Supersonic jet curtains for control of moments and forces on aircraft

Abstract

Conventional moving control surfaces on a typical tailless aircraft are replaced with sweeping Jet Actuators ("SJAs") for Active Flow Control ("AFC"). However, a large quantity of SJAs may be necessary in each array and efficacy of SJAs has only been demonstrated at low speeds (i.e., Mach 0.2 or less). In this disclosure, Supersonic Steady Jets (SSJs) are used as control surface replacements for aircraft. The SSJs are distributed on the aircraft in locations and orientations that take into consideration changing local flow conditions on the surface of the aircraft. In one example, when a single SSJ was used to control the pitch of the aircraft, the single SSJ increased the trimmed lift of the aircraft almost as well as an array of SJAs, while providing better yaw control at a small accompanying rolling moment.

Description

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wenevererecon o asaw conroaso erence resusn enre eren reuremensore asoe cane.s connuousower consumonorc conro vs. sorsronrvunrss sosremaws: conearo.ow anorces one ascrren ceran exame emomenseren are ssemso conro momens escrcrae ans c serowann a enxamesecr emeoemren. anorces on arcra a enseren are meoso conro momens conro momeenscsr anes on s rc ceeo srw oan nn an a ercxramescre eemoeremne.nseren are conro ssemso escren ceran exama aes e smoownm anensescreeren. anorces on arcra, co eren are ssemso conro momens seae smrsn a wn comrsn aean ee an aeas one suersonce ouurom ose on an uer surace oe wn,e en orene suca a n cerean exasm anee em wo rmesenecs,oeean ee oe wn. rane o aouereeso aou ereese we o reuurome s ane wn a eenn on secoeean ee oe wn n ceer wann e’xsancence. rane o aou ereemsoe a emomens,ee ouurome s ane wn a eenn one wn’sncenocue. erees w resecoeean ee oe wn ran n ceran exame emomens,ee ouurome s ane wn a eee o aou ereeso aou erees w resecoeean ee oe wn an,onor on,e w,n,’sn,c,enc,e.n, so,me e,m,omens,ee ouuromes ane ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ere,,,oeean ee oe wn es w resec w resecn ceran exame e.momens,ee ouurome s ane erees no ceean ee oe wn. w re eran exame emomens,ee ouurome s ane erees wnsecoeean ee oe wn on annoar se oe wnor swe-ac emos amnen ors, one an a oueasoa orne se o comer wsens a sonr swee-.orwna cre wns.n ceran exame e aeas one comrses aura os. ran exame emomens,ncues one or morears os.n n some emomenseura os ,,,, or some emomens,eura osncues,, an aen m coerrean esx.ame emomens,e aeas one comrses aura os anessann cser araen ac exvamaeeo emroovmee anse,sree a coenasro on oee a crocmrar.ses aura os n a ceraen exasm aree a ecmvaoemoenrso,vee a aeeassr oene conro co omrese asr acrau. an a sne one oess acvaeoroveeesre conro o ra os n ceran exame emomens,e aeas one comrse arcra. an aeren one or more oess acvaeorove es aura os eenn o aesre conro oe arcra nn ceer arcra’s aue. e wns aacaen. exanm cerea emn eoxammenes e,meo smseenms,uree arr ccormarsse as an arcrao wc ceran exame emomens,e arcra com aess arcra.n emomens,e arcra rses an emennae.n ceran exame arcra comrses aorzo cnomrses a verca sazer.n ceran exame emomens,e escren ceraan s eaxzer. anorces on arcra, comrsnam ae w emno commenrssnere ane aare snse emse,o coen wron momavenns s sreeaamenes o arsowos oeve orn aen w uner w suerna mceovnroue ar an aeas one suersonc rome s ane w resecoe s oe en orene suca ae ouu n ceran exame emomenreamnes oeow overe wn. rane o aouereeso aou s,ee ouurome s ane wn a one wn’snce erees w resecoeow overe wneenn rane o anou cerannc e eex. raemeseo e amooumens,ereeese w ou ruesreocmoeeosw ane wn a eenn one wn’ overe wn n ceran exsamncence. rane o aou eree emomens,ee ouurome s ane wn a eenn one wn’snecseon ace.oun some eemreoesm wens, reseeec ououeroomw oeverse an wn a,oor,,,,,,,,,,, e ,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,, 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emomens,e arcras aaess arcra.n emom ens,e arcra comrses an emennae.n ceran exame arcra coemnsr,sees a arcora comrses a verca sazer.n ceran exame emomens,e escrenrz coenraan sazer. anorces on arcra, comrsn ex aam wne c eommorsmnen aseaerenn a ere se asnem aso c aoneraos m onoemeanws conro suersonc seae sose on an uer surace oe wn nea - wn, acvaon oeaw-conro rovn aaw momeno an arcrare oe wns aace an aeas onec-conro sose one uer suraco wce a annneroson one wn comareoeocaon oeaw-con e oe wn ec-conro rovn acn momenoe arcrao wcroe w, acvaon o n ceran exame emomens,e ssemurer comrsesens aace. e wns aace.n ceran exame emomens,e arcra arcrao wc ceran exame emomens,e arcra comrs s aaess arcra.n emomens,e arcra comrs es an emennae.n ceran exame arcra comr es a verca sazer.n ceran exame emomens,e anorces oness acers a rcreo a,nrz co co menraa rn s s ea nxamze rer. emomenseren are meoso conro momenseas one suersonc seae ovsn a wn comrsn aean eerovn a orene suca ae ouuromeoses on an uer surace oe wn,e en wn an ex ane w resecoeean ee oe ne cernan ae o arrome. rane o aouer eexeasme emomens,ee ouurome s ane wn a eenn one wn’snoc aeonuc erees w resecoeean ee oe wn rane o an ceran exame eme.omens,ee ouurome s ane wn a eenn oonue wenreeso aou erees w resecoeean ee oe wn ran n ceran e’xsamncee enmce.omens,ee ouurome s ane w een on a oonue wner’esenscoe ancoeu.n somee er n a e emeso wme rness,eceoe oueeuarnom eee ose an wne a,,,oo,r,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,oeean e , erees w resec n cerae on exaem wne e. w resecoeean momens,ee ouurome s ane erees w resecno ceraene eaxanm e eee eem o ooem w een wnns., oen aen onuouarro sme oe s ane erees wns an or on an ouoar se oe wnor s e wnor swe-ac n ceran exame emomens,e aweeas-orwar wns. ceran exame emomens,e a one comrses a sne.n emourmaenseura eas one comrses aura os.n some e osncues one or morears os.n some emomens, n o cerasn enxcaumese e,,,,,, or mores. an aes are momens,e aeas one comrses aura os sann ceran ac exvaeorove aesre conro oe arcra. anes ame emomens,e aeas one comrses aura os n a ceraen exasm aree a ecmvaoemoenrso,vee a aeeassr oene conro co omrese asr acra. an a sne one oess acvaeoroveeesre con ura os n ceran exame emomens,e aeas on ro oe arcra. an aeren one or more oess ac e comrses aura os eenn one arcr vaeorove aesre conro oe arcra arcrao wnc ceraena w enx’asm a s aeu ac eme. e.onm ceenras,n exe meourer comrsesrovn an arcra.n ceran exame emomens,e aracmrae c eommorsemse anns e,mee anrncarae.sn aaess exame emomens,e arcra comrses a verc ceran emomens,e arcra comr a sazer.n ceran exame escren cerans eexsam aoerz eomnao smazer. ereo, suc a ens,eren are arcra, or comonens exame emosm ae wnns,, ceo amrcrrasns a a saseesms a orcrae.scosureescreeren.n ceran wecomesee a ana oer asecs, oecs,eaures, an avanaes oe exame emomens oowneaereenscrooons oe eaxvamne or emnaorm sens.ne ar uon conseraon oe reerenceno uneersoaonwnn oeeaures an avanaes oenvenon we oane wcernces oenveeaneon mesacreo unzae s,e asnore acusrave emomens,n wc: comannrawns o suese x-u,res a comarson oan vewseweene ,e x-, ane urencuencesorcaaosn c oonme esn. momens onn arneeenence o,ra, ancn ucreencee ancse aorra resuuss oraanne aereassuerce re anurrzona. rou an acuaoror v eoass aven massow ureeacrosusres an szes o acuaors. acuaor ane massowassansusraneeweenressureerence!a!,cℳross an massowro rous nozzee aneeenence o!!,$one eme oruure an aecucasorrars.usrane eec o onc usn sxs co ures srows. oowcuresecn oow ouoar oe cran orreosmon annoow o°ver αe° ooe onneow overe enre vece ancence anes nsee comuraere soowsn oa caow on ov aerr w -wennse nr a. a α=°e an overe -wn. n acure o vorexreaown on a cran a°αure sowse eec o s oneow overe ouer wn an neare s an surre°. omeecs oraes ouuers wrane eec o onc usn onars o o s anurse coseeocse crraansausorsann. onse e-ec. o onaw an ro usnars oe anuresoe rcs arasusncuosnrsa oneo mraxem aucmuaromrm coenur aaaonnse s uoswnnns ure ane eec o an acπ,0e ureecs uaon onawoom. c anaw oe mrasusrane eec o orenaon one conro o orces an momureens ons aocoea.ramecn an arcra conro ssemo conro eureuress a arc ereora nc. areaorramusecn a comun macne an a moue.o scae. raveuroses on an are no necessarrawn vervew conro suraceesn ovnen ano anrcreascr.eeren reaesoe reacemen o convenona movn owonro“” weenecuaors“s”aveeen useorcve s .owever, aareuan o s mae necessar, an ecac o uersoansc oneaeeneesmonssra aere a useow a sse ceonsro.e s.u,rac. oress.nsscosure, susonc crusn see ace reacemensor arcra a an aa .es aresrue one arcranocaons an orenaons a sneeno croonsereraocoane c aann onrenocea onowe co anrcrons one surace oe arcra.ven one exame, wen a sne a ma ouerorm an arra os.nncreaseermm was useo conroec oe arcra,e sne conro e amos as we as an arra o s, werovneeraw sems a a an smae acocosmoanonnro rono momen. enera, conron mommeennss a anorces onrcra mecansms anecn norces onaess arcra reersoe orzona sazer anu eeesv uaseor coo mnanuraano sna, comm aonn connorownn a arcraaac asnc esn.aess arcra ca re on aerna s aaess orn-wn suc as wn san, wnw ve meanso aceve sa an conro, conro suraces.escren cesr,an eexraemnae e wmno comnernos,erreusn vecorn, an avanceo conro momens anorces on a are ssems an meos eren. rcra,ncunaess arcra, as sown anescre semsoo anorces one asncrrro craeo , cnm om ceenrras a snn n ex aao wmrce nes c e o omn morc rsmraenseren are ssemso conro momens seae sose on a n aean ee an aeas one suersonce ouuro n uer surace oe wn,e en orene suca a nm cerean exasm anee w resecoeean ee oe wn. rane o aouere emomens,ee ouurome s ane wn a eenn one eso aou erees w resecoeean ee oe wn rane o aonu cer wann e e’ rxs eaemnc soee a en omce. uomenesr,eese we ouurome s ane wn a eenn o resecoeean ee oe wn a nne wn’sncence. r ceran exame emomens,ee ouurome s ane wn a eneen on a oonue wner’esenscoe ancoeu.n somee eremeso wme rness,ecoeean ee oe wn a,oor,,,,,,,,,,,,,ee, ou,u,ro,mes ane ,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,, ,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,oeean e , erees w resec w resecno cereae one exaem wne e.momens,ee ouurome s ane erees n cerana exna ee oe wn. w resec me emomens,ee ouurome s ane erees wn oeean ee oe wn on annoar se oe wnor swe-ac emos amnen ors, one an a oueasoa orne se o comer wsens aor swe-orwar wns.n ceran exame e aeas one com sne.n ceran exame emomens,ncues o rses aura os.n some emomenseura os ,,,, onre m oror meoresa.rs os.n some emomens,eura osncues,, an aen cser araen ac exvamae emomens,e aeas one comrses aura os n ceran exameeorove aesre conro oe arcra. anessan aes are a ecmvaoemoenrso,vee a aeeassr oene conro co omrese asr acraur.a os an a snen on ceer oan eexamses e amcvoaemenos,rove aeeaese osnere co comrses aura os n ceran exame emomens,e aeas nro oe arcra. an aeren one or more oes one comrses aura os eenn one s acvaeorove aesre conro oe arcra e wnsn a caecra a enrc . eraxanm’s a cerea eumeo.mens,e ssemurer comrses an arcrao wc ce n exame emomens,e arcras aaess arcra.n emraonm exeanms,ee e amrcoram ceonms,rsee arcra comrses an emennae.n ceran exame arcra com s a verca sazer.n ceran exame emomens,e ersscers aeonrz coenraan s eazer. anorces on arcra, comrsxnam ae w emno commenrssnere ane aare snse emso conro momens sreamnes o arow overe wn wen movn e,e wnavn seae sose on an u roue ar an aeas one suersonc rome s ane w er surace oe en orene suca ae ouu n ceran ex resecoe sreamnes oeow overe wn. rane o aouereesamo aeou emoemerneess, we rees oeucuoroemowe overse a wnnee wennn a one wn’ rane o ans ou cnecraennc e eex. raemeseo e amooumens,ereeee ouurome s ane wn a eenn one wn’sncence s w resecoeow overe wn rane o anou cerane exraemeseo e am. ooumens,ereeese w ou ruesreocmoeeosw an ove wn a eenn one wn’sncence.n some emomens ere wn a,oor,,,,,,,,,,,,,,ee, ou,u,romes ane ,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,oeow ov , erees w resec w resecne o crereae sn w re exn amam. nees e omoemoewn osv,ereee w oun.urome s ane erees w resecn ceran exame emomens,ee ouurome s ane erees ac wns aoe sreamnes oeow overe wn annoar se oe wnor swe- nn ce orra onn e axn ouoar se oe wnor swe-orwar wns. ceran exame e ame emomens,e aeas one comrses a sne.n exame emomomens,e aeas one comrses aura os.n ceran acvaeorovmens,e aeas one comrses aura os an aes are sncues oe aesre conro oe arcra.n some emomenseura o ,,,,,ne or morears os.n some emomens,eura osncues anessann, a c oerr maenor eexasms. aree a ecmvaoemoenrso,vee a aeeassr oene conro co omrese asr aura os an a snen on ceer oan eexamses e amcvoaemenos,re aeas one comrses acraur.a os n oveeesre conro oe arcra. an aeren ce ornaen or e mxaomre oe emeomsesn asc,vea aeeoasr oonvee a ceosmrers ceosn arou orae o arcras eenn o e wnsnn a caee cra a enrc . eraxnam’s a cerea eu nme exo. ammeen esm,oe ssemurer comrses an arcrao wc ceran exame emomens,e mens,e arcras aaess arcra.n emomens,e a arcra comrses an emennae.n ceran exame arcra com rcra comrses a verca sazer.n ceran exame emomens,e anorces oner assce rrs a craeonrz coenraan s eaxamzere. emomenseren are ssemso conro momens conro sue , comrsn a wn comrsn aean ee an a aeas oneaw- wn, acvrsonc seae sose on an uer surace oe wn neare oe wns aaacon oeaw-conro rovn aaw momeno an arcrao wce a annnee an aeas onec-conro sose one uer surace oe wn ec-cronoson one wn comareoeocaon oeaw-conro, acvaon o nr coeranrovn acn momenoe arcrao wce wns aace. e wns a exame emomens,e ssemurer comrsese arcrao wc ceran examaec eem.onm ceenras,n eexa amrcrea em coommrseenss, ane em arecnranaes. aan ceess arcra.n emomens,e arcra comrses a verca sazer.n c ran exame arcra comrses aorzona sazer. eran exame emomens,e aess arcras.escruse, aseo s wsemnseesc srcoee oerene canreseenncusen an arcra, suc as a comonenereo, suc as a w cosure are arcra, or a scosureesc n,ancues a ssem or comonenereo oe n some emormeens,ereen a.rncr caerasn a s euxamersoen ecm aromens,e arcras aaess arcra. currenaess arcra cane moe so asoncucrea.en s ssomeme e omoemreesnens, onsce oorsu mreore eosoonroomens anor . escren cera ces onrcra an n exame emomenseren are meoso conro momenseaso orncees su oner asorcnrac s,e caomresnrovsonse a o wn ann u comerr susrn aean eerovn a orene suca ae ouurome s ane w resace oe wn,e en wn an exen ecoeean ee oe n ceran a eexa o arrome. rane o aouereeme emomens,ee ouurome s ane wn a eenn one wn’sso aou erees w resecoeean ee oe wn rane o aonu cerane erxeaemnc soee a en omce. uomenesr,eese we o ruesuecroomeeeans ane wn a eenn one wn’sn ee oe wn n ceran examcee enmce. rane o aou ereeso aoomens,ee ouurome s ane wn a eenn one wn’snceu erees w resecoeean ee oe wn a,oor,,, nce.n some emomens,ee ouuromes ane ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,, ,eea,n,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,o ,,,,,,, erees w resec w resecno c eereae on exaem wne e.momens,ee ouurome s ane erees n ceranea exna ee oe wn. w resecoeeame emomens,ee ouurome s ane erees wns an or o n ee oe wn on annoar se oe wnor swe-ac n cner ana onu exaoar se oe wnor swe-orwar wns. ceran exame emommenes, emeo ameeanss o,nee ae caosm onreses a coumrarses o a sns.en so.mne emeourmaens oesurnacu oes,s,n,c,ues one or morears os.n some emomens, n ceran exame ,, or mores. an aes are acva emomens,e aeas one comrses aura os n ceran exameeo emroovmee ansesre conro oe arcra. anessan aes are acvaeo,e aeas one comrses aura os n ceran exame emomenrso,vee aesre conro oe arcra. an a sne one oess acvaeoro aeas one comrses aura os n ceran exame emomens,ve aeeeesre conro oe arcra. an aeren one or more oess acv as one comrses aura os eenn one arcra’s aue. aeorove aesre conro oe arcra arcrao wnc ceraen w enxams aeac eme.onm ceenras,n exeam mee eomourmeern cso,mer asercsrarosvn an arcra.n ceran exame emomens,e arcra comrs aaess exame emomens,e arcra comrs es an emennae.n ceran emomens,e arcra comrses aorzoneas s aa verzecra. sazer.n ceran exame xames oownxoawmaevsnescerscer seomee a emomens oeresenscosure,nenera,e resenscosure. e e ona emomens,eaures, an arues oe weoo momens oeresenscosure areescren connecon em wn exames ane corresonnex anures,eres nonenom coveor ame anesrn oavees,r mesoencascoonssu,r aeno eusvaeesncrsnocnu.en wen conera sr,enenso emomens oeresenscosure.eoown exames r an scoe o ose o ornar sne ar w a comeescosur areuor so asorove e meos an useeroesscose an c e anescron oowoerorm accurac w reseco n ameeren.orsaveeen maeo ensure evaons soue accounuemeorrs.e.., amouns,emeraure, ec.,u some errors an -. e exames w nowescussen moreeaeren w reerenceoures oer arcraeaecsemen o convenona movn conro suraces oncaaess arcra, or ecuaors,ss woasss one aemon ssuraseonc a crouwse s seeees,s.en ccuerrene eesca ccons oerweeeenr evoeenn aa sn reeaceemern uersonceaess oe same sze. was sownaocaon an orenaoerocae an orene ma ouerorm an arra o acuaors wosees arce cosen wonas neoaeno m cooneseraone cannocaow conons.e conuraon o aaess arcra. was seeceaec reaurseesens acaene wn-o en a sne suersonceesneorn=. was use woas coense exensve usn s.ncreaseermme amos as we as an arra os werroovne ac mu,c waes aeeo conro a sma accomann ron mom raw conroneeseowe.ss wraosv reeacaee mowoemn ere. cnouemcnenussa aure o unneam o muaonarameers an can comare varous us measure ns secon, moeeos oow acnuaoonm.encaure aes: rao ^^^ = ^^ ^^e-o-wn area ^ ^ =%5ower ^ ^^^ = = wonae ex area =&!&^^ℳ*massowower ^ ^^#^^ = = wn a co ss eaenc rao coecen cen ow ^^ = ^^ ^^ ^ = m er coecen coecen ass ow ^^4,676= ^^ ssem coecen ^ ^ voumeow er coe ^ ^^ =,rus coece ^^=c ^̇= ^e n = ^^n ^̇"^^ ^ ^^"^ac mea ns m usom mue exnum r ^^,=- - n acua ^^"= numer o sweene coecen ors ^ num ^^^= wnanorm area mome ^ ^ ^^ ^^= = v aenoce oncence ^^ mass =e orenaon ane reave momenum oe o ^^ =e oauere wencon^^6^==wsnacsnweeeween acuaors^^ =ensu ^^ =scr =oeas noressure ^^ =oazzre ex enrance essure a ssem ∞ =ree sream cronms a aecrovenaomwc co cener ea nro vnor ee m uaor. swean roexaonon. ac een ee. sea suersonc ran ee

[0002] rcuaonconvreoowonro co researca evoveromounaraerwo-mensonaowrom ncesocusena onerevenon o searaon ooowereaeo an aros a ncence anes.eurose os researc was convenona aranes.owaenn sees ncreasne maxmum oane on evovenoaes ver, ase cruse seencrease ane wns sweac or an conro.s ss,esneecau wseno arcra,eneresn seowar sa conroe momens ar aess conuraonsace “on-arm”as neeeo severe on sea ounwo oeree axes o roaon.e conroroems mos suraces are u conuraons were verca sazers are avoe aneecae conroecnueaon rwes eanra ce come. marsesssreo aucr oovner one co smuraacee o a wrcnras aneeceas wase on a oethcenure..,-,anar-, an - man.uanccureurne secon enroucon oee enne an useore neee ar su, meomen cuonce w a was ano saonarrrus coecen o ae enne was esase am coecen arameer measurne ecac oe ssem.eecences osesneonean reconze ear,ue weresreareecause,nwo-mensonao were e momenumosorcon recoverseeaow souona ree w, reensn sruon on an aro, wc was anmoranesn crersaseseressure enne comressor wase soe source o m on.urermore, sncee esazaon oeounaraereroomecnuum consere,eenon suc.eowereenu reuremens an orer o manuse.n oene a newaor as ezo-eecrc, anasma acuaorsn ao enaee use o eecromanec, rec mc nouc amersa couerven er mo-ucomurees oso arcs. oca crero uaors reuresuanave means o comarson, ane mosncuson oanssoveueems eowerae consume.s aroacermee e we, cos, mevacneasa aso consume ener anoera oe arane. manrocess na, an rea aoe comex oeecson- e are smaw,ee. avne noe mocvuaorssomnaee researcn recenearsecause maee con nars, ane sween moon covers aare surace areaaocare ro oraona searaon.ne case oree-mensonaows woseoo reurceon mare nssouree arnowan,nee coarsev oereecooenna m-sa venrmcean earroerss.s wowasevreorv,ee acu maeoarnss m exernaaveoeeen more s eseecmv,e a.ous no mwcrosa cnomnre,ssoersu araocsee ooe su acsueaso o onne swe wns anaess arcras n eea o caneerecon oeow anea o sarsne-eser voureex, sweereen co onrr soeanee accua aonrs eneraanw a.ne r-ecurreacnsea su arrreo curneane eower,mnues mossnne sanwseow overe wn.ee eecvenesss exaneare eec veoc reaveoe surrounnow.n suc a conce cou e, wen ae emeran a srnome a sa one seorceenerae e vercaa o vercaa wose area was amma, sne nozze aeceeorceenerae e uesone u oes reoasv sexo o srers o manuearer.s resurouo recon oeow neare so surace.ea -seees woseuroseso aere sur e ecac o sweenes reaveo sea ones wasese one a concave conarcoe on a sewoa-ramoennsaonna seaume mso,eu, wa conec counscounssonmaeosw aroe- mmoreen esoenca,ven seeows over concave suraces.ncee “e-curan” conce r ow eressureossesneneror oes m erove.eusresus ae-seee, more reasc comarsoneweens an seaessn orer uner o evea aes conons.e moe cosenors comarsonse moeeraw rseeenca enercene wn conuraon currenese a enos numers aresens a ransoncac a . was exensveese aaec.eess were cearraona ae rzonaoweenunne wose e ou smaer es secon’x’s consera comarsoann we’x’ucasunne aaec, anereore aeess seeceore oemrer reesseoarse ca,no aev coar aaccceorunnorerencesn wnunne correcons. re ze e massowassnrouem ane ussucreoerenceaeenerae.us,erouc oesewouaness ano ressurewroers, a anon mea wae, aneoena erceascsure o meaesuremen sss eenma.euree arsmseosrsem,e snnc oeee anowere consume eac comonen oe ssem anee szn oe acuaors resenres sus wereneos. masssroouw an6ooocwuesr coeencerenors aorsese rse ooree.ese asns wnesrer cearree ou aeno ece ses n aeusm n aerr ncee=:.x ureease o overaesn on ae r eeono ee co s wr en. o-oe-aes osu arncer,a w mcoes s wow an mnucacowenre s.weea-s aac.amosna snaormesnneer weno aracroe-oru a non-aere ouer wnnacnure anurora’soanaronen ,-mm,ana’s-oune ’s roramece sannure overae one w rase ssene ooer -=° o.unee a.roa sse acons cr aarne caomcaeere c,o anse aon osu mwas-sasn emao reeuc oensee sweeneearna an vo ruemuec,e wee mocs onsas oue.r wnescasenne orn ao oce aro.ro o ovue uers w an s waroe areas areran ’s, weno moesaveencanner cor,s n asene s arer ae samee.ere areourneenen a maxmum were no usens su.osmoranmensons oe moe usaeasa e moe was eue w sweene acuaors are sow ancunaure. acuaorsu on some oema wereocae mos one oue ors an cran, were useurneresennvesaon. r wn or coseoe resen waserencuaroe =°,usena orenaon oees use numer o acuaors was use. ane was aereaer wen a sma ee oue was eme ees werencne w resecoe x-ane sucanernaoe sr ene moe’s uer mo, wee res oe acuaor was ena se ou accuurae.orsea swe neozzne cerosss-seemcseonvaes wmereenson-ressureuc oscaors. oenn ane o °seenseoure.es werse oae.r”x.” an an suersonc nozzesesneor=. unerea cono reace sme mensons wereencaoesn, aner oren ns.er ornaroa roceee,er orenaon wa aon was aso.owever, ase su asoncreaseo.”x.s”. cane, an wen a sne wasese,s nozze sze was rneve crosm oarsornzo oes resus oaneneucasunne aaec an aeo ensurea smea m suucsen sm oa aerees resus oanenewo wnunnes were comare eeenen rzona wnunne no renere resusomeanness. o ce o,ra, ancn momen onncenceaen aα=nervas are acuaeorsn wereureae an ove cromaraeonoaee reosruse ouranoese o aes coumcasarusnonne. aaec. coserroxme o coee wcnenunsne s was aecernanereee sLr meaemasunree cu arvaaure.ecusueoe aseowsu aace.e.,or α°, a sma correconn , ason coaseewo curves ono one. α°ee ncence oα.° wou ocaeo so an waeoc rencesn measure ncreaseueo sower a .oweverae.eras mos aece e waeocae, an -o o ,e aruncreasen ^^ ^^8^^ ^^a was assocae we ea e was oservenoess a α°,eanoe concusona,ese earrureer oucncnuers ane αr≈er°en ace,eeow ov aenr ae m α≈oe° a reaanss caracer.e nose-uc a nose-ucearures no assocae we ec ure r, suesn o assureaere are no maorere ’s-oa occurs a er α. c conro wens were use ncesnewoes seus w rearso encanervas.ou , acuaonrome was aeoe ouer wn a eec o acμe asoue vaue oLMaL= was somewaeren,e ec uaon onLMwas smarure.oeanure,eraenes are us,eenereo samnaem orcereene-ro-r w aseree reerences= are cosueoe m-oa-noanoemneeen.ncreasneeve o acuaon eecveouLMnLe woue raua u usn=nsea.e acuaonrome creaLes neeo caneerm sren anμea oe.sneresno noeas avanae conrone occurreresen aower an aae ena nose-ucearure moreronounceane wLer c, an eecs oe -o were aso ese resus ceareene weaaroerr a w snsemunanec. ase on coecenserver comarson o acuaonecnues ^^=!om conservaon o massow anressureosses: e^^we ^ ^ ^^ we ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ oeressure roasson e oe varae. ac comonen.s oe secc coce ressureeorsessessu arecr roessuree acoru aaorvsen use nure.reees o acu massowoassrou an acuaorsoe n woseeeacooao crsa wnneeres c wonerseeroecen aen au srem: ane suer aso nnocn-sewe neozzne acuaoress wenree caorran=e,.u un uneresseas co exncons ssauear,e sem sosn..ree szes o were use.e saes oe acuaors a maes szes o.”x.” .x.”,e reur re secenense.or aven nozze szesa ocneeeac eeesressureoass aven massowrou.ne canne reuceeressureoss a sma amouner smo nozzee reenures m anuceowoeurrresnsuereooea rss aoveonm mansseowrae,ue sme suersonc s ane r oomnenera.e sea suersoncas smoneeen momenumoeowor avennuress nozzeevere more rove an oscan ouuounure,u so a avenrecon wee aeronamcerormance oe aroxmae ° o swee anes.e on,ecausee ouer wn oe mose wa csou com noare accoommeoaesoerareer smae ascu acauoarors eower coecen, consss o arouc oe massowass s. an acuaor aneoa erence measure across, nor n uanes reresenne moeneree sream.e maze smar ae enroe ssemo as oaressure cou asoe measure measuremens o ^^ maeneeseosssseseno esasces cnomeo snuen o caen a.rn suerme sasee, aona was nooneres9en.ourer assumons are ne m,us coecenasase one cons eeneermnn ^^4,0. smar wn area rao, can ervaon o massow ^^4,ℳ were ^^^see-o- - asoe use -, renerne rao oe nc rao oe%ereasnnure aronroue acuaor&anncreases w . ssurerresecve oe mannern wce ars comresse ^^e., ar-1esa rseuarrec es reea nu, sreso e e aerm cea e anccu,a o oorr a’nse ancen uaon o crree eaw ceau aeen see. o r aven ^^"^^"@as oue. re1"ce usnernou’s euaon.nc eures aarernuan eacuaorancreasee reresensossesneneror o ^ ncreasnwncreasn massow,serm w reucee rao e ^^ ae nozezree w eexre, n aonosseesnnesreessuer aec wuoauor, o ^^n0aesne wouaveeen euao ar re0sunn .onseuen,o resonseor comressne rconaosses us, annc rncomresseune asence o e me aasss soowwnenro omresse annvsc aroxmaon woueaoo oronaoe suare roo oeressurero, asnee aears ecausees an r reesausounre saoee a. ernoxmuaronor susoncs aner non-sween varans e sze oe acuaors.es,n coenra cso, saeesmee amoose o snzoe ae snenee cnu.rvencrereseecve ooss mseuscnoewers aruere muc.nacrreearsnannees oe samemensons,er rao one!r!n!!,aℳ,$ncreasne r szen!c!r,ℳeasese massowrouemus ecracnounaar coonssvees resunn smaer!!,$. a arescreressure raoraveen r-eavevreen noezzoessseses resnueno crroemae ae suersonce corner vorces anrcon werneror wa rne asec rao ans oenca nozze sz s.eereoreave a mucarer rao eosses resunn reucone o.!n!c,ℳre ,asun w^ ^^ė^na co vmerreosswncomcresssn,ee o more moerae, vansn a= anereaerncreasesueo owe su nes connecne comresse ar sourceoe acuaors aoe acuarorosssro omee sourc sesreemss.ure a sureac ennranceeooaeressur se measure aeneoe aeen one areae massow cane es sem,e su neosses acuaors,ncreasne mae.ors reason,e use o manosses are oe conc merans.soew-nneeos mseasn seuermnene ws,eseerrome unsea.ecea seu mne comressors or weeroee an enne ornsa aecae un. cro- aneneanacsec o moe a mLacuaon one ouer wn .ereaer, exerencesa an naonsse-us aerocnaemacru cereneran reures unerovenL≈on. eerure m aovemen o a conro surace or .ene enre arra o ss acvae ae uroorae≈even arecon normaoe,e moe ma reansrmme conon nose-L,trim. orncreaseermoss aroxmae .owever,ena aucearuresoowe aare noseownrena reversesse once aan ro a sa wncr neeaese cnosnec-oeonce c.onros weocun reueus rree ruarn secnso crosnoroe aaocrem onsea w mnos. reconreacnes w s an usne same sze acuaors orenene same ow usoveneecve, asncreaseermmeL≈. aenca maxmum masscoue ^^4,ℳ=..oue a a smaerressurero acrosse acuaora^^enuoseous moreowrou , comarnewo acuaon ssems aencaasaarere ae concuson.weenesoeer wen a “care aroac”sarerane eec su oracee assos esveeeow.e eec o s onecs muc exame:esenerae a ≈n - a. α° wereeows aace everwere.or owese ^^ ueLMsame mas rseaowveoeaseneow ae smaes mass s were nose-ucearure.eenarera,ee o snwee anes ≈ en -. ar more eecve an cover aarer surace areaane sea ran amen avanae.es,owever, moeraeecearureses, anaser maor reurn a smer conroero mananermme aeronoreconsereore acaon.e., wen arras o cose sacees ar namc cenerna moe o wceoourracne o o voorwces couure aso reveeaneerreee .reecen moon u s ose. oveou susreaaceur ser oeamnesromncreasnncencene asence o acuaon,sencrease o serve we oron oe ouoar wn. α=°,e surace sreamn sanwseow overe a °oeree sream we a α=°eecome amoseasr arencne a aroxmae sanwse exen oae wn’s sanureo cener.anecoe wn’s over a cearures occurne rane o° α°,se sanee mos severe nose-unressurencrease overe ouer wn anus nos wseowaa resus aeowressureenerae neare oene-uocn momen. seemeause aso aecec-u,us acon wou no exaarn srmaezoaar oe wn wou ac wn.s nowsann,e exsence o a maeareeecavor on a sme swe examnne ooweweene aner-sr ure ceen oenrnseern.oar wn e reaacmenneasacnsooras vserome crannoar, rea αc=n° a rmose roo oe wn.e reaacmennes mosaraeoe neare wn aono,u aroaceserom aonocae aroxmae mwaeweene roo see c mraonve,s co awnacrnom we suerace n asear aer coraacne.ses croaonrnue ooeeecee sruaoens osaesa mnawrseeow ceau mseovemene c orane. reasa mcmenavneeoeware voerex. core αr=omo,e seurace waa erome suraceus ouoar oe cran an wasuse eree sream s e an ouoaroware wn. eowne. was consrucease onrevousoowar e scemaca oe vorex core a α=s sownnure eroen sme-wns weree vorexreaown an exeorenc weer we an w oown oerocess a smancremens o α e more moerae, aownusownsream oe cran, ans .eocus oe searaon occurs ae ure r more ca was accumua mear ae eeer “”nure.ne-wn eoorn oe vorex ons searaonecause oe more moeraeo. oserven one ane wn exans ra ecause o vorexreaown as was sown a wn were aruesn waer serveo vsuazeeow, ane are aove wnuseausc-o esaoou wnrae rr r eve vrosare.x overaes aaraoeroon oee w one, a osu ser wn anocae eweenewo “”snure.e exen oesanceeweeneeenwe oowncave oe sren oe vorex ansocaon.eneraes a oeers “”s e as cear vse one-wnueo accumua ow-ressureue near eoemare eer “” ane asence o aorn o s caarces comnrom execs aueeween ono wns an a sronr vor ons wn.us, one e vorex reaaceseow neare an meres weexn “e” oeen oe . ence,eo oe ansa aovee ouer wnowerseressure me wn. over a smaα over, crean a nose-ownc.ncreas omenarn aoa searaon oeow overe ouer w nencenceurer resus an movne searaonocaonnoar on, srenenne onenner wn resun a sron nose uc.mar oservaonse ure α =°.o eecs moe usn oow an .ne ’s cas wee,ree mae wa oservser one canene rausa wasnenonaace oose a cran oee-w an aru conro oecna case was aane socae neare oe ouer wnn..eoe saenroucon o s neare oe ouer wnreveneeeneraon^^.,nwseow nears,us avone nose-u cearure. α=° ans moseres a sron sanwseowne cran reonnoar oers ureowerownroaa resonseore nose-ucas reave weaors- av s muc sroneran ^^4,0=. e secon curvenure.s mus acceeeen exacerae esaearance oe rome ouer wnueoe vseera neoarn oee o suraec ceranow, a unsreea smur oace seanws aerraow., so α=rom°,n a searaonocuss oe cran reon a α=°,saeare.o eecs are a en vse neare ure. α=°,e searaonocus move us ssocae w nose-owncarer, suesnae onenoar wnsre sarmon oe anecame muc cearure wncreasn αure.enro er,us resumne nose-u usreamu as eecve ases, resuen moucon o sao no enran cearure re moerae nose-u an nose-own o csecuree r. navenoreeaoesesuor vewne suraceow,e acuaon was erenocao rs oneenen acvae acuaors aenca orenaonu o acua ns aone sanure.eo reveasae mosnoarocaearnu oors are mos eecve, enanrmmeL≈.orear o savn aoarmme o=e. sam,e annue ourecoeoware mear o acuaors o.owever,e acLuaon nearearar enaermmn uoL=. ure ue ouoare ene cran exe a ver sron nose-ownLMecause no resun an no rae onenner wn, wee same acuaon neare marrense- woawsn osc wncreasnncence aoveL. ure. overa eec on wasrea reerve usnnvuaars o s, exceaerrmme cononLsMu uce.or exame,e mosnoarar os enae enerae a . uroeL=o.omoer.e same massow use ear o saare nose-oLwncearu owever, wee sron nu creae a ver eecve emnaesrenre arouurenoL=o. ureoe,e sron nu comnromenoar wnorocee amone.e su oessae revenee an ouoarars o acuaors were eveness e e ouoar wn.e me manuerom.o. aar anecve anncreasne ^^4,ℳan orer o a erLureoom cener r. eec on mananne aeronamc cener uroseore use osnavor os m eavore, exceoreacae man sur sesso exoreeoena use o o reace convenona conro suarces.e conro oaw cane aane an acuaono a sne wn an acuacneaseneaw, assumnae moes smmercane asence o secoanoanr.mnorsa cnacsee,ecaeusoeaeouwrearo cnon osumee acaeo ancsua soorrs, a ann cae ssems o oca sorae neee.ecuasso oan aareawn momene aumene accomann ro an a smaneracon w co enae a coornan w a sma ann oros eurn wou oeanen a urLeNou ,ae.neera uesnnesa arrse oeces ornaers s oame orsesr soo-wnnure. reerences areseo-o-oomneeen.s assume o-oom ases mos neeeurn cruse anoerecauseas a aeaw conro auoraeo anannereore,mnenc n conro suraces cane use on ..es ouerormes susanaen,c aenoe° α° corresonnoLaearsoe aoo coceors acaon as asncee mosnoarar o’s oome.s aroaces., ane rao oo conro≈s.cne meae ms ure c aerescrLeNeveowernenu o anoeLrNarLoLac anane c conro. uaorsa are useor e arane meoe are re ssuumsmaraze areocuosen on exe menaxnmueonuna sa marn o usn s an sor varous comnaons o numemrmme coecen aane enca szenozze.”x.”.nceere r anocaon oe acuaors o acuaoreens one acuaor’s ore con oeow emananrom an we.e measuremens naon,e eec o orenaon wasreese as anencen were carre ouncreasne massowroue acuaors uree creasn ^^4,0.e resus areoenure.oeaneooron o as ree,reneraenes w crce smos areecene same orero-o-oom ncecse aree suseeroor-o o-oeomnsneeen. area esase, we sa aannarer maxmum vaues oL,trimwas s were use covern ocus onscussnoena omzaon oes.en ncreas aroxmaee enre ouer wn surace,e maxmumrmmeuLs se aemowosen veaarues wa an mcrea-snar ^ o^4,0, asann-L,trima=a.ne a. ^^4o,w0e ≈ve.r,, wecaesr ar o wsn ccoreuasn aa ^^n a wLe,trnimoars. osnc wreeraes unse ^^4w,0as munrema, aon. evencreasen aL,trrimos neare cr4a,0n - no manaeo ex ene coses emere a=°normao.eerormance ceeL,trim=. wenees - was eve oe oerwoars os- cran reveaee ornenoaoroenr. oe surace sreamnes neare acuaorocae cosesoe ae mos crcaanceeen ecmea annanes.rormor exa aecrmuaenors w oans aemosarae mooeo ssue sreesamnes e mos eecve use o a sne was wen was oreneerencuar ea sreamnes.us, a canenrecon oewo mosnoar oe surace acuaorsurnenoar °=°,e eecvenes s was mae.enese susana a e use o a sne acuaor asnsc oe acuaonncrease was euree.sn veareusen oaon neoea a snsoecae o soemraerweas nae a ^u^re =er.romo. enere. a ceran an annca a s ureo r.e ecac4,0cL,trimoe same acuaorsn one reconrovnawn momen,LN,s asoemonsraenure eosm weroer a snu aesrsuomrero cvrusne coanreron aLor ≈ a. coocrraesonosn ann nou αm =e°.ns case, consere.LNr o acuaors avon anoncrnevaessenaeresseur eeeocr w oc one eecveness o annvua acuaor we wasu were eac oewo noz ernears were noesne, aarer area .eressu zemensons werencrease ,usncreasne an.o reossesrou s acuaor were measure anoenures ° reuar wnnsers wereu anese usn a sne acuaor orene a° ev seooeaerame, aenr cane reesuns areuoenure. manane consan ree was, we ^^4,0^^ ^^4,ℳvaues were c-uo=.. weee caresa enec avaerenecon ane was ^^ manane uo=. we reu nconse suowsnanLMa ae n.os.e- ° er.s excursonLwas vrua emnae a=° ownc excurson a mananeLuo=. aerescre ^^ .ncreasn we oeermme coue ee orcen caononro an socaoun o c are sanee a ma aceevvea aon ae srenaon oas se ueorn=cee°nce.esuns,. emeown aonaaaons wereaen a eren vaues o ^^4, ane cear rsr aaea acuaon a=°erormeesore conro oawas sownnure arenorc.na, aurnn maneuver soue maen a coornaeason a sscre rae ourn, weavn conro overc anan an manann aue an eene c.oseeroeoree,roeun couo anvoewseaesnerse.oreces acn c manomee cnosnrso aneaze a srns ae au one e an wnocae neare cran an oeran a amesurn cruse.aw caner ac reucnenuo a sne anor ac ove eae van anoer ocae neare wn. convenorna o con cane more eecve an easero conro ass anaoousoe cose coueeo anro s oou enr c oaces o a onvenoon na w ar wnan nee -s. esnnnvoarves manneenen varaesa are conceua wnesnrocessseermneromameers.us,e roe o ne acuaon serveeeroreren acaons e sarecauseeren moes o or maneuvernneu o convenon , suc as eneraon, conro oc, oeower on wc a conro suraces.ue sources exsore source ecae comr e acuaors re.omresse ar caneerome enne, or a arameers,e sezssnor, caoncaeon,ro nvumeer,o arn ea ocre ancauaoonr o or seu asceua oor asc cuaanores. ese wc maneraceren w convenona aeronamc consera eermne, seecon an wnanorma mancueeren semens s ons, suc as aro o swee ana earae cranscanenvove onee ceurrr.enesessn w seree, a useouoemeo wnsraee rcness oearameer sace even a sne sma suersonc seaea nesn wasrozen.eess sowa ave sucen conro auoro reasocae an oreneroer one wn can arra os.ee a ce convenona conro suraces ano- r5eace an ma reace sorea reaveoeane’sanorm areas oe orer o suca s sownmen comureex c,o snwreoe sunracees a ver eecve. surace o an arcra wn aoneean acuaors s werensaen an uer s wereara reace w s, wcn werraeense ees oe wn anese.ose eer resus comareoes.ne exame ournee,enren an wcrove eean ees are numere-.eran ees-o anree numse arensae. eses wereara reace sn ceraness,rovneer reresus.-e. aorrcraecenures aaesswou an emennae, verca sazer, anncuzoensa an sannzerene-wn-o“ ” conuraon.e conuraonran ee cer wn secon an an ouer wn secon connece aeean ee an conro o anra snusaeeween- an-, resecve.envenons acaeo exame,e arcra arcra conuraon usn s ors asescreeren.or o an eme s nomeo aaess arcra.e arcra ma comrse one or more “ue an wnnna”e,e as venr.ca saonazer,, oer a arcorrazona sazer, an mae a convenona ao mae an suaee o arcra, suc as suaee a arrccrraa or unmanne aera vecese..,rones,are or sman sze, or an oer an werearn. a su raeeace w mae us, azne. numer-ones areecenure esre con er os mae uzeoroveeo ex ro.or exame,ewersocae a ceranosons one wn an orenae a sneee,r ore asna ar o secse marecroovn meaeee ssurae, asescreeren.n some cases,or e conro.n numer osrom oneean e-onee, ore more mae uze, asesre. ona,s maerove one conroesre.reawenr ee, oro,eenn oneero,c,aw an amoun o es mae sacears ceanroveeer conroan arras o s.us,esre, w saceeweenerousr aaran convenona s,roueoeer anrove rove, orroven or exame,rous owo,ree,our, or mores mae rove on a wn, an avua conr ao sessreeocaons. ona, mues mae ns manner, arou o one,wo m conros acvaon o a or a suse oes.anem w anoerrou o one,,wree, or mores mae acvaenvua orn conroore arcrao wceo,ree, or moresorove aesre amoun o emananrom eac aso can wenrecse aace.erecone.., ane oee amoun o conroore arcra.eoca n seecereconsoroveeesre or eac resecves seecease on vaons oe acvae s anee ouu ane conronus receve,ocao rousacors, suc as ane o aac oe wn, esscussewer ceonn wons overe wn, anor an oer suaeacors. oer suaeu ouu oac. uenreeresneorove a nomnaue.., ar or e ouu oes mae conureo an seuaa cone ouonus.s we numer os, o conro. ona,e ouu oes maenamocarov coneroeesre amoun rane o ouusase one conons aneesre amoun o conreo.orove a s co ureeaseerormance os-, or smaer comnaons oose susamareoe same numer o s.n eac case,es ouerormees rovnna an.ocusn one orenaon oes,ure ecs resusorsean ee o oueu.e.,ee emananrom an n areconas normaoe sreamnes o ar wn=erees.ns case,e ouus amosaraeoe ouuo ane w over resee wn.e orenaon oes cane moeorece exame,ure ascoeean ee anore sreamnes overe wn.or as ane w resoeecsmrove resusorsrovn an ouun arecon ceran cases,ewer anecoeean ee oe wn=erees. ona,n os oeranne sas.e., or sroveeer resusan aarer numer rearoeean eem aen coonroens.e., s.renaon oe ouu w sncanmrovemenoe co sreamnes o arown overe wnroves e ureecse eeecce on o or.enaon one conro oc anaw.or reaes resus oure, a sne was orene a varous anesrom° ° a sveoeean ee oe wn.e resus sowae orenaon anocaon o an=e°er moarm aceve aeoas se u earcuar esn.cuaon os orc.us, eevenesore conro oawas sownne r se oure an ave sucen co a sne, sma asocae an oreneroer one wn can mrovnero re auoro reace convenona conro suraces. ean ee oe wnsu ans weurse w acevee s anne ouu w resecoe no normaoeean ee oe wnsream o ar overe wn.e ssreams ore aneeweene ssre ,e cane ane more oresso comensae exame,e noszzeescrore anere mnam a ma an e coee unesa ean oe e en s ae. ur wacne on a a wnn su, oae manner.or mae recessene surace oe wno reucera. re nozzeor an e coueoe wnn an suae manner, su n eer case,e nozze can suc as a nuoe ssem, rve c as wen or mecanca connecon, er comonens oes, or o areer snusaaee cnosnneecoen. e wn,useae, or oer arcra srucu arcra,or exame,nse on wce acuaors r re.ue sources exsore source oeower comressor canerovee.oro emacres asceua aorr c oarn suesee o arcomuaores. enune, orn aes,eocwaeer, reoc aerscsroarscnon anro seursa,een muamnns,er c,o smucre asssors, w aenn an or oer comonens cane mouneo rves,races, ec., we correso w suaeaseners, suc asos, exeror surace oe wnn aesnn nozzeosoneosenses ouu aone e arow ove rerecon reaveoeean ee oe wn or conroorcesur arnee wn momse a. nso ocn araramecn an arcra conro ssem o evce , arocessor comcmra.e conro ssem comrses a sorae or mores coueoeroucnescsave coueoe soraeevce , an one coensruconsa are soreneor .erocessor execues acaon momens anorces on arcra soraeevce o causee ssem o conro auesrom aer.or exame,erocessor receves conronusor evceor exame, a coneraevce, suc as a conroer coueo annu arcra.e conroroer sc ne arcra or a a conro saon conrone or caneeren,ore arc nusncae aesreorcenc, ro, anoraw, arcra ssems ra.erocessor aso receves sausnusrom oer an ane, sensors, or comonens ncan arsee, ane o aac, aue, eermnes,oca arow overe wn, or oer suaenus.erocessor execu,ase one conronus ane sausnus, an amoun o acvaono acvaeeoeesre aue an communcaesnsruconso one mores onsrucer a sec,e anme c,n a secerecon, an w a secerus. eacournsrusne seceonroer a recevesensrucons, conrose ore seceme anreconase one recevensrucons, an acvaese n ceran exames,e wse secerusase one recevensrucons. rocessor eermnes,ase one maave axe orenaon.ns case,e acvaono execueeesre conronus ane sausnus, an amoun o s o acvaeor a secem aue an communcaesnsruconso one more ,e conroer a recevese aenn wsruc a secerus. eacnsruce seceme an we secerusase onones r,e acneve acnvaese ore erocessonr cerane exearmmneess,,aese osne co mnaro asnouasve an axesr e saru uuc sso n onus. usu,. ans case, acvaono execueeesre aue an communcaesnsrucn amoun o s o acvaeor a seceme. eacnsruce ,eonso c oonner mooreer xea rerucesvesensrucons, an acvaese ore secemeo ouue a ma caa ocse one re nro mue mceave savnes arnuc .no nvns. su maa cnonnroera, or one or more conroers moreorces anor momens er,erocessor eermnes one ornus ane sausnus neeeoroveeesre aue,ase one conro roveeeermneo, an communcaesnsruconsoes o acvaeo e recevensrucons arcnes a acnvoare m aocmcoernsnoeo arrcorva.ene reseoenrmse,neeorcess ex aecue momenso nor e numer anee arr ooc ccr aeasos.enr oseermneos, acavseae o.nse ceoscnronus ane sausnus, acvae canrove more oress momen oror reeren,s a are one wn.ns manner,ase oneecsease oneocaon oe acvae maeermneo acve one or m re amoun o conro,erocessorocaons os aseenescureers .cvaon o varous amouns an ruer, eevaoer,r aonces asorerons, o arso can conreovo counsveneroenna. arcra conro suraces, suc asnus ane sa oer suraces,o conroe arcraase one conro er coumsonneunss. oe conro ssem maensaen an arcra.ocaena revmeo,e ceoraen a cormcraon,e wns m coammeunnscaaoensnewee aenrcrae c, we oer comonens are newor.or exame,es ane arcr omonens occurrn over a ensae one arcra, an a ssems, sensors, an comonens ma ouenesce remann comonens maeocae remoeoe arcra. es maesose onreeren asensose on an uer surace oe wn, acae oe wn. an suaeocaon one wn, suc as aower surace or ees erxam ceran examue eremo emoem mcesen n as. csomeu conm muacnn meacn aen a mo maue con accorance w varous comuers, conroers,rocessors rresono an oe comun ssemsre , servers, moeevces, emee ssems, or or sowa seneeren.e moue ma comrse one or morearware varous mree eoemse anns coroncesusrneounacconasereseen coemuerenn. macen ceomunn meracormnene ma,n a sc cesueme v maremouosrnerna, s oorr aaaec mee caomonens suc as arocessor , ssemusner ,nuouunerace , an a newor ssem, an emeo e crom com eum conun nr mca oaecn r, an we a ne ao, mw aaor serveer,m. a meomeneee as a convenona comuer ox, aos, a rouer or oer newor noe, a ve vce, a smarone, a se-o rocessors assocae w aeevson, cuarnormaon ssem, one more or an comnaon or mucer a cusomze macne, an oerarwareaorm, ssem conureouncon usn meuo.ee co cmomuun macne mae asrue newor orus n macnesnerconnece va aaa e oeraonse s anrsoce uem nscs.orona mae conureo execue coe ornsruconsoerorm anoerorm cacuao escreeren, manae reuesow an aress mans,o monor an conrns anenerae commans.erocessor mae conure rocessor maoee a oeenrearon oe comonensne comun macne .e recon a-uroserocessor, arocessor core, a murocessor, a seccunraereaeroc cerscsuor, a“ mcro”co,n aroraer,c asroa snarocessor“”, an acaon ae ar cessn un“”, aerorammae aeorac,“s”, arorammaeocevce“”, a conroer, a sae macne, m creearware comonens, an oerrocessn un, or an comnaon or unus, a scneerreooce.ssne corroec,e mssuorer mocaessen a c sonrese, sreocceassunr uonse, mroucessne crocessn rocessors, or an comnaonereo.ccorno ceran emo ores, co- aon w oer comonens oe comun macne mamee an vsr,uerocessor macne execun wn one aze comun e ss or more oer comun macnes. memor“ ”,emr memor mancue non-voae memores suc as rea-on rea-on memor“oramm”ae rea-on memor“ ”, erasaerorammaensrucons oraa w o ,as memor, or an oerevce caae o sornroram voae memores suc ars w raou aeower.e ssem memor ma asoncue “ ”,namc ranomnom access memor“ ”, sac ranom access memor access memor“ ”. access memor“ ”, an sncronousnamc ranom memor .e ssem memoreres m oaem aseom meae useomemene ssem or mue memor moues. ee ssem memorne ussne ac sne memor moue comun macne , one sene ar w reconzeaee ss aseme mnemoarr oe m suaece seecanroaerome comun macne wouearnrome scoe oe or oeraen coonun.co sou asoe arecaeae ssem memor mancue, e sorae mne wa, a non m-avoane soraeevce suc ase sorae mea . on memor“- ”, aa versacuee ascar“s”, a, ao s, a comacsc rea aas memor, oer non-voae memorevce, a s u-rasc, a manecae, soraeevce, an oca soraeevce, an eecro saerve“”, an manec soraeevce, an sca-ase sorae ca soraeevce, an semconucor comnaon or mucereo.e soraeevce, an oeraa soraeevce, or an ssems, acaonrorams anroram m mea ma sore one or more oerannormaon.e sorae mea maeoaru oes, suc as moue ,aa, or an oer .e sorae mea ma asoear o one o orr c mononeceo,e comun macne aren communcaon we comun macne surec o aser s comun macnesa cou sorae, newor aace sorae, an so ervers,aaase servers, con e moue ma comrse onoer o.r morearware or soware eemens rocesusrneounacaee comun macne werormne varous meos an onsrucconsreseneeren.e moue mancue one or more seuences sor ons sore as soware orrmwaren assocaon we ssem memor ,e macaene m oera , oro.e sorae mea maereore reresen exames o e comuer reaae mea on wcnsrucons or coe mae soreor execuon meumr oorcessor .acne or comuer reaae mea maenera reero an comuer rea mea useorovensruconsoerocessor .uc macne or rouc. saoue meea assocae we moue ma comrse a comuer soware ma asoe assoc aaerecaea a comuer sowarerouc comrsne moue oe comun mac wne one v or morerocesses or meosoreverne moue oer communcaon oreverecae newor , an sna-earn meum, or an crcus ornormaonor conurnnoo.e moue ma aso comrsearwarenormaonor an or oe arware crcus suc as mcrocoe or conuraon exernaevcenuouu“r”ne.race mae conureo coueo one or more one or more eexs,erona receevvecesa.aurocm exeer onnae ore mvoceres e axoenrna wevcees v,a arnouso snenernaaoe ma asoenown asereraevces.enerace mancueoa eeecvrcces ansca conneconsor oera coune varousereraevcesoe comuna m coamcmnuencaea ora,erocessor .e nerace mae conureo comun macne aresses, an conro snaseweeneereraevces,eomemen an sanar, onrereacrocessor .enerace mae conure aace “”,er canne, suc as sma comuer ssemnerace“”, sera- e, seraus,araeu e,erera comonennerconnec“”, exress unversa seraus“”s,, avuannceerecnoo aace“”, sera “ ”, nerace mae conureoo,mreemere, varous veouses, anee.e ernave,e nerace mae connure ono omnenerace orusecnoo. usecnooes.enerace mae conure aseamren mueneraces or conuncon w,e ssemus .e nerace m oa, anc ou, oer oon oeraen uersoruernransmssonseween one or more exerna e or more comun ma evces,nernaevces,e ecnener,ac orerocessor . evcesncun mce,oeucscre ma couee comun macne o varousnuoucas ens, scanners, eecronc zers, sensors, recevers, comnao,nrsaceraeos,. cameeras, mncerroaceones,e maoars, an oeronnevces, or an varous ou couee comun macne o evces, auoumaevonce csonncrou, rno voceo comsoanesn, ss,e aaceuras,orsr,n meorso,rsr,oeacnors,aceeeac ums,ransm s, soenos, vaves, eers, sna emers,s, an soor. oca connec coomun macne ma oeraen a newore envronmen usn comun macnnsroue newornerace o one or more oer ssems or newors ,eosca ac arroesase newor .e newor mancue we area wre newo newors ,nranes,enerne, wreess access newors, er rs, moe newors,eeone newors, oca newors, or comnaons maeo us.e ane c newor maeace swce, crcu swce, o anooo, annvove varousommuncaonrooco.ommuncaonns wne newor ma ocs, waveuesa, o ere acnr ancaao c coonmumcuonrsc,ao wnr meeessa sucns a,s aneren onasc, ca raeso,-rreee-sace communcaons, an soor. uenc macne e orrocees vsaorrouse mraeraes consnceucsseeoereen oroeur eemeens oe comun socuessoer are,c oareo.aecc sorsenm ssemus . ro ous ceran m eaxame we emnoemeroncse,ss aonr o,e oursoceessoer ere,n me oer eemens oe comun macne , ore varousererasscusse acaea“e”n,e orraeneov a sneevce suc as a ssem on c“”, ssem on users, or man m sauae uosnes on werscce. onaen sosrmemason,scuess ueserse mrea coeecroevrsoena wno arnm oaoonr aunou o aro ou ao unseor’ cso snocroa w neewoerr, sroocraam acs oornse oaru arcesv coeesc,r uoseerssnoonr,maone..,normaon user’s currenocaon, oro conro weer a user’sreerences, or a servera mae more reevanoe us anorowo receve conenrome conen more waseores sore or use,er.n aon, ceranaa maereaen one or or exame, a user’sen maer seoaersonaenaenormaons remove. eeermneore user, or a user’ae soa noersonaenaenormaon cannormaons oanesuc aso a cseoracocaon maeeneraze wereocaon o a user cannoeeermne.us, coe, or saeeve, soa aarcuarocaon coece aoue user an use a c,e user maave conro overownormaons momens ma comrsoen aen co smervuere.rrorama emoeseuncons sesscre anusraeeren, werene comuerroramsmemenen a comuer execeumesae conmsrurcsesonns.srucowoenvse sr,oren a macne-reaae meum an arocessora w soue aarenaere coue man eren noase o conmemenn emomensn comuerrorammn, ane emomens sou roramsrue asmeo an one se o comuerroramnsrucons.urer, a se escmoseer w eoue aeo wre suc a comuerroramomemen an emomen o e acaonmexo.meenresase one aeneow cars an assocaeescronn no consere ne ore,scosure o aarcuar se ororam coensruconss urer,osecessaror an aeuae unersann oowo mae an use emomens. escreeren s maeenere ar w arecaea one or more asecs o emomens e emoen one or moorme arware, soware, or a comnaonereo, as ma erorme a comuere comun ssems.oreover, an reerenceo an acen morean one comuer sou noe consrue asenerorme a sne comuer as an sowaree eaxamerer m or emmaoer emo mer enmse oess acc ar. neeren cane use w comuerarware s rocessnunconsescreeren.e cosmemuse,r, m ceomous,er a-nexecuroaceeu sreosweasrec,r oreeraen cr ccaunre. emeo soewarne a canroer samormea one comu,er-rea,aare mesa,. remoro evxaame me,e coam,uaesr-re maemaore m,e meam coarn snccu,e o aco s, maneo-oca mea,- , ec. a crcur canncuenerae cra mea, arras,unococ,erorammaeae arras , ec. cus,ae enerascos ane corresoeur n eems noexm aenns oures,sesrceoss nuoren areeneoscrme emno conmnecon w examesosescron.ne conrar,enenso cover a a ens osscosure euvaensncue wne sr an scoe o em ernaves, mocaons, an examesescreeren areuor so aso omens osscosure.e a comeescosure anescron oowroveose o ornar sne ar w orsaveeen maeo ensur o mae an useenvenon cameeren.emeraure, ec e accurac w reseco numerse.., amouns, s.o,eu un soemrse errors anevaons soue accouneor. escre, an as su ooasscosures nomeoearcuar emomens useere c ma, o course, var.s asooe unersooaeermnoo emnn.soreurose oescrnarcuar emomens on ans noneneo same meannne asss coemnmeon oe urnwesres,o aoecn oncea o an or scneanr scermns usee areroe wnacvee scosureeons. ou an meos an maeras smar or euvaenoos escreeren can asoe useneracce oresn osscosure, se an maeras are n ceran meos escree meuow osc aae nosnc osr r m ane. aeraaesnns cens seccaon are ceoscose an comeescosure o a sucu connecon w wceucaons are ce.e as eacnvu caons anaens areerenncororae reerencesncororae reeaucaon oraen was secca annvuancaeoe ano rence.ucncororaon reerences exressmeoe meoser maerasescrene ceucaons anaens anoes no exeno an excnooracaenonsrome ceucaons anaens.nexcoraca acanonn seucaons anaens ceas no aso exress reeaensne ou noereae as suc an sou noe rea asenn anerms aearn n aacceom anan sonu c naomse. cones crueao ans o an a anmsusoncaoanssorscsosusrceossu nreo ernoreooe anroevaee sucucaon vrue ororscosure.urer,eaes oucaon conrme c.oueerenrome acuaucaonaesa ma neeoeneenen eac oens wvuae a emaroenoose o ornar sne ar uon reansscosure, aneaures wc maemensescre anusraeerenasscree comonens oerescre emomen rsea w searaerom or comne weeaures o an oe rece meo cane carre ouounearnrome scoe or sr osscosure.nocaosse e orer o evens rece orn an oer oreras anoroe oeree. r a raarnces exresse, aurer asecncuesrome onearcuar vaue eacnervenn v uar vaue.ere a rane o vauessrove,s unersooa caes oerwse,aueew,eoeen oe un oeowerm unesse conex cearnervenn vauenae snaee r uer anowerm oa rane an an oer sae orowerms oese smaer raane,s encomasse wnescosure.e uer an are aso encomasse wnnees maneenenencuene smaer ranes an sae rane.eree sae ranescnosure, sueco an secca excuemne oro oosencuems are acsounes one oro oems, ranes excun eer sae ranencues one oro oemsc,uenescosure.or exame, weree ms are asoncuenescosure, e. ranes excun eer oro oosencueo ‘’ as we ase ranereaeran .,erase “xo”ncuese ranerom ‘x’ as an uerm, e.., ‘ao ‘x’ anessan ‘’.e rane can asoe exresse ranes o ‘aou x’, ‘ u x,, z, oress’ an souenerreeoncuee secc an ‘ess aou’, an ‘aou z’ as we ase ranes o ‘essan x’,essan’, e an z’.ewse,erase ‘aou x,, z, orreaer’ souenerreeoncue x’, sreeacerc raanne’s, o an ‘a ‘oruea xe’r, ‘aaonu z’.’,n a an ‘aoonu, z’e as wraese a “saoeu ra ‘xn’eos o ‘’ ‘reaeran an ‘’ are numerca vaues,ncues “aou ‘x’o aou ‘’” ”, were ‘x’ soue noea raos, amouns, an o. er er numercaaa cane exresse aree snn a raneorma. weurer unersooae enons o eac oe ranes s asno ucnanersoon reaonoe oer enon, anneenen oe oer enon. erenscooa a numer o vaues arescoseeren, ana eac vaues aso e vaue “s”e as “aou”aarcuar vauen aonoe vauese.or exame, asrom “aou”s onsecoasrec,uaern v “aauoeu, an”ors aos “oaosuc”os aeno.earnaers ccaunare v eaxuere.ssemearren, w uneenrs voaoues aare eexraerssceua ars v aaueroxormmas aonus,rer u assee oc.eo arn exeacemene, “aoeu v,”aue w “aoe ”sscose, anus, souoe een n u “ u s nere”rrss eo a eoso n aasc seuo xcse a. e r mananeneorrmoancsu useeor convenence anrev, exc rece asems oe rane,u asooncue no a onenev numerca vaues vaues or su-ranes encomasse wna rane, as eac nume ua numercas exc rece.ousrae, a numerca rane o “aouorca vaue an su-raneoncue no one exc rece vaues o aou o aou” so,uue asnoerncreuee anouvua, a vaouese.., aou, aou, aou, ec. ane su-ranese.., aouo su useoe areonu, ec. an oerosse su-ranes wnencae rane. ura reerens un ,e snuarorms “a,” “an,” an “e”ncueo snuar an s useessereen, c “oaneoxu, c”e “aarroxcmaaese o,”e “rwse. n connecon w a measurae varae suc as asusana,” anee, wen use anee, are meano encomass v arameer, an amoun, aemorauraon, wn exermena errorwc canareaoens o anrome sece vauencunose sanar, anor w, e.., aven coneermne, e.., avenaa se, ar acceenervarome mean, suc as var ncenervae..,,, or more conence -. oress o anrome saecones o vau-e oress,- oress,- oress, an erormnescosenvenon.s use ,nsoar suc varaons are aroraeo aou,” an “susana” can me eren,eerms “aou,” “aroxmae,” “a or vaue or a vauearoves euanae amoun or vauenueson canee exac eren.as,s unersoovaaen am resus or eecs as recene cams orau uanes an caracerscs ouns, szes,ormuaons,arameers, an oerarer or smaer, asesr are no an nee noe exac,u mae aroxmae anor measuremen e e, reecnoerances, conversonacors, rounn o, suca euvraroern, an ree, an oeracorsnownoose o ornar sne ar roves euva esus or eecs are oane.n some crcumsances,e vauea sz en resus or eecs cannoe reasonaeermne.nenera, an amoun, “ae o,ro armouu”a wone,aerra omre noer e oxr oresesr suaaneo ore c saurcac.erssc unse “rasooou,” “aa wroexremae,” or “aroxmae,” or “a or aou”s useeore auanave vaue,eara “aou,” e seccuanave vauese, uness secca sae oerwse.meer asoncues crcumsance,e ore srums “ouenon maa” o orr “ moao nnoa oc”cu mr,e aannsaaee seuscrseuoennnceuscresen even, weree even or crcumsance occurs annsances were sances susume we rnecea reosne oc nvuem raerca ranes enonsncuoeess n ao. numers anracons ar nes, as we ase rece enons. emomens aroeus emomens areescreeren. soue noeae secc asecssc nonene as an exausveescron or as amaonoeroaers no usseeren.ne asecescren conuncon w aarcuar emomen emom neecnesssa.remereoa emomen an caneracce w an oer emomen,” “an exencerouous seccaono “one emomen,” “an carace ame emomen,” meansa aarcuareaure, srucure, or emomresnc oesceren connecon w e emomensncuen aeas one emomen,” “n an enmvenoomnenes,”cr ore “an eexreamn.e emus,o ameeanra”ncne vsa orouseacreassesro “un oone usr seremcorec,aoen aarrec nuoar neeaceusrseasr, sru acu rreese,r orrn caoraceers sacmse m eamomen,u mau. suae manner, as woue aareno aersonavn orna e comnen an scosure,n one or more emomens. ona, we somre sne arroms erenncue someu no oereauresncuen oer em emomensescre eaures oeren emomens are meanoe wne somens, comnaons o exame,ne aene cams, an oe came emomcoenes oenvenon.or comnaon. cane usen an acaons cee comereenessceroesureu o ancuorocraaeons, rueerseneceaenocumens, anaen eacnvuaucaon,useaenocumen, oraen aoe same exen asou annvuancae a caon was secca e ex senncororae reerence. revous a ame ssems, meos, an acsescrene emomensresene eren orreer,unsraarvae,e an w,n a oneern aanovee erm, oommeen esn, creera,n a ancso cran comeenreormeewen a eren exame emomens, anor ceran aona acs caneerorme, en earnrome scoe an sr o varous emomens.ccorn, suc ae wrou emomens arencuene scoe oeoown cams, wc areoe acconave roaesnerreaon so aso encomass suc aernae emomens. ree aarenoaorsoeusav mno orcanaorns s an varaons oenvenonsescreeren we envenon. ou envenonnea asr weenouesceraernnr coomnneec socone an sr o emomens, we unersooas caae o w seccnvenon as came sou urer mocaons anae varous mocaons oee nsocree un mouesomr cearron su oc secc emomens.nee, oseavn ornar sne ar areneneoe wunee sncvoene oonean avreen oovn.ouso acaonsneneo cover an varaons, use snenera, s, or aaaons oenvenonoown, a come wenrnncowens c ousomeanrvenon anncun sucearuresromsscosure mae aeoe essenaeaurerascecree wnenoreee asrcroe w.cenvenonerans an

Claims

as cames: a. wn s csomemrosn con aroea mnom eense an anorces on arcra, comrsn: en a oerasen oene s suucersoan ace se oauueromesosse an on an uer surace o e wn,e o e wn. e w resecoeean ee o aou.eere sesseom o ceamrees, w wer reesneceeo oueeuarnom eee o se a wnne. w n a rane o aou.eere sesseom a oou cam,e wreeerse wne resee ocuoureomeaen ese a onee w wn.n a rane o aou. eer seessemo a oo cuam, wereereesn we rees oeucuoroemeaen ese an oee w wnn. a rane o aou. eer seessemo a oo cuam, wereereesn we rees oeucuoroemeaen ese an oee w wnn. a rane w res.ecoe seseeam on c eame o, wee wrenn.ee ouurome s ane erees w res.ecoe seseeam on c eame o, wee wrenn one anen ouoaru sroem oee wns. ane erees w res.ecoe seseeam on c eame o, wee wrenn one ane o ouuouarr some oee wns a.ne erees . e ssem o cam, werene aeas one comrses a sne . . e ssem o cam, werene aeas one comrses aura o s.a are ac.vaea sesenmv o cuaam or, wnerroeuns oe awoe oars m oonree. comrses aura os an were.neess ssaenm a o o came, ws aerere ancvaee a aease o snaemem coem.rses aura os, an on o.ne oe sseem oss c aacmva,e w aer aenmee. aeas one comrses aura os, an ae.e ssem o cam, werene aeas one comrses aura os, an auer oen oen aer ocrra moroe w ocee wssn acsv aaaeceo.rove aesre conroeenn on .e ssem o cam,urer comrsne arcrao wce wns aace. .e ssem o cam, werene arcras aaess arcra. .e ssem o cam, werene arcra comrses an emennae. sazer a.n ae sosrzeomn oa s caamzer,. werene arcra comrses aeas one o a vercaa w.n s cosmemrson con aro momens anorces on arcra, comrsn: wen m ean ee,e wnavn sreamnes o arow overe wn aovenroue ar an en orasen oene s suuersonc seae sose on an uer surace oe wn,e o arow overe wcn.a ae ouurome s ane w resecoe sreamnes o aou.eere sesseom o ceamrees, w we rreesneceoe oeu srueamromnese o arso awn oever we wn an ra.ne o aou.eer seessemo a oo cuam,e wreeeresn we rees ouecuorome sreeamnse asn oe a wn a rane wn. row overe o ao.e ssem o cam, werenee ouuromes ane wn a rane wn.u ereeso aou erees w resecoe sreamnes o arow overe o aou.ee sresesemo o a couam, wereereesnee ouuromes ane wn a rane wn. w resecoe sreamnes o arow overe w rese.coe ses sermea om cnaesm o a,r wowere ovnereee w onu.urome s ane erees w rese.coe ses sermea om cnaesm o a,r w oveerrene wene o onu anunrooamr see ose an wne.erees o aou.eer seesseom o caemrees, w were renseeceo oueu sreraommnees o asr a onveer we wnn a o ranne ouoar se oe wn. an .e ssem o cam, werene aeas one comrses a sne..e ssem o cam, werene aeas one comrses aura os. a are ac.vaea sesenm ov cuaam or,n wreoruens oew aoe oars m oonree. comrses aura os an were.neess ssaenm a o o came,s w areer aecnvaee a aease o snaemem coe.mrses aura os, an on o.ne oe sseem oss c aacmvae, w ae arenme.e aeas one comrses aura os, an a.e ssem o cam, werene aeas on eer oen oen aer ocrra moroe w o e comrses aura os, an au cee wssn acsv aaaeceo.rove aesre conroeenn on aace..e ssem o cam,urer comrsne arcrao wce wns .e ssem o cam, werene arcras aaess arcra. .e ssem o cam, werene arcra comrses an emennae. sazer a.n ae sosrzeomn oa s caamzer,. werene arcra comrses aeas one o a vercaa. ssemo conro momens anorces on arcra, comrsn: a weans c oonmeraws-ncon areoa sune ersone an a e wn neare oe wn, acvacon se oae sose aoneean ee oo an arcrao wce wns aace eaw-conro rovn aaw momen oson a onease o wnen ccom-coanrerooeocsao a osn ne o aoneawe-ceoanrno ee, a ocvea wonn a annner conro rovn acn momenoe arcrao wce wns aac oe.ec- aace..e ssem o cam,urer comrsne arcrao wce wnsro.v mne ao wo conro momens anorces on arcra, comrsn: wn,erovnen a oen ras c en oo enme s sr uus cenrso a ane aca seena e ouuee romesoses o ann ane u wer s ruersaece oeean ee oe w coe exen aen o a arnrome. rane o a.oue meeroees oo camere,e ws weren reseeceo oueuearonm eee ose a wnne. wn a rane o a.oue meeroees oo c aaomu, weerreeesn we rees ouecuoroemeaen ese a onee w wn.n a rane o a.oue meeoree os coa amou, weerreeens wee re osuecuoromeeaen es aen oee w wnn. a erees an.e meeroees o w cam resec, woereeneaene e oueu oroem wne.s aneeween w rese.coe meeeoan o c eame o, we wernen.ee ouurome s ane erees w rese.coe meeeoan o cam, werenee ouurome s ane erees e wns aar. ee oe wn on a se oe cosero an arcra on wc .e meo o cam, werene aeas one comrses a sne. sose a.one meeeoa on c eame o, we werenn.e aeas one comrses aura os wce. wne mse aaoce ac.corno cam,urer comrsnrovn an arcrao.e meo o cam, werene arcras aaess arcra.n a.ea ssemo conro momens anorces on arcra, comrsn: w s one aeas one suersonc seae sose on an uer surace o a a execue a so s aroracecse asoe orv n cc coe omem anunnscruacvoens coueoe soraeevce, werenerocessoro: a are sorene soraeevceo causee ssemnusncan rec aevees creonroonusor a auerom aereraevce,e conro receve srcenc, ro, anoraw, or caneeren,ore arcra a ausnusrom arcra ssems, sensors, or comonensncannrsuese, ane o aac, aue,an ane,oca arow overe wn, or oer suae acvaono exeecueremnee,esase one conronus ane sausnus, an amoun o communcaer ane ssreucc aue an secerecon, an w oensoru osneo m aocreeveseo aecsvreaeor a s aecuee.me,n a .e ssem o cam, wereneereraevces a conroer. ensruc.ones, s csonemro os ceam,o wurenrensorru eacnsruce, an conroer receves ore seceme an we secesrnus.e secerecon, an acvaese

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