Temperature sensor and preparation method therefor, and battery integrated with temperature sensor

Abstract

The embodiments of the present description provide a temperature sensor and a preparation method therefor, and a battery integrated with the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor comprises: a bottom-layer electrode and a top-layer electrode; and a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film and a carbon nanotube film which are located between the bottom-layer electrode and the top-layer electrode and grow together in an interlaced manner.

Description

A temperature sensor and a manufacturing method thereof, and a battery integrating the temperature sensor

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese application No. 202311316284.0 filed on October 12, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This specification relates to the technical field of battery temperature monitoring, and in particular to a temperature sensor and a preparation method thereof, and a battery integrating the temperature sensor. Background Art

[0004] Lithium batteries are widely used in power, energy storage, and other fields due to their numerous advantages, including high performance, pollution-free operation, and long life. However, their optimal operating temperature range is limited. Temperatures that are too low or too high can adversely affect the battery's discharge performance and service life. To monitor the internal temperature distribution of batteries in real time, battery management systems (BMS) and temperature gauges fixed to the battery's series and parallel aluminum bars are commonly used. However, these methods suffer from significant errors in accuracy and timeliness.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a temperature sensor and a preparation method thereof, as well as a battery integrating the temperature sensor, so as to obtain the temperature distribution data inside the battery quickly, in real time and accurately.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] One or more embodiments of the present specification provide a temperature sensor including: a bottom electrode and a top electrode; and a poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film and a carbon nanotube film grown alternately between the bottom electrode and the top electrode.

[0008] In some embodiments, the thickness ratio of the carbon nanotube film to the PEDOT film is 1:(2.4-3.6).

[0009] In some embodiments, the thickness ratio of the carbon nanotube film to the PEDOT film is 1:3.

[0010] In some embodiments, the carbon nanotube film has a thickness of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the carbon nanotube film has a thickness of 0.03 mm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the bottom electrode, the top electrode, and the staggered polyethylene dioxythiophene film and the carbon nanotube film are encapsulated in a packaging material, and the packaging material includes epoxy resin, silicone, ultraviolet (UV) curing glue, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide (PI), or polyparaxylene.

[0013] In some embodiments, the packaging material further includes at least one of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), aluminum nitride (AlN), or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0014] In some embodiments, the temperature sensor has a thickness of 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm.

[0015] In some embodiments, an interface is formed between the staggered polyethylenedioxythiophene film and the carbon nanotube film for electrons to transition after being thermally excited.

[0016] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the interface is positively correlated with the temperature sensitivity of the temperature sensor.

[0017] In some embodiments, the response time of the temperature sensor is positively correlated with the thickness of the polyethylenedioxythiophene film.

[0018] In some embodiments, the carbon nanotubes are high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes, and the bottom electrode and the top electrode are carbon nanotube thin film electrode materials, graphene thin film electrode materials, silk-screen silver paste electrode materials, copper foil, or flexible circuit board (FPC) electrodes.

[0019] In some embodiments, the bottom electrode is formed on a substrate, and the substrate is made of silicon, mica or polymer material.

[0020] One or more embodiments of the present specification provide a method for preparing a temperature sensor as described in any one of the embodiments of the present specification, comprising: forming the bottom electrode on a substrate; dispersing carbon nanotubes in a dielectric solution, and forming the carbon nanotube film on the bottom electrode by a certain method; growing the polyethylene dioxythiophene film on the surface of the carbon nanotube film by chemical vapor deposition; placing the top electrode on the polyethylene dioxythiophene film; and encapsulating with an encapsulation material.

[0021] In some embodiments, the certain method includes filtration, spraying, or membrane formation.

[0022] In some embodiments, the medium solution includes an organic solvent or water, the dispersion time is not less than 5 times, each time is not less than 30 seconds, and the ambient temperature is 20°C to 30°C.

[0023] One or more embodiments of the present specification provide a battery, comprising a shell, a battery cell, and a temperature sensor as described in any one of the embodiments of the present specification, wherein the temperature sensor is mounted in contact with the battery cell and has a signal output terminal extending to the outside of the shell, a battery cover is provided at the end of the shell, and the signal output terminal adopts a structure built into the battery cover or a structure external to the battery cover.

[0024] In some embodiments, there are multiple temperature sensors, and the multiple temperature sensors are distributed in an array. The location of each temperature sensor is configured as a temperature sensing point for monitoring the temperature at different locations of the battery cell.

[0025] In some embodiments, when the signal output end adopts a structure that is externally placed on the battery cover, a through hole is provided on the battery cover for the signal output end to extend from the inside to the outside, and a first sealing structure is provided at the through hole. The first sealing structure is configured to maintain the sealing of the signal output end. The first sealing structure includes a high-pressure sealing ring, a sealing member and a high-pressure sealing rubber. The high-pressure sealing ring is provided at the outer ring corresponding to the inner and outer sides of the through hole, and the high-pressure sealing ring in the outer ring is fastened and fixed by a sealing nut. The sealing member is embedded in the through hole, and the high-pressure sealing rubber is filled in the sealing member. The high-pressure sealing rubber has a hole body for the signal output end to pass through, and silicone and epoxy resin are used for curing between the signal output end and the high-pressure sealing rubber.

[0026] In some embodiments, when the signal output end adopts a structure built into the battery cover, a quick-plug structure is embedded in the battery cover, and sealing material is filled between the quick-plug structure and the battery cover. The signal output end is inserted into one end of the quick-plug structure, and a second sealing structure is provided at the connection position between the quick-plug structure and the signal output end. The second sealing structure includes high-pressure sealing rubber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] This specification will be further described in the form of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting, and in these embodiments, like numbers represent like structures, wherein:

[0028] FIG1A is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0029] FIG1B is a scanning electron microscope image of the interlaced growth interface of a polyethylenedioxythiophene film and a carbon nanotube film according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0030] FIG2 is a spectrum diagram of a composite material of a polyethylenedioxythiophene film and a carbon nanotube film according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0031] FIG3 is an exemplary flow chart of a method for preparing a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0032] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a temperature performance curve of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0033] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a time-current curve of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0034] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a time-current curve of a temperature sensor in a temperature holding stage according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0035] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a time-current curve of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0036] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a time-current curve of a temperature sensor in a temperature holding stage according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0037] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a time-current curve of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0038] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a time-current curve of a temperature sensor in a temperature holding stage according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0039] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a time-current curve of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0040] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a time-current curve of a temperature sensor in a temperature holding stage according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0041] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a time-current curve of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0042] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a time-current curve of a temperature sensor in a temperature holding stage according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0043] FIG15 is an exemplary flow chart of a method for preparing a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0044] FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery with an integrated temperature sensor according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0045] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of a sealing structure on a battery cover according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0046] FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of the arrangement of a signal output terminal and a battery cover according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0047] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 100, temperature sensor; 110, bottom electrode; 120, top electrode; 130, thin film layer; 131, polyethylenedioxythiophene film; 132, carbon nanotube film; 140, substrate; 1600, battery; 1601, shell; 1602, battery cover; 1603, battery cell; 1604, temperature sensor; 1605, signal output terminal; 1606, through hole; 1607, first sealing structure; 1608, seal; 1609, high-pressure sealing rubber; 1610, hole body; 1611, quick-plug structure; 1612, second sealing structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, the following briefly describes the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely examples or embodiments of this specification. Those skilled in the art can apply this specification to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without inventive effort. Unless otherwise apparent from the context or otherwise noted, the same reference numerals in the figures represent the same structure or operation.

[0049] As used in this specification and claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the terms "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" are not intended to refer to the singular but may include the plural. Generally speaking, the terms "comprises" and "include" only indicate the inclusion of the steps and elements specifically identified, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list; the method or apparatus may also include additional steps or elements. Numerical ranges used herein are intended to concisely describe each value included in the range.

[0050] Flowcharts are used throughout this specification to illustrate the operations performed by systems according to embodiments of this specification. It should be understood that preceding or following operations do not necessarily need to be performed in exact order. Instead, the steps may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Furthermore, other operations may be added to these processes, or one or more operations may be removed from these processes.

[0051] With technological advancements, lithium batteries are being applied in more and more fields (such as power and energy storage). How to ensure the safe application of lithium batteries has become a very important issue in the new energy industry. Understandably, due to the materials and properties of lithium batteries themselves, their optimal operating temperature range is limited (such as 25-40°C), and therefore they cannot be charged and discharged at too high or too low temperatures. If the temperature is too low, the diffusion rate of lithium ions in most electrode materials decreases, resulting in a decline in the low-temperature performance of the lithium battery and a gradual decrease in capacity. If the temperature is too high, the chemical balance inside the battery will be destroyed, and the rate of side reactions will increase, resulting in a significant shortening of the lithium battery cycle life and a decrease in its stability. Therefore, it is crucial to control the operating environment temperature of lithium batteries, and real-time monitoring of the temperature distribution inside the lithium battery is the key to solving the problem.

[0052] Existing battery temperature monitoring and management technologies often rely on a battery management system (BMS) for temperature acquisition and real-time monitoring. However, it's important to note that significant temperature differences across the battery pack during operation can adversely affect the accuracy of battery temperature monitoring and measurement.

[0053] Lithium batteries are sealed components, making internal temperature measurement difficult. This method typically involves attaching temperature wires to the battery's series and parallel aluminum bars to measure the battery's temperature during charging and discharging. However, this method only measures the localized temperature outside the battery, which can differ from the battery's real-time operating temperature. Furthermore, data collection and transmission are often delayed, potentially affecting the timeliness of high-temperature risk alerts.

[0054] In response to the above dilemma, the industry has not yet proposed an effective solution. How to quickly and in real time obtain the real data of the temperature distribution inside the battery is currently a pain point in the field of lithium battery safety. Therefore, this application provides a temperature sensor and its preparation method, as well as a battery integrating the temperature sensor to solve the above problems.

[0055] This specification provides a temperature sensor, a method for manufacturing the same, and a battery integrating the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor includes a bottom electrode, a top electrode, and a polyethylene dioxythiophene film and a carbon nanotube film interlaced and grown between the bottom and top electrodes.

[0056] In the embodiments of the present application, a fully flexible temperature sensor is obtained by the staggered growth of carbon nanotube films and polyethylenedioxythiophene films. The sensor is stress-free inside and can be integrated inside a battery cell without damaging the battery's electrode materials and diaphragm, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery and realizing accurate measurement of the real-time operating temperature inside the battery.

[0057] FIG1A is a schematic diagram of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of a temperature sensor 100 according to some embodiments of this specification. The temperature sensor 100 is a sensor that can sense temperature and convert it into a usable output signal (e.g., an electrical signal). In some embodiments, the temperature sensor 100 can be a fully flexible temperature sensor. A fully flexible temperature sensor is a temperature sensor made of a flexible material and has good flexibility and ductility. In some embodiments, the temperature sensor 100 can be integrated into a battery to measure the temperature distribution inside the battery.

[0058] As shown in FIG1A , the temperature sensor 100 may include a bottom electrode 110, a top electrode 120, and a thin film layer 130 located between the bottom electrode 110 and the top electrode 120. The bottom electrode 110 refers to the electrode located on one side of the temperature sensor 100 structure. The bottom electrode 110 may be formed on a substrate 140. In some embodiments, the substrate 140 may be made of silicon, mica, or a polymer material. In some embodiments, the polymer material may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), etc. The top electrode 120 refers to the electrode located on the other side of the temperature sensor 100 structure. In some embodiments, the bottom electrode 110 and the top electrode 120 may be used to respond to temperature and convert it into an electrical signal.

[0059] In some embodiments, the bottom electrode 110 and the top electrode 120 can be made of carbon nanotube thin film electrode material, graphene thin film electrode material, screen-printed silver paste electrode material, copper foil, or flexible printed circuit (FPC) electrodes.

[0060] In some embodiments, the film layer 130 is a fully flexible film, including a polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 and a carbon nanotube film 132 that are grown in an interlaced manner. The polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 refers to a film made of polyethylene dioxythiophene material. The carbon nanotube film 132 refers to a two-dimensional network structure formed by carbon nanotubes. In some embodiments, the carbon nanotubes can be selected from high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes. Figure 1B is a scanning electron microscope image of the interlaced growth interface of the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 and the carbon nanotube film 132 shown in some embodiments of this specification. As shown in Figures 1A and 1B, the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 and the carbon nanotube film 132 can be grown in an interlaced manner, and an interlaced growth interface exists at the junction of the two.

[0061] FIG2 is a spectrum diagram of a composite material of polyethylene dioxythiophene film and carbon nanotube film according to some embodiments of this specification, wherein spectral line 210 is a spectral line corresponding to the polyethylene dioxythiophene material, including a characteristic spectral peak of polyethylene dioxythiophene (referred to as "characteristic peak"); spectral line 220 is a spectral line corresponding to the composite material of polyethylene dioxythiophene and carbon nanotubes, including a characteristic peak of the composite material of polyethylene dioxythiophene and carbon nanotubes. As shown in FIG2 , a characteristic peak (i.e., a staggered growth characteristic peak) exists when the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 and the carbon nanotube film 132 are staggered in growth. In some embodiments, the peak position of the staggered growth characteristic peak can be located at 1000 cm -1 ~3000cm -1 Preferably, the peak position of the staggered growth characteristic peak can be located at 1200cm -1 ~1600cm -1 , 2000cm -1 ~2700cm -1 Preferably, the peak position of the staggered growth characteristic peak can be located at 1300cm -1 ~1400cm -1 , 1500cm -1 ~1600cm -1 , 2000cm -1 ~2100cm -1 and 2600cm -1 ~2700cm -1 Preferably, the peak position of the staggered growth characteristic peak can be located at 1331.323 cm -1 、1561.087cm -1 、2011.734cm -1 and 2665.029cm -1 .

[0062] The thickness ratio of the carbon nanotube film 132 to the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 has a significant impact on the performance of the temperature sensor 100. A polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 that is too thin or too thick can adversely affect the performance of the temperature sensor 100. When the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 is too thin, moisture or dust in the air will be adsorbed by the exposed side of the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131, thereby affecting the conductive stability of the material. When the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 is too thick, electrons need to pass through the thicker polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 after jumping from the interface before being transmitted to the electrode. During this process, some heat energy will be lost by the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131, and the temperature response time will also be too long. Therefore, in some embodiments, the thickness ratio of the carbon nanotube film 132 to the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 is 1:(2.4-3.6). Preferably, the thickness ratio of the carbon nanotube film 132 to the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 may be 1:(2.6-3.4). Preferably, the thickness ratio of the carbon nanotube film 132 to the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 may be 1:(2.8-3.2).

[0063] Preferably, the thickness ratio of the carbon nanotube film 132 to the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 can be 1:3. By setting the thickness ratio of the carbon nanotube film 132 to the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 to 1:(2.4-3.6), excellent conductive stability and temperature response time can be achieved. By setting the thickness ratio of the carbon nanotube film 132 to the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 to 1:3, the optimal conductive stability and temperature response time within the above ratio range can be achieved.

[0064] The thickness of the carbon nanotube film 132 has an important influence on the performance of the temperature sensor 100. If the carbon nanotube film 132 is too thin or too thick, it will have an adverse effect on the performance of the temperature sensor 100. When the thickness ratio of the carbon nanotube film 132 to the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 is constant, when the carbon nanotube film 132 is too thin, there are too few interlaced growth interfaces between the carbon nanotube film 132 and the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131, which affects the temperature sensing performance of the temperature sensor 100 (such as reduced temperature sensitivity, etc.). When the carbon nanotube film 132 is too thick, although there are more interlaced growth interfaces, the polyethylene dioxythiophene vapor cannot enter the carbon nanotube film 132 and can only grow on its outside, and cannot form a uniformly distributed and coherent material, which will also reduce the temperature sensing performance of the temperature sensor 100. Therefore, in some embodiments, the thickness of the carbon nanotube film 132 can be 0.01mm to 0.05mm. Preferably, the thickness of the carbon nanotube film 132 may be 0.015 mm to 0.045 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the carbon nanotube film 132 may be 0.02 mm to 0.04 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the carbon nanotube film 132 may be 0.03 mm. By limiting the thickness of the carbon nanotube film 132 to 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, excellent temperature sensing performance (such as higher temperature sensitivity, moderate temperature response time, etc.) can be obtained. By limiting the thickness of the carbon nanotube film 132 to 0.03 mm, the temperature sensing performance with the best relative effect in the above thickness range can be obtained.

[0065] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 1A and 1B, the interlaced polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) film 131 and carbon nanotube (CNT) film 132 form an interface between the two layers, which allows electrons to migrate upon thermal excitation. As will be appreciated, PEDOT is a conductive polymer material with excellent electron-donating properties due to the conjugated double bonds in its molecular structure that facilitate electron flow. Carbon nanotubes, on the other hand, are nanoscale tubular structures composed of carbon atoms and possess excellent electrical and thermal properties. Upon thermal excitation, electrons within the CNTs can acquire sufficient energy to migrate, demonstrating excellent migration capabilities. When the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 and the carbon nanotube film 132 are composited, the electron-donating properties of polyethylene dioxythiophene and the excellent electron transport and transition capabilities of carbon nanotubes are combined to form an efficient charge transfer channel (i.e., an interface where electrons transition after being thermally excited), thereby improving the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the composite material, allowing electrons to smoothly pass through the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 to reach the electrode, and maintaining low energy loss and moderate response time during the transition process.

[0066] In some embodiments, the interface area between the interlaced polyethylenedioxythiophene film 131 and the carbon nanotube film 132 is positively correlated with the temperature sensitivity of the temperature sensor 100. Temperature sensitivity is a parameter that characterizes a sensor's sensitivity to temperature changes. For example, it is the change in the sensor's output signal per unit temperature change. It is understood that a larger interface area provides more channels for electrons to transition after thermal excitation, resulting in better electron transport performance and higher temperature sensitivity of the temperature sensor 100.

[0067] In some embodiments, the temperature sensitivity of the temperature sensor 100 may be improved by increasing the interface area. Exemplary methods of increasing the interface area may include:

[0068] Step 1: Modify the surface of the carbon nanotubes. For example, the surface of the carbon nanotubes can be hydroxylated or carboxylated so that the catalyst in step 2 can be loaded on the surface of the carbon nanotubes.

[0069] Step 2: Adding a catalyst. In some embodiments, the catalyst may contain Fe 3+ The amount of catalyst added and the degree of dispersion can affect the interfacial area. For example, the more catalyst added and the greater the degree of dispersion, the larger the interfacial area. The polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 can be grown on the surface of the carbon nanotubes where the catalyst is loaded, so that the polyethylene dioxythiophene film 131 covers as much of the carbon nanotube surface as possible, thereby forming a larger interfacial area.

[0070] In some embodiments, the response time of the temperature sensor 100 is positively correlated with the thickness of the polyethylenedioxythiophene film 131. Response time refers to the time it takes for the temperature sensor 100 to receive a temperature change signal and output a measurement result. The shorter the response time, the more suitable the temperature sensor 100 is for rapidly changing temperature environments. As will be appreciated, the thicker the polyethylenedioxythiophene film 131, the longer it takes for electrons to transition through the polyethylenedioxythiophene film 131 and reach the electrodes, resulting in a longer response time for the temperature sensor 100.

[0071] In some embodiments, the bottom electrode 110, the top electrode 120, and the interlaced polyethylene terephthalate (PEDOT) films 131 and carbon nanotube (CNT) films 132 may be encapsulated in an encapsulation material. Encapsulation material refers to a material that protects, seals, and contains the internal components of the temperature sensor 100 (e.g., the bottom electrode 110, the top electrode 120, the PEDOT film 131, and the CNT film 132). In some embodiments, the encapsulation material can be used to isolate the internal components of the temperature sensor 100 from the outside world, preventing external factors (e.g., leakage of the battery's electrolyte) from affecting the normal operation of the temperature sensor 100. In some embodiments, the encapsulation material may include epoxy resin, silicone, UV-curable adhesive, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide (PI), or parylene.

[0072] In some embodiments, exemplary packaging methods may include:

[0073] Step 1: Pre-treat the packaging material to obtain a flowable packaging material. The pre-treatment method may include melting, dissolving, etc., and the flowable state may include a melt state, a liquid state, etc.

[0074] Step 2: Completely immerse the internal components of the temperature sensor 100 in the flowable packaging material and then take them out.

[0075] Step 3: The material to be packaged is solidified on the surface of the internal components of the temperature sensor 100 to form a packaging film, thereby completing the packaging.

[0076] In some embodiments of this specification, by encapsulating a bottom electrode, a top electrode, and interlaced polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) and carbon nanotube (CNT) films within an encapsulation material, the internal components of the temperature sensor are effectively protected, preventing external factors from affecting its normal operation, service life, and temperature sensing performance. By using an encapsulation material including epoxy resin, silicone, UV adhesive, PEEK, PPS, polyimide, or parylene, the temperature sensor within the battery exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, aging resistance, insulation, and thermal conductivity, ensuring secure signal transmission and reliable and timely temperature acquisition.

[0077] In some embodiments, the thickness of the packaging film may not exceed 0.5 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the packaging film may also be 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the packaging film may also be 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm. It is understood that the temperature sensor 100 needs to be placed in the battery for temperature monitoring. When the packaging film is too thick, the distance between the internal structures of the battery will be too far, thereby affecting the battery performance. By limiting the thickness of the packaging film to no more than 0.5 mm, the normal function of the battery can be guaranteed.

[0078] The packaging material may have poor heat transfer properties, resulting in heat transfer delay. To reduce heat transfer delay, in some embodiments, the packaging material may also include at least one of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), aluminum nitride (AlN), or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). These materials can be combined with the aforementioned epoxy resin, silicone, polyimide, and other materials to improve the thermal conductivity of the temperature sensor 100 and reduce heat transfer delay.

[0079] In some embodiments, after packaging is completed, the thickness of the temperature sensor 100 can be 0.3mm to 0.6mm. Preferably, the thickness of the temperature sensor 100 can also be 0.35mm to 0.55mm. Preferably, the thickness of the temperature sensor 100 can also be 0.4mm to 0.5mm. Preferably, the thickness of the temperature sensor 100 can also be 0.4mm to 0.45mm. In some embodiments of the present specification, by limiting the thickness of the temperature sensor 100 to 0.3mm to 0.6mm, the overall structure of the temperature sensor 100 can be made ultra-thin, ensuring that it will not cause space compression when the battery cell is working, thereby reducing safety hazards.

[0080] In some embodiments of this specification, a temperature sensor comprising a bottom electrode and a top electrode, and a poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) film and a carbon nanotube film interlaced between the bottom and top electrodes, provides an interface for heated electron transitions, allowing electrons to smoothly pass through the poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) film to reach the electrodes. This process minimizes energy loss and provides a moderate response time, enabling the temperature sensor to quickly, accurately, and in real time obtain true data on the temperature distribution within the battery. Furthermore, the fully flexible temperature sensor's soft nature creates no additional stress within the battery cell, enabling real-time monitoring of the battery's internal operating temperature without compromising battery safety.

[0081] FIG3 is an exemplary flow chart of a method for preparing a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG3 , process 300 includes the following steps.

[0082] Step 310: forming a bottom electrode on the substrate. For more information about the substrate and the bottom electrode, please refer to the above description.

[0083] In some embodiments, a substrate can be prepared through a molding process or other methods based on substrate parameters. Substrate parameters refer to process parameters related to the substrate, such as substrate size and substrate shape. Substrate parameters can be preset based on experience or needs.

[0084] In some embodiments, based on the prepared substrate and bottom electrode materials, a bottom electrode can be formed on the substrate by printing or other methods.

[0085] In step 320, carbon nanotubes are dispersed in a dielectric solution and a carbon nanotube film is formed on the bottom electrode by a certain method. For more information about the carbon nanotube film, please refer to the above description.

[0086] The medium solution refers to a liquid that can evenly disperse the carbon nanotubes. In some embodiments, the medium solution may include water, an organic solvent (such as ethanol, dichloromethane, etc.), and the like.

[0087] In some embodiments, exemplary dispersion methods may include grinding, ultrasonic treatment, and the addition of a surfactant. In some embodiments, the carbon nanotubes can be dispersed in a medium solution based on dispersion parameters. Dispersion parameters refer to parameters related to dispersion, such as dispersion time and ambient temperature. Dispersion parameters can be preset based on experience or needs.

[0088] In some embodiments, the dispersion time is not less than 5 times, each time is not less than 30 seconds, and the ambient temperature is 20° C. to 30° C. In some embodiments of this specification, by limiting the dispersion parameters, a better dispersion effect of carbon nanotubes in the medium solution can be obtained.

[0089] In some embodiments, certain methods may include filtration, spraying, or film formation. Forming a carbon nanotube film on the bottom electrode in a variety of ways can meet various production needs and application scenarios.

[0090] In step 330, a polyethylene dioxythiophene film is grown on the surface of the carbon nanotube film by chemical vapor deposition. For more information about the polyethylene dioxythiophene film, please refer to the above description.

[0091] In step 340, a top electrode is placed on the polyethylenedioxythiophene film. For more information about the top electrode, please refer to the above description.

[0092] Step 350: Encapsulate with encapsulation material. For more information about encapsulation materials and encapsulation methods, please refer to FIG. 1A , FIG. 1B and related descriptions.

[0093] In some embodiments of the present specification, a fully flexible temperature sensor with excellent performance and accurate measurement can be prepared by forming a bottom electrode on a substrate; dispersing carbon nanotubes in a dielectric solution, forming a carbon nanotube film on the bottom electrode by a certain method; growing a polyethylene dioxythiophene film on the surface of the carbon nanotube film by chemical vapor deposition; placing a top electrode on the polyethylene dioxythiophene film; and encapsulating it with a packaging material. The sensor has high temperature sensitivity and a moderate response time, thereby ensuring the reliability and timeliness of the internal temperature acquisition of the battery, so that the battery operates within a safe and efficient temperature range.

[0094] The temperature sensing performance of the temperature sensor will be described in detail below through Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4. It should be noted that the preparation methods, materials, and parameters described in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are intended only to illustrate the performance and preparation method of the temperature sensor and do not limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0095] Example 1

[0096] This embodiment relates to the preparation of a temperature sensor, which includes the following steps:

[0097] Step 1: Prepare and clean a substrate, using PET as the substrate material with a thickness of 0.18 mm, and form a bottom electrode on the substrate by printing;

[0098] Step 2: Disperse the carbon nanotubes in water by ultrasonic treatment, and form a carbon nanotube film on the bottom electrode by spraying after dispersion; wherein, the dispersion time is 5 times, the single time is 30s, the ambient temperature is 25°C, and the carbon nanotubes are metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (M-SWCNT r ), length 1 μm, thickness 0.03 mm;

[0099] Step 3: In M-SWCNT r Polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) thin film was grown on the surface of the film by chemical vapor deposition, M-SWCNT r The thickness ratio of the film to the PEDOT film is 1:3 (as shown in Figure 1A and Figure 1B, the PEDOT film and the M-SWCNT r films grow in an interlaced manner);

[0100] Step 4: Interlaced PEDOT films and M-SWCNTs r Film (ie PEDOT@M-SWCNT r The top electrode is placed on the film;

[0101] Step 5: Encapsulate with packaging materials to form a fully flexible temperature sensor.

[0102] The temperature performance curve of the PEDOT@M-SWCNTr film of Example 1 applied to the temperature sensor is shown in FIG4 , and the function relationship of the curve is:

[0103] y = 0.10 + 21.77 * exp(-(x + 20.38) / 18.98), where x represents the ambient temperature and y represents the temperature sensitivity;

[0104] According to calculations, when the ambient temperature is between -19 and -20°C, the temperature sensitivity reaches 5.6% / °C;

[0105] When the ambient temperature is in the range of 0 to 1°C, the temperature sensitivity reaches 4.9% / °C;

[0106] When the ambient temperature is between 19 and 20°C, the temperature sensitivity reaches 4.4% / °C;

[0107] When the ambient temperature is between 49 and 50°C, the temperature sensitivity reaches 3.7% / °C;

[0108] Generally, the temperature sensitivity of PEDOT:PSS film is 0.4% / ℃, the temperature sensitivity of carbon nanotube (CNT) film is 0.18% / ℃, and the temperature sensitivity of PEDOT:PSS@CNT film is 0.6% / ℃. r The temperature sensitivity of the film is compared with that of other films. r The temperature sensitivity of the film can reach about 4% / °C, which is significantly improved compared with other films.

[0109] The time-current curve of the temperature sensor corresponding to Example 1 is shown in FIG5 : As can be seen from FIG5 , when PEDOT@M-SWCNT r When the film thickness ratio is 1:3, the temperature rise curve and the temperature holding stage curve are relatively smooth.

[0110] The time-current curve of the temperature sensor corresponding to Example 1 in the temperature holding stage is shown in Figure 6: As can be seen from Figure 6, when the ambient temperature rises from 30°C to 60°C and then drops to 30°C, when in the temperature holding stage, the temperature platform remains relatively stable.

[0111] In summary, when carbon nanotube film and polyethylene dioxythiophene film (PEDOT@M-SWCNT r When the thickness ratio of M-SWCNT is 1:3, the temperature sensitive composite material used in the temperature sensor is composed of M-SWCNT r 、M-SWCNT r / PEDOT interface, and PEDOT composition, the electrons are excited by heat and then r / PEDOT interface and is smoothly transmitted to the electrode through the polyethylenedioxythiophene film. The temperature sensor corresponding to Example 1 has a moderate response time, high temperature sensitivity and relatively stable performance.

[0112] Comparative Example 1

[0113] This embodiment relates to the preparation of a temperature sensor, which includes the following steps:

[0114] Step 1, step 2, step 4, and step 5 are the same as those in Example 1. In step 3, the thickness ratio of the M-SWCNTr film to the PEDOT film is 1:2.

[0115] The time-current curve of the temperature sensor corresponding to Comparative Example 1 is shown in Figure 7, and the time-current curve of the corresponding temperature sensor in the temperature holding stage is shown in Figure 8. By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that compared with Example 1, the response time of Comparative Example 1 is shorter, it is more sensitive to temperature, and temperature overshoot occurs.

[0116] Comparative Example 2

[0117] This embodiment relates to the preparation of a temperature sensor, which includes the following steps:

[0118] Step 1, step 2, step 4, and step 5 are the same as those in Example 1. In step 3, the thickness ratio of the M-SWCNTr film to the PEDOT film is 1:1.

[0119] The time-current curve of the temperature sensor corresponding to Comparative Example 2 is shown in Figure 9, and the time-current curve of the corresponding temperature sensor in the temperature holding stage is shown in Figure 10. By comparing Comparative Example 2 with Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that compared with Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 has a shorter response time, is more sensitive to temperature, and is more prone to temperature overshoot.

[0120] From the comprehensive analysis of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that compared with Example 1, the thickness of the polyethylene dioxythiophene film in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 is reduced, the buffer provided by it is reduced, and the electrons in the M-SWCNT r / PEDOT interface jumps more easily to the electrode, resulting in a shorter temperature response time; at the same time, since the thickness of the polyethylene dioxythiophene film above the staggered interface is too small, moisture or dust in the air is easily adsorbed by the exposed side of the polyethylene dioxythiophene film, thereby affecting the stability of the material's conductivity.

[0121] Comparative Example 3

[0122] This embodiment relates to the preparation of a temperature sensor, which includes the following steps:

[0123] Step 1, step 2, step 4, and step 5 are the same as those in Example 1. In step 3, the thickness ratio of the M-SWCNTr film to the PEDOT film is 1:4.

[0124] The time-current curve of the temperature sensor corresponding to Comparative Example 3 is shown in Figure 11, and the time-current curve of the corresponding temperature sensor in the temperature holding stage is shown in Figure 12. By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that compared with Example 1, the response time of Comparative Example 3 increases by about 30%, and the change trend between different temperatures tends to be flat.

[0125] Comparative Example 4

[0126] This embodiment relates to the preparation of a temperature sensor, which includes the following steps:

[0127] Step 1, step 2, step 4, and step 5 are the same as those in Example 1. In step 3, the thickness ratio of the M-SWCNTr film to the PEDOT film is 1:5.

[0128] The time-current curve of the temperature sensor corresponding to Comparative Example 4 is shown in Figure 13, and the time-current curve of the corresponding temperature sensor in the temperature holding stage is shown in Figure 14. By comparing Comparative Example 3 with Comparative Example 4, it can be seen that compared with Comparative Example 3, the response time of Comparative Example 4 is longer, and the change trend between different temperatures is flatter.

[0129] From the comprehensive results of Example 1, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, it can be seen that compared with Example 1, the thickness of the polyethylene dioxythiophene film in Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 is increased, the buffer provided by it is reduced, and the electrons in the M-SWCNT r After the / PEDOT interface jump, it is more difficult to reach the electrode. In this process, part of the heat energy will be lost by the polyethylenedioxythiophene film, resulting in a longer temperature response time.

[0130] In summary, the thicker the PDTT film is, the longer the response time of the fully flexible temperature sensor is. Furthermore, the response time of the fully flexible temperature sensor is positively correlated with the thickness of the PDTT film.

[0131] An embodiment of the present specification provides a temperature sensor, comprising: a temperature-sensitive ceramic wrapped in a soft material, with flexible electrodes welded to the upper and lower surfaces.

[0132] In some embodiments, the temperature sensor may be a semi-flexible temperature sensor, which refers to a temperature sensor having flexibility and ductility between a traditional rigid temperature sensor and a fully flexible temperature sensor.

[0133] Thermosensitive ceramics refer to ceramic materials whose resistivity changes with temperature. In order to achieve miniaturization of semi-flexible temperature sensors and obtain better dispersion effect in soft materials, in some embodiments, the volume of the thermosensitive ceramic can be 0.09mm 3 ~0.2mm 3 Preferably, the volume of the temperature-sensitive ceramic can also be 0.11mm 3 ~0.18mm 3 Preferably, the volume of the temperature-sensitive ceramic can also be 0.13mm 3 ~0.16mm 3 Preferably, the volume of the temperature-sensitive ceramic can also be 0.14mm 3 ~0.15mm 3 .

[0134] Soft material refers to a material with relatively low hardness, good flexibility and certain elasticity. In some embodiments, the soft material may include silicone or polyurethane (PU).

[0135] Flexible electrodes are electrodes made from flexible materials. In some embodiments, they can include gold wire, copper wire, copper foil, screen-printed silver paste, high-conductivity carbon nanotube film, or high-conductivity graphene. In some embodiments, the flexible electrodes can be soldered to the top and bottom surfaces of the temperature-sensitive ceramic using conductive silver paste, gold paste, solder, or high-conductivity carbon paste. By utilizing diverse methods for soldering flexible electrodes to temperature-sensitive ceramics, various production requirements and application scenarios can be met.

[0136] In some embodiments of this specification, soft materials include silicone or polyurethane, and flexible electrodes include gold wire, copper wire, copper foil, silk-screen silver paste, high-conductivity carbon nanotube film, or high-conductivity graphene, which can make the internal structure of the battery flexible, avoid puncturing the battery separator, and effectively prevent corrosion of the electrolyte.

[0137] In some embodiments, the semi-flexible temperature sensor can be encapsulated in an encapsulation material, which can include epoxy resin, silicone, UV adhesive, PEEK, PPS, polyimide, or parylene. In some embodiments, the encapsulation material can also include at least one of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), aluminum nitride (AlN), or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). For more information about the encapsulation material, see Figures 1A and 1B and the related descriptions.

[0138] In some embodiments of the present specification, a temperature sensor is provided including: a temperature-sensitive ceramic wrapped in a soft material and having flexible electrodes welded on the upper and lower surfaces, so as to obtain a semi-flexible temperature sensor with high accuracy and good temperature sensing performance, thereby reducing the error in the process of obtaining the temperature distribution data inside the battery.

[0139] FIG15 is an exemplary flow chart of a method for preparing a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of this specification. As shown in FIG15 , process 1500 includes the following steps.

[0140] Step 1510: Wrap the temperature-sensitive ceramic in a soft material and maintain it under high pressure for a certain period of time. In some embodiments, 16 pieces of temperature-sensitive ceramic are wrapped in each square centimeter of the soft material. For more information about temperature-sensitive ceramics and soft materials, please refer to the above description.

[0141] In some embodiments, the high pressure can be 4MPa-6MPa, and the certain time can be 50 days-70 days. In some embodiments of this specification, by limiting the high pressure and the corresponding time, the temperature-sensitive ceramic can obtain a better dispersion effect in the soft material.

[0142] Step 1520: Weld flexible electrodes onto the upper and lower surfaces of the temperature-sensitive ceramic. For more information about the flexible electrodes, please refer to the above description.

[0143] Step 1530: Encapsulate with encapsulation material. For more information about encapsulation materials and encapsulation methods, please refer to FIG. 1A , FIG. 1B and related descriptions.

[0144] In some embodiments of this specification, by wrapping the temperature-sensitive ceramic in a soft material and maintaining it under high pressure for a certain period of time; welding flexible electrodes on the upper and lower surfaces of the temperature-sensitive ceramic; and packaging it with packaging materials, a semi-flexible temperature sensor with excellent performance and accurate measurement can be prepared. It has high temperature sensitivity and moderate response time, thereby ensuring the reliability and timeliness of the internal temperature collection of the battery, so that the battery operates within a safe and efficient temperature range.

[0145] FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery with an integrated temperature sensor according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0146] As shown in Figure 16, the battery 1600 may include a shell 1601, a battery cell 1603, and at least one temperature sensor 1604 as described in some embodiments of this specification. The shell 1601 refers to the external shell of the battery, which is used to accommodate other components of the battery (such as the battery cover 1602, the battery cell 1603, the temperature sensor 1604, etc.) and isolate them from the outside world. In some embodiments, a battery cover 1602 may be provided at the end of the shell 1601. The battery cover 1602 refers to the top cover of the battery, which is used to wrap and protect the battery shell. The battery cell 1603 refers to the built-in electrical energy storage unit of the battery, which is used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy during the charging and discharging process.

[0147] In some embodiments, the temperature sensor 1604 can be a fully flexible temperature sensor or a semi-flexible temperature sensor. For more information about the fully flexible temperature sensor, please refer to Figures 1A to 14 and their related descriptions. For more information about the semi-flexible temperature sensor, please refer to Figure 15 and its related descriptions. The temperature sensor 1604 can be installed in contact with the battery cell 1603. For example, when there is a single battery cell 1603 inside the housing 1601, the temperature sensor 1604 can be installed in contact with the outer wall of one side of the battery cell 1603. When there are two battery cells 1603 inside the housing 1601, the temperature sensor 1604 can be sandwiched between the two battery cells.

[0148] In some embodiments, there may be multiple temperature sensors, which may be distributed in an array. Each temperature sensor may be configured as a temperature sensing point for monitoring the temperature at different locations within the battery cell. In some embodiments of this specification, by using multiple temperature sensing points distributed in an array, it is possible to monitor the temperature of multiple points within the battery cell in real time, thereby monitoring the temperature distribution within the battery in real time and providing data support for the BMS's battery management decisions.

[0149] In some embodiments, the setting method of the temperature sensor can be determined based on the application scenario. For example, when the application scenario is an electric vehicle with high safety requirements, an electronic product with high user experience requirements, a medical device with high precision requirements, etc., multiple temperature sensors can be used, distributed in an array at different positions of the battery cell, and multiple temperature sensing points can be constructed. When the application scenario is a household appliance, power tool, etc. with low precision requirements, one or two temperature sensors can be used for single-point or two-point measurement. In some embodiments, when multiple temperature sensors are used, the output temperature of the battery can be the temperature and corresponding point obtained at each temperature sensing point, or it can be the highest temperature and corresponding point obtained from all temperature sensing points.

[0150] In some embodiments, the temperature sensor 1604 may have a signal output terminal 1605 extending outside the housing 1601. The signal output terminal 1605 refers to a terminal in the battery that can output a signal to the outside, and is used to transmit signals between the battery and an external device (e.g., a user terminal). In some embodiments, the signal output terminal 1605 can be external to the battery cover 1602 or internal to the battery cover 1602.

[0151] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a sealing structure on a battery cover according to some embodiments of this specification. As shown in Figure 17, the signal output terminal 1605 is designed to be externally located on the battery cover 1602, and the corresponding quick-connect structure 1611 is located on the outside of the housing 1601. The quick-connect structure 1611 can be configured to achieve a quick connection to an external device. Because the connection between the signal output terminal 1605 and the quick-connect structure 1611 must pass through the battery cover 1602, a high-pressure seal is required between the signal output terminal 1605 and the battery cover 1602.

[0152] In some embodiments, when the signal output end 1605 adopts a structure that is externally placed on the battery cover 1602, a through hole 1606 for the signal output end 1605 to extend from the inside to the outside may be provided on the battery cover 1602, and a first sealing structure 1607 may be provided at the through hole 1606. The first sealing structure 1607 is configured to maintain the sealing of the signal output end. The first sealing structure 1607 may include a high-pressure sealing ring, a sealing member 1608 and a high-pressure sealing rubber 1609, wherein the high-pressure sealing ring is arranged at the outer ring corresponding to the inner and outer sides of the through hole 1606, and the high-pressure sealing ring on the outer ring is tightened and fixed by a sealing nut, the sealing member 1608 is embedded in the through hole 1606, the high-pressure sealing rubber 1609 is filled in the sealing member 1608, and the high-pressure sealing rubber 1609 has a hole body 1610 for the signal output end to pass through, and silicone and epoxy resin are used for curing between the signal output end 1605 and the high-pressure sealing rubber 1609.

[0153] Exemplary sealing methods include:

[0154] Step 1: Open a circular through hole 1606 on the battery cover 1602. In some embodiments, the battery cover 1602 may have a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of the through hole 1606 may be 10 mm.

[0155] Step 2: Place a high-pressure sealing ring on the inner side of the battery cover 1602 and the outer ring of the through hole 1606, place the sealing member 1608 in the through hole 1606, place a high-pressure sealing rubber 1609 inside the sealing member 1608, and then open a flat hole 1610 in the high-pressure sealing rubber 1609;

[0156] Step 3: Extend the signal output terminal 1605 (printed circuit) covered with silicone through the flat hole 1610 to the outside of the battery cover 1602, and add silicone and epoxy resin between the signal output terminal 1605 and the high-pressure sealing rubber 1609 and cure them;

[0157] Step 4: After curing is completed, fill the inner side of the battery cover 1602 and the inside of the seal 1608 with sealant, and cure the signal output end 1605 again; place a high-pressure sealing ring on the outside of the battery cover 1602 and the outside of the through hole 1606, and put on a sealing nut; seal the outside of the seal 1608 with sealant to achieve a sealed setting for the entire part.

[0158] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the signal output terminal and the battery cover according to some embodiments of this specification. As shown in Figure 18, the signal output terminal 1605 is designed to be built into the battery cover 1602, and the corresponding quick-connect structure 1611 is placed inside the battery cover 1602.

[0159] In some embodiments, when the signal output end 1605 adopts a structure built into the battery cover 1602, a quick-plug structure 1611 is embedded in the battery cover 1602, and a sealing material is filled between the quick-plug structure 1611 and the battery cover 1602. The signal output end 1605 is inserted into one end of the quick-plug structure 1611, and a second sealing structure 1612 is provided at the connection position between the quick-plug structure 1611 and the signal output end 1605. The second sealing structure 1612 includes high-pressure sealing rubber.

[0160] In some embodiments of this specification, by setting two structural design methods of external signal output terminal and internal signal output terminal in the battery cover, the battery can be adapted to a wider range of application scenarios; at the same time, since the temperature sensor requires that the signal output cannot hinder the high sealing of the battery, the connection between the signal output terminal and the external structure adopts a sealed design to maintain a high degree of sealing and reduce the impact on battery performance.

[0161] In some embodiments, temperature data can be transmitted to the BMS system via wireless communication to reduce the use of wiring harnesses and reduce battery weight.

[0162] In some embodiments of the present specification, a battery is provided, including a shell, a battery cell, and at least one temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is installed in contact with the battery cell and has a signal output terminal extending to the outside of the shell, and a battery cover is provided at the end of the shell. The signal output terminal adopts a structure built into the battery cover or a structure external to the battery cover, which facilitates the preparation of a battery compatible with the temperature sensor in the aforementioned embodiment, realizes the coordinated cooperation between the two, and ensures the good performance and safe operation of the battery.

[0163] While the basic concepts have been described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the detailed disclosure is merely illustrative and does not limit this specification. Although not explicitly stated herein, various modifications, improvements, and revisions to this specification may be made by those skilled in the art. Such modifications, improvements, and revisions are suggested in this specification and remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this specification.

[0164] This specification also uses specific terms to describe the embodiments of this specification. For example, "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a feature, structure, or characteristic associated with at least one embodiment of this specification. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" two or more times in different locations in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, certain features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of this specification may be appropriately combined.

[0165] In addition, unless expressly stated in the claims, the order of the processing elements and sequences, the use of alphanumeric characters, or the use of other names described in this specification are not intended to limit the order of the processes and methods of this specification. Although the above disclosure discusses some of the invention embodiments currently considered useful through various examples, it should be understood that such details are for illustrative purposes only, and the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, the claims are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent combinations that are consistent with the spirit and scope of the embodiments of this specification. For example, although the system components described above can be implemented by hardware devices, they can also be implemented only by software solutions, such as installing the described system on an existing server or mobile device.

[0166] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the presentation of this specification and thus facilitate understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention, the foregoing descriptions of the embodiments of this specification sometimes combine multiple features into a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. However, this disclosure method does not imply that the subject matter of this specification requires more features than those recited in the claims. In fact, an embodiment may have fewer features than all of the features of a single disclosed embodiment.

[0167] In some embodiments, numbers are used to describe the quantity of components and attributes. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of the embodiments are modified by the modifiers "about", "approximately" or "substantially" in some examples. Unless otherwise stated, "about", "approximately" or "substantially" indicate that the numbers are allowed to vary by ±20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the description and claims are approximate values, which may change according to the required characteristics of individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should take into account the specified significant digits and adopt the general method of retaining digits. Although the numerical domains and parameters used to confirm the breadth of their range in some embodiments of this specification are approximate values, in specific embodiments, the settings of such numerical values ​​are as accurate as possible within the feasible range.

[0168] Each patent, patent application, patent application publication, and other materials, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, and documents, cited in this specification is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. This includes application history documents that are inconsistent with or conflict with the content of this specification, as well as documents (currently or subsequently attached to this specification) that limit the broadest scope of the claims of this specification. It should be noted that if the descriptions, definitions, and / or terminology used in the accompanying materials are inconsistent or conflicting with the content of this specification, the descriptions, definitions, and / or terminology used in this specification will control.

[0169] Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are intended only to illustrate the principles of the embodiments of this specification. Other variations may also fall within the scope of this specification. Therefore, by way of example and not limitation, alternative configurations of the embodiments of this specification may be considered consistent with the teachings of this specification. Accordingly, the embodiments of this specification are not limited to the embodiments explicitly described and illustrated in this specification.

Claims

1. A temperature sensor, comprising: A bottom electrode and a top electrode; as well as A poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film and a carbon nanotube film are interlaced and grown between the bottom electrode and the top electrode. 2 . The temperature sensor according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness ratio of the carbon nanotube film to the PEDOT film is 1:(2.4-3.6). 3 . The temperature sensor according to claim 2 , wherein a thickness ratio of the carbon nanotube film to the PEDOT film is 1:

3. 4 . The temperature sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the carbon nanotube film has a thickness of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm. The temperature sensor according to claim 4 , wherein the carbon nanotube film has a thickness of 0.03 mm.

6. The temperature sensor according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the bottom electrode, the top electrode, and the polyethylenedioxythiophene film and the carbon nanotube film grown in an interlaced manner are encapsulated in a packaging material, and the packaging material comprises epoxy resin, silicone, ultraviolet light (UV) curing glue, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide (PI), or polyparaxylene. 7 . The temperature sensor according to claim 6 , wherein the packaging material further comprises at least one of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), aluminum nitride (AlN) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

8. The temperature sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the thickness of the temperature sensor is 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm.

9. The temperature sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an interface for electrons to transition after being thermally excited is formed between the staggeredly grown polyethylenedioxythiophene films and the carbon nanotube films. 10 . The temperature sensor according to claim 9 , wherein the area of ​​the interface is positively correlated with the temperature sensitivity of the temperature sensor. 11 . The temperature sensor according to claim 1 , wherein a response time of the temperature sensor is positively correlated with a thickness of the polyethylenedioxythiophene film.

12. The temperature sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein The carbon nanotubes are high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes, and The bottom electrode and the top electrode are made of carbon nanotube thin film electrode material, graphene thin film electrode material, silk screen silver paste electrode material, copper foil, or flexible printed circuit (FPC) electrode.

13. The temperature sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the bottom electrode is formed on a substrate, and the substrate is made of silicon, mica or polymer material.

14. A method for preparing the temperature sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising: forming the bottom electrode on the substrate; Dispersing carbon nanotubes in a medium solution, and forming the carbon nanotube film on the bottom electrode by a certain method; Growing the polyethylenedioxythiophene film on the surface of the carbon nanotube film by chemical vapor deposition; placing the top electrode on the polyethylenedioxythiophene film; as well as Encapsulated with encapsulation material.

15. The preparation method according to claim 14, wherein the certain method comprises suction filtration, spraying, or film making.

16. The preparation method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the medium solution comprises an organic solvent or water, the dispersion time is not less than 5 times, each time is not less than 30 seconds, and the ambient temperature is 20°C to 30°C.

17. A battery comprising a housing, a battery cell, and at least one temperature sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein: The temperature sensor is installed in close contact with the battery cell and has a signal output terminal extending to the outside of the housing. The end of the housing is provided with a battery cover, and the signal output end is built into the battery cover or is externally disposed on the battery cover. The structure of the battery cover.

18. The battery according to claim 17, wherein the number of the temperature sensors is multiple, the multiple temperature sensors are distributed in an array, and the location of each temperature sensor is configured as a temperature sensing point for monitoring the temperature at different positions of the battery cell.

19. The battery according to claim 17 or 18, wherein when the signal output terminal is externally disposed on the battery cover, The battery cover is provided with a through hole for the signal output end to extend from the inside to the outside, and the through hole is provided with a first sealing structure, and the first sealing structure is configured to maintain the sealing of the signal output end, and the first sealing structure includes a high-pressure sealing ring, a sealing member and a high-pressure sealing rubber. The high-pressure sealing ring is arranged at the outer ring corresponding to the inner and outer sides of the through hole, and the high-pressure sealing ring in the outer ring is locked and fixed by a sealing nut, the sealing component is embedded in the through hole, the high-pressure sealing rubber is filled in the sealing component, and the high-pressure sealing rubber has a hole body for the signal output end to pass through, and silicone and epoxy resin are used for curing between the signal output end and the high-pressure sealing rubber.

20. The battery according to claim 17 or 18, wherein when the signal output terminal is built into the battery cover, The battery cover is embedded with a quick-insertion structure, and a sealing material is filled between the quick-insertion structure and the battery cover. The signal output end is inserted into one end of the quick-insertion structure, and a second sealing structure is provided at the connection position between the quick-insertion structure and the signal output end, and the second sealing structure includes a high-pressure sealing rubber.

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