising an outer rotor and an inner rotor, wherein the inner rotor is positioned within the outer rotor, and the rotors, when combined, form a pair of magnetic fields and armatures for power generation. To rotate the rotor in opposite relative directions such that electricity is generated from the relative rotation between the magnetic field and the armature, a first prime mover and a second prime mover are independently connected to the first rotor and the second rotor, respectively. A first flywheel and a second flywheel, each connected to or integrated with the first and second rotors, respectively, so as to rotate together with the first and second rotors, wherein the combined weight of the first flywheel and the first rotor is substantially equal to the combined weight of the second flywheel and the second rotor, and each flywheel is provided with an annular magnet extending circumferentially around the outer circumference of the individual flywheel, and each flywheel has, One or more magnetic supports positioned relative to the annular magnet to exert at least one perpendicularly acting magnetic force on the annular magnet in order to support the weight of the flywheel, A pair of magnetic stabilizers arranged on opposite sides of the flywheel, wherein each stabilizer has an inner surface facing the flywheel, and the magnetic polarity of the surface matches the magnetic polarity of the outward-facing surface of the annular magnet, such that the stabilizers exert a pair of opposing magnetic repulsive forces on the annular magnet in order to prevent lateral movement of the flywheel and stabilize the flywheel. A first flywheel and a second flywheel are provided. A generator equipped with the following features.

2. The generator according to claim 1, wherein the stabilizer is mounted on an adjustable support that allows the position of each of the inwardly positioned surfaces to be adjusted relative to the annular magnet in order to change the magnitude of each of the repulsive forces.

3. The generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stabilizer comprises an electromagnet.

4. The generator according to claim 3, wherein the electromagnet is powered by the electricity generated by the generator.

5. The generator according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic support comprises a first magnetic support disposed below the flywheel, and the magnetic polarity of the first magnetic support matches the magnetic polarity of the annular magnet such that the annular magnet is repelled from the first magnetic support.

6. The generator according to claim 5, wherein the magnetic support comprises a second magnetic support disposed above the flywheel, and the magnetic polarity of the second magnetic support is opposite to the magnetic polarity of the annular magnet such that the annular magnet is attracted to the second magnetic support.

7. The generator according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the magnetic support is mounted on an adjustable support that allows the respective vertical positions of the magnetic support with respect to the annular magnet to be changed.

8. The generator according to claim 1, wherein the first rotor and the second rotor each have a first drive axle and a second drive axle, and the first prime mover and the second prime mover each have a first drive shaft and a second drive shaft connected to the first drive axle and the second drive axle, respectively, for rotating the rotors in the opposite relative directions.

9. The generator according to claim 8, wherein the first drive shaft and the second drive shaft are directly connected in the axial direction to the first drive axle and the second drive axle, respectively.

10. The generator according to claim 8, wherein the first drive shaft and the second drive shaft are indirectly connected to the first drive axle and the second drive axle, respectively, by a pulley wheel and a drive belt configuration.

11. The generator according to claim 1, wherein the outer rotor provides the magnetic field and the inner rotor provides the armature.

12. The generator according to claim 11, wherein the generator comprises a slip ring assembly provided on the drive axle of the inner rotor.

13. The generator according to claim 1, wherein the generator comprises a slip ring assembly having a pair of conductive rings extending concentrically around the rotation axis of the second flywheel of the flywheel.

14. The generator according to claim 1, wherein the outer rotor comprises a substantially cylindrical hollow drum, and the first flywheel of the flywheel is mounted on the outward-facing surface of the drum.

15. The generator according to claim 14, wherein the first flywheel of the flywheel comprises an annular disc extending circumferentially around the outward-facing surface of the drum.

16. The generator according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the second flywheel of the flywheel is attached to the drive shaft of the inner rotor and is positioned laterally offset from the drum.

17. The generator according to claim 1, comprising a pair of permanent magnets connected to the first flywheel of the flywheel and a pair of field coils connected to the second flywheel of the flywheel, wherein a current is induced in the field coils by relative rotation between the permanent magnets and the field coils.

18. The generator according to claim 1, wherein the generator comprises a third rotor, the inner rotor and the outer rotor are arranged inside the third rotor and aligned coaxially with the third rotor, the third rotor is connected to the drive axle such that the third rotor rotates together with the inner rotor by the drive axle of the inner rotor in a relative direction opposite to that of the outer rotor, and the third rotor and the outer rotor combine to form a pair of magnetic fields and armatures for power generation.

19. The generator according to claim 1, wherein the prime mover comprises a pair of hydraulic turbines.

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