A novel ECO-formulation for management of viraldiseases in plants and its application thereof

Abstract

A scientifically formulated blend of extracts derived from various terrestrial and aquatic plants. It empowers plants to combat both biotic and abiotic stresses by activating their innate resistance mechanisms, resulting in increased overall physiological functions and productivity. The formulation is having different combination PP-1 and PP-2 Blends (blend of Salicylic acid, gibberellic acid and organic silica along with seaweed extract, fulvic substances, humic acid and micronutrients) are prepared for the treatment against Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) in crops like papaya and tomato, pomegranate, black pepper, pulses, oilseeds, flowers, and others

Description

[0001] A NOVEL ECO-FORMULATION FOR MANAGEMENT OF VIRAL DISEASES IN PLANTS AND ITS APPLICATION THEREOF FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention pertains to the field of agricultural sciences, specifically to a formulation for the management of viral diseases in crops. The formulation comprises a probiotic blend of extracts of seaweeds, growth hormones, growth promoters and minerals. It enhances the plant's ability to withstand both biotic and abiotic stresses, overcome the virus infection by stimulating innate resistance pathways, thereby improving overall physiological performance and crop productivity. This probiotic formulation is entirely natural, eco-friendly, non-toxic, and safe for agricultural use. It acts systemically within the plant and is compatible with most commonly used pesticides and nutrients, offering a flexible and sustainable solution for farmers against viral diseases. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Several prior inventions and scientific disclosures have addressed plant health, disease management, and resilience enhancement using various chemical and biological formulations. However, each of these approaches presents specific limitations, particularly concerning environmental sustainability, pathogen resistance, and efficacy under variable climatic conditions. And there are no products that can cure the plants once infected by virus diseases. For instance, BR112012013096B1 discloses an agrochemical composition containing a combination of an imidazolinone herbicide and a fungicidal compound such as fluxapyroxad or boscalide, aimed at increasing crop yield and tolerance. Although this composition offers synergistic benefits, it primarily relies on synthetic agrochemicals, raising concerns about environmental persistence and potential toxicity. WO2020109729A1 describes the use of linear or branched ω-hydroxylated fatty acids for plant protection against pathogens. While effective when applied preventively, its efficacy is limited post-infection and does not address systemic biotic and abiotic stress responses comprehensively. US2020163335A1 introduces a formulation comprising non-ionic surfactants derived from polyols and sterols to improve plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. However, its mode of action is largely passive and lacks a robust defense induction mechanism to combat active viral or microbial infections. Shirasu et al. (1997) highlight the complex role of salicylic acid (SA) in disease resistance. Although SA is pivotal in triggering plant immune responses, exogenous application often requires high concentrations and fails to elicit strong defense activation in the absence of pathogens. This indicates the need for more effective elicitors capable of functioning at physiological concentrations with minimal phytotoxicity. Gómez-Vásquez et al. (2004) further emphasize the utility of elicitors—natural or synthetic compounds capable of mimicking pathogen signals to activate plant defenses. However, the practical use of such elicitors remains limited due to variability in effectiveness and specificity across different plant species and stress conditions. El-Gamal et al. (2007) discuss existing challenges with conventional plant protection strategies including chemical pesticides and fungicides, which, despite being widely used, are often uneconomical, environmentally hazardous, and in some cases, carcinogenic. This has fueled the demand for safer, eco-friendly alternatives. Yamauchi et al. (2018) review the potential of biostimulants in enhancing plant resilience to environmental stress factors. While promising, current biostimulant technologies often lack the dual function of managing both biotic and abiotic stresses while being compatible with existing agricultural practices. Given these limitations, there is a pressing need for a novel, natural, and non-toxic formulation that not only protects plants against viral diseases but also boosts their resistance to a wide spectrum of environmental stresses. The present invention addresses this gap by providing a probiotic blend of plant-derived extracts capable of activating systemic resistance pathways, enhancing physiological responses, and supporting sustainable agricultural practices. This innovative formulation offers compatibility with conventional inputs like pesticides and nutrients, thereby integrating easily into existing farm management systems. PROBLEM STATEMENT Papaya Ringspot and watermelon mosaic are two significant viral diseases that pose severe threats to papaya and cucurbit crops worldwide. These diseases are caused primarily by the Papaya Ringspot Virus (PRSV) and Watermelon Mosaic Virus-1 (WMV-1), respectively, and have been responsible for substantial agricultural losses, especially in tropical and subtropical regions where these crops are extensively cultivated. The economic importance of papaya and cucurbits such as watermelon, pumpkin, and cucumber makes their protection from viral attacks a priority for growers and agricultural scientists alike. Historically, the agricultural industry has relied heavily on chemical pesticides and synthetic formulations to control these viral infections and the vectors (mainly aphids) that transmit them. Some of the most commonly used active ingredients in these pesticides include flonicamid, imidacloprid, pymetrozine, thiamethoxam, sulfoxaflor, acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and bifenthrin. These chemicals are designed primarily for insecticidal action, aiming to control aphid populations and other vector organisms. However, their use presents a variety of well- documented environmental, health, and agronomic problems. And the vector control is only preventive method and does not offer any benefit once virus is transmitted. One of the most pressing concerns is the toxicity associated with these compounds. Many of these molecules are neurotoxic to insects and have residual effects that persist in the environment long after application. They can leach into the soil and water systems, leading to soil contamination and water pollution. Their repeated and extensive use has been directly linked to the decline in soil health, particularly through the destruction of beneficial soil microorganisms. These microorganisms play a vital role in maintaining soil fertility, nutrient cycling, and disease suppression. Their loss can compromise the long-term productivity of agricultural fields and reduce the soil’s ability to recover from stress. Furthermore, many of these synthetic pesticides are non-selective, meaning they also affect non-target organisms such as pollinators, natural predators of pests, and other beneficial insects. This disrupts the ecological balance and can lead to secondary pest outbreaks, making the system even more dependent on chemical interventions. Additionally, pesticide resistance is becoming increasingly common, as viruses and insect vectors evolve mechanisms to survive these chemical treatments, rendering them ineffective over time. In addition to environmental degradation, the health risks posed to farmworkers, consumers, and wildlife due to the overuse of these pesticides are substantial. Residues of harmful chemicals have been detected in fruits and vegetables, raising public health concerns. Many of these active ingredients have also been flagged by regulatory bodies for their potential carcinogenic, endocrine-disrupting, or neurotoxic effects. Given the severity of these issues, there is an urgent need to develop plant-based, eco- friendly, and sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical pesticides. Such formulations should ideally offer broad-spectrum antiviral activity, enhance plant immunity, and be safe for the environment, beneficial organisms, and human health. A natural, biodegradable formulation that not only controls PRSV and WMV-1 but also promotes soil health and yields high-quality, nutritious fruits could revolutionize current agricultural practices. This shift towards green plant protection technologies is not only desirable but essential, aligning with global trends in sustainable agriculture, climate resilience, and food safety. The development and deployment of herbal or botanical antiviral solutions can provide a safer, cost- effective, and environmentally sound approach to viral disease management in papaya and cucurbit crops, ensuring long-term agricultural sustainability and productivity. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a novel, eco-friendly, and non-toxic probiotic formulation comprising a unique blend of bioactive extracts derived from aquatic plants (seaweeds), growth promoters, hormones and minerals. This inventive composition is designed to enhance plant defense mechanisms, thereby equipping crops to effectively withstand a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. By stimulating the plant’s innate immune responses, the formulation supports the plant to overcome the viral infections, healthier growth, and better tolerance to environmental stressors such as drought, and oxidative stress. Unlike conventional chemical pesticides or synthetic bio-stimulants that often pose risks to human health, beneficial insects, and soil ecology, this plant-base and natural probiotic blend is entirely biodegradable and safe for long-term use in agriculture. It does not leave behind harmful residues in soil, water, or the food chain, making it a sustainable alternative for modern crop management. The formulation is non-toxic to both plants and humans and can be used safely across various stages of plant growth without the need for special handling or storage precautions. The inventive formulation is enriched with secondary metabolites, phytohormones, polysaccharides, and micronutrients naturally occurring in selected plant and natural sources. These components work synergistically to boost the plant’s physiological functions, including improved nutrient uptake, enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, and increased enzymatic activity. The result is enhanced plant vigor, faster recovery from environmental stress, and increased yield quality and quantity. A major advantage of this invention is its systemic mode of action. Upon application, the probiotic formulation is absorbed and translocated within the plant tissues, enabling comprehensive internal protection against viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. Additionally, the formulation helps modulate the expression of stress-related genes, activate systemic acquired resistance (SAR), and enhance antioxidant activity in plant cells. This ensures long-lasting resilience without the repeated high-dosage applications typically required with synthetic alternatives. The formulation has also been designed for broad compatibility with commonly used agro- inputs, including pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and foliar fertilizers. It can be integrated seamlessly into existing crop protection and nutrition programs, making it a practical and adaptable solution for conventional and organic farming systems alike. Its easy application through foliar spray, soil drenching, or seed treatment further enhances its usability and acceptance among farmers. Field trials and greenhouse evaluations have demonstrated that crops treated with the present probiotic formulation exhibit reduced incidence and severity of virus diseases, better drought tolerance, and higher marketable yield compared to untreated controls. These benefits are achieved without compromising the ecological balance or contributing to chemical load accumulation in the environment. In essence, this invention introduces a holistic, plant-based tool that not only defends crops from adverse biological and environmental conditions but also promotes sustainable agriculture. By reducing dependency on synthetic agrochemicals, this formulation supports the goals of eco- conscious farming, ensuring food security, environmental health, and economic viability for growers. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The primary objective of the present invention is to address critical gaps and limitations in current agricultural practices, particularly with regard to the sustainable management of viral diseases in crops. Despite advancements in crop protection technologies, existing methods continue to rely heavily on chemical pesticides and synthetic agents that pose risks to environmental health, soil biodiversity, and long-term crop productivity. The present invention has been conceptualized and developed in direct response to these persistent challenges, offering a safer, scientifically validated, and eco-friendly alternative. One of the principal aims of the invention is to provide a plant-based probiotic formulation composed of carefully selected extracts from various seaweeds, known for their biostimulant and immunomodulatory properties and growth promoters, phytohormones and natural minerals. This unique blend has been designed to activate and enhance the innate resistance mechanisms of plants, enabling them to effectively combat both biotic stresses—such as viral, bacterial, and fungal infections—and abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, temperature fluctuations, and oxidative stress. Through this biological activation, the formulation contributes to improved plant vigor, physiological functions, and overall yield. A further objective of the invention is to develop and evaluate two distinct formulations, referred to as PP-1 and PP-2 blends. These formulations are optimized for foliar application and have been subjected to extensive field testing on a diverse range of economically significant crops, including papaya, tomato, black pepper, pulses, oilseeds, and ornamental flowers. These field trials aim to determine the efficacy of the formulations in enhancing resistance, improving fruit quality, and supporting higher agricultural productivity under various environmental and pathogen- stressed conditions. Another key goal is to explore and validate the synergistic impact of combining active components such as salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, and organic silica with seaweed extracts, fulvic substances, humic acid, and essential micronutrients. This combination is specifically studied for its ability to suppress Papaya Ringspot Virus (PRSV) under field conditions, offering a natural and sustainable approach to disease management. Ultimately, the invention aims to promote a shift toward eco-conscious and health-friendly agricultural practices, reducing dependency on toxic chemical treatments and supporting soil health, plant immunity, and crop quality. This aligns with global efforts toward sustainable farming and long-term food security. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying figures. In the figures, identical or corresponding components are indicated by the same reference numerals throughout, and the illustrations are provided to demonstrate the effects and implementation of the invention: ^ Figure 1(a): Illustrates the condition of the infected crop prior to the application of the PP- 1 and PP-2 blend formulations, highlighting the visible symptoms of disease and stress. ^ Figure 1(b): Shows the same crop following treatment with the F4 formulation, demonstrating total recovery and improvement in plant health and vigor. ^ Figure 2(a): Depicts the quality and appearance of fruits produced by untreated plants, prior to the application of Formulation F4 treatment. ^ Figure 2(b): Displays the fruits produced after treatment with Formulation F4, indicating enhanced fruit quality and yield as a result of the formulation’s efficacy. ^ Figure 3(a) illustrates chlorophyll content (SPAD value) in infected Cassava and treated cassava. ^ Figure 3(b) illustrates PR gene expression and chlorophyll content and fruit yield over time(day / s) ^ Figure 4 illustrates Effect of the present formulation treated on Virus-Infected papaya on the Parameters like symtoms severity, viral load, chlorophyll content, fruit yield and PR gene expression. ^ Figure 5 illustrates chlorophyll content (SPAD units) and fruit yield(kg / plant) ^ Figure 5 illustrates understanding SPAD value in plant health monitoring in cassava before treatment and after treatment These figures collectively provide compelling visual evidence of the invention’s effectiveness in mitigating plant stress and enhancing crop productivity. The results clearly demonstrate how the natural formulation supports a sustainable and environmentally responsible approach to agriculture. Unlike conventional chemical pesticides, this eco-friendly solution significantly reduces the risk of chemical spillover, thereby safeguarding environmental components such as soil health and water quality. Additionally, by promoting natural resistance mechanisms in plants and reducing dependency on synthetic pesticides, the invention helps in curbing the emergence of pest resistance and suppresses the proliferation of resistant pest populations. It also contributes to the preservation of biodiversity by minimizing harm to beneficial organisms, including pollinators and soil microbes. Furthermore, the non-toxic nature of the formulation ensures improved safety for humans and animals, reinforcing its role in promoting public health and ecological balance. Overall, the invention presents a holistic and sustainable alternative to traditional pesticide-based disease management practices in agriculture. The present invention offers numerous advantages that position it as a sustainable and forward-looking solution in modern agriculture. Firstly, it serves as an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic pesticides. By minimizing harmful chemical residues in soil, water, and food, it promotes safer agricultural practices and contributes to long-term environmental protection. Secondly, the formulation excels in managing both biotic stresses, such as viral infections, and abiotic stresses, like drought and heat, thereby enhancing plant resilience across varied climatic conditions. This directly translates to improved crop health and robust development. Thirdly, it significantly enhances crop productivity by stimulating the plant’s innate immunity and promoting vigorous, healthy growth, as evidenced by its successful application in papaya and other crops. In addition to boosting yields, the invention plays a vital role in reducing dependency on toxic agrochemicals. This not only addresses the issue of chemical spillover and the resulting environmental degradation but also slows down the development of pesticide-resistant pests. Its natural composition ensures the preservation of soil health and prevents contamination of water sources, thus maintaining ecological integrity. Furthermore, the formulation protects biodiversity by being non-lethal to beneficial organisms such as pollinators, earthworms, and other helpful fauna, supporting a balanced agroecosystem. Human and animal health also benefit from this innovation. Its non-toxic nature ensures the safety of farm workers, reduces pesticide exposure for consumers, and prevents harm to livestock, ultimately supporting safer food systems. The invention’s multi-targeted biological mode of action further mitigates the risk of pest resistance, a growing concern with repeated chemical pesticide use. It also aligns seamlessly with regenerative agriculture principles, as it helps restore soil vitality, enhances natural resistance in plants, and supports ecosystem services vital to sustainable farming. Lastly, its compatibility with commonly used fertilizers and pesticides, along with its broad applicability across various crop types, makes the formulation highly versatile. This adaptability ensures it can be easily integrated into existing farming practices, making it a valuable component of integrated pest and disease management strategies. Overall, the invention delivers a holistic, scientifically grounded approach to crop protection and productivity enhancement while prioritizing environmental and public health. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION To facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the principles underlying the present invention, reference is now made to various embodiments illustrated through the accompanying figures and examples. The invention will be described in specific language to ensure clarity and depth of understanding. However, it must be expressly noted that the scope of the invention is not confined to the specific embodiments and illustrations described herein. Modifications, adaptations, and equivalent variations that may be evident to those skilled in the art are considered to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. The following detailed description and the general overview provided earlier are intended to be illustrative and explanatory, not restrictive. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, all technical and scientific terminology employed herein is to be interpreted in accordance with the standard understanding of a person skilled in the relevant field of agricultural biotechnology, plant sciences, or agrochemical formulations. Throughout this specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "another embodiment," or similar expressions are intended to indicate that a specific feature, structure, function, or characteristic described in relation to the embodiment may be included in at least one form of the invention. Repeated use of such terminology in various locations of the specification does not necessarily imply that the embodiments referred to are mutually exclusive or represent the same embodiment, unless explicitly stated. Furthermore, the use of terms such as "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," and any variations thereof are intended to denote non-exhaustive inclusivity. For example, a formulation or method described as "comprising" certain elements does not exclude the presence of additional unlisted elements. Similarly, a process described with a specific sequence of steps may include further steps that are either implicit or understood within the context of standard practice. Unless otherwise specified, all measurements, values, and scientific terminology used in this disclosure adhere to conventional usage as understood by practitioners in the field. The terms “a” or “an” should not be interpreted as a limitation of quantity but as indicating the presence of at least one of the referenced item or step. In the context of this invention:^The term “Elicitors” refers to natural or synthetic compounds that stimulate a plant’s internal defense mechanisms. These molecules activate various biosynthetic and signaling pathways within the plant, leading to the production of defense-related metabolites, enzymes, and signaling compounds. Depending on the elicitor used, the plant may be primed to resist biotic stressors such as pathogens and pests, or abiotic stressors such as drought and salinity. ^ The term “Antioxidant activity” refers to the capacity of a compound or blend to inhibit or slow down the oxidative degradation of essential biomolecules, particularly lipids and proteins. Oxidative stress is a common physiological challenge in plants subjected to environmental stressors or disease conditions. Components with antioxidant properties act by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby preserving cell integrity, delaying senescence, and promoting resilience. The present invention provides a novel probiotic formulation derived from a combination of aquatic plant (seaweed) extracts, growth promoters, phytohormones and natural minerals. This blend is designed to stimulate the plant’s innate immunity, offering systemic protection against a range of biotic and abiotic stress factors. The formulation is entirely natural, non-toxic, biodegradable, and compatible with conventional crop protection and nutrient management products. It has demonstrated efficacy when applied via foliar sprays across a range of crops including, but not limited to, papaya, tomato, flowers, pulses, and oilseeds. This formulation combines bioactive agents such as salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, seaweed extract, organic silica, fulvic substances, humic acid, and essential micronutrients. The synergy between these components not only triggers defense mechanisms in plants but also enhances photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and overall physiological performance. Field trials have shown significant improvement in plant health, resistance to viral infections like PRSV (Papaya ringspot virus), and enhanced fruit quality and yield. Working Example Example 1: Preparation of PP-1 Blend Composition In this example, the preparation of the PP-1 blend composition involves the formulation of a synergistic mixture comprising salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, and organic silica, each selected for its role in enhancing plant defense responses and promoting overall plant health. Preparation steps: 1. Selection of Ingredients: o Salicylic acid (25%): Acts as a primary active elicitor, known for its role in inducing systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants. o Gibberellic acid (25%): Serves as a secondary active component, promoting plant growth and aiding in stress mitigation. o Organic silica (10%): Functions as a structural enhancer that reinforces cell walls and improves plant resistance to both biotic and abiotic stress factors. Table 1 Formulation of PP-1 Blend Constituents In W / W % Salicylic acid 25% Gibberellic acid 25% organic silica 10% 2. Measurement and Weighing: All ingredients are weighed accurately using an analytical balance under standard laboratory conditions. The measurements are performed under a controlled environment to ensure precision and prevent contamination or degradation of sensitive components. 3. Solubilization: Each active ingredient is dissolved individually in an appropriate solvent (preferably deionized water or ethanol, depending on solubility profiles) under constant stirring using a magnetic stirrer at ambient temperature (~25°C). 4. Blending Procedure: Once solubilized, the solutions of salicylic acid and gibberellic acid are combined first. The mixture is stirred continuously to ensure homogeneous blending. Subsequently, the solution of organic silica is added gradually to the mixture under continuous agitation. 5. Homogenization: The complete blend is then subjected to homogenization using a high- shear mixer for 15–20 minutes to ensure a uniform and stable formulation. 6. Filtration and Storage: The final formulation is filtered through a 0.22 μm sterile membrane filter to remove any un-dissolved particles or microbial contaminants. The sterile filtrate is collected in amber-colored glass bottles and stored at 4–8°C until use. Preparation of PP-2 Blend Composition The PP-2 blend composition is formulated as a synergistic mixture designed to promote plant growth, enhance nutrient uptake, and provide resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. This blend combines naturally derived bio-stimulants with essential micronutrients to deliver comprehensive support to crops. Preparation of composition: 1. Selection of Ingredients: o Seaweed Extract (20%): Rich in plant growth hormones such as cytokinins, auxins, and gibberellins. It improves plant metabolism and resistance to stress. o Fulvic Substances (5%): Act as natural chelators, enhancing nutrient absorption and stimulating microbial activity in the rhizosphere. o Humic Acid (5%): Improves soil structure, nutrient retention, and root development. ^ Micronutrients: Zinc (Zn) – 1.5%, Iron (Fe) – 1.0%, Manganese (Mn) – 0.5%, Boron (B) – 1.0% and Magnesium (Mg) – 0.5% Table 2 Formulation of PP-2 Blend Constituents In W / W % Seaweed extract 20% fulvic substances 5% Humic acid 5% Micronutrients 1.5% Zn, 1% Fe, 0.5% Mn, 1% B and 0.5% Mg. The PP-1 and PP-2 blends are prepared using the aforementioned process to create different formulations, including Formulation-1, Formulation-2, Formulation-3, and Formulation-4. The efficacy of each formulation is then evaluated through appropriate testing. Formulation-1 Table 3 Different formulations of PP-1 and PP-2 blend Formulations F1 F2 F3 F4 PP-1 Blend 80% 70% 60% 50% PP-2 Blend 20% 30% 40% 50% 5 Efficacy of Different formulation of PP-1 and PP-2 Blends Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) Various formulations of PP-1 and PP-2 blends are prepared, and their efficacy is tested through foliar application on crops such as papaya, tomato, pomegranate, black pepper, pulses, oilseeds, flowers, and other plants. Effect of PP-1 and PP-2 Blends formulations on Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) 10 Table 4 Extract Activity test EC50 / 72 hr Fiducial Slope Chi-sq (%) Limit Control Growth 1.85 1.05-2.15 1.35 ±0.25 13.61 Regulator F1 Growth 0.29 0.2-1.00 1.05 ±0.15 10.67 Regulator F2 Growth 0.35 0.15-1.10 1.10 ±0.35 8.20 Regulator F3 Growth 0.65 0.50-1.50 1.10 ±0.40 9.06 Regulator F4 Growth 0.14 0.05-0.40 0.85 ±0.25 7.50 Regulator EC50 for Growth regulator is expressed as mg / cm2

[0002] Based on the data, it was found that formulation-4 (comprising 50% PP-1 blend and 50% PP-2 blend) showed the highest growth reduction (EC50: 0.14%), followed by formulation-1 (comprising 80% PP-1 blend and 20% PP-2 blend) with an EC50 of 0.29% (Table 4). Similarly, in the toxicity study of PP-1 and PP-2 blend formulations on Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV)- infected plants, formulation-4 (50% PP-1 blend and 50% PP-2 blend) demonstrated the highest toxicity (LC50: 87%) against PRSV-infected plants, compared to the other PP-1 and PP-2 blend formulations (Table 5). Example: 2 Experimental Layout The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different combinations of PP-1 and PP-2 blend formulations (which include Salicylic acid, Gibberellic acid, and Organic Silica, combined with Seaweed Extract, Fulvic Substances, Humic Acid, and Micronutrients) against Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) under field conditions. The experiment was set up using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatments and three replications. The plot size was 6.5 m × 4 m, and the papaya hybrid plants were spaced at 1.5 m × 1.5 m. Treatment Details: The formulations were applied at a dosage of 5 ml per liter for mature plants and 2-3 ml per liter for young seedlings. The product was also recommended for mixing with Calcium Nitrate and one systemic insecticide for enhanced results. For crops with longer growth cycles, applications were made every 15 days, starting from day 30 and continuing until harvest. For short- term crops, applications were made every 10 days, beginning at day 30 and lasting until harvest, with an additional 5 ml per liter of Potassium Nitrate for optimized results. Four treatments were applied, each replicated three times. Each treatment involved six sprays at 10-day intervals. Treatment details are provided in Table 6. The disease incidence of symptomatic plants (p) in each field was determined by the following equation: P = D / T……….1, where D = total number of diseased plants, and T = total number of plants Table 6: The results of the effects of the combination of PP1 and PP2 blends on PRSV disease incidence revealed that Treatment T4 (6 sprays of formulation-4 with 50% PP-1 blend and 50% PP-2 blend at 10-day intervals) was the most effective in managing PRSV. This treatment recorded only 1% disease incidence up to 60 days after treatment (DAT), making it the best performing treatment. Mechanisms of action of present proposed eco formulation in curing virus-infected papaya plants The successful recovery of virus-infected papaya plants following the application of the present formulation is attributed to a complex, multi-dimensional mechanism of action. A range of biological processes work synergistically to suppress viral activity and restore plant health. These processes include the activation of the plant's natural immune system, enhancement of RNA silencing mechanisms, stimulation of tissue regeneration, and more, all contributing to the overall recovery of the plant. One of the primary actions of present formulation is the priming of innate immunity, often referred to as Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR). This is accomplished by activating pathogenesis- related (PR) genes and enhancing key plant signaling pathways, such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene. These pathways facilitate faster and more robust immune responses upon exposure to viral pathogens, providing an immediate line of defense against the infection. Additionally, present formulation stimulates the plant's RNA interference (RNAi) machinery, which is essential for suppressing viral replication. It achieves this by upregulating genes responsible for Dicer-like enzymes and Argonaute proteins, which are involved in the production of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). This enhancement of post-transcriptional gene silencing further inhibits the spread and replication of the virus within the plant. Another key mechanism involves the repair and regeneration of infected tissues. The present formulation stimulates apical and lateral meristem activity, which promotes vascular regeneration and improves nutrient and water transport. This encourages healthy tissue outgrowth, helping to compensate for the damaged areas and accelerate the recovery process. The formulation also promotes increased cell division and cell elongation, leading to accelerated vegetative and reproductive development. This effect results in rapid tissue regeneration and establishment of a healthy plant canopy, allowing the plant to recover quickly from viral damage. Viral infections often disrupt the plant's hormonal balance, but present formulation helps restore this balance by enhancing the synthesis and activity of growth-promoting hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins. Additionally, it reduces stress-related hormones like abscisic acid (ABA) and supports hormonal crosstalk, facilitating coordinated growth and defense responses. The formulation also boosts chlorophyll content, thereby improving photosynthetic efficiency and reversing virus-induced chlorosis. This results in enhanced biomass accumulation, which further supports the plant's recovery and growth. Furthermore, present formulation reduces oxidative stress induced by viral infections by activating antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). These enzymes neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), helping preserve cellular function and protecting the plant from further damage. The present formulation also works to block the systemic movement of the virus by promoting callose deposition at plasmodesmata, which strengthens vascular barriers and prevents long-distance virus transport within the plant. This localized defense limits the spread of the virus, preventing new infections from emerging. Finally, the formulation plays a role in microbiome modulation, indirectly supporting plant resistance by altering the root and foliar microbiomes to favor beneficial microbes while suppressing pathogens. This microbiome shift contributes to the plant's overall resilience and capacity to withstand viral stress. In addition to these mechanisms, present formulation contains antiviral bioactive compounds that directly inhibit viral replication. These compounds disrupt viral replication enzymes or interfere with coat protein assembly, hindering virus-host interactions and further impeding viral infection and spread. Through these combined mechanisms, present formulation effectively promotes the recovery of virus-infected papaya plants, restoring plant health and productivity. Experimental Support and Literature-Based Data Table 7: Summary of Mechanisms and Literature Support Mechanism Action of Present formulation Supporting Literature Induced Systemic Upregulation of PR genes; SA, JA, and Van Wees et al., 2008; Resistance (ISR) ET signaling activation Pieterse et al., 2014 RNA Silencing Stimulation of siRNA pathways, DCL Baulcombe, 2004; Liu et Enhancement and AGO genes al., 2009 Antioxidant Enzyme Increased SOD, CAT, and POD activity Mittler, 2002; Apel&Hirt, Activity to neutralize ROS 2004 Hormonal Modulation Increase in auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin biosynthesis; reduction in ABA Kazan & Manners, 2009 Mechanism Action of Present formulation Supporting Literature Chlorophyll and Elevated chlorophyll content improves Photosynthesis Boost photosynthetic rate Lichtenthaler et al., 1987 Enhanced Cell Division Stimulation of meristematic activity and and Elongation expansion of healthy tissues Sugimoto et al., 2010 Microbiome Modulation Indirect antiviral benefits through root microbiota balance Berendsen et al., 2012 Table 8: Data from Field and Greenhouse Studies Parameter Control Infected + POWER % (Untreated) PLUS Improvement Symptom severity score (0–5 4.5 ± 0.3 1.2 ± 0.2 73% ↓ scale) Viral load (ELISA OD @405 1.85 ± 0.15 0.65 ± 0.10 65% ↓ nm) PR gene expression (qPCR 1.0 3.8 ± 0.5 ↑280% fold change) Chlorophyll content (SPAD 28 ± 2 43 ± 3 54% ↑ units) Number of leaves per plant 18 ± 1 27 ± 2 50% ↑ Fruit yield (kg / plant) 11.2 ± 0.9 19.6 ± 1.1 75% ↑ SOD enzyme activity (U / mg 12.4 ± 1.5 25.7 ± 2.2 107% ↑ protein) 5 The present formulation presents a multi-targeted approach to managing plant viral infections, particularly focusing on viruses like the Papaya Ringspot Virus (PRSV). This formulation leverages a combination of immunity priming, growth promotion, oxidative stress management, and potential direct antiviral action, providing a holistic solution for virus management. The ability to prime the plant’s natural immune system enhances its resilience to 10 viral attack, while growth-promoting components accelerate recovery from viral damage and stimulate overall plant health. Additionally, the formulation addresses oxidative stress caused by viral infections by inducing the production of antioxidant enzymes, which helps mitigate cellular damage. The potential direct antiviral action further contributes to the reduction of viral replication, supporting the plant's defense mechanisms. This multi-dimensional strategy not only provides protection but also promotes the growth and productivity of the crops, resulting in higher yields and better-quality fruits. Supporting data from both field and greenhouse studies have demonstrated the efficacy of this formulation in significantly reducing disease incidence, enhancing plant health, and promoting recovery in virus-infected papaya plants. The promising results from these studies strengthen the rationale for further validation and potential commercial expansion of this formulation. Given its eco-friendly and non-toxic nature, it presents a sustainable solution for virus management in papaya and could be extended to other crops affected by similar viral diseases. This multi-targeted approach positions the formulation as a valuable tool for integrated pest and disease management strategies, offering a comprehensive and sustainable solution for farmers seeking to manage viral infections while maintaining crop health and productivity.

Claims

We Claim:

1. An Eco-formulation for enhancing the innate resistance mechanism in plants against Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV), comprising a combination of PP-1 and PP-2 blends, 5 wherein, i. PP-1 blend consists of 25%(w / w) of Salicylic acid, 25%(w / w) of gibberellic acid which are the active ingredient and 10%(w / w) of organic silica and, ii. PP-2 blend is having 20%(w / w) of seaweed extract and 5%(w / w) of fulvic substances and 5%(w / w) of humic acid along with micronutrients 1.5%(w / w) Zn, 1%(w / w) Fe, 0.5%(w / w) Mn, 1%(w / w) B and 0.5%(w / w) Mg.

2. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fulvic substances are obtained from soil, and bodies of water.

3. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation prepared useful against Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) in crops include papaya, and cucurbits.

4. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PP-1 blend having 50% and the PP2 blend having 50% exhibited the maximum growth reduction (EC50: 0.14%) against the Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV), a systemic threat to papaya and cucurbits.

5. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PP-1 blend having 50% and PP-2 blend having 50% shows maximum toxicity (LC50: 87%) as (μg / PRSV infected plants) against the Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV), a systemic threat to papaya and cucurbits.

6. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein combination of PP1 and PP2 blends on PRSV disease incidence shows T4 (6 sprays formulation-4 with PP-1 blend 50% and PP-2 blend 50% at 10 days interval) is the significantly best useful in managing the PRSV which recorded 1 percent of disease incidence up to 60 DAT.

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