Wire tensioning systems and methods of use

Abstract

A system may include a cable tensioning system, comprising: a first support structure having a first securement point; a second support structure spaced from the first end pile and having a second securement point; a third support structure positioned between the first support structure and the second support structure, the third support structure having a cable support; and a cable extending between the first support structure and the second support structure having a tension value, wherein the tension value corresponds to at least one environmental factor related to where the system is geographically located, and a maximum possible vertical distance from the cable at the first securement point to a low point along a length of cable between the first securement point and the second securement point.

Description

WIRE TENSIONING SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF USECROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Application No. 63 / 571,773, filed on March 29, 2024, and entitled “WIRE TENSIONING SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF USE,” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD

[0002] The present application generally relates to wire tensioning systems and methods, and more specifically, to wire tensioning systems and methods that account for various environmental factors to prevent excessive sagging or tension.BACKGROUND

[0003] Energy production and transmission infrastructures, such as Photovoltaic (PV) Solar energy production, utilize a number of cable types to convey electrical current, and / or signal data from source facilities to consumer locations. In large-scale solar power plants, cables can convey electrical current and signal data from solar panels to other production and / or transmission equipment within the plant.

[0004] Energy production and transmission infrastructures utilize a number of cable types to convey electrical current, and / or signal data from source facilities to consumer locations. In large-scale solar power plants, cables can convey electrical current and signal data from solar panels to other production and / or transmission equipment within the plant. The cables can be arranged in underground or above-ground configurations. Above-ground cable configurations can require cables to be supported in the air in a secure and safe manner, which is capable of withstanding harsh environmental conditions.

[0005] In order to support the weight of the long spans of cables running along a solar energy production facility, the messenger cables holding the hangers which hold the power lines must be tensioned to specific loads. This tension value is not only based on the weight the messenger cables need to hold from the power lines alone, but also due to the addition of snow, ice, wind, and other environmental factors which can variably increase the weight on the cables throughout the year. Additionally, the temperature of the environment the cables are placed in can also affect the tension value, as warmer temperatures will reduce thetension, while colder temperatures will increase tension due to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the cables. Keeping the cables between a minimum and maximum tension value is critical to ensure proper positioning of the cables while remaining within the structural capacity of the structures supporting the cable.SUMMARY

[0006] Systems and methods for determining a tension value and tensioning cables are provided.

[0007] In an aspect, the techniques described herein relate to a cable tensioning system, including: a first support structure having a first securement point; a second support structure spaced from the first end pile and having a second securement point; a third support structure positioned between the first support structure and the second support structure, the third support structure having a cable support; and a cable extending between the first support structure and the second support structure having a tension value, wherein the tension value corresponds to at least one environmental factor related to where the system is geographically located, and a maximum possible vertical distance from the cable at the first securement point to a low point along a length of cable between the first securement point and the second securement point.

[0008] In an aspect, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the cable is secured to the cable support subsequent to the cable being secured to the first and second securement points at the tension value.

[0009] In an aspect, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the at least one environmental factor includes at least one of a latitude and a longitude, a wind load, a snow load, an ice load, a maximum and minimum temperature, and a seismic activity determination.

[0010] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a system, wherein the tension value additionally corresponds to a support structure spacing value between the first support structure and the third support structure.

[0011] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a system, wherein a plurality of hangers is positioned along the cable.

[0012] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a system, wherein the tension value additionally corresponds to at least one of a hanger weight, a hanger spacing between adjacent hangers of the plurality of hangers, a solar power cable weight supported by the plurality of hangers, and a cable weight.

[0013] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a system, wherein a void area is created within a space between at least two power cables positioned within the hangers such that a reduction factor is used to calculate a wind load on the system.

[0014] In an aspect, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the tension value is related to a vertical load applied to the cable between the first support structure and the third support structure.

[0015] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a system, wherein the cable support of the third support structure has a positive mechanical connection with the cable.

[0016] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a system, wherein the cable support is configured to dampen vibrations along the length of the cable.

[0017] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a method, including: securing a first end of a cable to a first support structure at a first securement point; positioning the cable along a run extending to a second support structure having a second securement point; calculating a tension value corresponding to at least one environmental factor related to where the cable is geographically located, and a maximum possible vertical distance from the cable at the first securement point to a low point along a length of cable between the first securement point and the second securement point; applying the tension value to the cable along the length of the cable; securing a second end of the cable to the second securement point of the second support structure; securing the cable to a cable support of a third support structure, the third support structure positioned on the run between the first and second support structure; and positioning a plurality of hangers along a length of the cable.

[0018] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a method, wherein the at least one environmental factor includes at least one of a latitude and a longitude, a wind load, a snow load, an ice load, a maximum and minimum temperature, and a seismic activity determination.

[0019] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a method, wherein calculating the tension value further includes calculating a wind load on the cable and the plurality of hangers.

[0020] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a method, wherein a void area created within a space between at least two power cables positioned within the hangers such that a reduction factor is used to calculate a wind load on the system.

[0021] In an aspect, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein calculating the tension value further includes calculating a snow load on the cable.

[0022] In an aspect, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein calculating the tension value further includes calculating a seismic activity determination related to where the cable is geographically located.

[0023] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a method, wherein the tension value corresponds to at least one of a hanger weight and a hanger spacing between adjacent hangers of the plurality of hangers.

[0024] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a method, wherein the tension value is related to a lateral load and a vertical load applied to the cable support of the third support structure.

[0025] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a method, wherein the cable support of the third support structure has a positive mechanical connection with the cable.

[0026] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a method, wherein the cable support is configured to dampen any additional forces along the length of the cable.

[0027] In an aspect, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the first support structure and the second support structure have a maximum height of 15 feet.

[0028] In an aspect, the techniques described herein relate to a method for determining an installation tension for a messenger cable in a cable hanger system, the method including: receiving, via a user interface, input data including: (i) a geographical location of a cable installation site; (ii) environmental parameters including a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature, and at least one of a wind load, a snow load, an ice thickness, orseismic acceleration data; and (iii) structural configuration parameters including at least one of a pile spacing, a cable type, a hanger type, and number of conductors; calculating, via a processor, a total maximum weight per unit length applied to the messenger cable based on the structural parameters and environmental parameters; calculating, via the processor, a maximum allowable final tension in the messenger cable based on a predefined percentage of a rated breaking strength of the messenger cable; iteratively determining, by the processor, an installation tension range that ensures the final tension at all site temperatures and load conditions remains below the maximum allowable final tension; calculating, via the processor, a final installation tension range by applying a wind load reduction factor to the calculated installation tension range based on a void space between conductors positioned within each hanger; and outputting, via the user interface, the final installation tension range.

[0029] In an aspect, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the void space is defined as a ratio of solid area to gross area of the hanger cross-section.

[0030] In an aspect, the techniques described herein relate to a method, further including calculating, via the processor, design loads applied to pile components of the cable hanger system that support the messenger cable while under tension.

[0031] In an aspect, the techniques described herein relate to a method of tensioning a messenger cable in a cable hanger system spanning a plurality of support structures, including: determining a first installation tension and a second installation tension based on a cumulative structural load model corresponding to the cable hanger system that maintains an overall cable sag and a final tension within predetermined tolerances; securing a first segment of a messenger cable between a first terminal support structure and a first intermediate support structure; applying a first tension force to the first segment of the messenger cable and securing the messenger cable to the first intermediate support structure after achieving the first installation tension; securing a second segment of the messenger cable between the first intermediate support structure and a second intermediate support structure; applying a second tension force to the second segment of the messenger cable and securing the messenger cable to the second intermediate support structure after achieving the second installation tension.

[0032] In an aspect, the techniques described herein relate to a method, further including repeating the process for successive adjacent segments of the messenger cable along a lengthof the messenger cable between the first terminal support structure and a second terminal support structure.

[0033] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a method, wherein the first and second intermediate support structures are positioned between the first and second terminal support structure along the length of the messenger cable.

[0034] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a method, wherein the first intermediate support structure is spaced apart from the second intermediate support structure along the length of the messenger cable.

[0035] In an aspect, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the predetermined tolerances include at least one of a rated breaking strength of the messenger cable and a maximum deflection value of the first terminal support structure.

[0036] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a method of tensioning a messenger cable in a cable support system, including: securing a first end of the messenger cable to a first support structure at a first securement point; positioning the messenger cable on a plurality of intermediate support structures such that the messenger cable can move relative to the plurality of the intermediate support structures; applying a tension force to a second end of the messenger cable at a second support structure to achieve a predetermined installation tension across an entire length of the messenger cable between the first and second support structures; applying uniform distribution of the tension force across the entire length of the messenger cable while the messenger cable moves relative to the plurality of intermediate support structures; and subsequent to achieving the predetermined installation tension, securing the messenger cable to at least one intermediate support structure of the plurality of intermediate support structures such that the messenger cable cannot move relative to the at least one intermediate support structure.

[0037] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a method, wherein the messenger cable can move relative to the plurality of intermediate support structures along the entire length of the messenger cable prior to being secured to the at lest one intermediate support.

[0038] In an aspect, the techniques descnbed herein relate to a system for determining an installation tension for a messenger cable, the system including: a user interface; at least oneprocessor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing processorexecutable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform: receiving, via the user interface, input data including: (i) a geographical location of a cable installation site; (ii) environmental parameters including a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature, and at least one of a wind load, a snow load, an ice thickness, or seismic acceleration data; and (iii) structural configuration parameters including at least one of a pile spacing, a cable type, a hanger type, and number of conductors; calculating, via the processor, a total maximum weight per unit length applied to the messenger cable based on the structural parameters and environmental parameters; calculating, via the processor, a maximum allowable final tension in the messenger cable based on a predefined percentage of a rated breaking strength of the messenger cable; iteratively determining, by the processor, an installation tension range that ensures the final tension at all site temperatures and load conditions remains below the maximum allowable final tension; calculating, via the processor, a final installation tension range by applying a wind load reduction factor to the calculated installation tension range based on a void space between conductors positioned within each hanger; and outputting, via the user interface, the final installation tension range..BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0039] These and other features will be more readily understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0040] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a wire tensioning system;

[0041] FIG. 2 is a side view of an end pile of the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0042] FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of a messenger cable secured to a non-dampening pile of the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0043] FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of a messenger cable secured to a dampening pile of the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0044] FIG. 5 is a front prospective view of a winch for applying tension to a messenger cable of the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0045] FIG. 6 is a rear perspective view of the winch of FIG. 5 ;

[0046] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the winch of FIG. 5;

[0047] FIG. 8 is a front perspective view of a messenger cable secured to a non-dampening pile of the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0048] FIG. 9 is a front perspective view of a messenger cable secured to a dampening pile of the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0049] FIG. 10 is a front prospective view of a cable hanger secured to a messenger cable tensioned by the tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0050] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a step of the wire tensioning method of the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0051] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a step of the wire tensioning method of the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0052] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a step of the wire tensioning method of the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0053] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a step of the wire tensioning method of the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0054] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a step of the wire tensioning method of the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0055] FIG. 16 is a schematic force diagram of the dampening pile of the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0056] FIG. 17 is a schematic force diagram of the non-dampening pile of the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1;

[0057] FIG. 18 is a side view of a cable assembly tensioned by the wire tensioning system of FIG. 1 spanning between two end piles;

[0058] FIG. 19 is a flowchart of an exemplary method according to an aspect disclosed herein;

[0059] FIG. 20 is a flowchart of an exemplary method according to an aspect disclosed herein;

[0060] FIG. 21 is a flowchart of an exemplary method according to an aspect disclosed herein; and

[0061] FIG. 22 is a flowchart of an exemplary method according to an aspect disclosed herein.

[0062] It is noted that the drawings are not necessarily to scale. The drawings are intended to depict only typical aspects of the subject matter disclosed herein, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] Certain exemplary aspects will now be described to provide an overall understanding of the principles of the structure, function, manufacture, and use of the devices and methods disclosed herein. One or more examples of these aspects are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand that the devices and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting exemplary aspects and that the scope of the present invention is defined solely by the claims. The features illustrated or described in connection with one exemplary aspect may be combined with the features of other aspects. Such modifications and vanations are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0064] Energy production and transmission infrastructures utilize a number of cable types to convey electrical current, signal data, and grounding paths from source facilities to consumer locations. In large-scale solar power plants, cables can convey electrical current, signal data, and ground paths from solar panels to other production and / or transmission equipment within the plant. Additionally, conventional solar panels are often attached to a single-axis solar tracker, which rotates the solar panel from East to West throughout the day such that the solar panels follow the sun, maximizing their energy output. The cables to those solar panels can be arranged in underground or aboveground configurations.

[0065] The aboveground cable configurations, such as those used in utility-scale solar power generation and transmission systems, can be deployed and managed using a messenger cableand a cable hanger system. The cable hanger can support the cables, such as power cables, in an organized and serviceable manner. A cable hanger can couple to support structures, such as a messenger cable, which is typically a stranded wire rope that is used to mechanically support the cable hangers and cables. The messenger cable can be routed between solar trackers, posts, columns, or other vertically oriented components located throughout an electrically connected grid to convey the cables from one location to another. When the messenger cable is coupled to the solar tracker, this creates scenarios where the rotating solar panels and tracker components can cause the cabling to contact and rub on the sheet steel components of the solar tracker or on the solar panels, creating pinching and abrasion conditions on the cable, which can lead to electrical shock hazards due to the outer layer of the cable wearing through. In addition, windy conditions typically found on large-scale solar power plants can cause the cables, hangers, and messenger cable to sway potentially rubbing and abrading on the vertically oriented components located on the power plant. In order to prevent such a scenario, a rigid support rail can be used instead of a messenger cable around moving solar components and assemblies in order to prevent sagging or misalignment of the cables, leading to the cables rubbing and contacting moving components. Additionally, an extension member can be used to further space the cables from the support structures supporting the movable components.

[0066] Historically, traditional powder line installation methods necessitated lifting cables to considerable heights (typically 30 to 60 feet or higher) onto tall poles and subsequently applying tension across extensive spans. However, the rise of solar power installations has significantly changed the landscape. Solar sites typically employ shorter poles (i.e., under 15 feet) or supports and utilize substantially shorter cable spans. As a result, the conventional techniques of high-elevation tensioning designed for long spans are not suited to these new solar site conditions. Pnor to development of the systems and methods disclosed herein, the industry had not encountered a practical need for tensioning cables at low elevations over short distances. Consequently, the systems and methods developed are uniquely tailored to this scenario. Given these industry shifts, there is a growing demand for cost-effective, rapid, and reliable methods specifically designed for tensioning cables at lower elevations and shorter spans, highlighting the immediate usefulness and innovation of disclosed invention.

[0067] In order to install a self-supporting cable, rope, or other similar flexible member, the cable has to be pulled and held at its ends so that it does not excessively droop or sag in themiddle of the cable. Pulling the cable to install it is referred to as “tensioning” the cable or pulling the cable to a specified “installation tension”. This installation tension is very critical, if the cable is initially pulled too tight then it could snap and break, or the support structure can be damaged. If the cable not pulled tight enough, then it could excessively sag towards the ground. Furthermore, the change in temperature throughout the year also has been accounted for, since the messenger cable’s length changes with temperature (due to the Thermal Expansion / Contraction) and the weight on the messenger cable changes with temperature changes (snow and ice building up in cold weather, and then melting away in warm weather).

[0068] Previously, traditional string charts have been used to determine the proper tension to apply to a cable based on certain temperature ranges. Since the methods disclosed herein can be used in large-scale solar energy generation plants, the tensioning method must account for extremes in weather. For example, a solar plant can be located in a desert, where the heat can reach over 100 degrees F, or the solar plant can be located in a more temperate climate, where snow and ice can be a contributing factor. Using the traditional stringing charts, a user would have to decide how much to tension a cable based on the limited temperature ranges given to them. Additionally, traditional stringing charts do not compensate for the breaking strength of the cable based on additional factors, such as ice and snow accumulating on the cables.

[0069] The methods and system disclosed herein take a more holistic approach to stringing charts, so that installers do not have to worry about what temperature it is outside when they are pulling the messenger cable to a desired tension. The disclosed method provides a range of tension values for any temperature a given project could experience by using a unique iterative process.

[0070] In an example aspect, a messenger cable type used can be a 1 / 0 AAAC or 1 / 0 ACSR cable type. These types of cables have a tension breaking strength of 4280 lbs. Accounting for a safety margin, the final tension the cable will be holding will want to remain under 70% of the breaking strength, or 2996 lbs.

[0071] The final tension is driven by various factors, including: the initial tension the messenger cable is tensioned at; the temperature when the messenger cable is initially being tensioned; the weight that is then added onto the messenger cable from cables, hangers, snow,wind, and ice; and the temperature of the site at maximum and minimum values (or an average temperature of the site can be used). Keeping the final tension of the cable under 70% is the critical goal to achieve with the iterative approach of the method disclosed herein.

[0072] FIGS. 1-4 illustrate an aspect of a solar panel installation 100. The installation 100 includes solar panels arranged in rows with cables spanning between them. These cables can act as both power transfer cables for transporting the power generated by the panels to a central location, and can also act as a safety measure to allow for a grounding of the power cables in the event of a failure in one of the power cables. These installations can be located in harsh environmental areas, where high snow, ice, wind, and seismic activity can occur. It is important to keep the cables themselves raised off the ground to prevent excessive wear on the cables themselves. Proper tension of a messenger cable extending across the length of the rows of solar panels can ensure the cables remined raised off the ground, and meet any specific sag values determined by an installation team.

[0073] The installation 100 includes support structures in the form of end piles 102 and intermediate piles 104. In an aspect, the end piles 102 are positioned at the terminal end of a run of solar panels. In the example aspect illustrated in FIG. 1, the run is positioned perpendicular to rows of solar panels. In an aspect, the end piles 102 and intermediate piles 104 can be steel beams embedded into the ground. The end piles 102 are the two points where a messenger cable 106 can be secured to and have tension applied along its length to reduce sagging of the messenger cable 106.

[0074] In an aspect, attached to the end piles 102 is a securement point in the form of an eyehook 108. The eye-hook 108 is bolted to the end pile 102, and is aligned with the messenger cable 106 along the run. The messenger cable 106 is connected to the securement point 108 using a dead end, which prevents the messenger cable from moving relative to the end pile once secured to prevent a lose of tension. In an aspect, a bolt is passed through both the dead end 110 and the eye-bolt 108 to secure the messenger cable at the specific tension value to the end pile 102.

[0075] The intermediate piles 104 can be positioned at regular intervals along the run, and are also configured to support the solar panels and their associated hardware (i.e., torque tube, adjustment motor, brackets). A post kit including a support rail 112 can be secured to each of the intermediate piles 104, as shown in FIG. 4. With the addition of a support rail 112, theintermediate pile 104 and support rail 112 can act as a damper for the messenger cable 106 once secured. In addition to the support rail 112, the post kit can include a clamp 114 and a bolt 115. The claim 114 is secured to the support rail 112 via the bolt 115. In an aspect, the bolt 115 can be used to tighten down the clamp 114 on the messenger cable 106, as shown in FIG. 9. As explained in detail below, during a tensioning process, the messenger cable is placed on the support rail 112, but not tightened down within the clamp 114. This is to ensure the tension applied to the messenger cable 106 is applied across the whole run of the messenger cable 106, and not just a portion of it. This ensures there are not different tension values between different piles along the run of the messenger cable 106.

[0076] Additionally, as shown in FIG. 3, the messenger cable 106 can be secured directly to the intermediate post 104 using a hanger 120 and a bolt 122. The bolt 122 passes through the hanger 120 and into the intermediate pile 104. In an aspect, the bolt 122 can be used to tighten down the hanger 120 onto the messenger cable 106, and shown in FIG. 8. Similar to how the messenger cable 106 rests on the support rail during a tensioning process, the messenger cable 106 is loosely encapsulated by the hanger 120 and bolt 122, allowing the messenger cable 106 to move relative to the hanger 120. This ensures that equal tension is placed on the messenger cable 106 along the whole run of the messenger cable 106.

[0077] FIGS. 5-7 illustrate the tensioning system 200 used to tension the messenger cable 106 along its run. The tensioning system 200 includes a winch 126, a sling 128, and a scale 130. The winch 126 is connected to the messenger cable 106 to apply tension to the messenger cable 106. In an aspect, on the opposite side of the winch 126 is a scale 130, and a sling connected to the scale 130. The scale measures the tension being applied to the messenger cable 106 via the winch 126 to ensure the specific tension value is reached. Additionally, the sling 128 is attached to the scale 130 and a solid support 124. In an aspect, the solid support 124 can be an end pile, a form of heavy equipment, or any anchor point that can remain stationary as tension is applied to the messenger cable 106. As shown in FIG. 7, the tension force T is applied to the messenger cable 106 to pull the cable towards the solid support 124, removing slack from the messenger cable 106.

[0078] As stated above, once the messenger cable 106 is properly tensioned and secured to the end piles 102, the messenger cable 106 is placed within and secured to the intermediate piles 104. Subsequently, a plurality of cable hanger 140 can be secured to the messenger cable 106, as shown in FIG. 10. The cable hangers 140 are placed at regularly spacedintervals along the run of the messenger cable 106, and include a saddle 142 to support power cables connected to the solar panels.

[0079] FIGS. 11-15 illustrate schematic views of the tensioning process of the messenger cable 106. FIG. 11 illustrates Step 1, where the messenger cable 106 is pulled from a spool of cable along the length of a run between two end piles 102. A user can position the cable 106 along the ground adjacent to the end piles 102 and intermediate piles 104.

[0080] FIG. 12 illustrates Step 2, where the cut end of the messenger cable 106 is secured to the far end pile 102 using the dead end and eye-bolt as discussed in reference to FIG. 1. Additionally, the messenger cable 106 is placed onto each support rail 112 (as shown in FIG. 4) or loosely within each hanger 120 (as shown in FIG. 3).

[0081] FIG. 13 illustrates Step 3, where the messenger cable 106 is cut to a length larger than the total run between the two end piles 102. A tension force is then applied to the messenger cable 106 along the length of run in order to tension the messenger cable 106 to an appropriate tension value. The tensioning process is described above with respect to FIGS. 5- 7.

[0082] FIG. 14 illustrates Step 4, where once the proper tension value is achieved, the messenger cable 106 is then secured to the end pile 102. Additionally, the messenger cable 106 is then positioned into the appropriate clamps 114 on each support rail 112 or hangers 120 on each pile 104.

[0083] FIG. 15 illustrates Step 5, where the clamps 114 and / or hangers 102 are tightened to secure the messenger cable 106 to the intermediate piles 104.

[0084] In an aspect, the tension can be placed on the m messenger cable between two directly adjacent support structures. Starting at an intermediate pile directly adjacent an end pile, the messenger cable can be placed on the intermediate pile such that the messenger cable can move relative to the intermediate pile along its length. Using a scale attached to the end of the messenger cable not attached to the end pile, a tension is applied to the messenger cable through the scale, where the scale can measure the tension force. With proper tension maintained on the messenger cable, a clamp on the intermediate pile can be tightened down to completely close on the messenger cable, preventing the messenger cable from movingrelative to the intermediate pile. These steps can be repeated for each successive adjacent pile along the length of the messenger cable until the opposite end pile is reached.

[0085] In an aspect, the sag of the messenger cable can be measured, which can correspond to the desired tension value of the messenger cable. The messenger cable can be positioned on an intermediate pile. With the messenger cable pulled tight between the adjacent end piles, the sag of the cable can be measured. More or less tension can be applied to the messenger cable to achieve the appropriate sag level determined by the method disclosed herein, or using traditional stringing charts. With the sag maintained at the specified value, a clamp on the intermediate pile can be tightened down to completely close on the messenger cable, preventing the messenger cable from moving relative to the intermediate pile. These steps can be repeated for each successive adjacent pile along the length of the messenger cable until the opposite end pile is reached.

[0086] In addition to the method and systems for tensioning messenger cables, a method for determining the proper tension value is disclosed herein. The method of determining the proper tension on a cable includes the following steps:

[0087] Step 1 : A user can input site specific environmental information based on the location of the proposed solar plant. These environmental factors include a long term temperature range, average wind speeds, seismic activity, and expected snow and ice loads. Other environmental factors can also be included if a site includes additional factors to consider.

[0088] In a sub-step of Step 1, the geographical location of the solar installation is used to determine various environmental factors. In an aspect, the geographical location can include the latitude and longitude of the solar installation site. In an aspect, generalizations based on established recorded data regarding a geographical location can also be used to determine various environmental factors. In an aspect, ASCE 7 and its corresponding tables and equations can be used to collect and apply the environmental data for a specific geographical location.

[0089] In an aspect, one environmental factor can include a wind load on the messenger cable, and can include a Wind Speed, Directionality Factor for a Structure Type (Kd), Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient (Kz), Topographic Factor (Kzt), and an Elevation Factor (Ke). In an aspect, Kz can be an Exposure Level C, which correlates to open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights under 30 ft. (z.e., open country). In an aspect, Kztcan account for the effects of terrain features like hills, ridges, and escarpments on wind speed, where a Kzt = 1.0 is flat ground. In an aspect, Ke can account for a reduction in wind pressure due to an increasing elevation above sea level. Additionally, a Design Wind Load P can be calculated, where the design wind force for solid freestanding walls and solid freestanding signs is calculated using the formula P = qh*G*Cf!As, where qh is the velocity pressure, G is the gust-effect factor, Cf is the net force coefficient, and As is the gross area.

[0090] Additionally, the messenger cable and the cables hanging from hangers off of the messenger cable can be approximated to act as a wall under a wind load. Assuming the system is a wall, s is a height from the messenger cable to the bottom of the largest cable support by the messenger cable, h is the distance from the messenger cable to the ground, B is the maximum row spacing normal to the direction of the wind, and Cf is net force coefficient for wind loads on solid free standing wall and signs. Additionally, in an aspect, a reduction factor can be used due to the reduced solid area to gross area of the hangers due to the void spaces within the cable hangers.

[0091] In an aspect, one environmental factor can include a snow load on the messenger cable. In an aspect, the snow load is geographic specific, and can be determined using tracked historical data for the cite. An example of accessible historical data can be the ACE Hazard Tool, found at https: / / ascehazardtool.org / . The snow load can be measured in pounds per square feet. Additionally, the ground snow load can be calculated using the equation Pf = 0.7 * Ce * Ct * Is * Pg, where the ground snow load (Pg), snow exposure factor (Ce), thermal factor (Ct), and Snow Importance Factor (Is) are used to calculate the snow load (Pf).

[0092] In an aspect, one environmental factor can include seismic activity at the geographical location where the messenger cable is located. In an aspect, the seismic activity can include the mapped spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods, which is derived from the mapped maximum considered earthquake (MCE) ground motion Ss, where “Ss” specifically relates to the spectral acceleration at short periods (typically 0.2 seconds or less). This is representative to the max acceleration a structure with a specific natural frequency of vibration would experience during an earthquake. In an aspect, the seismic activity can include the mapped spectral acceleration parameter at a period of 1 second, also corresponding to the MCE ground motion SI. These parameters, along with other factors like site class and risk category, are used to determine the seismic design forces for buildings and other structures. Another parameter can include a short-period design spectral responseacceleration parameter (SDS), where SDS is a value derived from the site-specific seismic hazard parameters, specifically the short-period spectral response acceleration (Ss) and the long-period spectral response acceleration (SI), and is used to determine the seismic design category. In an aspect, SDS is calculated as (2 / 3)*Ss, and SD1 is calculated as (2 / 3)* SI. SDS represents the expected acceleration of a structure during an earthquake at less than 1 second periods. SD1 represents the design spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1 second of a structure. SD1 is used to calculate the seismic design forces that a structure must be designed to resist.

[0093] In addition to the previously described Seismic parameters, a Seismic Design Force for Non-Structural Components (Fp) is also calculated. Fp refers to the seismic design force on a nonstructural component, calculated using a formula that considers factors like the component's amplification factor (ap), importance factor (Ip), component response modification factor (Rp), and weight / dead weight of the cable (Wp), and is calculated using the equation Fp = 0.3*SDS*Ip*Wp.

[0094] In an aspect, one environmental factor can include ice thickness at the geographical location where the messenger cable is located. In an aspect, the nominal ice thickness is geographic specific, and can be determined using tracked historical data for the cite. An example of accessible historical data can be the ACE Hazard Tool. Ice Load can also be calculated using the equation Ai = pi*td(Dc+td), where De is the cable outside diameter. The Design Ice Thickness (td) is calculated using the equation td = t*Ii*fz*(Kzt)A0.35, where fz is the height factor as a function of elevation, t is the Mapped Nominal Ice Thickness, Kzt is the Topographic Factor, and li is the Ice Importance Factor. In an aspect, the ice load can also be dependent on the hanger dimensions, such as spacing, thickness, ice length of hanger, and length between hanger ice.

[0095] Step 2: A user can input site specific information based on the layout and configuration of the solar panels and their corresponding support structures. These factors can include the pile span between support structures, cable types being used, and the amount of cables. Additionally, factors can include the type of hangers being used, or any other site specific factors required for the calculation.

[0096] Step 3: Calculate a maximum weight per foot based on the inputs. The maximum weight per foot can be a governing consideration for a max tension, since spans of cable canonly be so long due to maximum weight per foot. Major factors which influence the maximum weight per foot include the type of cable, the type of hanger, and the snow and ice loads.

[0097] Step 4: In a sag and tension analysis software, a user can input the maximum weight per foot and the pile span values. A user can also input an initial starting tension value. In an example aspect, the initial starting tension value would be set to 600 lbs at the warmest temperature the site could experience.

[0098] Step 5: Based on these inputs, the sag and tension software calculates a resultant final tension value based on the inputs. In an example aspect, if the resultant final tension value is less than 2996 lbs at the coldest site temp, then 600 lbs is an acceptable upper limit for the installation tension range at any temperature. At this point, this would end the analysis since the initial tension of 600 lbs would not lead to a final tension value over 70% of the breaking tension of the cable being used. A tension range is given to the project of 200 lbs-600 lbs at any temperature, and the method will also provide the worst-case forces that are created from this range so that the pile / foundation design can be designed for the project accordingly. This prevents the need for a traditional stringing chart.

[0099] However, if the final tension is determined to be over 70% of the breaking tension of the cable, the iterative process of the method disclosed herein would continue to step 6.

[0100] Step 6: A lower limit for the tension range is set to a value that makes it possible for an installation crew on site to pull / tension the messenger cable from end to end. In an example aspect, if the tension is less than 80 lbs, then the friction built up from the messenger cable sitting on the support brackets will cause inconsistencies in sag from pile span to pile span. To ensure accuracy, the lower tension limit is set to 200 lbs. Note: the lower tension limit is only set to 200 lbs if the messenger cable can handle this much tension. It could be possible to provide a tension range to a project of 80 lbs-175 lbs if the loads don’t allow for a higher tension.

[0101] Step 7 : As stated above, the iterative process of the method begins when the 600 lbs upper limit causes the final tension to exceed 70% of the breaking strength of the cable being tensioned. Therefore, lower initial tension ranges need to be observed in the calculation that will fit within the prescribed strength limits of the cable (to prevent breaking from tension) and the pile (to prevent deflection due to tension).

[0102] Going through the same process steps as described above, an iterative process is then used to observe the final tension at lower and lower upper initial tension values until the final tension is calculated at under 70% of the messenger cable breaking strength. In an example aspect, the iterative process can determine that 325 lbs is the maximum initial tension that can be used for to ensure the final tension is under the 70% breaking strength parameter. This is accomplished by repeating steps 4-6 with a lower initial tension value that the previous iteration. For example, since 600 lbs was determined to be too high of an initial tension due to the final tension calculated, the system would reduce the initial tension by a set interval. Set intervals can be with a range of 0. 1 lbs to 50 lbs, including intervals of 0.1 lbs, 0.5 lbs, 1 lbs, 5 lbs, 10 lbs, 25 lbs, and 50 lbs. Other intervals can be used and considered within the scope of this disclosure. Once the system calculates the final tension to be under the 70% breaking strength threshold, the iterative process would cease, and the calculated initial tension value would be output. A suer could then use the calculated initial tension value to properly tension the cable on site.

[0103] Based on these calculations, a lateral load Fl, vertical Load F2, and unbalanced tension force F3 can be calculated for each support rail on each intermediate pile, as shown in FIG. 16. Additionally, a lateral load F4 and a vertical load F5 can be calculated on a support rail 156 connected to a intermediate pile 104, where the support rail 156 is connected to the support rail 112 via a bracket 150, plate 154, and bolt 152.

[0104] In addition to calculating the loads on the support rails, a low point of the cable can be calculated based on the measured tension values, as shown in FIG. 18. A distance (L) from the hanger hook to the bottom of a support cable can indicate the low point of the cable along the length of the run. Comparing the distance L with the Total Height TH minus the Upper Length TP of the pile, an installer can ensure the cables would not sag along the ground if proper tension is applied to the cable. Additionally, the vertical load for piles occurring at a ridge of a grade break can also be calculated using the disclosed method, as shown in the below example.

[0105] An exemplary method 300 is illustrated in FIG. 19. The method includes Step 302: securing a first end of a cable to a first support structure at a first securement point; Step 304: positioning the cable along a run extending to a second support structure having a second securement point; Step 306: calculating a tension value corresponding to at least one environmental factor related to where the cable is geographically located, and a maximumpossible vertical distance from the cable at the first securement point to a low point along a length of cable between the first securement point and the second securement point; Step 308: applying the tension value to the cable along the length of the cable; Step 310: securing a second end of the cable to the second securement point of the second support structure; Step 312: securing the cable to a cable support of a third support structure, the third support structure positioned on the run between the first and second support structure; and Step 314: positioning a plurality of hangers along a length of the cable.

[0106] An exemplary method 350 is illustrated in FIG. 20. The method includes Step 352: receiving, via a user interface, input data including: (i) a geographical location of a cable installation site; (ii) environmental parameters comprising a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature, and at least one of a wind load, a snow load, an ice thickness, or seismic acceleration data; and (iii) structural configuration parameters comprising at least one of a pile spacing, a cable type, a hanger type, and number of conductors; Step 354: calculating, via a processor, a total maximum weight per unit length applied to the messenger cable based on the structural parameters and environmental parameters; Steps 356: calculating, via the processor, a maximum allowable final tension in the messenger cable based on a predefined percentage of a rated breaking strength of the messenger cable; Step 358: iteratively determining, by the processor, an installation tension range that ensures the final tension at all site temperatures and load conditions remains below the maximum allowable final tension; Step 360: calculating, via the processor, a final installation tension range by applying a wind load reduction factor to the calculated installation tension range based on a void space between conductors positioned within each hanger; and Step 362: outputting, via the user interface, the final installation tension range.

[0107] An exemplary method 400 is illustrated in FIG. 21. The method includes Step 402: determining a first installation tension and a second installation tension based on a cumulative structural load model corresponding to the cable hanger system that maintains an overall cable sag and a final tension within predetermined tolerances; Step 404: securing a first segment of a messenger cable between a first terminal support structure and a first intermediate support structure; Step 406: applying a first tension force to the first segment of the messenger cable and securing the messenger cable to the first intermediate support structure after achieving the first installation tension; Step 408: securing a second segment of the messenger cable between the first intermediate support structure and a secondintermediate support structure; Step 410: applying a second tension force to the second segment of the messenger cable and securing the messenger cable to the second intermediate support structure after achieving the second installation tension.

[0108] An exemplary method 450 is illustrated in FIG. 22. The method includes Step 452: securing a first end of the messenger cable to a first support structure at a first securement point; Step 454: positioning the messenger cable on a plurality of intermediate support structures such that the messenger cable can move relative to the plurality of the intermediate support structures; Step 456: applying a tension force to a second end of the messenger cable at a second support structure to achieve a predetermined installation tension across an entire length of the messenger cable between the first and second support structures; Step 458: applying uniform distribution of the tension force across the entire length of the messenger cable while the messenger cable moves relative to the plurality of intermediate support structures; and Step 460: subsequent to achieving the predetermined installation tension, securing the messenger cable to at least one intermediate support structure of the plurality of intermediate support structures such that the messenger cable cannot move relative to the at least one intermediate support structure.

[0109] An example of this iterative process can be seen in the below example of structural report applying the above-described method. Using the disclosed method, Vertical Load in the system with a span length of 26.25 ft and when supporting 12x 400 kcmil and 8x 350 kcmil Conductors is calculated to be 647.14 lbs. With an installation tolerance range of 300 lbs-400 lbs the maximum possible Final Tension that could be applied to the End Pile is 2971.00 lbs and the maximum possible vertical distance from the messenger at the pile to the low point of the cabling is 22.66 in.

[0110] EXAMPLE

[0111] Design Parameters Site Longitude -73.05 Site Latitude 43.72WIND LOADWind Speed: lOlmph Risk. Category I, Exposure CKd= 0.85 per table 26.6-1, ASCE 7Kz= 0.85 per table 26.10-1, ASCE 7Kzt= 1 per section 26.8.2, ASCE 7Ke= 1 per section 26.9, ASCE 7SNOW LOADGround Snow Load: 5Opsf per fig. 7.2-1, ASCE 7SEISMICSs= 0.241Sl= 0.071SDs= 0.257SD1= 0.113ICE THICKNESS t= 1 nominal ice thickness per fig. 10-2 to fig. 10-8, ASCE 7ARRAY LAYOUT INFORMATION:Maximum Pile Spacing, S= 26.25ftSYSTEM INFORMATION:Messenger Cable Material = 1 / 0 AAACHanger Spacing, k = 2.0ftLargest Hanger Size Used 31-0158-01Hanger Weight, q = 0.641bsBeam Rod Length Used 6.00inSITE TEMPERATURE:Site Min. Temperature, Ti= -14 deg. FSite Max. Temperature, Tm= 90 deg. FPILE DESIGN INPUT AND TOLERANCE:Allow. End Pile Deflection, 5= 1.00 in default value, can be updated as desired

[0112] Design Calculations - Wind LoadWind Speed: 101 MPHKd= 0.85 per table 26.6-1, ASCE 7Kz= 0.85 per table 26.10-1, ASCE 7Kzt= 1 per section 26.8.2, ASCE 7Ke= 1 per section 26.9, ASCE 7 qz= 0.00256KzKdKztKeV2 qz= 19 PSFFig. 29.3-1: Assuming System is a Sign (i.e. Wall) s= 0.95 ft. Height from Messenger to Bottom of Cable in largest cable used h= 3.00 ft. Distance from Messenger Cable to GradeB= 26.25 ft. Maximum row Spacing s / h= 0.317B / s= 27.6 unfactored Cf= 1.8 from Case A Table, Figure 29.3-1G= 0.85 p= 0.6*qh*G*Cf*As (29.3-1)

[0113] Design Calculations - Snow LoadGround Snow Load: 50 PSF per fig. 7.2-1, ASCE 7Pf= 0.7CeCtIsPgCe= 0.9Ct= 1.2Is= 0.8Pf= 30.24 PSF

[0114] Design Calculations - SeismicSs: 0.241 Fa: 1.284 SDs= 0.257SI: 0.071 Fv: nullFp= 0.4apSDsWp (l+2z / h) z: 4(Rp / Ip) h: 5From ASCE Ch. 13, Table 13.5-1 ap= 2.5Rp= 3.5Ip= 1Fp= 0.19Wp Wp = total dead load of cable

[0115] Design Calculations - Ice LoadDc= conductor outside diameter, inW ice, Di= resultant weight of ice, Ib / ft t= 1.00 in td= t*Ii*fz*(Kzt)0.35Ii= 0.8 z= 3.00 ft.Kzt= 1.0 fz= (z / 33)0.10 fz= 0.79 td= 0.63 inIce Load from Messenger Cable = 0.79 Ib / ft.Ice Load from Hanger = 10.32 Ib / ft.Hanger Spacing= 2.00 ft.Hanger Thickness= 0.04 ft.Ice Length on Hanger= 0.21 ft.Length Between Hanger Ice= 1.79 ft.Total Wt. of Ice2: 3.44 Ib / ft.4: 4.86 Ib / ft.6: 5.16 Ib / ft.8: 5.16 Ib / ft.10: 5.95 Ib / ft.12: 5.95 Ib / ft.14: 6.96 Ib / ft.16: 6.96 Ib / ft.18: 6.22 Ib / ft.20: 6.22 Ib / ft.22: 6.22 Ib / ft.24: 6.22 Ib / ft.26: 7.44 Ib / ft.28: 7.44 Ib / ft.30: 7.44 Ib / ft.

[0116] Maximum Moment on Pile from Vertical Load at Messenger Cable Extension DistanceMessenger Cable Extension From Pile= 5.70 inMoment from Vertical Load with Snow and Ice Loading= 307 ft-lbsMoment from Vertical Load with No Snow or Ice Loading= 131 ft-lbs

[0117] Final Tension and Sag at 300 lbs Installation Tension when installed atMinimum Site TemperatureInstallation Tension = 300 lbsMaximum Number of Conductors = 12X 400kcmilPile Spacing = 26.25 ft.Minimum Site Temp = -14 deg. F

[0118] Final Tension and Sag for Three Weather CasesFinal Tension on End Pile at Minimum Site Temp with Snow and Ice Loading = 2537.00 lbsFinal Sag at Minimum Site Temp with Snow and Ice Loading = 0.85 ft.Final Tension on End Pile at 42 deg F with Snow and Ice Loading = 2339.00 lbsFinal Sag at 42 deg F with Snow and Ice Loading = 0.92 ft. (MAX)Final Tension on End Pile at Maximum Site Temp with no Snow and Ice Loading = 1119.00 lbsFinal Sag at Maximum Site Temp with no Snow and Ice Loading = 0.81 ft.

[0119] Final Tension and Sag at 3001bs Installation Tension when installed atMaximum Site TemperatureInstallation Tension = 300 lbsMaximum Number of Conductors = 12X 400kcmilPile Spacing = 26.25 ft.Maximum Site Temp = 90 deg. F

[0120] Final Tension and Sag for Three Weather CasesFinal Tension on End Pile at Minimum Site Temp with Snow and Ice Loading = 2936.00 lbsFinal Sag at Minimum Site Temp with Snow and Ice Loading = 0.73 ft.Final Tension on End Pile at 42 deg F with Snow and Ice Loading = 2673.00 lbsFinal Sag at 42 deg F with Snow and Ice Loading = 0.80 ft.Final Tension on End Pile at Maximum Site Temp with no Snow and Ice Loading = 1372.00 lbsFinal Sag at Maximum Site Temp with no Snow and Ice Loading = 0.66 ft.

[0121] Final Tension and Sag at 400 lbs Installation Tension when installed atMinimum Site TempInstallation Tension = 400 lbsMaximum Number of Conductors = 12x 400kcmilPile Spacing = 26,25 ft.Minimum Site Temp = -14 deg. F

[0122] Final Tension and Sag for Three Weather CasesFinal Tension on End Pile at Minimum Site Temp with Snow and Ice Loading = 2568.00 lbsFinal Sag at Minimum Site Temp with Snow and Ice Loading = 0.83 ft.Final Tension on End Pile at 42 deg F with Snow and Ice Loading = 2364.00 lbsFinal Sag at 42 deg F with Snow and Ice Loading = 0.91 ft.Final Tension on End Pile at Maximum Site Temp with no Snow and Ice Loading = 1136.00 lbsFinal Sag at Maximum Site Temp with no Snow and Ice Loading = 0.80 ft.

[0123] Final Tension and Sag at 4001bs Installation Tension when installed atMaximum Site TempInstallation Tension = 400 lbsMaximum Number of Conductors = 12x 400kcmilPile Spacing = 26.25 ft.Maximum Site Temp = 90 deg. F

[0124] Final Tension and Sag for Three Weather CasesFinal Tension on End Pile at Minimum Site Temp with Snow and Ice Loading = 2971.00 lbs (MAX)Final Sag at Minimum Site Temp with Snow and Ice Loading = 0.72 ft.Final Tension on End Pile at 42 deg F with Snow and Ice Loading = 2704.00 lbsFinal Sag at 42 deg F with Snow and Ice Loading = 0.79 ft.Final Tension on End Pile at Maximum Site Temp with no Snow and Ice Loading = 1397.00 lbsFinal Sag at Maximum Site Temp with no Snow and Ice Loading = 0.65 ft.

[0125] Low Point of CableLargest Hanger Size Used = 31-0158-01Distance from Hanger Hook to Bottom of Feeder Cable = 11.62 inMaximum Final Sag 11.04 in "L", Vertical Distance from Messenger-Cable-at-Pile to Bottom of-Feeder-Cable = 22.66 in

[0126] Max Tesnion on End Pile if it is Allowed to Deflect Span = 26.25 ftMax Cable Tension on End Pile. No End Pile Deflection = 2971 lbsAllowed End Pile Defelction = 1.00 inMax Linear Weight = 24.65 Ib / ft.Max Cable Tension on End Pile at Deflection = 1832 lbs

[0127] Non-transitory computer program products (i.e., physically embodied computer program products) are also described that store instructions, which when executed by one or more data processors of one or more computing systems, causes at least one data processor to perform operations herein. Similarly, computer systems are also described that may include one or more data processors and memory coupled to the one or more data processors. The memory may temporarily or permanently store instructions that cause at least one processor to perform one or more of the operations described herein. In addition, methods can be implemented by one or more data processors either within a single computing system or distributed among two or more computing systems. Such computing systems can be connected and can exchange data and / or commands or other instructions or the like via one or more connections, including a connection over a network (e.g. the Internet, a wireless wide area network, a local area network, a wide area network, a wired network, or the like), via a direct connection between one or more of the multiple computing systems, and the like.

[0128] One or more aspects or features of the subject matter described herein can be realized in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, specially designed application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) computerT1hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various aspects or features can include implementation in one or more computer programs that are executable and / or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which can be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. The programmable system or computing system may include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other.

[0129] These computer programs, which can also be referred to as programs, software, software applications, applications, components, or code, include machine instructions for a programmable processor, and can be implemented in a high-level procedural language, an object-oriented programming language, a functional programming language, a logical programming language, and / or in assembly / machine language. As used herein, the term “machine-readable medium" refers to any computer program product, apparatus and / or device, such as for example magnetic discs, optical disks, memory, and Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), used to provide machine instructions and / or data to a programmable processor, including a machine-readable medium that receives machine instructions as a machine-readable signal. The term “machine-readable signal” refers to any signal used to provide machine instructions and / or data to a programmable processor. The machine-readable medium can store such machine instructions non-transitorily, such as for example as would a non-transient solid-state memory or a magnetic hard drive or any equivalent storage medium. The machine-readable medium can alternatively or additionally store such machine instructions in a transient manner, such as for example as would a processor cache or other random access memory associated with one or more physical processor cores.

[0130] To provide for interaction with a user, one or more aspects or features of the subject matter described herein can be implemented on a computer having a display device, such as for example a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a light emitting diode (LED) monitor for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device, such as for example a mouse or a trackball, by which the user may provideinput to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well. For example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, such as for example visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. Other possible input devices include touch screens or other touch-sensitive devices such as single or multi-point resistive or capacitive trackpads, voice recognition hardware and software, optical scanners, optical pointers, digital image capture devices and associated interpretation software, and the like.

[0131] In the descriptions above and in the claims, phrases such as “at least one of’ or “one or more of’ may occur followed by a conjunctive list of elements or features. The term “and / or” may also occur in a list of two or more elements or features. Unless otherwise implicitly or explicitly contradicted by the context in which it is used, such a phrase is intended to mean any of the listed elements or features individually or any of the recited elements or features in combination with any of the other recited elements or features. For example, the phrases “at least one of A and B;” “one or more of A and B;” and “A and / or B” are each intended to mean “A alone, B alone, or A and B together.” A similar interpretation is also intended for lists including three or more items. For example, the phrases “at least one of A, B, and C;” “one or more of A, B, and C;” and “A, B, and / or C” are each intended to mean “A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A and B and C together.” In addition, use of the term “based on,” above and in the claims is intended to mean, “based at least in part on,” such that an unrecited feature or element is also permissible.

[0132] Certain exemplary implementations have been described to provide an overall understanding of the principles of the structure, function, manufacture, and use of the systems, devices, and methods disclosed herein. One or more examples of these implementations have been illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand that the systems, devices, and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting exemplary implementations and that the scope of the present invention is defined solely by the claims. The features illustrated or described in connection with one exemplary implementation may be combined with the features of other implementations. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Further, in the present disclosure, like-named components of the implementations generally have similar features, and thus within a particular implementation each feature of each like-named component is not necessarily fully elaborated upon.

[0133] Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially,” are not to be limited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Here and throughout the specification and claims, range limitations may be combined and / or interchanged, such ranges are identified and include all the sub-ranges contained therein unless context or language indicates otherwise.

[0134] One skilled in the art will appreciate further features and advantages of the invention based on the above-described implementations. Accordingly, the present application is not to be limited by what has been particularly shown and described, except as indicated by the appended claims. All publications and references cited herein are expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0135] The subject matter described herein can be embodied in systems, apparatus, methods, and / or articles depending on the desired configuration. The implementations set forth in the foregoing description do not represent all implementations consistent with the subject matter described herein. Instead, they are merely some examples consistent with aspects related to the described subject matter. Although a few variations have been described in detail above, other modifications or additions are possible. In particular, further features and / or variations can be provided in addition to those set forth herein. For example, the implementations described above can be directed to various combinations and subcombinations of the disclosed features and / or combinations and subcombinations of several further features disclosed above. In addition, the logic flows depicted in the accompanying figures and / or described herein do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. Other implementations may be within the scope of the following claims.

[0136] Clause 1. A cable tensioning system, comprising: a first support structure having a first securement point; a second support structure spaced from the first end pile and having a second securement point; a third support structure positioned between the first support structure and the second support structure, the third support structure having a cable support; and a cable extending between the first support structure and the second support structure having a tension value, wherein the tension value corresponds to at least one environmental factor related to where the system is geographically located, and a maximum possible vertical distance from the cable at the first securement point to a low point along a length of cable between the first securement point and the second securement point.

[0137] Clause 2. The system of clause 1, wherein the cable is secured to the cable support subsequent to the cable being secured to the first and second securement points at the tension value.

[0138] Clause 3. The system according to any preceding clause, wherein the at least one environmental factor includes at least one of a latitude and a longitude, a wind load, a snow load, an ice load, a maximum and minimum temperature, and a seismic activity determination.

[0139] Clause 4. The system according to any preceding clause, wherein the tension value additionally corresponds to a support structure spacing value between the first support structure and the third support structure.

[0140] Clause 5. The system according to any preceding clause, wherein a plurality of hangers is positioned along the cable.

[0141] Clause 6. The system according to any preceding clause, wherein the tension value additionally corresponds to at least one of a hanger weight, a hanger spacing between adjacent hangers of the plurality of hangers, a solar power cable weight supported by the plurality of hangers, and a cable weight.

[0142] Clause 7. The system according to any preceding clause, wherein a void area is created within a space between at least two power cables positioned within the hangers such that a reduction factor is used to calculate a wind load on the system.

[0143] Clause 8. The system according to any preceding clause, wherein the tension value is related to a vertical load applied to the cable between the first support structure and the third support structure.

[0144] Clause 9. The system according to any preceding clause, wherein the cable support of the third support structure has a positive mechanical connection with the cable.

[0145] Clause 10. The system according to any preceding clause, wherein the cable support is configured to dampen vibrations along the length of the cable.

[0146] Clause 11. A method, comprising: securing a first end of a cable to a first support structure at a first securement point; positioning the cable along a run extending to a second support structure having a second securement point; calculating a tension value corresponding to at least one environmental factor related to where the cable is geographically located, and a maximum possible vertical distance from the cable at the first securement point to a low point along a length of cable between the first securement point and the second securement point; applying the tension value to the cable along the length of the cable; securing a second end of the cable to the second securement point of the second support structure; securing the cable to a cable support of a third support structure, the third support structure positioned on the run between the first and second support structure; and positioning a plurality of hangers along a length of the cable.

[0147] Clause 12. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the at least one environmental factor includes at least one of a latitude and a longitude, a wind load, a snow load, an ice load, a maximum and minimum temperature, and a seismic activity determination.

[0148] Clause 13. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein calculating the tension value further includes calculating a wind load on the cable and the plurality of hangers.

[0149] Clause 14. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein a void area created within a space between at least two power cables positioned within the hangers such that a reduction factor is used to calculate a wind load on the system.

[0150] Clause 15. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein calculating the tension value further includes calculating a snow load on the cable.

[0151] Clause 16. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein calculating the tension value further includes calculating a seismic activity determination related to where the cable is geographically located.

[0152] Clause 17. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the tension value corresponds to at least one of a hanger weight and a hanger spacing between adjacent hangers of the plurality of hangers.

[0153] Clause 18. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the tension value is related to a lateral load and a vertical load applied to the cable support of the third support structure.

[0154] Clause 19. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the cable support of the third support structure has a positive mechanical connection with the cable.

[0155] Clause 20. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the cable support is configured to dampen any additional forces along the length of the cable.

[0156] Clause 21. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the first support structure and the second support structure have a maximum height of 15 feet.

[0157] Clause 22. A method for determining an installation tension for a messenger cable in a cable hanger system, the method comprising: receiving, via a user interface, input data including: (i) a geographical location of a cable installation site; (ii) environmental parameters comprising a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature, and at least one of a wind load, a snow load, an ice thickness, or seismic acceleration data; and (iii) structural configuration parameters comprising at least one of a pile spacing, a cable type, a hanger type, and number of conductors; calculating, via a processor, a total maximum weight per unit length applied to the messenger cable based on the structural parameters and environmental parameters; calculating, via the processor, a maximum allowable final tension in the messenger cable based on a predefined percentage of a rated breaking strength of the messenger cable; iteratively determining, by the processor, an installation tension range that ensures the final tension at all site temperatures and load conditions remains below themaximum allowable final tension; calculating, via the processor, a final installation tension range by applying a wind load reduction factor to the calculated installation tension range based on a void space between conductors positioned within each hanger; and outputting, via the user interface, the final installation tension range.

[0158] Clause 23. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the void space is defined as a ratio of solid area to gross area of the hanger cross-section.

[0159] Clause 24. The method according to any preceding clause, further comprising calculating, via the processor, design loads applied to pile components of the cable hanger system that support the messenger cable while under tension.

[0160] Clause 25. A method of tensioning a messenger cable in a cable hanger system spanning a plurality of support structures, comprising: determining a first installation tension and a second installation tension based on a cumulative structural load model corresponding to the cable hanger system that maintains an overall cable sag and a final tension within predetermined tolerances; securing a first segment of a messenger cable between a first terminal support structure and a first intermediate support structure; applying a first tension force to the first segment of the messenger cable and securing the messenger cable to the first intermediate support structure after achieving the first installation tension; securing a second segment of the messenger cable between the first intermediate support structure and a second intermediate support structure; applying a second tension force to the second segment of the messenger cable and securing the messenger cable to the second intermediate support structure after achieving the second installation tension.

[0161] Clause 26. The method according to any preceding clause, further comprising repeating the process for successive adjacent segments of the messenger cable along a length of the messenger cable between the first terminal support structure and a second terminal support structure.

[0162] Clause 27. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the first and second intermediate support structures are positioned between the first and second terminal support structure along the length of the messenger cable.

[0163] Clause 28. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the first intermediate support structure is spaced apart from the second intermediate support structure along the length of the messenger cable.

[0164] Clause 29. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the predetermined tolerances include at least one of a rated breaking strength of the messenger cable and a maximum deflection value of the first terminal support structure.

[0165] Clause 30. A method of tensioning a messenger cable in a cable support system, comprising: securing a first end of the messenger cable to a first support structure at a first securement point; positioning the messenger cable on a plurality of intermediate support structures such that the messenger cable can move relative to the plurality of the intermediate support structures; applying a tension force to a second end of the messenger cable at a second support structure to achieve a predetermined installation tension across an entire length of the messenger cable between the first and second support structures; applying uniform distribution of the tension force across the entire length of the messenger cable while the messenger cable moves relative to the plurality of intermediate support structures; and subsequent to achieving the predetermined installation tension, securing the messenger cable to at least one intermediate support structure of the plurality of intermediate support structures such that the messenger cable cannot move relative to the at least one intermediate support structure.

[0166] Clause 31. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the messenger cable can move relative to the plurality of intermediate support structures along the entire length of the messenger cable prior to being secured to the at lest one intermediate support.

[0167] Clause 32. A system for determining an installation tension for a messenger cable, the system comprising: a user interface; at least one processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform: receiving, via the user interface, input data including: (i) a geographical location of a cable installation site; (ii) environmental parameters comprising a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature, and at least one of a wind load, a snow load, an ice thickness, or seismic acceleration data; and (iii) structural configuration parameters comprising at least one of apile spacing, a cable type, a hanger type, and number of conductors; calculating, via the processor, a total maximum weight per unit length applied to the messenger cable based on the structural parameters and environmental parameters; calculating, via the processor, a maximum allowable final tension in the messenger cable based on a predefined percentage of a rated breaking strength of the messenger cable; iteratively determining, by the processor, an installation tension range that ensures the final tension at all site temperatures and load conditions remains below the maximum allowable final tension; calculating, via the processor, a final installation tension range by applying a wind load reduction factor to the calculated installation tension range based on a void space between conductors positioned within each hanger; and outputting, via the user interface, the final installation tension range.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed:

1. A cable tensioning system, comprising: a first support structure having a first securement point; a second support structure spaced from the first end pile and having a second securement point; a third support structure positioned between the first support structure and the second support structure, the third support structure having a cable support; and a cable extending between the first support structure and the second support structure having a tension value, wherein the tension value corresponds to at least one environmental factor related to where the system is geographically located, and a maximum possible vertical distance from the cable at the first securement point to a low point along a length of cable between the first securement point and the second securement point.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the cable is secured to the cable support subsequent to the cable being secured to the first and second securement points at the tension value.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one environmental factor includes at least one of a latitude and a longitude, a wind load, a snow load, an ice load, a maximum and minimum temperature, and a seismic activity determination.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the tension value additionally corresponds to a support structure spacing value between the first support structure and the third support structure.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of hangers is positioned along the cable.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the tension value additionally corresponds to at least one of a hanger weight, a hanger spacing between adjacent hangers of the plurality of hangers, a solar power cable weight supported by the plurality of hangers, and a cable weight.

7. The system of claim 5, wherein a void area is created within a space between at least two power cables positioned within the hangers such that a reduction factor is used to calculate a wind load on the system.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the tension value is related to a vertical load applied to the cable between the first support structure and the third support structure.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the cable support of the third support structure has a positive mechanical connection with the cable.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the cable support is configured to dampen vibrations along the length of the cable.

11. A method, comprising: securing a first end of a cable to a first support structure at a first securement point; positioning the cable along a run extending to a second support structure having a second securement point; calculating a tension value corresponding to at least one environmental factor related to where the cable is geographically located, and a maximum possible vertical distance from the cable at the first securement point to a low point along a length of cable between the first securement point and the second securement point; applying the tension value to the cable along the length of the cable; securing a second end of the cable to the second securement point of the second support structure; securing the cable to a cable support of a third support structure, the third support structure positioned on the run between the first and second support structure; and positioning a plurality of hangers along a length of the cable.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one environmental factor includes at least one of a latitude and a longitude, a wind load, a snow load, an ice load, a maximum and minimum temperature, and a seismic activity determination.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein calculating the tension value further includes calculating a wind load on the cable and the plurality of hangers.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein a void area created within a space between at least two power cables positioned within the hangers such that a reduction factor is used to calculate a wind load on the system.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein calculating the tension value further includes calculating a snow load on the cable.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein calculating the tension value further includes calculating a seismic activity determination related to where the cable is geographically located.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the tension value corresponds to at least one of a hanger weight and a hanger spacing between adjacent hangers of the plurality of hangers.

18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the tension value is related to a lateral load and a vertical load applied to the cable support of the third support structure.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the cable support of the third support structure has a positive mechanical connection with the cable.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the cable support is configured to dampen any additional forces along the length of the cable.

21. The method of claim 11, wherein the first support structure and the second support structure have a maximum height of 15 feet.

22. A method for determining an installation tension for a messenger cable in a cable hanger system, the method comprising: receiving, via a user interface, input data including:(i) a geographical location of a cable installation site;(ii) environmental parameters comprising a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature, and at least one of a wind load, a snow load, an ice thickness, or seismic acceleration data; and(iii) structural configuration parameters comprising at least one of a pile spacing, a cable type, a hanger type, and number of conductors; calculating, via a processor, a total maximum weight per unit length applied to the messenger cable based on the structural parameters and environmental parameters; calculating, via the processor, a maximum allowable final tension in the messenger cable based on a predefined percentage of a rated breaking strength of the messenger cable; iteratively determining, by the processor, an installation tension range that ensures thefinal tension at all possible site temperatures and load conditions remains below the maximum allowable final tension; calculating, via the processor, a final installation tension range by applying a wind load reduction factor to the calculated installation tension range based on a void space between conductors positioned within each hanger; and outputting, via the user interface, the final installation tension range.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the void space is defined as a ratio of solid area to gross area of the hanger cross-section.

24. The method of claim 22, further comprising calculating, via the processor, design loads applied to pile components of the cable hanger system that support the messenger cable while under tension.

25. A method of tensioning a messenger cable in a cable hanger system spanning a plurality of support structures, comprising: determining a first installation tension and a second installation tension based on a cumulative structural load model corresponding to the cable hanger system that maintains an overall cable sag and a final tension within predetermined tolerances; securing a first segment of a messenger cable between a first terminal support structure and a first intermediate support structure; applying a first tension force to the first segment of the messenger cable and securing the messenger cable to the first intermediate support structure after achieving the first installation tension; securing a second segment of the messenger cable between the first intermediate support structure and a second intermediate support structure; and applying a second tension force to the second segment of the messenger cable and securing the messenger cable to the second intermediate support structure after achieving the second installation tension.

26. The method of claim 25, further comprising repeating the process for successive adjacent segments of the messenger cable along a length of the messenger cable between the first terminal support structure and a second terminal support structure.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the first and second intermediate support structures are positioned between the first and second terminal support structure along the length of the messenger cable.

28. The method of claim 25, wherein the first intermediate support structure is spaced apart from the second intermediate support structure along the length of the messenger cable.

29. The method of claim 25, wherein the predetermined tolerances include at least one of a rated breaking strength of the messenger cable and a maximum deflection value of the first terminal support structure.

30. A method of tensioning a messenger cable in a cable support system, comprising: securing a first end of the messenger cable to a first support structure at a first securement point; positioning the messenger cable on a plurality of intermediate support structures such that the messenger cable can move relative to the plurality of the intermediate support structures; applying a tension force to a second end of the messenger cable at a second support structure to achieve a predetermined installation tension across an entire length of the messenger cable between the first and second support structures; applying uniform distribution of the tension force across the entire length of the messenger cable while the messenger cable moves relative to the plurality of intermediate support structures; and subsequent to achieving the predetermined installation tension, securing the messenger cable to at least one intermediate support structure of the plurality of intermediate support structures such that the messenger cable cannot move relative to the at least one intermediate support structure.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the messenger cable can move relative to the plurality of intermediate support structures along the entire length of the messenger cable prior to being secured to the at lest one intermediate support.

32. A system for determining an installation tension for a messenger cable, the system comprising: a user interface; at least one processor; anda non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform: receiving, via the user interface, input data including:(i) a geographical location of a cable installation site;(ii) environmental parameters comprising a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature, and at least one of a wind load, a snow load, an ice thickness, or seismic acceleration data; and(iii) structural configuration parameters comprising at least one of a pile spacing, a cable type, a hanger type, and number of conductors; calculating, via the processor, a total maximum weight per unit length applied to the messenger cable based on the structural parameters and environmental parameters; calculating, via the processor, a maximum allowable final tension in the messenger cable based on a predefined percentage of a rated breaking strength of the messenger cable; iteratively determining, by the processor, an installation tension range that ensures the final tension at all site temperatures and load conditions remains below the maximum allowable final tension; calculating, via the processor, a final installation tension range by applying a wind load reduction factor to the calculated installation tension range based on a void space between conductors positioned within each hanger; and outputting, via the user interface, the final installation tension range.

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