Variable-cross-section template and construction method for variable-cross-section immersed tube

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of immersed tube construction, and in particular to a variable-cross-section template and a construction method for a variable-cross-section immersed tube. The variable-cross-section template comprises an inner template system and an outer template system, wherein the inner template system is located inside the outer template system; two outer sides of the inner template system are provided with first inclined faces inclined inwardly toward each other, two inner sides of the outer template system are provided with second inclined faces inclined inwardly toward each other, and each second inclined face corresponds to the first inclined face on the same side; and casting is performed in an area between the inner template system and the outer template system to form an immersed tube. During the casting of the immersed tube, an inclined side wall is provided between each second inclined face and the first inclined face on the same side to form a flared section of the immersed tube, and then the immersed tube enables lane confluence by means of the flared section. The immersed tube is cast by means of the variable-cross-section template of the present application, so that the immersed tube has the flared section, and the variable-cross-section immersed tube is formed, thereby meeting the construction requirements.

Description

A variable-section template and a construction method for a variable-section immersed tube

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese invention patent application (application number: 202410379087.1) filed on March 29, 2024. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of immersed tube construction, and in particular to a variable-section template and a construction method for a variable-section immersed tube. Background Art

[0003] The casting of large-scale immersed tubes is a dangerous and major engineering operation, and generally adopts a standardized steel structure formwork structure, usually in a modular application form, divided into main parts such as the bottom plate, wall, and top plate; the existing immersed tube formwork structure is generally reused for segment casting, that is, one model is used for casting all segments and parts.

[0004] However, the existing immersed tube formwork structure has a single versatility and is only suitable for the prefabrication of immersed tubes of fixed specifications and models. It has poor flexibility. When the size of the immersed tube structure changes, the formwork will become unsuitable. For example, in the construction of urban immersed tube tunnels, when the depth of the buried section at the end of the immersed tube is small, it is necessary to complete the convergence at the end of the immersed tube, that is, 8 lanes become 6 lanes. As shown in Figure 1, it is necessary to set a trumpet section 100 at the end of the immersed tube, that is, the end of the immersed tube has a variable cross-section, forming a variable-section immersed tube 10 to achieve lane convergence. The existing immersed tube formwork has a single versatility and poor flexibility. It is only suitable for the prefabrication of immersed tubes of fixed specifications and models, and is difficult to be applied to the casting of variable-section immersed tubes, and cannot meet construction requirements.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a variable-section template and a construction method for a variable-section immersed tube in view of the problem that the existing immersed tube template structure in the background technology is only suitable for the prefabrication of immersed tubes of fixed specifications and models, and is difficult to be applied to the casting of variable-section immersed tubes.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A variable-section formwork comprises an inner formwork system and an outer formwork system, wherein the inner formwork system is located inside the outer formwork system;

[0009] The two outer sides of the inner formwork system have first inclined surfaces that are relatively inclined inward, and the two inner sides of the outer formwork system have second inclined surfaces that are relatively inclined inward, and the second inclined surfaces correspond to the first inclined surfaces on the same side;

[0010] The area between the inner formwork system and the outer formwork system is cast to form a variable-section immersed tube.

[0011] The variable-section formwork described in the present application has an inner formwork system located inside the outer formwork system, and the two outer sides of the inner formwork system have first inclined surfaces relatively inclined inwardly, and the two inner sides of the outer formwork system have second inclined surfaces relatively inclined inwardly, and the second inclined surfaces correspond to the first inclined surfaces on the same side. When casting the immersed tube, an inclined side wall is provided between the second inclined surface and the first inclined surface on the same side, forming a trumpet section of the immersed tube, and then the immersed tube realizes lane confluence through the trumpet section. The immersed tube is cast by the variable-section formwork of the present application, so that the immersed tube has a trumpet section, forming a variable-section immersed tube, thereby meeting construction requirements.

[0012] Preferably, the outer formwork system comprises two outer formwork frames arranged opposite to each other, the tops of the outer formwork frames are connected with tie rod trusses, the tie rod trusses and the outer formwork frames form a frame structure, and the inner formwork system is located within the frame structure;

[0013] It also includes an outer mold compensation block, which is installed at the turning point of the outer mold frame.

[0014] The outer mold compensation block is installed at the turning point of the outer mold frame, and the shape of the outer mold frame is changed by the outer mold compensation block so that the two inner sides of the outer mold frame have a second inclined surface relatively inclined inward, and then the two inner sides of the outer formwork system have a second inclined surface relatively inclined inward. By setting the outer mold compensation block, the outer formwork system can adapt to the variable-section immersed tube structure, so that the variable-section immersed tube casting can be carried out through the outer formwork system and the inner formwork system.

[0015] Preferably, the outer mold frame includes oblique segment trusses and straight segment trusses, and the outer mold compensation block is arranged between the oblique segment trusses and the straight segment trusses. The outer mold compensation block is installed in the outer mold frame to enable the outer mold frame to turn, thereby enabling the outer mold frame to adapt to variable cross-section immersed tube structures.

[0016] Preferably, an anti-floating structure is included, the anti-floating structure is provided at the bottom of the outer mold frame, and the anti-floating structure is connected to the outer mold frame;

[0017] It also includes a horizontal support structure, which is located on a side of the outer mold frame away from the outer mold, and the horizontal support structure is in contact with the lower part of the outer mold frame.

[0018] The outer mold frame is fixed by setting an anti-floating structure at the bottom of the outer mold frame to resist the buoyancy of the bottom of the outer mold frame, ensuring the safety and stability of the outer mold frame;

[0019] By setting a horizontal support structure to abut the lower part of the outer formwork frame, the rigidity of the outer formwork frame is increased, and the formwork expansion phenomenon is avoided when pouring concrete.

[0020] Preferably, it further comprises an oblique brace connected to a side of the outer mold frame away from the outer mold. By providing the oblique brace to support the outer mold frame, the stability of the outer mold frame is ensured.

[0021] Preferably, the inner template system comprises an outer mold, a middle cavity mold and an inner mold connected in sequence;

[0022] It also includes an inner mold compensation template, which includes a middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block and a side mold compensation block. The middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block is installed between the outer mold and the middle cavity mold, and the side mold compensation block is installed at the turning point of the outer mold.

[0023] The middle cavity variable section compensation block is installed between the outer mold and the middle cavity mold, and the side mold compensation block is installed at the turning point of the outer mold. The shape of the inner formwork system is changed by the middle cavity variable section compensation block and the side mold compensation block, so that the two outer sides of the inner formwork system have a first inclined surface that is relatively inclined inward; by setting the middle cavity variable section compensation block and the side mold compensation block, the inner membrane plate system can adapt to the variable section immersed tube structure, so that the variable section immersed tube casting can be carried out through the inner membrane plate system and the outer formwork system.

[0024] Preferably, one side of the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block is connected to the middle cavity mold, and the other side of the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block supports the outer mold through a telescopic rod.

[0025] By installing the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block between the outer mold and the middle cavity mold, the cross-sectional shape of the inner formwork system is changed, so that the inner formwork system can cast the immersed tube trumpet section, and form a variable cross-section immersed tube in and out. While adding the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block to the middle cavity mold, the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block also supports the outer mold through the telescopic rod. During the construction process, the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod is controlled to control the retraction and expansion of the outer formwork, so that the outer formwork can be retracted and extended according to construction needs, thereby achieving the normal use of the outer formwork after adding the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block.

[0026] Preferably, the middle cavity mold includes a middle cavity top mold, a middle cavity main beam and a middle cavity support leg which are sequentially connected from top to bottom;

[0027] The middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block includes a top mold compensation block and a main beam compensation block connected up and down;

[0028] One side of the top mold compensation block is connected to the middle cavity top mold, one side of the main beam compensation block is connected to the middle cavity main beam, and the other side of the top mold compensation block is hinged to the top of the outer mold, and the other side of the main beam compensation block is connected to the middle and lower part of the outer mold through the telescopic rod.

[0029] Preferably, the outer mold includes an oblique side mold and a straight side mold, and the side mold compensation block is disposed between the oblique side mold and the straight side mold. Installing the side mold compensation block within the outer mold allows the outer mold to bend, thereby enabling the outer mold to adapt to variable-section immersed tube structures.

[0030] Preferably, along the length direction of the variable-section immersed tube, the middle cavity variable-section compensation block is wedge-shaped. By setting the middle cavity variable-section compensation block into a wedge shape, the middle cavity mold can adapt to the variable-section immersed tube structure.

[0031] This application also discloses a construction method for a variable-section immersed tube, using the variable-section formwork described in this application, and further comprising the following construction steps:

[0032] S1: first install the middle cavity mold and the inner mold, and then connect the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block to the middle cavity mold;

[0033] S2: Install the side formwork compensation block on the outer formwork, then connect the outer formwork to the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block, and then tie the steel cage on the outside of the inner formwork system;

[0034] S3: Installing the outer mold compensation block on the outer mold frame, and then installing the outer mold frame on the outside of the outer mold, and the outer mold frame is pressed against the steel cage;

[0035] S4: Installing the tie rod truss on the top of the outer formwork bent frame so that the outer formwork bent frame and the tie rod truss form the frame structure, and then pouring concrete in the area between the inner formwork system and the outer formwork system;

[0036] S5: After the concrete solidifies, the outer formwork system and the inner formwork system are removed one after another to complete the construction of the variable-section immersed tube.

[0037] The variable-section immersed tube construction method described in the present application utilizes a middle cavity variable-section compensation block, a side formwork compensation block and an outer formwork compensation block to change the shape of the inner membrane plate system and the outer formwork system, so that the inner membrane plate system and the outer formwork system can adapt to the variable-section immersed tube structure, so that the variable-section immersed tube can be cast by the inner membrane plate system and the outer formwork system, so that the existing immersed tube formwork can be used for variable-section immersed tube construction after the variable-section compensation formwork is added, which solves the problem that the existing immersed tube formwork structure has a single versatility and is only suitable for the prefabrication of immersed tubes of fixed specifications and models, and is difficult to be used for the casting of variable-section immersed tubes. At the same time, since the variable-section immersed tube is cast by adding the inner formwork compensation formwork and the outer formwork compensation block to the existing immersed tube formwork, it avoids the need to remake the template for the variable-section immersed tube, which effectively saves time. The construction cost is reduced and the construction efficiency is improved. During construction, the inner membrane plate system is installed first, and the middle cavity variable section compensation block and the side formwork compensation block are installed on the inner formwork system to change the cross-sectional shape of the inner formwork system to adapt to the variable section immersed tube formwork, so that the outer mold has an inclined first slope, so that the inner formwork system can adapt to the variable section immersed tube structure, and then the steel cage of the variable section immersed tube is tied, and then the outer formwork system is constructed. At the same time, the outer formwork compensation block is installed on the outer formwork frame, so that the outer formwork frame has a second slope that is relatively inclined inward, so that the outer formwork system has a second slope that is relatively inclined inward, so that the outer formwork frame can adapt to the variable section immersed tube structure, and then the concrete is poured in the area between the inner formwork system and the outer formwork system to complete the variable section immersed tube construction.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. The variable-section formwork described in the present application has an inner formwork system located inside the outer formwork system, and the two outer sides of the inner formwork system have first inclined surfaces relatively inclined inwardly, and the two inner sides of the outer formwork system have second inclined surfaces relatively inclined inwardly, and the second inclined surfaces correspond to the first inclined surfaces on the same side. When casting the immersed tube, an inclined side wall is provided between the second inclined surface and the first inclined surface on the same side, forming a trumpet section of the immersed tube, and then the immersed tube realizes lane confluence through the trumpet section. The variable-section formwork of the present application is used to cast the immersed tube, so that the immersed tube has a trumpet section, forming a variable-section immersed tube, thereby meeting construction requirements.

[0040] 2. The construction method of a variable-section immersed tube described in the present application utilizes a middle cavity variable-section compensation block, a side formwork compensation block and an outer formwork compensation block to change the shape of the inner membrane plate system and the outer formwork system, so that the inner membrane plate system and the outer formwork system can adapt to the variable-section immersed tube structure, so that the variable-section immersed tube can be cast by the inner membrane plate system and the outer formwork system, so that the existing immersed tube formwork can be used for variable-section immersed tube construction after the variable-section compensation formwork is added, which solves the problem that the existing immersed tube formwork structure has a single versatility and is only suitable for the prefabrication of immersed tubes of fixed specifications and models, and is difficult to be used for the casting of variable-section immersed tubes. At the same time, since the variable-section immersed tube is cast by adding the inner formwork compensation formwork and the outer formwork compensation block to the existing immersed tube formwork, the re-manufacturing of the variable-section immersed tube formwork is avoided, which effectively saves money. The invention reduces construction costs and improves construction efficiency. During construction, the inner membrane plate system is installed first, and the middle cavity variable-section compensation block and the side formwork compensation block are installed on the inner formwork system to change the cross-sectional shape of the inner formwork system to adapt to the variable-section immersed tube formwork, so that the outer mold has an inclined first slope, so that the inner formwork system can adapt to the variable-section immersed tube structure. Then, the steel cage of the variable-section immersed tube is tied, and then the outer formwork system is constructed. At the same time, the outer formwork compensation block is installed on the outer formwork frame, so that the outer formwork frame has a second slope that is relatively inclined inward, so that the outer formwork system has a second slope that is relatively inclined inward, so that the outer formwork frame can adapt to the variable-section immersed tube structure. Then, the concrete is poured in the area between the inner formwork system and the outer formwork system to complete the variable-section immersed tube construction. Description of the drawings:

[0041] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a variable cross-section immersed tube in this application.

[0042] FIG2 is an internal template system in this application.

[0043] FIG3 is a first schematic diagram of the construction of a variable-section immersed tube according to the present application.

[0044] FIG4 is a second schematic diagram of the construction of the variable-section immersed tube of the present application.

[0045] Figure 5 is the third schematic diagram of the variable-section immersed tube construction of this application.

[0046] FIG6 is a fourth schematic diagram of the construction of the variable-section immersed tube of the present application.

[0047] FIG7 is a partial enlarged view of point A in FIG6 .

[0048] FIG8 is a partial enlarged view of point B in FIG7 .

[0049] FIG9 is the fifth schematic diagram of the variable-section immersed tube construction of the present application.

[0050] FIG10 is the sixth schematic diagram of the variable-section immersed tube construction of the present application.

[0051] FIG11 is the seventh schematic diagram of the variable-section immersed tube construction of the present application.

[0052] FIG12 is a schematic plan view of the inner template of the present application.

[0053] FIG13 is a partial enlarged view of point D in FIG12 .

[0054] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the side mold compensation block structure.

[0055] FIG15 is a schematic plan view of the inner and outer templates of the present application.

[0056] FIG16 is a partial enlarged view of point C in FIG15 .

[0057] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer mold compensation block.

[0058] FIG18 is a plan view showing the coordination between the inner formwork system and the outer formwork system of the present application.

[0059] Markings in the figure: 1-inner formwork system, 110-first inclined plane, 11-middle cavity formwork, 111-middle cavity top formwork, 112-middle cavity main beam, 113-middle cavity support leg, 12-outer formwork, 121-oblique line segment side formwork, 122-straight line segment side formwork, 13-inner formwork, 2-outer formwork system, 210-second inclined plane, 21-outer formwork frame, 211-oblique line segment truss, 212-straight line segment truss, 22-tension rod truss, 3-variable section compensation block, 31-top formwork compensation block, 32-main beam compensation block, 4-side formwork compensation block, 41-first rectangular web, 42-first wedge shaped web, 43-second rectangular web, 5-external form compensation block, 51-trapezoidal frame, 52-movable cross brace, 6-diagonal brace, 7-anti-floating structure, 71-anti-floating base, 72-anti-floating embedded parts, 73-anti-floating rod, 8-horizontal support structure, 81-fixed base, 82-fixed embedded parts, 83-connecting nut, 84-horizontal support rod, 9-mobile trolley, 10-variable cross-section immersed tube, 20-inner form support rod, 30-telescopic rod, 40-temporary support leg, 50-first concrete, 60-second concrete, 70-rebar cage, 90-pad, 100-trumpet section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with test examples and specific embodiments. However, this should not be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments, and all technologies implemented based on the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0061] Unless otherwise specified, terms indicating orientation or positional relationships such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inside," and "outside" in the description of specific embodiments of the present invention are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or positional relationships in which the inventive product / device / apparatus is typically placed when in use. These terms indicating orientation or positional relationships are intended solely to facilitate description of the present invention or to simplify the description of specific embodiments, so as to facilitate quick understanding of the solutions by skilled artisans. They do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0062] In addition, if the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel" and the like appear, it does not mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or overhanging or parallel, but may be slightly tilted or have deviations. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but may be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simply understood that the corresponding devices / components / elements are set in directions such as "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", and "parallel", and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, and more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its role in the solution of the present invention.

[0063] In addition, the expressions "first", "second", "third", etc. that appear in the terms are merely descriptions used to distinguish the same or similar components and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0064] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several," "plurality," and "a number" represent at least 2. It can also be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or any other number, and can even be more than 9.

[0065] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified, defined, or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," "connected," "provided with," "laid," and "arranged" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections. They may be welded, riveted, bolted, threaded, or other commonly used connection methods in the art. Such connections may be mechanical, electrical, or communicative; they may be direct, indirect via an intermediate medium, or internally connected between two components.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] As shown in FIG1 to FIG18 , a variable-section formwork of this embodiment includes an inner formwork system 1 and an outer formwork system 2 , wherein the inner formwork system 1 is located inside the outer formwork system 2 ;

[0068] The two outer sides of the inner formwork system 1 have first inclined surfaces 110 that are relatively inclined inward, and the two inner sides of the outer formwork system 2 have second inclined surfaces 210 that are relatively inclined inward. The second inclined surfaces 210 correspond to the first inclined surfaces 110 on the same side.

[0069] As shown in FIG9-FIG10 , the area between the inner formwork system 1 and the outer formwork system 2 is cast to form a variable-section immersed tube 10 .

[0070] A variable-section formwork of this embodiment is shown in Figures 1 and 18. The inner formwork system 1 is located inside the outer formwork system 2, and the two outer sides of the inner formwork system 1 have first inclined surfaces 110 that are relatively inclined inward, and the two inner sides of the outer formwork system 2 have second inclined surfaces 210 that are relatively inclined inward. The second inclined surfaces 210 correspond to the first inclined surfaces 110 on the same side. When casting the immersed tube, an inclined side wall is provided between the second inclined surface 210 and the first inclined surface 110 on the same side, forming a trumpet section 100 of the immersed tube, and then the immersed tube is formed into a variable-section immersed tube 10. The variable-section immersed tube 10 is cast by the variable-section formwork of this embodiment to meet construction requirements.

[0071] As shown in FIG9 , the outer formwork system 2 includes two outer formwork frames 21 arranged opposite to each other. The top of the outer formwork frames 21 is connected to a tie rod truss 22. The tie rod truss 22 and the outer formwork frames 21 form a frame structure. The inner formwork system 1 is located within the frame structure.

[0072] As shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 , an outer mold compensation block 5 is also included. The outer mold compensation block 5 is installed at the turning point of the outer mold bent frame 21 along the length direction of the variable-section immersed tube 10 .

[0073] The outer mold compensation block 5 is installed at the turning point of the outer mold frame 21, and the shape of the outer mold frame 21 is changed by the outer mold compensation block 5 so that the two inner sides of the outer mold frame 21 have second inclined surfaces 210 that are relatively inclined inward, and then the two inner sides of the outer formwork system 2 have second inclined surfaces 210 that are relatively inclined inward. By setting the outer mold compensation block 5, the outer formwork system 2 can adapt to the variable-section immersed tube 10 structure, so that the variable-section immersed tube 10 can be cast through the outer formwork system 2 and the inner formwork system 1.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12 to FIG. 14 , the outer mold 12 includes an oblique segment side mold 121 and a straight segment side mold 122 , and the side mold compensation block 4 is arranged between the oblique segment side mold 121 and the straight segment side mold 122 .

[0075] As shown in Figure 12, when the inner formwork system 1 is installed, the side formwork compensation block 4 is installed on the outer formwork 12, wherein the side formwork compensation block 4 includes a rectangular web and a wedge-shaped web, and the side formwork compensation block 4 is composed of the rectangular web and the wedge-shaped web. In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 13-14, the side formwork compensation block 4 is composed of a first rectangular web 51, a first wedge-shaped web 52 and a second rectangular web 53. The inclined side of the first wedge-shaped web 52 is connected to the first rectangular web 51, and the side of the first wedge-shaped web 52 away from the inclined surface is connected to the second rectangular web 53, thereby forming a formwork with a turning shape. During installation, the side formwork compensation block 4 is set in the area where the outer formwork 12 needs to turn, and the two sides of the side formwork compensation block 4 are respectively connected to the outer formwork 12, so that the vertical outer formwork 12 can turn.

[0076] 12-14 , the outer mold 12 includes an oblique segment side mold 121 and a straight segment side mold 122. At the horn section 100 of the variable-section immersed tube 10, the side mold compensation block 4 is connected to both ends of the oblique segment side mold 121, and the straight segment side mold 122 is connected to the side of the side mold compensation block 4 away from the oblique segment side mold 121, so that the side mold compensation block 4 is installed between the oblique segment side mold 121 and the straight segment side mold 122, thereby realizing the turning setting of the outer mold 12 at the horn section 100, so that the outer mold 12 can adapt to the horn section 100 of the variable-section immersed tube 10.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 15 to FIG. 17 , the outer mold frame 21 includes an oblique segment truss 211 and a straight segment truss 212 , and the outer mold compensation block 5 is arranged between the oblique segment truss 211 and the straight segment truss 212 .

[0078] The outer mold compensation block 5 is installed in the outer mold frame 21 so that the outer mold frame 21 can be bent, thereby enabling the outer mold frame 21 to adapt to the horn section 100 of the variable-section immersed tube 10 .

[0079] As shown in Figure 15, the outer mold compensation block 5 is installed on the outer mold frame 21, wherein, along the length direction of the variable-section immersed tube 10, the outer mold frame 21 includes a diagonal segment truss 211 and a straight segment truss 212. At the horn section 100 of the variable-section immersed tube 10, the outer mold compensation block 5 is connected to the two ends of the diagonal segment truss 211, and the straight segment truss 212 is connected to the side of the outer mold compensation block 5 away from the diagonal segment truss 211, thereby realizing the bending setting of the outer mold frame 21 at the horn section 100, so that the outer mold frame 21 can adapt to the horn section 100 of the variable-section immersed tube 10.

[0080] As shown in Figures 16 and 17, when installing the outer formwork system 2, the outer formwork compensation block 5 is installed between the oblique segment truss 211 and the straight segment truss 212, wherein the outer formwork compensation block 5 includes a trapezoidal frame 51 and a movable cross brace 52. As shown in Figure 17, during installation, the trapezoidal frame 51 is set in the area where the outer formwork frame 21 needs to turn, and the two sides of the trapezoidal frame 51 are respectively connected to the outer formwork frame 21, so that the outer formwork frame 21 can turn, and then the movable cross brace 52 is installed on the trapezoidal frame 51 to increase the overall stability of the trapezoidal frame 51.

[0081] A preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG6 , further includes a diagonal brace 6 connected to the side of the outer mold frame 21 away from the outer mold 12. The diagonal brace 6 is provided to support the outer mold frame 21, thereby ensuring the stability of the outer mold frame 21.

[0082] One end of the diagonal brace 6 is connected to the middle of the outer mold frame 21 , and the other end of the diagonal brace 6 is fixed on the cushion layer.

[0083] As shown in Figures 2 to 5, the inner mold system 1 includes an outer mold 12, a middle cavity mold 11 and an inner mold 13 connected in sequence;

[0084] It also includes an inner mold compensation template, which includes a middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 and a side mold compensation block 4. The middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 is installed between the outer mold 12 and the middle cavity mold 11, as shown in Figure 5. Along the length direction of the variable cross-section immersed tube 10, the side mold compensation block 4 is installed at the turning point of the outer mold 12, as shown in Figures 12-13.

[0085] The middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 is installed between the outer mold 12 and the middle cavity mold 11, and the side mold compensation block 4 is installed at the turning point of the outer mold 12. The cross-sectional shape of the inner formwork system 1 is changed by the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 and the side mold compensation block 4, so that the two outer sides of the inner formwork system 1 have a first inclined surface 110 that is relatively inclined inward, as shown in Figure 12; by setting the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 and the side mold compensation block 4, the inner membrane plate system 1 can adapt to the structure of the variable cross-section immersed tube 10, so that the variable cross-section immersed tube 10 can be cast through the inner membrane plate system 1 and the outer formwork system 2.

[0086] Furthermore, as shown in FIG5 , one side of the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 is connected to the middle cavity mold 11 , and the other side of the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 supports the outer mold 12 through a telescopic rod 30 .

[0087] While adding the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 to the middle cavity mold 11, the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 also supports the outer mold 12 through the telescopic rod 30. During the construction process, the telescopic rod 30 is controlled to control the retraction and expansion of the outer template 12, so that the outer template 12 can be retracted and extended according to construction needs, thereby achieving the normal use of the outer template 12 after the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 is added.

[0088] As shown in FIG2 , the middle cavity mold 11 includes a middle cavity top mold 111 , a middle cavity main beam 112 and a middle cavity support leg 113 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom;

[0089] As shown in FIG4 , the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 includes a top mold compensation block 31 and a main beam compensation block 32 connected to each other;

[0090] As shown in Figure 5, one side of the top mold compensation block 31 is connected to the middle cavity top mold 111, one side of the main beam compensation block 32 is connected to the middle cavity main beam 112, and the other side of the top mold compensation block 31 is hinged to the top of the outer mold 12, and the other side of the main beam compensation block 32 is connected to the middle and lower part of the outer mold 12 through the telescopic rod 30;

[0091] The middle cavity top mold 111 and the middle cavity main beam 112 are connected by bolts, and the middle cavity main beam 112 and the middle cavity support legs 113 are connected by bolts.

[0092] The top mold compensation block 31 and the main beam compensation block 32 are connected by bolts;

[0093] The top mold compensation block 31 and the middle cavity top mold 111 are connected by bolts, so as to facilitate the installation and removal of the top mold compensation block 31 and the middle cavity top mold 111;

[0094] The main beam compensation block 32 and the middle cavity main beam 112 are connected by bolts, so as to facilitate the installation and removal between the main beam compensation block 32 and the middle cavity main beam 112;

[0095] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the top mold compensation block 31 is hinged to the top of the outer mold 12, so that the outer mold 12 can rotate around the top mold compensation block 31 so that the outer mold 12 can shrink or expand. The main beam compensation block 32 is connected to the middle and lower part of the outer mold 12 through the telescopic rod 30. The telescopic rod 30 is used to extend and retract to drive the outer mold 12 to shrink or expand, so that the inner template system 1 is tightened or opened.

[0096] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG12 , the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 is wedge-shaped along the length of the variable cross-section immersed tube 10. By configuring the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 into a wedge shape, the middle cavity mold 11 adapts to the structure of the variable cross-section immersed tube 10.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12 to FIG. 14 , the outer mold 12 includes an oblique segment side mold 121 and a straight segment side mold 122 , and the side mold compensation block 4 is arranged between the oblique segment side mold 121 and the straight segment side mold 122 .

[0098] As shown in Figure 12, when the inner formwork system 1 is installed, the side formwork compensation block 4 is installed on the outer formwork 12, wherein the side formwork compensation block 4 includes a rectangular web and a wedge-shaped web, and the side formwork compensation block 4 is composed of the rectangular web and the wedge-shaped web. In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 13-14, the side formwork compensation block 4 is composed of a first rectangular web 51, a first wedge-shaped web 52 and a second rectangular web 53. The inclined side of the first wedge-shaped web 52 is connected to the first rectangular web 51, and the side of the first wedge-shaped web 52 away from the inclined surface is connected to the second rectangular web 53, thereby forming a formwork with a turning shape. During installation, the side formwork compensation block 4 is set in the area where the outer formwork 12 needs to turn, and the two sides of the side formwork compensation block 4 are respectively connected to the outer formwork 12, so that the vertical outer formwork 12 can turn.

[0099] 12-14 , the outer mold 12 includes an oblique segment side mold 121 and a straight segment side mold 122. At the horn section 100 of the variable-section immersed tube 10, the side mold compensation block 4 is connected to both ends of the oblique segment side mold 121, and the straight segment side mold 122 is connected to the side of the side mold compensation block 4 away from the oblique segment side mold 121, so that the side mold compensation block 4 is installed between the oblique segment side mold 121 and the straight segment side mold 122, thereby realizing the turning setting of the outer mold 12 at the horn section 100, so that the outer mold 12 can adapt to the horn section 100 of the variable-section immersed tube 10.

[0100] A preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG6 , further includes a diagonal brace 6 connected to the side of the outer mold frame 21 away from the outer mold 12. The diagonal brace 6 is provided to support the outer mold frame 21, thereby ensuring the stability of the outer mold frame 21.

[0101] One end of the diagonal brace 6 is connected to the middle of the outer mold frame 21 , and the other end of the diagonal brace 6 is fixed on the cushion layer.

[0102] In this embodiment, before construction, the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3, the side mold compensation block 4 and the outer mold compensation block 5 are first manufactured. The inner formwork system 1 is located in the frame structure of the outer formwork system 2. The middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 is installed between the outer mold 12 and the middle cavity mold 11, and the side mold compensation block 4 is installed at the turning point of the outer mold 12. The cross-sectional shape of the inner formwork system 1 is changed by the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 and the side mold compensation block 4, so that the two outer sides of the inner formwork system 1 have a first inclined surface 110 that is relatively inclined inward; the outer mold compensation block 5 is installed at the turning point of the outer mold frame 21, and the shape of the outer mold frame 21 is changed by the outer mold compensation block 5, thereby changing the shape of the outer formwork system 2, so that the two inner sides of the outer formwork system 2 have a second inclined surface 210 that is relatively inclined inward; by arranging the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3, the side mold compensation block 4 and the outer mold compensation block 5, the inner membrane plate system 1 and the outer formwork system 2 can adapt to the variable cross-section immersed tube structure, so that the inner membrane plate system 1 can pass through the inner membrane plate system 1. And the external formwork system 2 is used to cast the variable-section immersed tube, so that the existing immersed tube formwork can be used to construct the variable-section immersed tube 10 after the variable-section compensation formwork is added, which solves the problem that the existing immersed tube formwork structure has a single versatility and is only suitable for the prefabrication of immersed tubes of fixed specifications and models, and is difficult to be used for the casting of the variable-section immersed tube 10. At the same time, since the variable-section immersed tube 10 is cast by adding a variable-section compensation formwork on the existing immersed tube formwork, the re-making of the formwork of the variable-section immersed tube 10 is avoided, which effectively saves construction costs and improves construction efficiency.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] As shown in Figures 6-8 , based on Example 1, the variable-section formwork described in this embodiment further includes an anti-floating structure 7, which is provided at the bottom of the outer formwork frame 21 and is connected to the outer formwork frame 21. The anti-floating structure 7 is provided at the bottom of the outer formwork frame 21 to secure the outer formwork frame 21, thereby resisting the upward buoyancy force at the bottom of the outer formwork frame 21 and ensuring the safety and stability of the outer formwork frame 21.

[0105] As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the anti-floating structure 7 includes an anti-floating base 71, an anti-floating embedded part 72 and an anti-floating rod 73. The anti-floating embedded part 72 is first installed in the anti-floating base 71, and then the anti-floating base 71 and the anti-floating embedded part 72 are embedded in the cushion layer. When the outer mold frame 21 is installed, the bottom end of the anti-floating rod 73 is fixedly connected to the anti-floating embedded part 72, and then the upper part of the anti-floating rod 73 is fixed to the bottom of the outer mold frame 21.

[0106] A preferred embodiment further includes a horizontal support structure 8, which is located on the side of the outer formwork frame 21 away from the outer formwork 12, and abuts the lower portion of the outer formwork frame 21. By providing the horizontal support structure 8 to abut the lower portion of the outer formwork frame 21, the rigidity of the outer formwork frame 21 is increased, and the outer formwork frame 21 is prevented from expanding during concrete pouring.

[0107] As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the flat support structure 8 includes a fixed base 81, a fixed embedded part 82, a connecting nut 83 and a horizontal strut 84. The connecting nut 83 is first installed on the upper part of the fixed embedded part 82, and then the lower part of the fixed embedded part 82 is installed in the fixed base 81. Then, the fixed base 81 is embedded in the cushion layer. The horizontal strut 84 is threadedly connected to the connecting nut 83. By rotating the horizontal strut 84, the end of the horizontal strut 84 is brought close to and abuts against the lower part of the outer mold frame 21, thereby supporting the outer mold frame 21 and increasing the rigidity of the outer mold frame 21.

[0108] Example 3

[0109] As shown in FIG3 to FIG11 , based on Example 1 or Example 2, this embodiment further discloses a construction method for a variable-section immersed tube, using the variable-section formwork described in Example 1 or Example 2, and further comprising the following construction steps:

[0110] S1: As shown in FIG3-FIG4, first install the middle cavity mold 11 and the inner mold 13, and then connect the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3 to the middle cavity mold 11;

[0111] Before installing the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3, an inner mold support rod 20 is first arranged at the bottom of the inner mold 13. The upper end of the inner mold support rod 20 abuts against the bottom of the inner mold 13, and the lower end of the inner mold support rod 20 abuts against the ground cushion layer. The inner mold support rod 20 is provided to support the inner mold 13. When installing the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3, the stability of the inner mold 13 is maintained to prevent the inner mold 13 from falling due to hanging in the air and causing the other templates to fall.

[0112] The middle cavity mold 11 includes a middle cavity top mold 111, a middle cavity main beam 112 and a middle cavity support leg 113 connected in sequence from top to bottom. The middle cavity variable-section compensation block 3 includes a top mold compensation block 31 and a main beam compensation block 32 connected up and down. The top mold compensation block 31 is connected to the middle cavity top mold 111, and the main beam compensation block 32 is connected to the middle cavity main beam 112.

[0113] S2: As shown in FIG5-6, the side form compensation block 4 is installed on the outer form 12, and then the outer form 12 is connected to the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block 3, and then the steel cage 70 is tied outside the inner formwork system 1;

[0114] The top mold compensation block 31 is hinged to the top of the outer mold 12 on the other side away from the middle cavity top mold 111, and the main beam compensation block 32 is connected to the middle and lower part of the outer mold 12 through the telescopic rod 30 on the side away from the middle cavity main beam 112;

[0115] The outer mold 12 includes an oblique segment side mold 121 and a straight segment side mold 122. At the horn section 100 of the variable-section immersed tube 10, the side mold compensation block 4 is connected to both ends of the oblique segment side mold 121, and the straight segment side mold 122 is connected to the side of the side mold compensation block 4 away from the oblique segment side mold 121. The side mold compensation block 4 is installed between the oblique segment side mold 121 and the straight segment side mold 122, thereby achieving a turning setting of the outer mold 12 at the horn section 100, so that the outer mold 12 can adapt to the horn section 100 of the variable-section immersed tube 10;

[0116] The reinforcement cage 70 is tied around the outer side of the inner formwork system 1 in a circumferential direction.

[0117] S3: As shown in FIG15 , the outer mold compensation block 5 is installed on the outer mold frame 21 , as shown in FIG9 , and then the outer mold frame 21 is installed on the outer side of the outer mold 12 , and the outer mold frame 21 is pressed against the steel cage 70 ;

[0118] As shown in Figures 15 to 17, the outer mold compensation block 5 is installed on the outer mold frame 21, wherein the outer mold frame 21 includes an oblique segment truss 211 and a straight segment truss 212. At the horn section 100 of the variable-section immersed tube 10, the outer mold compensation block 5 is connected to both ends of the oblique segment truss 211, and the straight segment truss 212 is connected to the side of the outer mold compensation block 5 away from the oblique segment truss 211, thereby realizing the turning setting of the outer mold frame 21 at the horn section 100, so that the outer mold frame 21 can adapt to the horn section 100 of the variable-section immersed tube 10.

[0119] S4: Install the tie rod truss 22 on the top of the outer formwork frame 21, so that the outer formwork frame 21 and the tie rod truss 22 form a frame structure, and then pour concrete in the area between the inner formwork system 1 and the outer formwork system 2;

[0120] The tie rod truss 22 and the outer formwork bent 21 form a frame structure, the inner formwork system 1 is located within the frame structure of the outer formwork system 2, and the steel cage 70 is located between the inner formwork system 1 and the outer formwork system 2;

[0121] When pouring concrete, it is carried out in two steps. As shown in FIG10 , the first concrete 50 is poured to the middle and upper part of the inner formwork system 1, and then the first concrete 60 is poured to complete the concrete construction of the variable-section immersed tube 10. During the construction process, when the concrete strength of the bottom plate of the variable-section immersed tube 10 exceeds 12 MPa, a temporary support leg 40 is added to the bottom of the main beam compensation block 32 to increase the bearing capacity of the variable-section compensation block 3;

[0122] In a preferred embodiment, the temporary support legs 40 and the middle cavity support legs are arranged side by side.

[0123] S5: As shown in FIG11 , after the concrete solidifies, the outer formwork system 2 and the inner formwork system 1 are removed in succession, completing the construction of the variable-section immersed tube 10;

[0124] Among them, after the concrete of the variable-section immersed tube 10 solidifies, the external formwork system 2 is first removed, and then the temporary support legs 40 at the bottom of the main beam compensation block 32 are removed, and then the mobile trolley 9 is installed at the bottom of the main beam compensation block 32, and the mobile trolley 9 is installed at the bottom of the middle cavity mold 11, and the middle cavity mold 11 and the variable-section compensation block 3 are removed and transferred by the mobile trolley 9.

[0125] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable cross-section template, characterized in that: It comprises an inner formwork system (1) and an outer formwork system (2), wherein the inner formwork system (1) is located inside the outer formwork system (2); The two outer sides of the inner formwork system (1) have first inclined surfaces (110) that are relatively inclined inward, and the two inner sides of the outer formwork system (2) have second inclined surfaces (210) that are relatively inclined inward, and the second inclined surfaces (210) correspond to the first inclined surfaces (110) on the same side; The area between the inner formwork system (1) and the outer formwork system (2) is cast to form a variable-section immersed tube (10).

2. A variable cross-section template according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer formwork system (2) comprises two outer formwork frames (21) arranged opposite to each other, the tops of the outer formwork frames (21) are connected with tie rod trusses (22), the tie rod trusses (22) and the outer formwork frames (21) form a frame structure, and the inner formwork system (1) is located within the frame structure; It also includes an outer mold compensation block (5), which is installed at the turning point of the outer mold frame (21).

3. A variable cross-section template according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer mold bent frame (21) comprises an oblique segment truss (211) and a straight segment truss (212), and the outer mold compensation block (5) is arranged between the oblique segment truss (211) and the straight segment truss (212).

4. A variable cross-section template according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes an anti-floating structure (7), which is provided at the bottom of the outer mold frame (21), and is used to reinforce the outer mold frame (21).

5. The variable cross-section template according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a horizontal support structure (8), which is located on a side of the outer mold frame (21) away from the inner mold system (1), and the horizontal support structure (8) can abut against the lower part of the outer mold frame (21).

6. A variable cross-section template according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: The inner mold plate system (1) comprises an outer mold (12), a middle cavity mold (11) and an inner mold (13) which are connected in sequence; It also includes an inner mold compensation template, the inner mold compensation template includes a middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block (3) and a side mold compensation block (4), the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block (3) is installed between the outer mold (12) and the middle cavity mold (11), and the side mold compensation block (4) is installed at the turning point of the outer mold (12).

7. The variable cross-section template according to claim 6, characterized in that: One side of the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block (3) is connected to the middle cavity mold (11), and the other side of the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block (3) supports the outer mold (12) via a telescopic rod (30).

8. The variable cross-section template according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer mold (12) comprises an oblique segment side mold (121) and a straight segment side mold (122), and the side mold compensation block (4) is arranged between the oblique segment side mold (121) and the straight segment side mold (122).

9. The variable cross-section template according to claim 6, characterized in that: Along the length direction of the immersed tube (10), the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block (3) is wedge-shaped.

10. A construction method for a variable-section immersed tube, characterized in that: The use of the variable cross-section formwork according to any one of claims 6 to 9 further includes the following construction steps: S1: first installing the middle cavity mold (11) and the inner mold (13), and then connecting the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block (3) to the middle cavity mold (11); S2: Installing the side formwork compensation block (4) on the outer formwork (12), then connecting the outer formwork (12) to the middle cavity variable cross-section compensation block (3), and then tying the steel cage (70) outside the inner formwork system (1); S3: Installing the outer mold compensation block (5) on the outer mold frame (21), and then installing the outer mold frame (21) on the outside of the outer mold (12), with the outer mold frame (21) pressing against the steel cage (70); S4: Installing the tie rod truss (22) on the top of the outer formwork frame (21) so that the outer formwork frame (21) and the tie rod truss (22) form the frame structure, and then pouring concrete in the area between the inner formwork system (1) and the outer formwork system (2); S5: After the concrete solidifies, the outer formwork system (2) and the inner formwork system (1) are removed in succession to complete the construction of the variable-section immersed tube (10).

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